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  • 1
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    Effects of Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance-Heating-Induced Internal Kink Mode on the Toroidal Rotation in the KSTAR Tokamak (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
    Description: Author(s): J. Seol, S. G. Lee, B. H. Park, H. H. Lee, L. Terzolo, K. C. Shaing, K. I. You, G. S. Yun, C. C. Kim, K. D. Lee, W. H. Ko, J. G. Kwak, W. C. Kim, Y. K. Oh, J. Y. Kim, S. S. Kim, and K. Ida It is observed that the magnitude of the toroidal rotation speed is reduced by the central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) regardless of the direction of the toroidal rotation. The magnetohydrodynamics activities generally appear with the rotation change due to ECRH. It is shown that the... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 195003] Published Thu Nov 08, 2012
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Effects of resistivity on linear plasma responses to resonant magnetic perturbations in tokamak plasmas (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: Numerical studies are made of the effects of resistivity on linear plasma responses to resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in tokamaks based on a reduced magnetohydrodynamic model. From a local two-field model, it is suggested that the ratio of the poloidal electron advection to the resistivity diffusion rate α m can be a figure of merit parameter in linear RMP penetration physics. The shielding efficiency is governed by α m , and when α m ≳ 1 , RMPs are effectively shielded. Global simulations using a four-field model [Hazeltine and Meiss, Phys. Rep. 121 , 1 (1985)] show that there exists an effective threshold of the perpendicular electron flow ( V e , ⊥ c ) beyond which RMPs cannot penetrate. Resistivity is found to determine V e , ⊥ c which increases as resistivity becomes higher, making RMP penetration easier. At low resistivity, small V e , ⊥ c renders the RMP penetration sensitive to ion collisionality and the change in q 95 . The kink response is observed to be closely related to the residual level of RMPs at rational surfaces and can be also strongly affected by resistivity.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Characteristics of toroidal rotation and ion temperature pedestals between ELM bursts in KSTAR H-mode plasmas (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: Steep pedestal profiles of ion temperature ( T i ) and toroidal rotation ( V ϕ ) are routinely observed in neutral beam injection (NBI)-heated KSTAR H-mode plasmas [W. H. Ko et al ., Nucl. Fusion 55 , 083013 (2015)]. In this work, we report a result of detailed analysis of pedestal characteristics. By analyzing a set of data with different experimental conditions, we show that T i and V ϕ pedestals are coupled to each other and correlation between them becomes stronger when NBI-torque is lower. This suggests the existence of intrinsic toroidal torque in the pedestal. Based on a 1D transport analysis, we find that the prevalence of residual micro-turbulences is necessary to explain momentum transport in the pedestal. The estimated strength of intrinsic torque is shown to be comparable to that from a 2.7 MW NBI source. Finally, we show that non-diffusive momentum flux is indispensable to explain momentum transport in the pedestal, and a residual stress model fits the observed momentum flux reasonably.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Impact of inward turbulence spreading on energy loss of edge-localized modesa) (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-19
    Description: Nonlinear two-fluid and gyrofluid simulations show that an edge localized modes (ELM) crash has two phases: fast initial crash of ion temperature perturbation on the Alfvén time scale and slow turbulence spreading. The turbulence transport phase is a slow encroachment of electron temperature perturbation due to the ELM event into pedestal region. Because of the inward turbulence spreading effect, the energy loss of an ELM decreases when density pedestal height increases. The Landau resonance yields the different cross phase-shift of ions and electrons. A 3 + 1 gyro-Landau-fluid model is implemented in BOUT++ framework. The gyrofluid simulations show that the kinetic effects have stabilizing effects on the ideal ballooning mode and the energy loss increases with the pedestal height.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    NMR Study of the Dynamics of ^{3} He Impurities in the Proposed Supersolid State of Solid ^{4} He (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-07
    Description: Author(s): S. S. Kim, C. Huan, L. Yin, J. Xia, D. Candela, and N. S. Sullivan The dynamics of ^{3} He atoms in solid ^{4} He have been investigated by measuring the NMR relaxation times T_{1} and T_{2} in the region where a significant nonclassical rotational inertia fraction has been reported. For ^{3} He concentrations x_{3} =16 and 24 ppm, changes are observed for both th... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 185303] Published Fri May 06, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Flux-driven simulations of turbulence collapse (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-13
    Description: Using three-dimensional nonlinear simulations of tokamak turbulence, we show that an edge transport barrier (ETB) forms naturally once input power exceeds a threshold value. Profiles, turbulence-driven flows, and neoclassical coefficients are evolved self-consistently. A slow power ramp-up simulation shows that ETB transition is triggered by the turbulence-driven flows via an intermediate phase which involves coherent oscillation of turbulence intensity and E × B flow shear. A novel observation of the evolution is that the turbulence collapses and the ETB transition begins when R T  〉 1 at t  =  t R ( R T : normalized Reynolds power), while the conventional transition criterion ( ω E × B 〉 γ l i n where ω E × B denotes mean flow shear) is satisfied only after t  =  t C ( 〉 t R ), when the mean flow shear grows due to positive feedback.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Interaction profiling by peptidome phage display [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-19
