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  • 1
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    The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: We argue that an understanding of the faculty of language requires substantial interdisciplinary cooperation. We suggest how current developments in linguistics can be profitably wedded to work in evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience. We submit that a distinction should be made between the faculty of language in the broad sense (FLB) and in the narrow sense (FLN). FLB includes a sensory-motor system, a conceptual-intentional system, and the computational mechanisms for recursion, providing the capacity to generate an infinite range of expressions from a finite set of elements. We hypothesize that FLN only includes recursion and is the only uniquely human component of the faculty of language. We further argue that FLN may have evolved for reasons other than language, hence comparative studies might look for evidence of such computations outside of the domain of communication (for example, number, navigation, and social relations).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hauser, Marc D -- Chomsky, Noam -- Fitch, W Tecumseh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1569-79.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mdhauser@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Concept Formation ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior ; *Language ; Learning ; *Linguistics ; Mathematics ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Speech ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Animal behaviour: Birdsong normalized by culture (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W Tecumseh -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):519-20. doi: 10.1038/459519a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; *Culture ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Humans ; Instinct ; *Language ; Learning/physiology ; Linguistics ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Social Isolation ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a nonhuman primate (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: The capacity to generate a limitless range of meaningful expressions from a finite set of elements differentiates human language from other animal communication systems. Rule systems capable of generating an infinite set of outputs ("grammars") vary in generative power. The weakest possess only local organizational principles, with regularities limited to neighboring units. We used a familiarization/discrimination paradigm to demonstrate that monkeys can spontaneously master such grammars. However, human language entails more sophisticated grammars, incorporating hierarchical structure. Monkeys tested with the same methods, syllables, and sequence lengths were unable to master a grammar at this higher, "phrase structure grammar" level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W Tecumseh -- Hauser, Marc D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):377-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AJ, Scotland. wtsf@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; *Language ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Male ; Memory ; *Saguinus ; Speech
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Speech science: Tuned to the rhythm (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W Tecumseh -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 28;494(7438):434-5. doi: 10.1038/494434a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Facial Expression ; Humans ; Jaw/physiology ; Language ; Lip/physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Movement/physiology ; Periodicity ; Photic Stimulation ; Speech/*physiology ; Tongue/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    How low can you go? Physical production mechanism of elephant infrasonic vocalizations (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-04
    Description: Elephants can communicate using sounds below the range of human hearing ("infrasounds" below 20 hertz). It is commonly speculated that these vocalizations are produced in the larynx, either by neurally controlled muscle twitching (as in cat purring) or by flow-induced self-sustained vibrations of the vocal folds (as in human speech and song). We used direct high-speed video observations of an excised elephant larynx to demonstrate flow-induced self-sustained vocal fold vibration in the absence of any neural signals, thus excluding the need for any "purring" mechanism. The observed physical principles of voice production apply to a wide variety of mammals, extending across a remarkably large range of fundamental frequencies and body sizes, spanning more than five orders of magnitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbst, Christian T -- Stoeger, Angela S -- Frey, Roland -- Lohscheller, Jorg -- Titze, Ingo R -- Gumpenberger, Michaela -- Fitch, W Tecumseh -- P 23099/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R01 DC 008612/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):595-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1219712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. christian.herbst@univie.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22859490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Larynx/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Sound ; Vibration ; Vocal Cords/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Cellular scaling rules for bird brains [Neuroscience] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Some birds achieve primate-like levels of cognition, even though their brains tend to be much smaller in absolute size. This poses a fundamental problem in comparative and computational neuroscience, because small brains are expected to have a lower information-processing capacity. Using the isotropic fractionator to determine numbers of neurons in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Flexible compensation of uniparental care: female poison frogs take over when males disappear (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-09
    Description: Parental care systems are shaped by costs and benefits to each sex of investing into current versus future progeny. Flexible compensatory parental care is mainly known in biparental species, particularly where parental desertion or reduction of care by 1 parent is common. The other parent can then compensate this loss by either switching parental roles and/or by increasing its own parental effort. In uniparental species, desertion of the caregiver usually leads to total brood loss. In the poison frog, Allobates femoralis , obligatory tadpole transport (TT) is generally performed by males, whereas females abandon their clutches after oviposition. Nevertheless, in a natural population we previously observed 7.8% of TT performed by females, which we could link to the absence of the respective fathers. In the following experiment, under laboratory conditions, all tested A. femoralis females flexibly took over parental duties, but only when their mates were removed. Our findings provide clear evidence for compensatory flexibility in a species with unisexual parental care. Contrary to the view of amphibian parental care as being stereotypical and fixed, these results demonstrate behavioral flexibility as an adaptive response to environmental and social uncertainty. Behavioral flexibility might actually represent a crucial step in the evolutionary transition from uniparental to biparental care in poison frogs. We suspect that across animal species flexible parental roles are much more common than previously thought and suggest the idea of a 3-dimensional continuum regarding flexibility, parental involvement, and timing, when thinking about the evolution of parental care.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Overtone-based pitch choice in hermit thrush song [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: Many human musical scales, including the diatonic major scale prevalent in Western music, are built partially or entirely from intervals (ratios between adjacent frequencies) corresponding to small-integer proportions drawn from the harmonic series. Scientists have long debated the extent to which principles of scale generation in human music are biologically...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Utterance-final position and pitch marking aid word learning in school-age children (2017)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-17
    Description: We investigated the effects of word order and prosody on word learning in school-age children. Third graders viewed photographs belonging to one of three semantic categories while hearing four-word nonsense utterances containing a target word. In the control condition, all words had the same pitch and, across trials, the position of the target word was varied systematically within each utterance. The only cue to word–meaning mapping was the co-occurrence of target words and referents. This cue was present in all conditions. In the Utterance-final condition, the target word always occurred in utterance-final position, and at the same fundamental frequency as all the other words of the utterance. In the Pitch peak condition, the position of the target word was varied systematically within each utterance across trials, and produced with pitch contrasts typical of infant-directed speech (IDS). In the Pitch peak + Utterance-final condition, the target word always occurred in utterance-final position, and was marked with a pitch contrast typical of IDS. Word learning occurred in all conditions except the control condition. Moreover, learning performance was significantly higher than that observed with simple co-occurrence ( control condition) only for the Pitch peak + Utterance-final condition. We conclude that, for school-age children, the combination of words' utterance-final alignment and pitch enhancement boosts word learning.
    Keywords: psychology, cognition
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 10
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    Response to Lieberman on "Monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready" (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-08
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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