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  • 1
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    Evolution of pallium, hippocampus, and cortical cell types revealed by single-cell transcriptomics in reptiles (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Description: Computations in the mammalian cortex are carried out by glutamatergic and -aminobutyric acid–releasing (GABAergic) neurons forming specialized circuits and areas. Here we asked how these neurons and areas evolved in amniotes. We built a gene expression atlas of the pallium of two reptilian species using large-scale single-cell messenger RNA sequencing. The transcriptomic signature of glutamatergic neurons in reptilian cortex suggests that mammalian neocortical layers are made of new cell types generated by diversification of ancestral gene-regulatory programs. By contrast, the diversity of reptilian cortical GABAergic neurons indicates that the interneuron classes known in mammals already existed in the common ancestor of all amniotes.
    Keywords: Evolution, Molecular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Following dynamic nuclear wave packets in N_{2},O_{2}, and CO with few-cycle infrared pulses (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-11
    Description: Author(s): S. De, M. Magrakvelidze, I. A. Bocharova, D. Ray, W. Cao, I. Znakovskaya, H. Li, Z. Wang, G. Laurent, U. Thumm, M. F. Kling, I. V. Litvinyuk, I. Ben-Itzhak, and C. L. Cocke [Phys. Rev. A 84, 043410] Published Mon Oct 10, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Attosecond Control of Orbital Parity Mix Interferences and the Relative Phase of Even and Odd Harmonics in an Attosecond Pulse Train (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-21
    Description: Author(s): G. Laurent, W. Cao, H. Li, Z. Wang, I. Ben-Itzhak, and C. L. Cocke We experimentally demonstrate that atomic orbital parity mix interferences can be temporally controlled on an attosecond time scale. Electron wave packets are formed by ionizing argon gas with a comb of odd and even high-order harmonics, in the presence of a weak infrared field. Consequently, a mix ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 083001] Published Mon Aug 20, 2012
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Orientation dependence of the ionization of CO and NO in an intense femtosecond two-color laser field (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: Author(s): H. Li, D. Ray, S. De, I. Znakovskaya, W. Cao, G. Laurent, Z. Wang, M. F. Kling, A. T. Le, and C. L. Cocke [Phys. Rev. A 84, 043429] Published Mon Oct 24, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Dynamic modification of the fragmentation of autoionizing states of O_{2}^{+} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-11
    Description: Author(s): W. Cao, G. Laurent, S. De, M. Schöffler, T. Jahnke, A. S. Alnaser, I. A. Bocharova, C. Stuck, D. Ray, M. F. Kling, I. Ben-Itzhak, Th. Weber, A. L. Landers, A. Belkacem, R. Dörner, A. E. Orel, T. N. Rescigno, and C. L. Cocke [Phys. Rev. A 84, 053406] Published Thu Nov 10, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Dynamic optimization of odor representations by slow temporal patterning of mitral cell activity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: Mitral cells (MCs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) respond to odors with slow temporal firing patterns. The representation of each odor by activity patterns across the MC population thus changes continuously throughout a stimulus, in an odor-specific manner. In the zebrafish OB, we found that this distributed temporal patterning progressively reduced the similarity between ensemble representations of related odors, thereby making each odor's representation more specific over time. The tuning of individual MCs was not sharpened during this process. Hence, the individual responses of MCs did not become more specific, but the odor-coding MC assemblies changed such that their overlap decreased. This optimization of ensemble representations did not occur among olfactory afferents but resulted from OB circuit dynamics. Time can therefore gradually optimize stimulus representations in a sensory network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friedrich, R W -- Laurent, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):889-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, MC 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids ; Animals ; Dendrites/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Neural Conduction ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/physiology ; *Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/*cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Odorant/physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A systems perspective on early olfactory coding (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: This review critically examines neuronal coding strategies and how they might apply to olfactory processing. Basic notions such as identity, spatial, temporal, and correlation codes are defined and different perspectives are brought to the study of neural codes. Odors as physical stimuli and their processing by the early olfactory system, one or two synapses away from the receptors, are discussed. Finally, the concept of lateral inhibition, as usually understood and applied to odor coding by mitral (or equivalent) cells, is challenged and extended to a broader context, possibly more appropriate for olfactory processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laurent, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):723-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. laurentg@its.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/physiology ; *Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*physiology ; Perception ; Receptors, Odorant/*physiology ; Smell/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Complexity and the nervous system (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Advances in the neurosciences have revealed the staggering complexity of even "simple" nervous systems. This is reflected in their function, their evolutionary history, their structure, and the coding schemes they use to represent information. These four viewpoints need all play a role in any future science of "brain complexity."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koch, C -- Laurent, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):96-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computation and Neural Systems Program, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. koch@klab.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Oscillations and sparsening of odor representations in the mushroom body (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-20
    Description: In the insect olfactory system, oscillatory synchronization is functionally relevant and reflects the coherent activation of dynamic neural assemblies. We examined the role of such oscillatory synchronization in information transfer between networks in this system. The antennal lobe is the obligatory relay for olfactory afferent signals and generates oscillatory output. The mushroom body is responsible for formation and retrieval of olfactory and other memories. The format of odor representations differs significantly across these structures. Whereas representations are dense, dynamic, and seemingly redundant in the antennal lobe, they are sparse and carried by more selective neurons in the mushroom body. This transformation relies on a combination of oscillatory dynamics and intrinsic and circuit properties that act together to selectively filter and synthesize the output from the antennal lobe. These results provide direct support for the functional relevance of correlation codes and shed some light on the role of oscillatory synchronization in sensory networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perez-Orive, Javier -- Mazor, Ofer -- Turner, Glenn C -- Cassenaer, Stijn -- Wilson, Rachel I -- Laurent, Gilles -- P41-RR09754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):359-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12130775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Grasshoppers ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/*cytology/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Odors ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Picrotoxin/pharmacology ; Smell/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Reactive and nonreactive scattering of H2 from a metal surface is electronically adiabatic (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The Born-Oppenheimer approximation of uncoupled electronic and nuclear motion is a standard tool of the computational chemist. However, its validity for molecule-metal surface reactions, which are important to heterogeneous catalysis, has been questioned because of the possibility of electron-hole pair excitations. We have performed experiments and calculations on the scattering of molecular hydrogen from a catalytically relevant metal surface, obtaining absolute probabilities for changes in the molecule's velocity parallel to the representative Pt(111) surface. The comparison for in-plane and out-of-plane scattering and results for dissociative chemisorption in the same system show that for hydrogen-metal systems, reaction and diffractive scattering can be accurately described using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto, Pablo -- Pijper, Ernst -- Barredo, Daniel -- Laurent, Guillaume -- Olsen, Roar A -- Baerends, Evert-Jan -- Kroes, Geert-Jan -- Farias, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):86-9. Epub 2006 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada C-3 and Instituto Nicolas Cabrera, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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