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  • 1
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    The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls X-chromosome pairing and counting (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-19
    Description: Pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled by defined transcription factors. During differentiation, mouse ES cells undergo global epigenetic reprogramming, as exemplified by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in which one female X chromosome is silenced to achieve gene dosage parity between the sexes. Somatic XCI is regulated by homologous X-chromosome pairing and counting, and by the random choice of future active and inactive X chromosomes. XCI and cell differentiation are tightly coupled, as blocking one process compromises the other and dedifferentiation of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells is accompanied by X chromosome reactivation. Recent evidence suggests coupling of Xist expression to pluripotency factors occurs, but how the two are interconnected remains unknown. Here we show that Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) lies at the top of the XCI hierarchy, and regulates XCI by triggering X-chromosome pairing and counting. Oct4 directly binds Tsix and Xite, two regulatory noncoding RNA genes of the X-inactivation centre, and also complexes with XCI trans-factors, Ctcf and Yy1 (ref. 17), through protein-protein interactions. Depletion of Oct4 blocks homologous X-chromosome pairing and results in the inactivation of both X chromosomes in female cells. Thus, we have identified the first trans-factor that regulates counting, and ascribed new functions to Oct4 during X-chromosome reprogramming.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donohoe, Mary E -- Silva, Susana S -- Pinter, Stefan F -- Xu, Na -- Lee, Jeannie T -- GM58839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):128-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08098. Epub 2009 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; X Chromosome/*genetics/*metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics ; YY1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the biology of young grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) digestion (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 44 (1978), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of body size and salinity on the rate of digestion of young grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., was studied using the “sacrifice” method. The rate of digestion was found to be salinity-dependent, being slower at lower salinities than at higher salinities. This is correlated to higher food intake at the lower salinities. Rate of digestion was also found to be dependent on body size, increasing with increasing body weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390902
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food and feeding habits of the herring Clupea harengus and the sprat C. sprattus in inshore waters of the west coast of Scotland (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 20 (1973), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The food and feeding habits of the herring Clupea harengus L. and the sprat C. sprattus (L.) as 0-group and older fish in inshore waters of the west coast of Scotland, were studied from April, 1970 to March, 1972. The two species occurred together. The diets of 0-group herring and sprats are almost identical, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Their daily feeding rhythms also coincide. It is probable that competition between these two species in their first year of life could occur if the food supply is limiting. Changes in diet between 0-group and older fish are more pronounced in herring than in sprats. The diet itself is mainly crustacean in both clupeids, with copepods contributing the major share.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354272
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel feeding patterns and daily ration of cyprinid species in the wild determined using an iterative method, MAXIMS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Diel feeding patterns and daily food rations of five cyprinids Amblypharyngodon melettinus, Barbus chola, B. dorsalis, B. filamentosus and Rasbora daniconius in two Sri Lankan reservoirs were studied based on diel surveys using an iterative method, MAXIMS. A. melettinus and B. chola had single peaks of feeding whereas diel feeding patterns with two peaks occurred in the other three species. Daily food rations varied seasonally and with size of fish. The iterative technique used is reliably applicable for quantifying daily rations, and provides a means of linking trophic levels in natural populations of fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01785.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility of an aquatic macrophyte by the cichlid Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) with observations on the relative merits of three indigenous components as markers and daily changes in protein digestibility (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 23 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The digestibility of the aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticellata by the Asian cichlid, Etroplus suratensis was estimated using three indigenous markers viz. hydrolysis resistant organic matter (HROM), crude fibre (CF) and hydrolysis resistant ash (HRA). In the fodder HROM showed the least variation and HRA the highest. The recovery of HRA in the faeces was always higher than 100% whereas HROM was the nearest to 100%. The total digestibility varied between 34·6% and 51·9%, and the digestibility estimates were higher when HRA was considered as the marker. The overall protein and lipid digestibility varied between 59·2%–70·9% and 65·0%–70·1 % respectively. It is suggested that HROM is a better reference marker in comparison CF and HRA. Daily variation in protein digestibility ranged from 51·2% to 81·8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02945.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some morphometric and biochemical features of ready-to-migrate silver and pre-migratory yellow stages of the shortfin eel of south-eastern Australian waters (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 61 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mean total length (LT), mass and age of ready to migrate female silver shortfin eels Anguilla australis from the Hopkins River estuary and the mouth of the Merri River in south-eastern Australia, were 83·2 ± 1·2 cm, 1051 ± 51 g, and 17·2 ± 1·79 years, respectively. The eye index (IE) of the silver shortfin eels was 〈 5·2 (mean 7·64 ± 0·29) and differed significantly from that of the yellow shortfin eels collected from two other sites. The IE increased with LT (mm) and was related by log IE= 2·656 log LT6·925. The per cent moisture, protein and ash content of the liver of silver shortfin eels was significantly lower than in yellow shortfin eels, but lipid content was significantly higher in the former (35·5 ± 2·0%). The mean mass μg mg lipid −) of saturates (230·4 ± 2·6 v. 181·7 ±2·6), monoenes (367·4 ± 6·3 v. 290·8 ± 8·9) and PUFA (177·3 ± 5·3 v. 159·7 ± 4·6) in muscle was significantly higher, and the great majority of individual fatty acids was found also in higher quantities in silver shortfin eels. In the liver, the PUFA found in the highest quantity was 22:6n-3, except in shortfin eels from Hopkins River estuary, and the amount of 18:2n-6 in the liver of silver shortfin eels was significantly higher than that in yellow shortfin eels but the reverse was true of 20:4n-6. In both muscle and liver tissues the saturate 16:0 and the monoene 18:ln-9 collectively accounted for 〉50% of all the fatty acids in the lipid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01852.