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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (6,204)
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  • Fisheries
  • 2020-2023  (33)
  • 2005-2009  (7,343)
  • 1950-1954  (4,940)
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  • 1
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    Yemaya No. 63, May 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Yemaya No. 63, dated May 2021, features articles from US, The Netherlands, Myanmar, Senegal, and an article on women in fisheries and human rights. The article from the US by Linda Behnken argues that a growing coalition of small-scale, community-based fishers is calling for the recognition and protection of Alaska’s invaluable coastal fisheries during COVID-19. The article from the Netherlands by Cornelie Quist looks at the challenges facing women engaged in small-scale fishing and supplying fish through retailers and how they found new ways to directly reach consumers. The conversation between Miranda Bout and Cornelie Quist focuses on how they combined new product development with the use of social media to contact their customer base during the pandemic-induced disruption of traditional marketing chains. The article by Elena Finkbeiner, Juno Fitzpatrick and Whitney Yadao-Evans looks at recent media revelations and scientific research that have brought increased attention to human-rights violations and the myriad social issues facing fisheries, but with a disproportionate focus on labour-rights violations at sea and in industrial fishing operations. The systemic inequalities combined with the effects of COVID-19 exacerbated vulnerabilities of women to health risks, food and livelihood security. The article from Senegal by Aby Dia from Lumière Synergie pour le Développement (LSD), in collaboration with WoMin African Alliance, South Africa, narrates the story of traditional women fish processors from the Bargny who have been, for more than a decade, struggling against development projects that jeopardise their environment, health and livelihoods. In order to preserve their livelihoods, women processors in Senegal have come together to oppose the Tosyali steel project. The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Europe (AKTEA) urges the Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries to integrate gender into all aspects of European fishing policy. The Profile column looks at how Linda Behnken became a fisher in Alaska and how fishing has shaped her individuality and work. Natalie Sattler says that fishing for halibut, sablefish and salmon from the sparkling waters of the Pacific along with her children and at the same time passion for working with the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association and the Alaska Sustainable Fisheries Trust is an immense challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fishing Communities ; Women in fisheries ; Gender ; Small-scale fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 12p.
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  • 2
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    Sitios de agregación reproductiva de pargos (Lutjanidae) en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba. (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: Las pesquerías basadas en las agregaciones reproductivas pueden amenazar a especies como los pargos que tienen conductas gregarias durante el período reproductivo. Esta nota ofrece elementos que sugieren la existencia de sitios de agregación no registrados previamente y no protegidos en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF), región suroccidental de Cuba. La información tradicional obtenida de pescadores locales y trabajadores del parque se corroboró con muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos de peces de arrecifes y datos de pesquerías locales del 2014. En la época de reproducción de pargos (mayo a julio) se observaron grupos de entre 40-100 ejemplares de Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutjanus synagris y Lutjanus jocu en los arrecifes de la zona occidental del PNCSF (camellones entre 15-30 m de profundidad cerca del borde de la plataforma). Dentro de esa área, se señalan dos sitios que parecen ser utilizados para agregaciones de predesove, por lo que requieren protección y ser estudiados. Los censos cuantitativos confirmaron que en mayo y junio la zona occidental tiene densidad alta de pargos adultos. También, el pico de captura de estas especies ocurrió en la época reproductiva. Se comprobó que las pesquerías se realizaron durante las migraciones de peces hacia el borde de la plataforma en áreas de la zona occidental del PNCSF, y que más del 60% de los individuos tuvieron gónadas maduras (antes de desovar). Esta información debe incentivar el estudio de las agregaciones de desove en esta región de Cuba, la protección de especies amenazadas y áreas de alta significación ecológica y la implementación de pesquerías sostenibles.
    Description: Fisheries based on reproductive aggregations can threaten species such as snappers that have gregarious behavior during the reproductive period. This note provides evidence to support the existence of aggregation sites, not previously registered and unprotected, in the National Park San Felipe Keys (NPSFK), southwestern region of Cuba. Traditionalinformation obtained from local fishermen and from the park staff was complemented with qualitative and quantitative fish reef censuses and local fisheries data in 2014. In the reproductive season of snappers (May to July) groups of between 40-100 specimens of Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutja- nus synagris and Lutjanus jocu were observed in the western area of the NPSFK on the reefs (spoor and grove between 20-30 m deep close to the platform edge). Within that area two sites are indicated that can be used for prespawning aggregation, so they require protection and study. Quanti- tative censuses confirmed that in May and June the western zone has high density of adult snappers. Also, the peak of capture of these snapper species occurred in the reproduc- tive season. It was found that fisheries carried out during fish migrations to the edge of the shelf in areas of the western area of the NPSFK and more than 60% of the individuals had mature gonads (before spawning). This information should promote the study of spawning aggregations in this region of Cuba, the protection of threatened species and areas of high ecological significance and the implementation of sustainable fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Región suroccidental de Cuba ; Desove ; Pesquerías ; Migration routes ; Spawning ; Fisheries ; Rutas migraciones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.54-65
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  • 3
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    Workshop on ICES Reference Points (WKREF2) (2022)
    International Council for the Exploration of the Sea | Copenhagen, Denmark
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: The ICES Workshop on ICES reference points (WKREF2) was tasked review the WKREF1 report and based on the outcome develop updated guidelines for the ICES reference points system and recommendations for ACOM consideration. The WKREF1 report has suggested 5 key recom- mendations to simplify and harmonise the ICES reference points framework representing a ma- jor change to the current guidelines. At WKREF2, we detailed discussions and four key concerns were raised about the proposed approach. The first related to the simplification of rules to define Blim. Around two thirds of category 1 stocks would end up as WKREF1 “Blim Type 2” where Blim would be set as a fraction of B0. The Allee effect or “depensation” maybe more important than previously thought and should be furthered explored for ICES stocks since it has important consequences for Blim. A number of challenges and issues around defining Blim using the current guidelines were documented. Some suggestions on improvement criteria were discussed including using classifiers to define spas- modic stocks and using change point algorithms to address non-stationary productivity regimes. However, further work is need to make these approaches operational and there was no consen- sus that the WKREF1 Blim types should replace the current guidelines. WKREF1 recommended that the FMSY proxy should be based on a biological proxies and should be less than the deterministic FMSY. It was pointed out that the stochastic FMSY estimated in EqSim for example, is lower than the deterministic FMSY and that the current guidelines ensure that the FMSY should not pose a more than 5% risk to Blim. A large amount of work described in WD 1 was carried out to develop an MSE framework to consistency and robustness test a candidate refer- ence point system for North East Atlantic stocks. However, WKREF2 recommended that further work needs to be carried out to condition and test the simulation framework before the conclu- sions could be adopted by ICES and incorporated into the guidelines. A number of considerations for defining MSY related reference points were discussed including using model validation and prediction skill to ensure that ICES provide robust and credible ad- vice. There is evidence that density dependence (DD) is important in the majority of ICES stocks (68% in recruitment and 54% in growth). The correct prediction of the shape and strength of density-dependence in productivity is key to predicting future stock development and providing the best possible long-term fisheries management advice. A suggested approach to use surplus production models (SPMs) to account for DD in FMSY was suggested and discussed but there was no consensus on whether that approach was appropriate. There was consensus that the FECO approach as a means of adapting target fishing mortality to medium-term changes in productiv- ity should be included in the guidelines subject to a benchmark and ACOM approval. While WKREF1 and 2 focused mainly on Category 1 stocks ToR c) called for a “simplified and harmonised set of guidelines for estimating MSY and precautionary reference points applicable in the advice framework across various ICES stock categories.” Ideally the ICES assessment cat- egories should provide equivalent risk across all stocks. This issue was discussed but no recom- mendations emerged. There was no consensus a revised reference point framework was proposed at WKREF2. How- ever, it was agreed that it should be presented here for further discussion at ACOM and other fora. The key feature of the suggested approach is that the stock status evaluation is treated in- dependent of the Advice Rule (AR). The main feature of the system is that the biomass trigger is not linked to a stock status evaluation, it is linked to the expected biomass when fishing at the target fishing mortality, in contrast to the current ICES approach. It also entailed that FMSY would also become an upper limit of fishing mortality and that the advised fishing mortality would be set at or lower than that level. WKREF2 did not discuss what to do in situations where SSB〈 Blim or alternative forms of HCR for the advice rule. Building community understanding and con- sensus around simplified and harmonised guidelines has yet to be achieved. A further workshop WKREF3 will be required to achieve that aim. The report includes 6 recommendations for ACOM consideration.
    Description: ICES
    Description: The main objective of the workshop was to review the recommendations of WKREF1 and con- sider how these might feed into a new reference points framework and guidelines for ICES. There were a number of presentations on the wider issues of best practice for reference points, the Allee effect, density dependence and the WKIRISH approach. The starting point was to try and develop a set of simplified and harmonised guidelines based on the WKREF1 report rather than evolving the current guidelines to include the WKREF1 conclusions. A key aspect of the meeting was to allow for discussions in order to build a shared understanding of the strengths and weakness of the current framework and of the new framework emerging from WKREF1.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ICES ; Reference points ; Management advice ; Fisheries ; Fishery management reference points
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 103pp
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  • 4
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    The economic tradeoffs and ecological impacts associated with a potential mesopelagic fishery in the California Current (2022)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dowd, S., Chapman, M., Koehn, L., & Hoagland, P. The economic tradeoffs and ecological impacts associated with a potential mesopelagic fishery in the California Current. Ecological Applications, 32(4), (2022): e2578, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2578.
    Description: The ocean's mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) remains one of the most understudied parts of the ocean despite knowledge that mesopelagic fishes are highly abundant. Apex predators from the surface waters are known to consume these fishes, constituting an important ecological interaction. Some countries have begun exploring the potential harvest of mesopelagic fishes to supply fishmeal and fish oil markets due to the high fish abundance in the mesopelagic zone compared with overfished surface waters. This study explored the economic and ecological implications of a moratorium on the harvest of mesopelagic fishes such as lanternfish off the US West Coast, one of the few areas where such resources are managed. We adapted a bioeconomic decision model to examine the tradeoffs between the values gained from a hypothetical mesopelagic fishery with the potential values lost from declines in predators of mesopelagic fishes facing a reduced prey resource. The economic rationale for a moratorium on harvesting mesopelagics was sensitive both to ecological relationships and the scale of the nonmarket values attributed to noncommercial predators. Using a California Current-based ecological simulation model, we found that most modeled predators of mesopelagic fishes increased in biomass even under high mesopelagic harvest rates, but the changes (either increases or decreases) were small, with relatively few predators responding with more than a 10% change in their biomass. While the ecological simulations implied that a commercial mesopelagic fishery might not have large biomass impacts for many species in the California Current system, there is still a need to further explore the various roles of the mesopelagic zone in the ocean.
    Description: Sally Dowd acknowledges sponsorship from the WHOI Summer Student Fellowship and the Rausser College of Natural Resources Honors Program at UC Berkeley. This project would not have been possible without the guidance provided by Kama Thieler and Carl Boettiger. Porter Hoagland acknowledges funding from the Audacious Project, a collaborative endeavor, housed at TED and the J. Seward Johnson Fund in support of the Marine Policy Center at WHOI.
    Keywords: Bioeconomic model ; Fisheries ; Mesopelagic fishes ; Moratorium ; Nonmarket value ; Predators ; Rpath ; Willingness-to-pay values
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 5
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    The ocean twilight zone’s role in climate change (2022)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Buesseler, K., Jin, D., Kourantidou, M., Levin, D., Ramakrishna, K., Renaud, P., Ausubel, J., Baltes, K., Gjerde, K., Holland, M., Kostel, K., LaCapra, V., Martin, A., Sosik, H., Thorrold, S., Tierney, T., Joyce, K., Renier, N., Taylor, E. (2022). The Ocean Twilight Zone’s Role in Climate Change. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 32 pp.
