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  • 1
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    Comment on "Slow adaptation in the face of rapid warming leads to collapse of the Gulf of Maine cod fishery" (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Pershing et al (Science, 13 November 2015, p. 809) concluded that recent warming in the Gulf of Maine contributed to the collapse of Gulf of Maine cod. We argue that this conclusion is based on a flawed analysis of the population dynamics of this cod stock. We believe that understanding the potential role of climate change in the collapse of this stock requires more defensible analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swain, Douglas P -- Benoit, Hugues P -- Cox, Sean P -- Cadigan, Noel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):423. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. hugues.benoit@dfo-mpo.gc.ca. ; School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. ; Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research, Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Fisheries ; Gadus morhua/*physiology ; *Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Interactions between ageing error and selectivity in statistical catch-at-age models: simulations and implications for assessment of the Chilean Patagonian toothfish fishery (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-23
    Description: In age-structured fisheries stock assessments, ageing errors within age composition data can lead to biased mortality rate and year-class strength estimates. These errors may be further compounded where fishery-dependent age composition data are influenced by temporal changes in fishery selectivity and selectivity misspecification. In this study, we investigated how ageing error within age composition data interacts with time-varying fishery selectivity and selectivity misspecification to affect estimates derived from a statistical catch-at-age (SCA) model that used fishery-dependent data. We tested three key model parameters: average unfished recruitment ( R 0 ), spawning stock depletion ( D final ), and fishing mortality in the terminal year ( F terminal ). The Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides ) fishery in southern Chile was used as a case study. Age composition data used to assess this fishery were split into two sets based on scale (1989–2006) and otolith (2007–2012) readings, where the scale readings show clear age-truncation effects. We used a simulation-estimation approach to examine the bias and precision of parameter estimates under various combinations of ageing error, selectivity type (asymptotic or dome-shaped), selectivity misspecification, and variation in selectivity over time. Generally, ageing error led to overly optimistic perceptions of current fishery status relative to historical reference points. Ageing error generated imprecise and positively biased estimates of R 0 (range 10 to 〉200%), D final (range –20 to 〉100%), and F terminal (range –15 to 〉150%). The bias in D final and R 0 was more severe when selectivity was dome-shaped. Time-varying selectivity (both asymptotic and dome-shaped) increased the bias in D final and F terminal, but decreased the bias in R 0 . The effect of ageing error was more severe, or was masked, with selectivity misspecification. Correcting the ageing error inside the SCA reduced bias and improved precision of estimated parameters .
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    ΔB mechanism for fringe-field organic magnetoresistance (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, S. P. Kersten, J. M. Veerhoek, P. Bobbert, and B. Koopmans Fringe fields emanating from magnetic domain structures can give rise to magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors. In this article, we explain these magnetic-field effects in terms of a ΔB mechanism. This mechanism describes how variations in magnetic-field strength between two polaron hopping si... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 165205] Published Thu Apr 23, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Performance evaluation of harvest control rules for Pacific herring management in British Columbia, Canada (2010)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-10
    Description: Cleary, J. S., Cox, S. P., and Schweigert, J. F. 2010. Performance evaluation of harvest control rules for Pacific herring management in British Columbia, Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 2005–2011. Despite application of a harvest control rule (HCR) since 1986, abundance of several Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) stocks in British Columbia, Canada, are currently below levels considered adequate for exploitation. An alternative HCR, based on default limit and upper stock reference (USR) points at 0.4 BMSY and 0.8 BMSY, was recently developed under Canada's precautionary fisheries management policy. We simulated the Pacific herring fishery management system to examine whether (i) realized fishery performance over the past 10 years is an expected consequence of applying the existing herring HCR (with a single lower reference point) and (ii) performance could be improved by adopting the Department of Fisheries and Oceans new HCR with limit and USR points. Both HCRs successfully rebuilt stocks to sustainable levels under a high-productivity scenario, but performed poorly when stock productivity was low. The two HCRs were sensitive to stock productivity, because the effect of a target harvest rate (20%) that is independent of productivity was much larger than the effects of biomass reference-point choices. We therefore recommend further research on estimating reference points and sustainable harvest rates for Pacific herring, so that HCRs may be made more responsive to changes in productivity.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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  • 5
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    ULF wave effects on high frequency signal propagation through the ionosphere (2009)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-14
    Description: Variations in the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere alter the propagation characteristics of EM radiation for frequencies above a few megahertz (MHz). Spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere TEC influence highly sensitive, ground based spatial measurements such as those used in radio astronomy and Global Positioning System (GPS) applications. In this paper we estimate the magnitudes of the changes in TEC and the time delays of high frequency signals introduced by variations in the ionosphere electron density caused by the natural spectrum of ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave activity that originates in near-Earth space. The time delays and associated phase shifts depend on the frequency, spatial structure and amplitude of the ULF waves.
    Print ISSN: 0992-7689
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0576
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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