    Description: The human proteome contains a plethora of short linear motifs (SLiMs) that serve as binding interfaces for modular protein domains. Such interactions are crucial for signaling and other cellular processes, but are difficult to detect because of their low to moderate affinities. Here we developed a dedicated approach, proteomic peptide-phage...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Evidence that the reactivity of the martian soil is due to superoxide ions (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-16
    Description: The Viking Landers were unable to detect evidence of life on Mars but, instead, found a chemically reactive soil capable of decomposing organic molecules. This reactivity was attributed to the presence of one or more as-yet-unidentified inorganic superoxides or peroxides in the martian soil. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that superoxide radical ions (O2-) form directly on Mars-analog mineral surfaces exposed to ultraviolet radiation under a simulated martian atmosphere. These oxygen radicals can explain the reactive nature of the soil and the apparent absence of organic material at the martian surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yen, A S -- Kim, S S -- Hecht, M H -- Frant, M S -- Murray, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1909-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. Albert.Yen@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Silicates/chemistry ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ions ; *Mars ; Oxygen ; Potassium Compounds/chemistry ; *Soil ; *Superoxides/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Sleep deprivation impairs cAMP signalling in the hippocampus (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-23
    Description: Millions of people regularly obtain insufficient sleep. Given the effect of sleep deprivation on our lives, understanding the cellular and molecular pathways affected by sleep deprivation is clearly of social and clinical importance. One of the major effects of sleep deprivation on the brain is to produce memory deficits in learning models that are dependent on the hippocampus. Here we have identified a molecular mechanism by which brief sleep deprivation alters hippocampal function. Sleep deprivation selectively impaired 3', 5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus, reduced cAMP signalling, and increased activity and protein levels of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), an enzyme that degrades cAMP. Treatment of mice with phosphodiesterase inhibitors rescued the sleep-deprivation-induced deficits in cAMP signalling, synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory. These findings demonstrate that brief sleep deprivation disrupts hippocampal function by interfering with cAMP signalling through increased PDE4 activity. Thus, drugs that enhance cAMP signalling may provide a new therapeutic approach to counteract the cognitive effects of sleep deprivation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2783639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2783639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vecsey, Christopher G -- Baillie, George S -- Jaganath, Devan -- Havekes, Robbert -- Daniels, Andrew -- Wimmer, Mathieu -- Huang, Ted -- Brown, Kim M -- Li, Xiang-Yao -- Descalzi, Giannina -- Kim, Susan S -- Chen, Tao -- Shang, Yu-Ze -- Zhuo, Min -- Houslay, Miles D -- Abel, Ted -- 84256/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- G0600765/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- GM07517/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL060287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL07953/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628-080006/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL060287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL060287-100006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1122-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism ; Hippocampus/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors ; Rolipram/pharmacology ; *Second Messenger Systems/drug effects ; Sleep Deprivation/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Ultrastable mesostructured silica vesicles (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-13
    Description: A family of mesoporous molecular sieves (denoted MSU-G) with vesiclelike hierarchical structures and unprecedented thermal (1000 degreesC) and hydrothermal stabilities (more than 150 hours at 100 degreesC) associated with high SiO4 cross-linking was prepared through a supramolecular assembly pathway that relies on hydrogen bonding between electrically neutral gemini surfactants of the type CnH2n+1NH(CH2)2NH2 and silica precursors derived from tetraethylorthosilicate. The vesicle shells are constructed of one or more undulated silica sheets that are about 3 nanometers thick with mesopores (average diameters from 2.7 to 4.0 nanometers) running both parallel and orthogonal to the silica sheets, which makes the framework structure bicontinuous and highly accessible. Catalytic metal ion centers [for example, Ti(IV) and Al(III)] have been incorporated into the framework with the retention of hierarchical structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim -- Zhang -- Pinnavaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1302-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9812891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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