    Description: The ocean twilight zone (more formally known as the mesopelagic zone) plays a fundamental role in global climate. It is the mid-ocean region roughly 100 to 1000 meters below the surface, encompassing a half-mile deep belt of water that spans more than two-thirds of our planet. The top of the ocean twilight zone only receives 1% of incident sunlight and the bottom level is void of sunlight. Life in the ocean twilight zone helps to transport billions of metric tons (gigatonnes) of carbon annually from the upper ocean into the deep sea, due in part to processes known as the biological carbon pump. Once carbon moves below roughly 1000 meters depth in the ocean, it can remain out of the atmosphere for centuries to millennia. Without the benefits of the biological carbon pump, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration would increase by approximately 200 ppm 1 which would significantly amplify the negative effects of climate change that the world is currently trying to curtail and reverse. Unfortunately, existing scientific knowledge about this vast zone of the ocean, such as how chemical elements flow through its living systems and the physical environment, is extremely limited, jeopardizing the efforts to improve climate predictions and to inform fisheries management and ocean policy development.
    Description: Funding is: The Audacious Project housed at TED
    Keywords: Climate ; Mesopelagic ; Twilight Zone ; Fisheries ; Carbon Dioxide Removal ; Ocean ; Biological Carbon Pump ; Solubility Pump ; Carbon ; Marine Snow
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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  • 6
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    Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., Hoagland, P., Dale, A., & Bailey, M. Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 590213, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.590213.
    Description: Canada has undertaken commitments to recognize the rights of Indigenous Peoples in fisheries through policies and agreements, including Integrated Fishery Management Plans, the Reconciliation Strategy, and Land Claim Agreements (LCAs). In addition to recognizing rights, these commitments were intended to respect geographic adjacency principles, to enhance the economic viability of Indigenous communities, and to be reflective of community dependence on marine resources. We examined the determinants of quota allocations in commercial fisheries involving Nunatsiavut, Northern Labrador, the first self-governing region for the Inuit peoples in Canada. It has been argued that current fishery allocations for Nunatsiavut Inuit have not satisfied federal commitments to recognize Indigenous rights. Indicators that measure equity in commercial allocations for the turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fisheries were identified and assessed. In these two cases, historical allocations continue to predominate for allocations based upon equity or other social or economic considerations. We illustrate equity-enhancing changes in the quota distribution under scenarios of different levels of inequality aversion, and we make qualitative assessments of the effects of these allocations to Nunatsiavut for socioeconomic welfare. This approach could benefit fisheries governance in Northern Labrador, where federal commitments to equity objectives continue to be endorsed but have not yet been integrated fully into quota allocations.
    Description: This research was undertaken with funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund through the Ocean Frontier Institute (MK and MB) and the Johnson Endowment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s (WHOI) Marine Policy Center (PH).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Allocations ; Equity ; Indigenous rights ; Access
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 7
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    Experiments on the induced spawning and larval rearing of the milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in 1979 (2021)
    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18569 | 2002 | 2015-11-15 16:06:30 | 18569 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: This paper summarizes the results of the experiments on the induced breeding and larval rearing of milkfish (Chanos chanos) during the 1979 season. Milkfish larvae could be reared successfully without the use of trochophore larvae of oysters as feed during the first few days. In order to induce the ovulation of wild adult milkfish a higher dose of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is required.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chanos chanos ; ISEW ; Philippines ; marine environment ; Brood stocks ; Fish culture ; Fish larvae ; Food organisms ; Induced breeding ; Larval development ; Sex hormones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 1-3
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  • 8
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 1 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20100 | 17342 | 2016-02-24 22:18:26 | 20100 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An outline is given of aquaculture and fisheries in Asia, providing information of use to students whose work can influence laws, rules, policy and regulations on aquaculture and fisheries, with the view in mind to sustainable aquaculture. In this issue, the following countries are examined: China, Indonesia, and Bangladesh.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture regulations ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery industry ; Asia ; Bangladesh ; China
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 7-8
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  • 9
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 4 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20067 | 2002 | 2016-03-04 15:16:24 | 20067 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Vietnam ; Sri Lanka ; Sri Lanka ; Vietnam ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Feed ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Fisheries ; Fishery data ; Food organisms ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc culture ; Pond culture ; Seaweed culture ; Shrimp culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: pp.9-10, 27
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  • 10
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20055 | 2002 | 2016-03-03 11:33:32 | 20055 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Myanmar ; Myanmar ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Catching methods ; Culture effects ; Environmental impact ; Fish culture ; Fisheries ; Fishery development ; Fishery resources ; Fishery statistics ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Sustainability ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: pp.9-10, 29
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  • 11
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26291 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 09:42:05 | 26291 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Indonesia ; Heavy metals ; Chemical pollution ; Pollution monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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    Format: 10-19
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  • 12
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26293 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:49:21 | 26293 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 38-46
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  • 13
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    Round scad exploration by purse seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26259 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 05:56:06 | 26259 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Round scad exploration by purse seine in the waters of western Philippines was conducted from April 22 to May 7, 1998 for a period of five (5) fishing days with a total catch of 7.3 tons and an average of 1.5 tons per setting. Dominant species caught were Decapterus spp. having 70.09% of the total catch, followed by Selar spp. at 12.66% and Rastrelliger spp. 10.70%. Among the Decapterus spp. caught, D. macrosoma attained the highest total catch composition by species having 68.81% followed by D. kurroides and D.russelli with 0.31% and 1.14% respectively. The round scad fishery stock was composed mainly of juvenile fish (less than 13 cm) and Age group II (13 cm to 14 cm). Few large round scad at Age group IV and V (20 cm to 28 cm) stayed at the fishery. Other fishes caught were: Auxis rochei (0.85%), A. thazard (0.12%), Caranx spp. (0.45%), Emmilichthys nitidus (0.58%), Euthynnus affinis (0.42%), Leiognathus ruconius (0.58%), Loligo sp. (0.31%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.09%), Rastrelliger spp. (10.70%), Sardinella longiceps (0.03%), Scomberoides lysan (0.24%), Selar spp. (12.66%), Sphyraena spp. (0.90%), Thunnus albacares (0.96%) and others (1.02%). Tuna and tuna like fishes such as yellowfin tuna, eastern little tuna, bullet tuna, frigate tuna and oceanic squid are distributed in the upper latitudes of the survey area. On the other hand, round scads, big-eyed scads and Indian mackerels are dominantly present in the lower latitudes of the survey area.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Purse seining ; Age composition ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Carangid fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines ; Rastrelliger ; Decapterus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 14
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    Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakarn, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26215 | 17342 | 2019-02-08 06:25:54 | 26215 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in this paper is the status of the fishery industry in Brunei Darussalam. Specifically, it discussed the following topics: fishery management strategies, zonation scheme, licencing, the use of poisons and explosives, the minimum cod-end mesh size for trawlers, closed areas, enhancement of fishing grounds, and the enforcement activities.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fishery management ; Fisheries ; Ecological zonation ; Licensing ; Fish poisoning ; Catching methods ; Illegal fishing ; Explosive fishing ; Fishing gear ; Season regulations ; Fishing grounds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 15
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26295 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 08:39:12 | 26295 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Thailand ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 53-58
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  • 16
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26292 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:43:09 | 26292 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 20-37
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  • 17
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    Tuna resource exploration with longline in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26258 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 06:00:19 | 26258 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An exploratory tuna longline fishing survey was conducted using the research and training vessels of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, the 1,178 GT MV SEAFDEC and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the 165 GT MV MAYA-MAYA in the South China Sea Waters, West of the Philippines from April to May, 1998. A total of 3,796 hooks was set in sixteen (16) fishing stations. There were no tuna caught during the entire survey but only minor and irrelevant species like the Pacific lancetfish, sharks and an opah species, Lampris guttatus. The important fishing and oceanographic factors during the survey and other research results on longline are described and analyzed. Additional longline studies within and near the Philippines territorial waters are also presented to substantiate the research results of the joint SEAFDEC/BFAR resource exploratory.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Longlining ; Tuna fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26299 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:00:01 | 26299 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 71-74
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26300 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:58:36 | 26300 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 75-83
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26307 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:35:56 | 26307 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indonesia ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116-123
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26303 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:51:15 | 26303 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Thailand ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Dried products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 100-105
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26309 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:49:31 | 26309 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Fish ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129-133
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Determination of K value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26826 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:56:12 | 26826 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of K value which is an index to measure the enzymatic freshness of fish and squid. Specifically, reagents, apparatus and the analytical procedures needed and the calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Freshness testing paper (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26825 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:52:35 | 26825 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in measuring K value in fish meat by means of the freshness testing paper technique.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
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    Determination of physical properties of meat: Measurement of pH (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26802 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:28:20 | 26802 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the measurement of pH in the fresh fish meat. Specifically, the procedures in sampling and sample preparation, apparatus and reagents required, and the analytical procedures are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; pH
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of starch (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26842 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:54:48 | 26842 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Starch is commonly used in the production of fish jelly products as an extender and as binding agent. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of starch in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the starch in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Starch ; Additives ; Food additives
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    Red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26881 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:46:02 | 26881 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Monitoring and investigative work undertaken in the Philippines regarding dinoflagellate blooms are described. Chronological observations of the occurrence of red tides, aerial surveys, spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate and the physical environment are discussed. Fishing and the examination of gut content of fish and mussels and bioassay tests are detailed. Incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines are considered briefly.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Environmental monitoring ; Red tides ; Public health ; Medicine ; Dangerous organisms ; Philippines
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    Format: 52-79
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning phenomena in Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26885 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:23:34 | 26885 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A report is made of the first incidence occurring of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand in May 1983, following an extensive bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum. Investigations undertaken regarding the source of the toxicity are outlined.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Biological poisons ; Public health ; Red tides ; Shellfish ; Dangerous organisms ; Thailand
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    Format: 90-91
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26879 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:54:38 | 26879 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A brief account is given of recent cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia, and toxicological studies undertaken. Hydrography surveys, underwater observations after the occurrence of the red tides and plankton studies and monitoring of red tides are discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Shellfish ; Toxicity tests ; Red tides ; Public health ; Dangerous organisms ; Malaysia
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    Format: 35-42
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio cholera (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26852 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:36:44 | 26852 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Cholera is an acute specific infection caused by the organism, Vibrio cholera. Diagnosis may be confirmed by the presence of large numbers of the comma-shaped bacilli on direct microscopic examination of a fecal or vomitus smear, and by the isolation of the organism on culture. Fish and shellfish have been identified as vehicles of cholera. Large numbers of V. cholera must usually be ingested to cause cholera. Thus problems often occur when poor handling and inadequate refrigeration have allowed the organism to multiply. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio cholerae