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the abundance of the exotic cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) in relation to fluctuations in the water-level in a man-made lake in Sri Lanka (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 16 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The fishery of Parakrama Samudra, an ancient man-made lake of 2662 ha in Sri Lanka (8°-10°N; 80°-82°E), as in most other man-made reservoirs in the island, is dominated by the exotic cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters), introduced in 1952. The fluctuations in catch per unit/fisherman over the period 1960 to 1982 are shown to be dependent on the yearly fluctuations in the water-level, the changes in the water-level effects being manifested in the fishery after a period of 3 years. The above results were arrived at by auto-correlation analysis of yearly catch per unit effort against the fluctuation of the water level at the main sluice. The changes in yield in a particular year are correlated to the changes in the water level and are described by the equation;〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:1355557X:ARE265:ARE_265_mu1"/〉where Y= yield in kg fisherman-1 month-1 in year t and X= fluctuations in the water-level in year t - 3. The available growth rates in natural and semi-natural impoundments also indicate that the size at which S. mossambicus enter the fishery in Parakrama Samudra corresponds to their size in the third year of life (age 2+). The significance of the above observations is discussed on the basis of available knowledge on the reproductive cycle and the nesting requirements of S. mossambicus which are achieved when significant fluctuations in the reservoir level take place by making available optimal water depths in areas with a suitable substratum. The possible use of the above criteria as a management measure is also briefly discussed in the light of possible irrigational and fisheries conflicts in the utilization of the reservoir resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1985.tb00315.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of the introduced cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) in the reservoir fishery of Sri Lanka: a management strategy and ecological implications (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 16 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The inland fishery in Sri Lanka (6–10°N; 79–82°E) is essentially a fishery confined to man-made lakes and is dominated by the introduced cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters). Catch statistics of 20 such major reservoirs indicate that the yield of this species ranges from 64·0 to 918 kg per ha and accounts for between 56 and 99% of the total yield in individual reservoirs. The yield of S. mossambicus is closely related to the fishing pressure exerted. Catch/effort data from the individual reservoir fisheries when analysed collectively simulate changes in a single large fishery. In the fishery the relationship of yield to effort is described by the equation: Y = 4·OX – 53·8X (r= 0·92; P 〈 0·001), where Y = yield in kg per ha per annum and X = number of craft-days per ha per annum, indicating that the reservoirs in Sri Lanka remain underfished. However, very high increases in fishing pressure in two reservoirs, for which data are available over a 5-year period, indicate that the increases have resulted in a significant decline in the catch per unit effort. The reasons for the success of the S. mossambicus fishery in individual reservoirs, and also simulation of features of a single large fishery in reservoirs, with widely different hydrological and limnological regimes, are discussed in qualitative terms. It is hypothesized that the abundance is determined by factors other than food availability. Fresh management strategies to optimize the fishery from the point of view of optimal fishing pressure permissible from the present analysis are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1985.tb00298.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dietary protein level on growth and food utilization in juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) is a freshwater Percichthyid fish considered to have high culture potential. Growth and feed utilization were examined in a 56-day experiment, in which triplicate groups of juvenile Murray cod (initial weight 21.5 ± 0.03 g) were fed isocalorific diets (gross energy content of about 21 kJ g−1) containing 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60% protein (designated P40, P45, etc.). Final mean weight, percentage increase in weight and specific growth rate (SGR; % day−1) were highest in fish fed the P50 diet. Food conversion ratio (FCR; 1.05 ± 0.04) and protein efficiency ratio (PER; 1.98 ± 0.11) were also best in fish on the P50 diet, but the differences in these parameters from the corresponding values on diets P55 and P60 were not always significant. FCR (Y) was related to dietary protein content (X), the relationship being a second-order polynomial, in which Y = 0.004X2−0.431X + 12.305 (r= 0.95; P 〈 0.01). The proportions of carcass moisture, protein, lipid and ash did not differ among the different dietary treatments. The protein conversion efficiency (y) was negatively correlated to percentage dietary protein (X) content, the relationship being: y = 62.76–0.62X (r= 0.99; P 〈 0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00417.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility and amino acid availability of three protein-rich ingredient-incorporated diets by Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and the Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Richardson (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In this study, the apparent dry matter (ADM), protein (PD) and energy (ED) digestibility, and the amino acid availability (essential, EAAA; non-essential, NEAAA; total, TAAA) of diets incorporated with one of three protein-rich ingredients (soybean meal, shark meat meal waste and meat meal) were evaluated for Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and the Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Richardson. The reference diets (RDs) used for Murray cod and shortfin eel had 50% and 45% protein, and 10% and 15% lipid respectively. The test diets consisted of 30% ingredient and 70% RD, and digestibility estimations were made using chromic oxide as a marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00432.x
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