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    Fisheries statistics in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26890 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:01:29 | 26890 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Fishery statistics in Brunei Darussalam have been collected by the Department of Fisheries since the 1940s. In the early 1980s, a number of statistics were collected, such as catch and effort data of artisanal fishermen, aquaculture statistics, processing statistics as well as data from major wet markets focusing on the amount, prices of marketed fish either from the local fishermen or imported. In 1984, the collection of statistics on commercial fishing was started. The statistics have been used in the formulation of fishery management and development policies as well as for sectoral development. Following a brief account of the responsibility and statistic collections of the Department of Fisheries, an examination is made of employment in the fishery sector, fisheries production, fish marketed and the GDP for the fishery industry. Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam is a very healthy industry, where production is well below the maximum allowable harvestable limit of 20,000 tons at 30%. The Department is embarking to increase production from the capture fishery to reduce the country's dependence on imported fish; the same applies for aquaculture, in order to complement production from the capture fisheries. The processing sector is also increasing in importance, especially with the increase in the number of capture fishery licenses, and the demand for quality and value-added products.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture statistics ; Fish catch statistics ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery development ; Marine ; Brackish ; Freshwater
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of salt (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26843 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:52:55 | 26843 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Sodium chloride is an important additive for the production of fish jelly products. It extracts the salt soluble protein to give the gel strength of the final product. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the amount of sodium chloride in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the salt in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Salts ; Sodium chloride
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26851 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:29:31 | 26851 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne infection resulting from the ingestion of a large number of this organism (about 106-109 viable cells). The major symptoms are diarrhea and abdominal pain with headache, fever, and vomiting also occurring. The organisms are excreted during the acute stage of the illness after which they decrease rapidly. The differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus from other pathogenic species of Vibrio is based mainly on salt tolerance, Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, and growth at 43°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; Vibrio cholerae
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    A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: All cancers carry somatic mutations. A subset of these somatic alterations, termed driver mutations, confer selective growth advantage and are implicated in cancer development, whereas the remainder are passengers. Here we have sequenced the genomes of a malignant melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line from the same person, providing the first comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from an individual cancer. The catalogue provides remarkable insights into the forces that have shaped this cancer genome. The dominant mutational signature reflects DNA damage due to ultraviolet light exposure, a known risk factor for malignant melanoma, whereas the uneven distribution of mutations across the genome, with a lower prevalence in gene footprints, indicates that DNA repair has been preferentially deployed towards transcribed regions. The results illustrate the power of a cancer genome sequence to reveal traces of the DNA damage, repair, mutation and selection processes that were operative years before the cancer became symptomatic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pleasance, Erin D -- Cheetham, R Keira -- Stephens, Philip J -- McBride, David J -- Humphray, Sean J -- Greenman, Chris D -- Varela, Ignacio -- Lin, Meng-Lay -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Bignell, Graham R -- Ye, Kai -- Alipaz, Julie -- Bauer, Markus J -- Beare, David -- Butler, Adam -- Carter, Richard J -- Chen, Lina -- Cox, Anthony J -- Edkins, Sarah -- Kokko-Gonzales, Paula I -- Gormley, Niall A -- Grocock, Russell J -- Haudenschild, Christian D -- Hims, Matthew M -- James, Terena -- Jia, Mingming -- Kingsbury, Zoya -- Leroy, Catherine -- Marshall, John -- Menzies, Andrew -- Mudie, Laura J -- Ning, Zemin -- Royce, Tom -- Schulz-Trieglaff, Ole B -- Spiridou, Anastassia -- Stebbings, Lucy A -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Teague, Jon -- Williamson, David -- Chin, Lynda -- Ross, Mark T -- Campbell, Peter J -- Bentley, David R -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Stratton, Michael R -- 077012/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093867/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):191-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08658. Epub 2009 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics ; Male ; Melanoma/etiology/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Precision Medicine ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    No bull: genes for better milk (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 22;457(7228):369. doi: 10.1038/457369a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breeding/economics/*methods ; Cattle/*genetics ; Dairying/economics/*methods ; Female ; Internationality ; Male ; Milk/*secretion/*standards ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 36
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    Linking the p53 tumour suppressor pathway to somatic cell reprogramming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-12
    Description: Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been accomplished by expressing pluripotency factors and oncogenes, but the low frequency and tendency to induce malignant transformation compromise the clinical utility of this powerful approach. We address both issues by investigating the mechanisms limiting reprogramming efficiency in somatic cells. Here we show that reprogramming factors can activate the p53 (also known as Trp53 in mice, TP53 in humans) pathway. Reducing signalling to p53 by expressing a mutated version of one of its negative regulators, by deleting or knocking down p53 or its target gene, p21 (also known as Cdkn1a), or by antagonizing reprogramming-induced apoptosis in mouse fibroblasts increases reprogramming efficiency. Notably, decreasing p53 protein levels enabled fibroblasts to give rise to iPS cells capable of generating germline-transmitting chimaeric mice using only Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) and Sox2. Furthermore, silencing of p53 significantly increased the reprogramming efficiency of human somatic cells. These results provide insights into reprogramming mechanisms and suggest new routes to more efficient reprogramming while minimizing the use of oncogenes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735889/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735889/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawamura, Teruhisa -- Suzuki, Jotaro -- Wang, Yunyuan V -- Menendez, Sergio -- Morera, Laura Batlle -- Raya, Angel -- Wahl, Geoffrey M -- Izpisua Belmonte, Juan Carlos -- 5 R01 CA061449/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 R01 CA100845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA061449/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA061449-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA100845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA100845-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL088293/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL088293-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1140-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08311. Epub 2009 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/*physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Reconstructing Indian population history (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: India has been underrepresented in genome-wide surveys of human variation. We analyse 25 diverse groups in India to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the 'Ancestral North Indians' (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans, whereas the other, the 'Ancestral South Indians' (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other. By introducing methods that can estimate ancestry without accurate ancestral populations, we show that ANI ancestry ranges from 39-71% in most Indian groups, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers. Groups with only ASI ancestry may no longer exist in mainland India. However, the indigenous Andaman Islanders are unique in being ASI-related groups without ANI ancestry. Allele frequency differences between groups in India are larger than in Europe, reflecting strong founder effects whose signatures have been maintained for thousands of years owing to endogamy. We therefore predict that there will be an excess of recessive diseases in India, which should be possible to screen and map genetically.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842210/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842210/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, David -- Thangaraj, Kumarasamy -- Patterson, Nick -- Price, Alkes L -- Singh, Lalji -- HG004168/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG006399/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004168/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004168-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):489-94. doi: 10.1038/nature08365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Recessive/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Geography ; Humans ; India ; Language ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics ; Male ; Middle East/ethnology ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Principal Component Analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordial germ-cell and haploid gamete formation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-30
    Description: The leading cause of infertility in men and women is quantitative and qualitative defects in human germ-cell (oocyte and sperm) development. Yet, it has not been possible to examine the unique developmental genetics of human germ-cell formation and differentiation owing to inaccessibility of germ cells during fetal development. Although several studies have shown that germ cells can be differentiated from mouse and human embryonic stem cells, human germ cells differentiated in these studies generally did not develop beyond the earliest stages. Here we used a germ-cell reporter to quantify and isolate primordial germ cells derived from both male and female human embryonic stem cells. By silencing and overexpressing genes that encode germ-cell-specific cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins (not transcription factors), we modulated human germ-cell formation and developmental progression. We observed that human DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like) functions in primordial germ-cell formation, whereas closely related genes DAZ and BOULE (also called BOLL) promote later stages of meiosis and development of haploid gametes. These results are significant to the generation of gametes for future basic science and potential clinical applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133736/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133736/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kee, Kehkooi -- Angeles, Vanessa T -- Flores, Martha -- Nguyen, Ha Nam -- Reijo Pera, Renee A -- R01 HD047721/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047721-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD047721/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD055764-015755/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 12;462(7270):222-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08562. Epub 2009 Oct 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Count ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Reporter ; Germ Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; *Haploidy ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Organ Specificity ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keele, Brandon F -- Jones, James Holland -- Terio, Karen A -- Estes, Jacob D -- Rudicell, Rebecca S -- Wilson, Michael L -- Li, Yingying -- Learn, Gerald H -- Beasley, T Mark -- Schumacher-Stankey, Joann -- Wroblewski, Emily -- Mosser, Anna -- Raphael, Jane -- Kamenya, Shadrack -- Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V -- Travis, Dominic A -- Mlengeya, Titus -- Kinsel, Michael J -- Else, James G -- Silvestri, Guido -- Goodall, Jane -- Sharp, Paul M -- Shaw, George M -- Pusey, Anne E -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- HHSN266200400088C/PHS HHS/ -- P30 AI 27767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-21A17134/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI50529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI58715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854-059010/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):515-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology ; Africa ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/*virology ; Prevalence ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/epidemiology/immunology/*mortality/*pathology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*physiology
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    Changes of mind in decision-making (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-21
    Description: A decision is a commitment to a proposition or plan of action based on evidence and the expected costs and benefits associated with the outcome. Progress in a variety of fields has led to a quantitative understanding of the mechanisms that evaluate evidence and reach a decision. Several formalisms propose that a representation of noisy evidence is evaluated against a criterion to produce a decision. Without additional evidence, however, these formalisms fail to explain why a decision-maker would change their mind. Here we extend a model, developed to account for both the timing and the accuracy of the initial decision, to explain subsequent changes of mind. Subjects made decisions about a noisy visual stimulus, which they indicated by moving a handle. Although they received no additional information after initiating their movement, their hand trajectories betrayed a change of mind in some trials. We propose that noisy evidence is accumulated over time until it reaches a criterion level, or bound, which determines the initial decision, and that the brain exploits information that is in the processing pipeline when the initial decision is made to subsequently either reverse or reaffirm the initial decision. The model explains both the frequency of changes of mind as well as their dependence on both task difficulty and whether the initial decision was accurate or erroneous. The theoretical and experimental findings advance the understanding of decision-making to the highly flexible and cognitive acts of vacillation and self-correction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875179/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875179/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Resulaj, Arbora -- Kiani, Roozbeh -- Wolpert, Daniel M -- Shadlen, Michael N -- 077730/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- EY11378/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):263-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08275. Epub 2009 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational and Biological Learning Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computers ; Cues ; Decision Making/*physiology ; Female ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Psychological ; Motion ; Movement ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reaction Time ; Time Factors
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    Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic stem cells (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-28
    Description: Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells and contain their own genome (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Unlike the nuclear genome, which is derived from both the egg and sperm at fertilization, the mtDNA in the embryo is derived almost exclusively from the egg; that is, it is of maternal origin. Mutations in mtDNA contribute to a diverse range of currently incurable human diseases and disorders. To establish preclinical models for new therapeutic approaches, we demonstrate here that the mitochondrial genome can be efficiently replaced in mature non-human primate oocytes (Macaca mulatta) by spindle-chromosomal complex transfer from one egg to an enucleated, mitochondrial-replete egg. The reconstructed oocytes with the mitochondrial replacement were capable of supporting normal fertilization, embryo development and produced healthy offspring. Genetic analysis confirmed that nuclear DNA in the three infants born so far originated from the spindle donors whereas mtDNA came from the cytoplast donors. No contribution of spindle donor mtDNA was detected in offspring. Spindle replacement is shown here as an efficient protocol replacing the full complement of mitochondria in newly generated embryonic stem cell lines. This approach may offer a reproductive option to prevent mtDNA disease transmission in affected families.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachibana, Masahito -- Sparman, Michelle -- Sritanaudomchai, Hathaitip -- Ma, Hong -- Clepper, Lisa -- Woodward, Joy -- Li, Ying -- Ramsey, Cathy -- Kolotushkina, Olena -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- P01 HD047675/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-01A17045/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486766/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486775/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486819/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496038/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496045/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496074/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496136/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496137/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121-01A2/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632-10/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):367-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08368. Epub 2009 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon National Primate Research Center, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genes, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Macaca mulatta/embryology/*genetics ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/prevention & control ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
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    Neurotransmission selectively regulates synapse formation in parallel circuits in vivo (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-21
    Description: Activity is thought to guide the patterning of synaptic connections in the developing nervous system. Specifically, differences in the activity of converging inputs are thought to cause the elimination of synapses from less active inputs and increase connectivity with more active inputs. Here we present findings that challenge the generality of this notion and offer a new view of the role of activity in synapse development. To imbalance neurotransmission from different sets of inputs in vivo, we generated transgenic mice in which ON but not OFF types of bipolar cells in the retina express tetanus toxin (TeNT). During development, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) select between ON and OFF bipolar cell inputs (ON or OFF RGCs) or establish a similar number of synapses with both on separate dendritic arborizations (ON-OFF RGCs). In TeNT retinas, ON RGCs correctly selected the silenced ON bipolar cell inputs over the transmitting OFF bipolar cells, but were connected with them through fewer synapses at maturity. Time-lapse imaging revealed that this was caused by a reduced rate of synapse formation rather than an increase in synapse elimination. Similarly, TeNT-expressing ON bipolar cell axons generated fewer presynaptic active zones. The remaining active zones often recruited multiple, instead of single, synaptic ribbons. ON-OFF RGCs in TeNT mice maintained convergence of ON and OFF bipolar cells inputs and had fewer synapses on their ON arbor without changes to OFF arbor synapses. Our results reveal an unexpected and remarkably selective role for activity in circuit development in vivo, regulating synapse formation but not elimination, affecting synapse number but not dendritic or axonal patterning, and mediating independently the refinement of connections from parallel (ON and OFF) processing streams even where they converge onto the same postsynaptic cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerschensteiner, Daniel -- Morgan, Josh L -- Parker, Edward D -- Lewis, Renate M -- Wong, Rachel O L -- EY01730/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10699/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY010699/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY010699-16/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 EY07031/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1016-20. doi: 10.1038/nature08236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. KerschensteinerD@vision.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Retinal Bipolar Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology ; Tetanus Toxin/genetics/metabolism
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    Sex determination: Birds do it with a Z gene (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graves, Jennifer A Marshall -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):177-8. doi: 10.1038/461177a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19741690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/*genetics/*physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Ovary/embryology/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Testis/embryology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism
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    Being human: love: neuroscience reveals all (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Larry J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):148. doi: 10.1038/457148a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. lyoun03@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/genetics/physiology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Love ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics/metabolism ; Sexual Behavior/drug effects/physiology ; Vasopressins/*metabolism
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    Behaviour: Flies on film (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchen, Lizzie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):562-4. doi: 10.1038/462562a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Behavioral Research/*instrumentation/methods ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Software ; Video Recording/instrumentation/methods
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    Famous brain set to go under the knife (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchen, Lizzie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):403. doi: 10.1038/462403a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*anatomy & histology/pathology/*physiology/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping/methods/trends ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Molecular Imaging/methods/trends ; Neuroanatomy/*methods/trends
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    Game theory: How to treat those of ill repute (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockenbach, Bettina -- Milinski, Manfred -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 1;457(7225):39-40. doi: 10.1038/457039a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19122632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; *Punishment/psychology
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    Research into group differences isn't wrong, just pointless (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, Steven -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):35. doi: 10.1038/462035c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; *Ethics, Research ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/*genetics ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States, with estimates of 4 million HCV-infected individuals in the United States and 170 million worldwide. Most (70-80%) HCV infections persist and about 30% of individuals with persistent infection develop chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological, viral and host factors have been associated with the differences in HCV clearance or persistence, and studies have demonstrated that a strong host immune response against HCV favours viral clearance. Thus, variation in genes involved in the immune response may contribute to the ability to clear the virus. In a recent genome-wide association study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs12979860) 3 kilobases upstream of the IL28B gene, which encodes the type III interferon IFN-3, was shown to associate strongly with more than a twofold difference in response to HCV drug treatment. To determine the potential effect of rs12979860 variation on outcome to HCV infection in a natural history setting, we genotyped this variant in HCV cohorts comprised of individuals who spontaneously cleared the virus (n = 388) or had persistent infection (n = 620). We show that the C/C genotype strongly enhances resolution of HCV infection among individuals of both European and African ancestry. To our knowledge, this is the strongest and most significant genetic effect associated with natural clearance of HCV, and these results implicate a primary role for IL28B in resolution of HCV infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, David L -- Thio, Chloe L -- Martin, Maureen P -- Qi, Ying -- Ge, Dongliang -- O'Huigin, Colm -- Kidd, Judith -- Kidd, Kenneth -- Khakoo, Salim I -- Alexander, Graeme -- Goedert, James J -- Kirk, Gregory D -- Donfield, Sharyne M -- Rosen, Hugo R -- Tobler, Leslie H -- Busch, Michael P -- McHutchison, John G -- Goldstein, David B -- Carrington, Mary -- HHSN261200800001E/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA013324/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DK60590/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HD41224/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HL076902/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):798-801. doi: 10.1038/nature08463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa/ethnology ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/drug effects/*immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/*genetics/*immunology/virology ; Humans ; Interleukins/*genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
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    A role for a neo-sex chromosome in stickleback speciation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-29
    Description: Sexual antagonism, or conflict between the sexes, has been proposed as a driving force in both sex-chromosome turnover and speciation. Although closely related species often have different sex-chromosome systems, it is unknown whether sex-chromosome turnover contributes to the evolution of reproductive isolation between species. Here we show that a newly evolved sex chromosome contains genes that contribute to speciation in threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We first identified a neo-sex chromosome system found only in one member of a sympatric species pair in Japan. We then performed genetic linkage mapping of male-specific traits important for reproductive isolation between the Japanese species pair. The neo-X chromosome contains loci for male courtship display traits that contribute to behavioural isolation, whereas the ancestral X chromosome contains loci for both behavioural isolation and hybrid male sterility. Our work not only provides strong evidence for a large X-effect on reproductive isolation in a vertebrate system, but also provides direct evidence that a young neo-X chromosome contributes to reproductive isolation between closely related species. Our data indicate that sex-chromosome turnover might have a greater role in speciation than was previously appreciated.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776091/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776091/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitano, Jun -- Ross, Joseph A -- Mori, Seiichi -- Kume, Manabu -- Jones, Felicity C -- Chan, Yingguang F -- Absher, Devin M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Myers, Richard M -- Kingsley, David M -- Peichel, Catherine L -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568-08/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG02568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM071854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM071854-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1079-83. doi: 10.1038/nature08441. Epub 2009 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; *Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility, Male/genetics ; Japan ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reproduction/genetics/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Smegmamorpha/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Social Isolation ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    HDAC2 negatively regulates memory formation and synaptic plasticity (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Chromatin modifications, especially histone-tail acetylation, have been implicated in memory formation. Increased histone-tail acetylation induced by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis) facilitates learning and memory in wild-type mice as well as in mouse models of neurodegeneration. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of HDACis requires knowledge of the specific HDAC family member(s) linked to cognitive enhancement. Here we show that neuron-specific overexpression of HDAC2, but not that of HDAC1, decreased dendritic spine density, synapse number, synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Conversely, Hdac2 deficiency resulted in increased synapse number and memory facilitation, similar to chronic treatment with HDACis in mice. Notably, reduced synapse number and learning impairment of HDAC2-overexpressing mice were ameliorated by chronic treatment with HDACis. Correspondingly, treatment with HDACis failed to further facilitate memory formation in Hdac2-deficient mice. Furthermore, analysis of promoter occupancy revealed an association of HDAC2 with the promoters of genes implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Taken together, our results suggest that HDAC2 functions in modulating synaptic plasticity and long-lasting changes of neural circuits, which in turn negatively regulates learning and memory. These observations encourage the development and testing of HDAC2-selective inhibitors for human diseases associated with memory impairment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498958/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498958/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guan, Ji-Song -- Haggarty, Stephen J -- Giacometti, Emanuela -- Dannenberg, Jan-Hermen -- Joseph, Nadine -- Gao, Jun -- Nieland, Thomas J F -- Zhou, Ying -- Wang, Xinyu -- Mazitschek, Ralph -- Bradner, James E -- DePinho, Ronald A -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Tsai, Li-Huei -- R01 DA028301/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA028301-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS051874/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 7;459(7243):55-60. doi: 10.1038/nature07925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19424149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butyrates/pharmacology ; Dendritic Spines/physiology ; Electrical Synapses/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylase 1 ; Histone Deacetylase 2 ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Histone Deacetylases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Sodium/pharmacology
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    iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-13
    Description: Since the initial description of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells created by forced expression of four transcription factors in mouse fibroblasts, the technique has been used to generate embryonic stem (ES)-cell-like pluripotent cells from a variety of cell types in other species, including primates and rat. It has become a popular means to reprogram somatic genomes into an embryonic-like pluripotent state, and a preferred alternative to somatic-cell nuclear transfer and somatic-cell fusion with ES cells. However, iPS cell reprogramming remains slow and inefficient. Notably, no live animals have been produced by the most stringent tetraploid complementation assay, indicative of a failure to create fully pluripotent cells. Here we report the generation of several iPS cell lines that are capable of generating viable, fertile live-born progeny by tetraploid complementation. These iPS cells maintain a pluripotent potential that is very close to ES cells generated from in vivo or nuclear transfer embryos. We demonstrate the practicality of using iPS cells as useful tools for the characterization of cellular reprogramming and developmental potency, and confirm that iPS cells can attain true pluripotency that is similar to that of ES cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Xiao-yang -- Li, Wei -- Lv, Zhuo -- Liu, Lei -- Tong, Man -- Hai, Tang -- Hao, Jie -- Guo, Chang-long -- Ma, Qing-wen -- Wang, Liu -- Zeng, Fanyi -- Zhou, Qi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):86-90. doi: 10.1038/nature08267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Cell Dedifferentiation/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; *Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Reproductive Techniques ; Survival Rate ; Teratoma
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    Reproductive skew and selection on female ornamentation in social species (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Male animals are typically more elaborately ornamented than females. Classic sexual selection theory notes that because sperm are cheaper to produce than eggs, and because males generally compete more intensely for reproductive opportunities and invest less in parental care than females, males can obtain greater fitness benefits from mating multiply. Therefore, sexual selection typically results in male-biased sex differences in secondary sexual characters. This generality has recently been questioned, because in cooperatively breeding vertebrates, the strength of selection on traits used in intrasexual competition for access to mates (sexual selection) or other resources linked to reproduction (social selection) is similar in males and females. Because selection is acting with comparable intensity in both sexes in cooperatively breeding species, the degree of sexual dimorphism in traits used in intrasexual competition should be reduced in cooperative breeders. Here we use the socially diverse African starlings (Sturnidae) to demonstrate that the degree of sexual dimorphism in plumage and body size is reduced in cooperatively breeding species as a result of increased selection on females for traits that increase access to reproductive opportunities, other resources, or higher social status. In cooperative breeders such as these, where there is unequal sharing of reproduction (reproductive skew) among females, and where female dominance rank influences access to mates and other resources, intrasexual competition among females may be intense and ultimately select for female trait elaboration. Selection is thereby acting with different intensities on males and females in cooperatively versus non-cooperatively breeding species, and female-female interactions in group-living vertebrates will have important consequences for the evolution of female morphological, physiological and behavioural traits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubenstein, Dustin R -- Lovette, Irby J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):786-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA. dr2497@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Body Size/physiology ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Mating Preference, Animal/*physiology ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Starlings/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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    A lifesaving arrangement (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):236. doi: 10.1038/457236a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug ; therapy/economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; *Leadership ; Male ; Sexual Abstinence ; United States/epidemiology
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    Parental origin of sequence variants associated with complex diseases (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: Effects of susceptibility variants may depend on from which parent they are inherited. Although many associations between sequence variants and human traits have been discovered through genome-wide associations, the impact of parental origin has largely been ignored. Here we show that for 38,167 Icelanders genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips, the parental origin of most alleles can be determined. For this we used a combination of genealogy and long-range phasing. We then focused on SNPs that associate with diseases and are within 500 kilobases of known imprinted genes. Seven independent SNP associations were examined. Five-one with breast cancer, one with basal-cell carcinoma and three with type 2 diabetes-have parental-origin-specific associations. These variants are located in two genomic regions, 11p15 and 7q32, each harbouring a cluster of imprinted genes. Furthermore, we observed a novel association between the SNP rs2334499 at 11p15 and type 2 diabetes. Here the allele that confers risk when paternally inherited is protective when maternally transmitted. We identified a differentially methylated CTCF-binding site at 11p15 and demonstrated correlation of rs2334499 with decreased methylation of that site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746295/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746295/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kong, Augustine -- Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur -- Masson, Gisli -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Sulem, Patrick -- Besenbacher, Soren -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Kristinsson, Kari Th -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Frigge, Michael L -- Gylfason, Arnaldur -- Olason, Pall I -- Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A -- Sverrisson, Sverrir -- Stacey, Simon N -- Sigurgeirsson, Bardur -- Benediktsdottir, Kristrun R -- Sigurdsson, Helgi -- Jonsson, Thorvaldur -- Benediktsson, Rafn -- Olafsson, Jon H -- Johannsson, Oskar Th -- Hreidarsson, Astradur B -- Sigurdsson, Gunnar -- DIAGRAM Consortium -- Ferguson-Smith, Anne C -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Stefansson, Kari -- 077016/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G9723500/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K08 AR055688/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179474/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127592696/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DK029867/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):868-74. doi: 10.1038/nature08625.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. kong@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; *Fathers ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; *Mothers ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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    A regulatory circuit for piwi by the large Maf gene traffic jam in Drosophila (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence retrotransposons in Drosophila germ lines by associating with the PIWI proteins Argonaute 3 (AGO3), Aubergine (Aub) and Piwi. piRNAs in Drosophila are produced from intergenic repetitive genes and piRNA clusters by two systems: the primary processing pathway and the amplification loop. The amplification loop occurs in a Dicer-independent, PIWI-Slicer-dependent manner. However, primary piRNA processing remains elusive. Here we analysed piRNA processing in a Drosophila ovarian somatic cell line where Piwi, but not Aub or AGO3, is expressed; thus, only the primary piRNAs exist. In addition to flamenco, a Piwi-specific piRNA cluster, traffic jam (tj), a large Maf gene, was determined as a new piRNA cluster. piRNAs arising from tj correspond to the untranslated regions of tj messenger RNA and are sense-oriented. piRNA loading on to Piwi may occur in the cytoplasm. zucchini, a gene encoding a putative cytoplasmic nuclease, is required for tj-derived piRNA production. In tj and piwi mutant ovaries, somatic cells fail to intermingle with germ cells and Fasciclin III is overexpressed. Loss of tj abolishes Piwi expression in gonadal somatic cells. Thus, in gonadal somatic cells, tj gives rise simultaneously to two different molecules: the TJ protein, which activates Piwi expression, and piRNAs, which define the Piwi targets for silencing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saito, Kuniaki -- Inagaki, Sachi -- Mituyama, Toutai -- Kawamura, Yoshinori -- Ono, Yukiteru -- Sakota, Eri -- Kotani, Hazuki -- Asai, Kiyoshi -- Siomi, Haruhiko -- Siomi, Mikiko C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1296-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08501. Epub 2009 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, Insect/genetics ; Genetic Loci/genetics ; Maf Transcription Factors, Large/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Ovary/cytology/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/genetics/*metabolism ; Testis/cytology/metabolism
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    Mutation load and rapid adaptation favour outcrossing over self-fertilization (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-23
    Description: The tendency of organisms to reproduce by cross-fertilization despite numerous disadvantages relative to self-fertilization is one of the oldest puzzles in evolutionary biology. For many species, the primary obstacle to the evolution of outcrossing is the cost of production of males, individuals that do not directly contribute offspring and thus diminish the long-term reproductive output of a lineage. Self-fertilizing ('selfing') organisms do not incur the cost of males and therefore should possess at least a twofold numerical advantage over most outcrossing organisms. Two competing explanations for the widespread prevalence of outcrossing in nature despite this inherent disadvantage are the avoidance of inbreeding depression generated by selfing and the ability of outcrossing populations to adapt more rapidly to environmental change. Here we show that outcrossing is favoured in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans subject to experimental evolution both under conditions of increased mutation rate and during adaptation to a novel environment. In general, fitness increased with increasing rates of outcrossing. Thus, each of the standard explanations for the maintenance of outcrossing are correct, and it is likely that outcrossing is the predominant mode of reproduction in most species because it is favoured under ecological conditions that are ubiquitous in natural environments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183137/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183137/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morran, Levi T -- Parmenter, Michelle D -- Phillips, Patrick C -- T32 GM007413/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):350-2. doi: 10.1038/nature08496. Epub 2009 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5289, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; *Crosses, Genetic ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics
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    Diagnostics: The prostate-cancer metabolome (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abate-Shen, Cory -- Shen, Michael M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):799-800. doi: 10.1038/457799a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; *Metabolome ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Sarcosine/metabolism
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    Human genomics: The genome finishers (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dolgin, Elie -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):843-5. doi: 10.1038/462843a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; *Research Personnel ; Research Subjects
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    Gain-of-function of mutated C-CBL tumour suppressor in myeloid neoplasms (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-22
    Description: Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) is a common feature of cancer genomes, leading to loss of heterozygosity. aUPD is associated not only with loss-of-function mutations of tumour suppressor genes, but also with gain-of-function mutations of proto-oncogenes. Here we show unique gain-of-function mutations of the C-CBL (also known as CBL) tumour suppressor that are tightly associated with aUPD of the 11q arm in myeloid neoplasms showing myeloproliferative features. The C-CBL proto-oncogene, a cellular homologue of v-Cbl, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase and negatively regulates signal transduction of tyrosine kinases. Homozygous C-CBL mutations were found in most 11q-aUPD-positive myeloid malignancies. Although the C-CBL mutations were oncogenic in NIH3T3 cells, c-Cbl was shown to functionally and genetically act as a tumour suppressor. C-CBL mutants did not have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, but inhibited that of wild-type C-CBL and CBL-B (also known as CBLB), leading to prolonged activation of tyrosine kinases after cytokine stimulation. c-Cbl(-/-) haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) showed enhanced sensitivity to a variety of cytokines compared to c-Cbl(+/+) HSPCs, and transduction of C-CBL mutants into c-Cbl(-/-) HSPCs further augmented their sensitivities to a broader spectrum of cytokines, including stem-cell factor (SCF, also known as KITLG), thrombopoietin (TPO, also known as THPO), IL3 and FLT3 ligand (FLT3LG), indicating the presence of a gain-of-function that could not be attributed to a simple loss-of-function. The gain-of-function effects of C-CBL mutants on cytokine sensitivity of HSPCs largely disappeared in a c-Cbl(+/+) background or by co-transduction of wild-type C-CBL, which suggests the pathogenic importance of loss of wild-type C-CBL alleles found in most cases of C-CBL-mutated myeloid neoplasms. Our findings provide a new insight into a role of gain-of-function mutations of a tumour suppressor associated with aUPD in the pathogenesis of some myeloid cancer subsets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanada, Masashi -- Suzuki, Takahiro -- Shih, Lee-Yung -- Otsu, Makoto -- Kato, Motohiro -- Yamazaki, Satoshi -- Tamura, Azusa -- Honda, Hiroaki -- Sakata-Yanagimoto, Mamiko -- Kumano, Keiki -- Oda, Hideaki -- Yamagata, Tetsuya -- Takita, Junko -- Gotoh, Noriko -- Nakazaki, Kumi -- Kawamata, Norihiko -- Onodera, Masafumi -- Nobuyoshi, Masaharu -- Hayashi, Yasuhide -- Harada, Hiroshi -- Kurokawa, Mineo -- Chiba, Shigeru -- Mori, Hiraku -- Ozawa, Keiya -- Omine, Mitsuhiro -- Hirai, Hisamaru -- Nakauchi, Hiromitsu -- Koeffler, H Phillip -- Ogawa, Seishi -- 2R01CA026038-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):904-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08240. Epub 2009 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genomics Project, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allelic Imbalance ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Nude ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Uniparental Disomy/genetics ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Distinctive chromatin in human sperm packages genes for embryo development (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-16
    Description: Because nucleosomes are widely replaced by protamine in mature human sperm, the epigenetic contributions of sperm chromatin to embryo development have been considered highly limited. Here we show that the retained nucleosomes are significantly enriched at loci of developmental importance, including imprinted gene clusters, microRNA clusters, HOX gene clusters, and the promoters of stand-alone developmental transcription and signalling factors. Notably, histone modifications localize to particular developmental loci. Dimethylated lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me2) is enriched at certain developmental promoters, whereas large blocks of H3K4me3 localize to a subset of developmental promoters, regions in HOX clusters, certain noncoding RNAs, and generally to paternally expressed imprinted loci, but not paternally repressed loci. Notably, trimethylated H3K27 (H3K27me3) is significantly enriched at developmental promoters that are repressed in early embryos, including many bivalent (H3K4me3/H3K27me3) promoters in embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, developmental promoters are generally DNA hypomethylated in sperm, but acquire methylation during differentiation. Taken together, epigenetic marking in sperm is extensive, and correlated with developmental regulators.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2858064/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2858064/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammoud, Saher Sue -- Nix, David A -- Zhang, Haiying -- Purwar, Jahnvi -- Carrell, Douglas T -- Cairns, Bradley R -- CA16056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA24014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):473-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08162. Epub 2009 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19525931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes/*genetics ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism
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    Central control of fever and female body temperature by RANKL/RANK (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: Receptor-activator of NF-kappaB ligand (TNFSF11, also known as RANKL, OPGL, TRANCE and ODF) and its tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-family receptor RANK are essential regulators of bone remodelling, lymph node organogenesis and formation of a lactating mammary gland. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous system. However, the functional relevance of RANKL/RANK in the brain was entirely unknown. Here we report that RANKL and RANK have an essential role in the brain. In both mice and rats, central RANKL injections trigger severe fever. Using tissue-specific Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) deleter mice, the function of RANK in the fever response was genetically mapped to astrocytes. Importantly, Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) deleter mice are resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced fever as well as fever in response to the key inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha. Mechanistically, RANKL activates brain regions involved in thermoregulation and induces fever via the COX2-PGE(2)/EP3R pathway. Moreover, female Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) mice exhibit increased basal body temperatures, suggesting that RANKL and RANK control thermoregulation during normal female physiology. We also show that two children with RANK mutations exhibit impaired fever during pneumonia. These data identify an entirely novel and unexpected function for the key osteoclast differentiation factors RANKL/RANK in female thermoregulation and the central fever response in inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanada, Reiko -- Leibbrandt, Andreas -- Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Kitaoka, Shiho -- Furuyashiki, Tomoyuki -- Fujihara, Hiroaki -- Trichereau, Jean -- Paolino, Magdalena -- Qadri, Fatimunnisa -- Plehm, Ralph -- Klaere, Steffen -- Komnenovic, Vukoslav -- Mimata, Hiromitsu -- Yoshimatsu, Hironobu -- Takahashi, Naoyuki -- von Haeseler, Arndt -- Bader, Michael -- Kilic, Sara Sebnem -- Ueta, Yoichi -- Pifl, Christian -- Narumiya, Shuh -- Penninger, Josef M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):505-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects/*physiology ; Child ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Female ; Fever/*chemically induced/complications/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pneumonia/complications/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/administration & dosage/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype ; *Sex Characteristics
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    The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls X-chromosome pairing and counting (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-19
    Description: Pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled by defined transcription factors. During differentiation, mouse ES cells undergo global epigenetic reprogramming, as exemplified by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in which one female X chromosome is silenced to achieve gene dosage parity between the sexes. Somatic XCI is regulated by homologous X-chromosome pairing and counting, and by the random choice of future active and inactive X chromosomes. XCI and cell differentiation are tightly coupled, as blocking one process compromises the other and dedifferentiation of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells is accompanied by X chromosome reactivation. Recent evidence suggests coupling of Xist expression to pluripotency factors occurs, but how the two are interconnected remains unknown. Here we show that Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) lies at the top of the XCI hierarchy, and regulates XCI by triggering X-chromosome pairing and counting. Oct4 directly binds Tsix and Xite, two regulatory noncoding RNA genes of the X-inactivation centre, and also complexes with XCI trans-factors, Ctcf and Yy1 (ref. 17), through protein-protein interactions. Depletion of Oct4 blocks homologous X-chromosome pairing and results in the inactivation of both X chromosomes in female cells. Thus, we have identified the first trans-factor that regulates counting, and ascribed new functions to Oct4 during X-chromosome reprogramming.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donohoe, Mary E -- Silva, Susana S -- Pinter, Stefan F -- Xu, Na -- Lee, Jeannie T -- GM58839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):128-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08098. Epub 2009 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; X Chromosome/*genetics/*metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics ; YY1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
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    Biodiversity: Skates on thin ice (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dulvy, Nicholas K -- Reynolds, John D -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):417. doi: 10.1038/462417a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Classification ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species/trends ; Male ; Skates (Fish)/anatomy & histology/*classification
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    Advances in development reverse fertility declines (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myrskyla, Mikko -- Kohler, Hans-Peter -- Billari, Francesco C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):741-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; *Birth Rate/trends ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developed Countries/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Education ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Income ; Life Expectancy ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Population Growth ; Reproductive Behavior/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Technology/history/statistics & numerical data/trends
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    AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-06
    Description: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel gauge conserved along the evolutionary scale in eukaryotes that senses changes in the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio. Recent evidence indicated an important role for AMPK in the therapeutic benefits of metformin, thiazolidinediones and exercise, which form the cornerstones of the clinical management of type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic disorders. In general, activation of AMPK acts to maintain cellular energy stores, switching on catabolic pathways that produce ATP, mostly by enhancing oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, while switching off anabolic pathways that consume ATP. This regulation can take place acutely, through the regulation of fast post-translational events, but also by transcriptionally reprogramming the cell to meet energetic needs. Here we demonstrate that AMPK controls the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle by acting in coordination with another metabolic sensor, the NAD+-dependent type III deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1 activity by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, resulting in the deacetylation and modulation of the activity of downstream SIRT1 targets that include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha and the forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and O3 (FOXO3a) transcription factors. The AMPK-induced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of these targets explains many of the convergent biological effects of AMPK and SIRT1 on energy metabolism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616311/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3616311/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canto, Carles -- Gerhart-Hines, Zachary -- Feige, Jerome N -- Lagouge, Marie -- Noriega, Lilia -- Milne, Jill C -- Elliott, Peter J -- Puigserver, Pere -- Auwerx, Johan -- 231138/European Research Council/International -- DK069966/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK59820/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1056-60. doi: 10.1038/nature07813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19262508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Acetylation ; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives ; Animals ; Cell Line ; *Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Enzyme Activation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/enzymology/metabolism ; Mutation ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphorylation ; Ribonucleotides ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic
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    No final answers yet on sex determination in birds (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroiwa, Asato -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):34. doi: 10.1038/462034b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Testis/embryology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics
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    An anatomical signature for literacy (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: Language is a uniquely human ability that evolved at some point in the roughly 6,000,000 years since human and chimpanzee lines diverged. Even in the most linguistically impoverished environments, children naturally develop sophisticated language systems. In contrast, reading is a learnt skill that does not develop without intensive tuition and practice. Learning to read is likely to involve ontogenic structural brain changes, but these are nearly impossible to isolate in children owing to concurrent biological, environmental and social maturational changes. In Colombia, guerrillas are re-integrating into mainstream society and learning to read for the first time as adults. This presents a unique opportunity to investigate how literacy changes the brain, without the maturational complications present in children. Here we compare structural brain scans from those who learnt to read as adults (late-literates) with those from a carefully matched set of illiterates. Late-literates had more white matter in the splenium of the corpus callosum and more grey matter in bilateral angular, dorsal occipital, middle temporal, left supramarginal and superior temporal gyri. The importance of these brain regions for skilled reading was investigated in early literates, who learnt to read as children. We found anatomical connections linking the left and right angular and dorsal occipital gyri through the area of the corpus callosum where white matter was higher in late-literates than in illiterates; that reading, relative to object naming, increased the interhemispheric functional connectivity between the left and right angular gyri; and that activation in the left angular gyrus exerts top-down modulation on information flow from the left dorsal occipital gyrus to the left supramarginal gyrus. These findings demonstrate how the regions identified in late-literates interact during reading, relative to object naming, in early literates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carreiras, Manuel -- Seghier, Mohamed L -- Baquero, Silvia -- Estevez, Adelina -- Lozano, Alfonso -- Devlin, Joseph T -- Price, Cathy J -- 082420/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):983-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08461.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian 20009, Spain [2] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain. m.carreiras@bcbl.eu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Child ; Colombia ; Corpus Callosum/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; *Reading ; Speech/physiology ; Young Adult
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    Secreted semaphorins control spine distribution and morphogenesis in the postnatal CNS (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: The majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian CNS (central nervous system) are formed on dendritic spines, and spine morphology and distribution are critical for synaptic transmission, synaptic integration and plasticity. Here, we show that a secreted semaphorin, Sema3F, is a negative regulator of spine development and synaptic structure. Mice with null mutations in genes encoding Sema3F, and its holoreceptor components neuropilin-2 (Npn-2, also known as Nrp2) and plexin A3 (PlexA3, also known as Plxna3), exhibit increased dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell (GC) and cortical layer V pyramidal neuron spine number and size, and also aberrant spine distribution. Moreover, Sema3F promotes loss of spines and excitatory synapses in dissociated neurons in vitro, and in Npn-2(-/-) brain slices cortical layer V and DG GCs exhibit increased mEPSC (miniature excitatory postsynaptic current) frequency. In contrast, a distinct Sema3A-Npn-1/PlexA4 signalling cascade controls basal dendritic arborization in layer V cortical neurons, but does not influence spine morphogenesis or distribution. These disparate effects of secreted semaphorins are reflected in the restricted dendritic localization of Npn-2 to apical dendrites and of Npn-1 (also known as Nrp1) to all dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. Therefore, Sema3F signalling controls spine distribution along select dendritic processes, and distinct secreted semaphorin signalling events orchestrate CNS connectivity through the differential control of spine morphogenesis, synapse formation, and the elaboration of dendritic morphology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842559/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842559/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Tracy S -- Rubio, Maria E -- Clem, Roger L -- Johnson, Dontais -- Case, Lauren -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- Huganir, Richard L -- Ginty, David D -- Kolodkin, Alex L -- F32 NS051003/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH06883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC-006881/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059199/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059199-07/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059199-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059199-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059199-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH59199/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1065-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08628. Epub 2009 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/cytology/drug effects/*growth & ; development/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Neuropilin-2/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/*cytology/drug effects/*growth & development/ultrastructure ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Semaphorins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure
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    Idea of a love drug was no mystery to Shakespeare (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrenfeld, Joan G -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1079. doi: 10.1038/4571079d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aphrodisiacs/*history ; *Drama ; England ; Female ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; *Literature, Modern ; *Love ; Male ; Wit and Humor as Topic
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    ETS rearrangements and prostate cancer initiation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-13
    Description: The first recurrent translocation event in prostate cancer has been recently described; it results in the translocation of an ETS (E26 transformation specific) transcription factor (ERG or ETV1) to the TMPRSS2 promoter region, which contains androgen responsive elements. The TMPRSS2:ERG genetic rearrangement has been reported to occur in approximately 40% of primary prostate tumours (ETV1 genetic rearrangements occur at a much lower frequency), and it results in the aberrant androgen-regulated expression of ERG. Tomlins et al. concluded that ETS genetic rearrangements are sufficient to initiate prostate neoplasia. However, here we show that ETS genetic rearrangements may in fact represent progression events rather than initiation events in prostate tumorigenesis. To this end, we demonstrate that the prostate-specific overexpression of ERG does not initiate prostate tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carver, Brett S -- Tran, Jennifer -- Chen, Zhenbang -- Carracedo-Perez, Arkaitz -- Alimonti, Andrea -- Nardella, Caterina -- Gopalan, Anuradha -- Scardino, Peter T -- Cordon-Cardo, Carlos -- Gerald, William -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- P50 CA092629/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA092629-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082328/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082328-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MD004038/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084292/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084292-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):E1; discussion E2-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07738.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Demography: Babies make a comeback (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):693-4. doi: 10.1038/460693a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; *Birth Rate/trends ; Developed Countries/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Education ; Female ; Fertility/physiology ; Humans ; Income ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Population Growth ; Reproductive Behavior/*statistics & numerical data
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    Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: Inhibition of the TOR signalling pathway by genetic or pharmacological intervention extends lifespan in invertebrates, including yeast, nematodes and fruitflies; however, whether inhibition of mTOR signalling can extend lifespan in a mammalian species was unknown. Here we report that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, extends median and maximal lifespan of both male and female mice when fed beginning at 600 days of age. On the basis of age at 90% mortality, rapamycin led to an increase of 14% for females and 9% for males. The effect was seen at three independent test sites in genetically heterogeneous mice, chosen to avoid genotype-specific effects on disease susceptibility. Disease patterns of rapamycin-treated mice did not differ from those of control mice. In a separate study, rapamycin fed to mice beginning at 270 days of age also increased survival in both males and females, based on an interim analysis conducted near the median survival point. Rapamycin may extend lifespan by postponing death from cancer, by retarding mechanisms of ageing, or both. To our knowledge, these are the first results to demonstrate a role for mTOR signalling in the regulation of mammalian lifespan, as well as pharmacological extension of lifespan in both genders. These findings have implications for further development of interventions targeting mTOR for the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786175/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2786175/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, David E -- Strong, Randy -- Sharp, Zelton Dave -- Nelson, James F -- Astle, Clinton M -- Flurkey, Kevin -- Nadon, Nancy L -- Wilkinson, J Erby -- Frenkel, Krystyna -- Carter, Christy S -- Pahor, Marco -- Javors, Martin A -- Fernandez, Elizabeth -- Miller, Richard A -- AG022303/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG022307/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG022308/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG025707/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG13319/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG013319/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG013319-119002/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG013319-129002/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG013319-139002/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG013319-149002/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG025707/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022303/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022307-05S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG022308/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):392-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08221. Epub 2009 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA. david.harrison@jax.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Aging/*drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Diet ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Longevity/*drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Sirolimus/*administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Survival Analysis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Time Factors
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    Human genetics: Tracing India's invisible threads (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chakravarti, Aravinda -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):487-8. doi: 10.1038/461487a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/ethnology ; Continental Population Groups/genetics/history ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics/history ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; History, 16th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; India ; Language ; Male ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
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    An agenda for personalized medicine (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ng, Pauline C -- Murray, Sarah S -- Levy, Samuel -- Venter, J Craig -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):724-6. doi: 10.1038/461724a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Craig Venter Institute, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA. png@jcvi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethnic Groups/genetics ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Genetic Counseling/methods/*standards ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Testing/methods/*standards ; Genetics, Medical/methods/*standards ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Pharmacogenetics ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/standards
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    Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: Hippocampal place cells encode spatial information in rate and temporal codes. To examine the mechanisms underlying hippocampal coding, here we measured the intracellular dynamics of place cells by combining in vivo whole-cell recordings with a virtual-reality system. Head-restrained mice, running on a spherical treadmill, interacted with a computer-generated visual environment to perform spatial behaviours. Robust place-cell activity was present during movement along a virtual linear track. From whole-cell recordings, we identified three subthreshold signatures of place fields: an asymmetric ramp-like depolarization of the baseline membrane potential, an increase in the amplitude of intracellular theta oscillations, and a phase precession of the intracellular theta oscillation relative to the extracellularly recorded theta rhythm. These intracellular dynamics underlie the primary features of place-cell rate and temporal codes. The virtual-reality system developed here will enable new experimental approaches to study the neural circuits underlying navigation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771429/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771429/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, Christopher D -- Collman, Forrest -- Dombeck, Daniel A -- Tank, David W -- 1R01MH083686-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5R01MH060651-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060651/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060651-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083686/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083686-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083686-02S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):941-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08499.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton Neuroscience Institute, New Jersey 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/physiology ; Intracellular Space/*metabolism ; Locomotion/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Theta Rhythm ; *User-Computer Interface
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    Pelvic claspers confirm chondrichthyan-like internal fertilization in arthrodires (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-15
    Description: Recent finds demonstrate that internal fertilization and viviparity (live birth) were more widespread in the Placodermi, an extinct group of armoured fishes, than was previously realized. Placoderms represent the sister group of the crown group jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata), making their mode(s) of reproduction potentially informative about primitive gnathostome conditions. An ossified pelvic fin basipterygium discovered in the arthrodire Incisoscutum ritchiei was hypothesized to be identical in males and females, with males presumed to have an additional cartilaginous element or series forming a clasper. Here we report the discovery of a completely ossified pelvic clasper in Incisoscutum ritchiei (WAM 03.3.28) which shows that this interpretation was incorrect: the basipterygium described previously is in fact unique to females. The male clasper is a slender rod attached to a square basal plate that articulates directly with the pelvis. It carries a small cap of dermal bone covered in denticles and small hooks that may be homologous with the much larger dermal component of the ptyctodont clasper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahlberg, Per -- Trinajstic, Kate -- Johanson, Zerina -- Long, John -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):888-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08176. Epub 2009 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Subdepartment of Evolutionary Organismal Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Structures/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Fertilization/*physiology ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Male ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Viviparity, Nonmammalian/physiology
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    Robust discrimination between self and non-self neurites requires thousands of Dscam1 isoforms (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: Down Syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) genes encode neuronal cell recognition proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In Drosophila, Dscam1 generates 19,008 different ectodomains by alternative splicing of three exon clusters, each encoding half or a complete variable immunoglobulin domain. Identical isoforms bind to each other, but rarely to isoforms differing at any one of the variable immunoglobulin domains. Binding between isoforms on opposing membranes promotes repulsion. Isoform diversity provides the molecular basis for neurite self-avoidance. Self-avoidance refers to the tendency of branches from the same neuron (self-branches) to selectively avoid one another. To ensure that repulsion is restricted to self-branches, different neurons express different sets of isoforms in a biased stochastic fashion. Genetic studies demonstrated that Dscam1 diversity has a profound role in wiring the fly brain. Here we show how many isoforms are required to provide an identification system that prevents non-self branches from inappropriately recognizing each other. Using homologous recombination, we generated mutant animals encoding 12, 24, 576 and 1,152 potential isoforms. Mutant animals with deletions encoding 4,752 and 14,256 isoforms were also analysed. Branching phenotypes were assessed in three classes of neurons. Branching patterns improved as the potential number of isoforms increased, and this was independent of the identity of the isoforms. Although branching defects in animals with 1,152 potential isoforms remained substantial, animals with 4,752 isoforms were indistinguishable from wild-type controls. Mathematical modelling studies were consistent with the experimental results that thousands of isoforms are necessary to ensure acquisition of unique Dscam1 identities in many neurons. We conclude that thousands of isoforms are essential to provide neurons with a robust discrimination mechanism to distinguish between self and non-self during self-avoidance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836808/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836808/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hattori, Daisuke -- Chen, Yi -- Matthews, Benjamin J -- Salwinski, Lukasz -- Sabatti, Chiara -- Grueber, Wesley B -- Zipursky, S Lawrence -- F31 NS060341/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC006485/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC006485-07/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040279/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040279-05/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007430/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):644-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/metabolism ; Neurites/*metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Stochastic Processes
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    Obesity: Be cool, lose weight (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farmer, Stephen R -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):839-40. doi: 10.1038/458839a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/anatomy & histology/cytology/*metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Weight Loss/*physiology
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    Modelling pathogenesis and treatment of familial dysautonomia using patient-specific iPSCs (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-21
    Description: The isolation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a new strategy for modelling human disease. Recent studies have reported the derivation and differentiation of disease-specific human iPSCs. However, a key challenge in the field is the demonstration of disease-related phenotypes and the ability to model pathogenesis and treatment of disease in iPSCs. Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare but fatal peripheral neuropathy, caused by a point mutation in the IKBKAP gene involved in transcriptional elongation. The disease is characterized by the depletion of autonomic and sensory neurons. The specificity to the peripheral nervous system and the mechanism of neuron loss in FD are poorly understood owing to the lack of an appropriate model system. Here we report the derivation of patient-specific FD-iPSCs and the directed differentiation into cells of all three germ layers including peripheral neurons. Gene expression analysis in purified FD-iPSC-derived lineages demonstrates tissue-specific mis-splicing of IKBKAP in vitro. Patient-specific neural crest precursors express particularly low levels of normal IKBKAP transcript, suggesting a mechanism for disease specificity. FD pathogenesis is further characterized by transcriptome analysis and cell-based assays revealing marked defects in neurogenic differentiation and migration behaviour. Furthermore, we use FD-iPSCs for validating the potency of candidate drugs in reversing aberrant splicing and ameliorating neuronal differentiation and migration. Our study illustrates the promise of iPSC technology for gaining new insights into human disease pathogenesis and treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Gabsang -- Papapetrou, Eirini P -- Kim, Hyesoo -- Chambers, Stuart M -- Tomishima, Mark J -- Fasano, Christopher A -- Ganat, Yosif M -- Menon, Jayanthi -- Shimizu, Fumiko -- Viale, Agnes -- Tabar, Viviane -- Sadelain, Michel -- Studer, Lorenz -- R01 NS052671/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052671-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):402-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08320. Epub 2009 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Ave, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Alternative Splicing/drug effects/genetics ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Dysautonomia, Familial/drug therapy/genetics/*pathology/*therapy ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Kinetin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Neural Crest/cytology/drug effects ; Organ Specificity ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism/*transplantation
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    Runx1 is required for the endothelial to haematopoietic cell transition but not thereafter (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the founder cells of the adult haematopoietic system, and thus knowledge of the molecular program directing their generation during development is important for regenerative haematopoietic strategies. Runx1 is a pivotal transcription factor required for HSC generation in the vascular regions of the mouse conceptus-the aorta, vitelline and umbilical arteries, yolk sac and placenta. It is thought that HSCs emerge from vascular endothelial cells through the formation of intra-arterial clusters and that Runx1 functions during the transition from 'haemogenic endothelium' to HSCs. Here we show by conditional deletion that Runx1 activity in vascular-endothelial-cadherin-positive endothelial cells is indeed essential for intra-arterial cluster, haematopoietic progenitor and HSC formation in mice. In contrast, Runx1 is not required in cells expressing Vav1, one of the first pan-haematopoietic genes expressed in HSCs. Collectively these data show that Runx1 function is essential in endothelial cells for haematopoietic progenitor and HSC formation from the vasculature, but its requirement ends once or before Vav is expressed.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744041/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744041/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Michael J -- Yokomizo, Tomomasa -- Zeigler, Brandon M -- Dzierzak, Elaine -- Speck, Nancy A -- CA23108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA058343/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01DK54077/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HL091724/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK054077/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK054077-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI-07519/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):887-91. doi: 10.1038/nature07619. Epub 2009 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Cadherins/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics/*metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/metabolism
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    Orally delivered siRNA targeting macrophage Map4k4 suppresses systemic inflammation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Gene silencing by double-stranded RNA, denoted RNA interference, represents a new paradigm for rational drug design. However, the transformative therapeutic potential of short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been stymied by a key obstacle-safe delivery to specified target cells in vivo. Macrophages are particularly attractive targets for RNA interference therapy because they promote pathogenic inflammatory responses in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Here we report the engineering of beta1,3-D-glucan-encapsulated siRNA particles (GeRPs) as efficient oral delivery vehicles that potently silence genes in mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Oral gavage of mice with GeRPs containing as little as 20 microg kg(-1) siRNA directed against tumour necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-alpha) depleted its messenger RNA in macrophages recovered from the peritoneum, spleen, liver and lung, and lowered serum Tnf-alpha levels. Screening with GeRPs for inflammation genes revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) is a previously unknown mediator of cytokine expression. Importantly, silencing Map4k4 in macrophages in vivo protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality by inhibiting Tnf-alpha and interleukin-1beta production. This technology defines a new strategy for oral delivery of siRNA to attenuate inflammatory responses in human disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879154/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879154/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aouadi, Myriam -- Tesz, Gregory J -- Nicoloro, Sarah M -- Wang, Mengxi -- Chouinard, My -- Soto, Ernesto -- Ostroff, Gary R -- Czech, Michael P -- DK 30898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 32520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 60837/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK032520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK032520-25/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030898-26/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK060837/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK060837-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1180-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; *Gene Silencing ; Glucans/metabolism ; Inflammation/genetics/*prevention & control ; Interleukin-1beta/biosynthesis ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Macrophages/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*administration & dosage/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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    De novo establishment of wild-type song culture in the zebra finch (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-05
    Description: Culture is typically viewed as consisting of traits inherited epigenetically, through social learning. However, cultural diversity has species-typical constraints, presumably of genetic origin. A celebrated, if contentious, example is whether a universal grammar constrains syntactic diversity in human languages. Oscine songbirds exhibit song learning and provide biologically tractable models of culture: members of a species show individual variation in song and geographically separated groups have local song dialects. Different species exhibit distinct song cultures, suggestive of genetic constraints. Without such constraints, innovations and copying errors should cause unbounded variation over multiple generations or geographical distance, contrary to observations. Here we report an experiment designed to determine whether wild-type song culture might emerge over multiple generations in an isolated colony founded by isolates, and, if so, how this might happen and what type of social environment is required. Zebra finch isolates, unexposed to singing males during development, produce song with characteristics that differ from the wild-type song found in laboratory or natural colonies. In tutoring lineages starting from isolate founders, we quantified alterations in song across tutoring generations in two social environments: tutor-pupil pairs in sound-isolated chambers and an isolated semi-natural colony. In both settings, juveniles imitated the isolate tutors but changed certain characteristics of the songs. These alterations accumulated over learning generations. Consequently, songs evolved towards the wild-type in three to four generations. Thus, species-typical song culture can appear de novo. Our study has parallels with language change and evolution. In analogy to models in quantitative genetics, we model song culture as a multigenerational phenotype partly encoded genetically in an isolate founding population, influenced by environmental variables and taking multiple generations to emerge.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693086/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693086/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feher, Olga -- Wang, Haibin -- Saar, Sigal -- Mitra, Partha P -- Tchernichovski, Ofer -- R01 DC004722/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC004722-09/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):564-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07994. Epub 2009 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York, New York 10031, USA. olcifeher@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Culture ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Instinct ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Social Isolation ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Epigenetics: Ready for the marks (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feil, Robert -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):359-60. doi: 10.1038/461359a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Female ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/*metabolism
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    Underwater acoustics: The neutrino and the whale (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nosengo, Nicola -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):560-1. doi: 10.1038/462560a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; Animal Communication ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mediterranean Sea ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Whales/*physiology
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    Sleep deprivation impairs cAMP signalling in the hippocampus (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-23
    Description: Millions of people regularly obtain insufficient sleep. Given the effect of sleep deprivation on our lives, understanding the cellular and molecular pathways affected by sleep deprivation is clearly of social and clinical importance. One of the major effects of sleep deprivation on the brain is to produce memory deficits in learning models that are dependent on the hippocampus. Here we have identified a molecular mechanism by which brief sleep deprivation alters hippocampal function. Sleep deprivation selectively impaired 3', 5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus, reduced cAMP signalling, and increased activity and protein levels of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), an enzyme that degrades cAMP. Treatment of mice with phosphodiesterase inhibitors rescued the sleep-deprivation-induced deficits in cAMP signalling, synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory. These findings demonstrate that brief sleep deprivation disrupts hippocampal function by interfering with cAMP signalling through increased PDE4 activity. Thus, drugs that enhance cAMP signalling may provide a new therapeutic approach to counteract the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2783639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2783639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vecsey, Christopher G -- Baillie, George S -- Jaganath, Devan -- Havekes, Robbert -- Daniels, Andrew -- Wimmer, Mathieu -- Huang, Ted -- Brown, Kim M -- Li, Xiang-Yao -- Descalzi, Giannina -- Kim, Susan S -- Chen, Tao -- Shang, Yu-Ze -- Zhuo, Min -- Houslay, Miles D -- Abel, Ted -- 84256/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- G0600765/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM07517/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL060287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL07953/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628-080006/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL060287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL060287-100006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1122-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism ; Hippocampus/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors ; Rolipram/pharmacology ; *Second Messenger Systems/drug effects ; Sleep Deprivation/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Neuroscience: Small, furry...and smart (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehrer, Jonah -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 15;461(7266):862-4. doi: 10.1038/461862a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Biomedical Enhancement/*methods ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Long-Term Potentiation/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neuronal Plasticity/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics/metabolism
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    The AP-1 transcription factor Batf controls T(H)17 differentiation (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-07
    Description: Activator protein 1 (AP-1, also known as JUN) transcription factors are dimers of JUN, FOS, MAF and activating transcription factor (ATF) family proteins characterized by basic region and leucine zipper domains. Many AP-1 proteins contain defined transcriptional activation domains, but BATF and the closely related BATF3 (refs 2, 3) contain only a basic region and leucine zipper, and are considered to be inhibitors of AP-1 activity. Here we show that Batf is required for the differentiation of IL17-producing T helper (T(H)17) cells. T(H)17 cells comprise a CD4(+) T-cell subset that coordinates inflammatory responses in host defence but is pathogenic in autoimmunity. Batf(-/-) mice have normal T(H)1 and T(H)2 differentiation, but show a defect in T(H)17 differentiation, and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Batf(-/-) T cells fail to induce known factors required for T(H)17 differentiation, such as RORgamma t (encoded by Rorc) and the cytokine IL21 (refs 14-17). Neither the addition of IL21 nor the overexpression of RORgamma t fully restores IL17 production in Batf(-/-) T cells. The Il17 promoter is BATF-responsive, and after T(H)17 differentiation, BATF binds conserved intergenic elements in the Il17a-Il17f locus and to the Il17, Il21 and Il22 (ref. 18) promoters. These results demonstrate that the AP-1 protein BATF has a critical role in T(H)17 differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schraml, Barbara U -- Hildner, Kai -- Ise, Wataru -- Lee, Wan-Ling -- Smith, Whitney A-E -- Solomon, Ben -- Sahota, Gurmukh -- Sim, Julia -- Mukasa, Ryuta -- Cemerski, Saso -- Hatton, Robin D -- Stormo, Gary D -- Weaver, Casey T -- Russell, John H -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- AI035783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR049293/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249-20/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08114. Epub 2009 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukins/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-24
    Description: Several independent, genome-wide association studies have identified a strong correlation between body mass index and polymorphisms in the human FTO gene. Common variants in the first intron define a risk allele predisposing to obesity, with homozygotes for the risk allele weighing approximately 3 kilograms more than homozygotes for the low risk allele. Nevertheless, the functional role of FTO in energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that the loss of Fto in mice leads to postnatal growth retardation and a significant reduction in adipose tissue and lean body mass. The leanness of Fto-deficient mice develops as a consequence of increased energy expenditure and systemic sympathetic activation, despite decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and relative hyperphagia. Taken together, these experiments provide, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration that Fto is functionally involved in energy homeostasis by the control of energy expenditure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Julia -- Koch, Linda -- Emmerling, Christian -- Vierkotten, Jeanette -- Peters, Thomas -- Bruning, Jens C -- Ruther, Ulrich -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):894-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07848. Epub 2009 Feb 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitatsstr. 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19234441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adiposity/genetics ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Body Weight/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Eating/physiology ; Embryo, Mammalian/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Energy Metabolism/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Growth Disorders/genetics/physiopathology ; Homozygote ; Hyperphagia/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; Motor Activity/genetics/physiology ; Obesity/*genetics/prevention & control ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Thinness/*genetics
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    Animal behaviour: Birdsong normalized by culture (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W Tecumseh -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):519-20. doi: 10.1038/459519a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; *Culture ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Humans ; Instinct ; *Language ; Learning/physiology ; Linguistics ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Social Isolation ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal genomic imprints (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: Differential DNA methylation of the paternal and maternal alleles regulates the parental origin-specific expression of imprinted genes in mammals. The methylation imprints are established in male and female germ cells during gametogenesis, and the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and its cofactor DNMT3L are required in this process. However, the mechanisms underlying locus- and parental-specific targeting of the de novo DNA methylation machinery in germline imprinting are poorly understood. Here we show that amine oxidase (flavin-containing) domain 1 (AOF1), a protein related to the lysine demethylase KDM1 (also known as LSD1), functions as a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase and is required for de novo DNA methylation of some imprinted genes in oocytes. AOF1, now renamed lysine demethylase 1B (KDM1B) following a new nomenclature, is highly expressed in growing oocytes where genomic imprints are established. Targeted disruption of the gene encoding KDM1B had no effect on mouse development and oogenesis. However, oocytes from KDM1B-deficient females showed a substantial increase in H3K4 methylation and failed to set up the DNA methylation marks at four out of seven imprinted genes examined. Embryos derived from these oocytes showed biallelic expression or biallelic suppression of the affected genes and died before mid-gestation. Our results suggest that demethylation of H3K4 is critical for establishing the DNA methylation imprints during oogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciccone, David N -- Su, Hui -- Hevi, Sarah -- Gay, Frederique -- Lei, Hong -- Bajko, Jeffrey -- Xu, Guoliang -- Li, En -- Chen, Taiping -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):415-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08315. Epub 2009 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; *Mothers ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Tumours spark stem-cell review (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Monya -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):941. doi: 10.1038/457941a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19238682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/*surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/*etiology ; Brain Tissue Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards/trends ; Fetal Tissue Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Fetus/cytology ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Moscow ; Neurons/cytology/*transplantation ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*etiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation/*adverse effects
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    Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct marine reptiles (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: Adaptive radiations often follow the evolution of key traits, such as the origin of the amniotic egg and the subsequent radiation of terrestrial vertebrates. The mechanism by which a species determines the sex of its offspring has been linked to critical ecological and life-history traits but not to major adaptive radiations, in part because sex-determining mechanisms do not fossilize. Here we establish a previously unknown coevolutionary relationship in 94 amniote species between sex-determining mechanism and whether a species bears live young or lays eggs. We use that relationship to predict the sex-determining mechanism in three independent lineages of extinct Mesozoic marine reptiles (mosasaurs, sauropterygians and ichthyosaurs), each of which is known from fossils to have evolved live birth. Our results indicate that each lineage evolved genotypic sex determination before acquiring live birth. This enabled their pelagic radiations, where the relatively stable temperatures of the open ocean constrain temperature-dependent sex determination in amniote species. Freed from the need to move and nest on land, extreme physical adaptations to a pelagic lifestyle evolved in each group, such as the fluked tails, dorsal fins and wing-shaped limbs of ichthyosaurs. With the inclusion of ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs and sauropterygians, genotypic sex determination is present in all known fully pelagic amniote groups (sea snakes, sirenians and cetaceans), suggesting that this mode of sex determination and the subsequent evolution of live birth are key traits required for marine adaptive radiations in amniote lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Organ, Chris L -- Janes, Daniel E -- Meade, Andrew -- Pagel, Mark -- 1 F32 GM075490-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5 F32 GM072494/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):389-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08350.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. corgan@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fossils ; Genotype ; History, Ancient ; Male ; Marine Biology ; Markov Chains ; Monte Carlo Method ; Oviposition/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Reptiles/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Temperature ; Viviparity, Nonmammalian/genetics/*physiology
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    Q&A: Bird behaviour, Darwin and dance. Interview by Patrick Goymer (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clayton, Nicky -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):288. doi: 10.1038/462288a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Birds/*physiology ; *Dancing/physiology/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Music/psychology
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    Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53-p21 pathway (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-12
    Description: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from somatic cells by the introduction of Oct3/4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, in mouse and in human. The efficiency of this process, however, is low. Pluripotency can be induced without c-Myc, but with even lower efficiency. A p53 (also known as TP53 in humans and Trp53 in mice) short-interfering RNA (siRNA) was recently shown to promote human iPS cell generation, but the specificity and mechanisms remain to be determined. Here we report that up to 10% of transduced mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking p53 became iPS cells, even without the Myc retrovirus. The p53 deletion also promoted the induction of integration-free mouse iPS cells with plasmid transfection. Furthermore, in the p53-null background, iPS cells were generated from terminally differentiated T lymphocytes. The suppression of p53 also increased the efficiency of human iPS cell generation. DNA microarray analyses identified 34 p53-regulated genes that are common in mouse and human fibroblasts. Functional analyses of these genes demonstrate that the p53-p21 pathway serves as a barrier not only in tumorigenicity, but also in iPS cell generation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917235/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917235/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hong, Hyenjong -- Takahashi, Kazutoshi -- Ichisaka, Tomoko -- Aoi, Takashi -- Kanagawa, Osami -- Nakagawa, Masato -- Okita, Keisuke -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- U01 HL100406/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100406-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 27;460(7259):1132-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08235. Epub 2009 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics/metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Plasmids/genetics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Still strict on stem cells (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):950-1. doi: 10.1038/458950a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Frequency of gamma oscillations routes flow of information in the hippocampus (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: Gamma oscillations are thought to transiently link distributed cell assemblies that are processing related information, a function that is probably important for network processes such as perception, attentional selection and memory. This 'binding' mechanism requires that spatially distributed cells fire together with millisecond range precision; however, it is not clear how such coordinated timing is achieved given that the frequency of gamma oscillations varies substantially across space and time, from approximately 25 to almost 150 Hz. Here we show that gamma oscillations in the CA1 area of the hippocampus split into distinct fast and slow frequency components that differentially couple CA1 to inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex, an area that provides information about the animal's current position, and CA3, a hippocampal subfield essential for storage of such information. Fast gamma oscillations in CA1 were synchronized with fast gamma in medial entorhinal cortex, and slow gamma oscillations in CA1 were coherent with slow gamma in CA3. Significant proportions of cells in medial entorhinal cortex and CA3 were phase-locked to fast and slow CA1 gamma waves, respectively. The two types of gamma occurred at different phases of the CA1 theta rhythm and mostly on different theta cycles. These results point to routeing of information as a possible function of gamma frequency variations in the brain and provide a mechanism for temporal segregation of potentially interfering information from different sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colgin, Laura Lee -- Denninger, Tobias -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Hafting, Torkel -- Bonnevie, Tora -- Jensen, Ole -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):353-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, MTFS, Olav Kyrres gate 9, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. laura.colgin@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; *Theta Rhythm
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    Bmi1 regulates mitochondrial function and the DNA damage response pathway (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-01
    Description: Mice deficient in the Polycomb repressor Bmi1 develop numerous abnormalities including a severe defect in stem cell self-renewal, alterations in thymocyte maturation and a shortened lifespan. Previous work has implicated de-repression of the Ink4a/Arf (also known as Cdkn2a) locus as mediating many of the aspects of the Bmi1(-/-) phenotype. Here we demonstrate that cells derived from Bmi1(-/-) mice also have impaired mitochondrial function, a marked increase in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and subsequent engagement of the DNA damage response pathway. Furthermore, many of the deficiencies normally observed in Bmi1(-/-) mice improve after either pharmacological treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or genetic disruption of the DNA damage response pathway by Chk2 (also known as Chek2) deletion. These results demonstrate that Bmi1 has an unexpected role in maintaining mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis and indicate that the Polycomb family of proteins can coordinately regulate cellular metabolism with stem and progenitor cell function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721521/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721521/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jie -- Cao, Liu -- Chen, Jichun -- Song, Shiwei -- Lee, In Hye -- Quijano, Celia -- Liu, Hongjun -- Keyvanfar, Keyvan -- Chen, Haoqian -- Cao, Long-Yue -- Ahn, Bong-Hyun -- Kumar, Neil G -- Rovira, Ilsa I -- Xu, Xiao-Ling -- van Lohuizen, Maarten -- Motoyama, Noboru -- Deng, Chu-Xia -- Finkel, Toren -- R00 AG032356/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 HL005012-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):387-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08040. Epub 2009 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; *DNA Damage/genetics ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/drug effects
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    Taxonomy: Three into one will go (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howlett, Rory -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):973. doi: 10.1038/457973a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*classification/*growth & development/physiology ; Larva/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Male ; Marine Biology ; *Metamorphosis, Biological ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Consent: criteria should be drawn up for tissue donors (2009)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, Bernard -- Conklin, Bruce R -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):593. doi: 10.1038/461593b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Informed Consent/*standards ; Male ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/transplantation ; Testis/cytology ; *Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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