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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in humans and will on average affect up to one in eight women in their lifetime in the United States and Europe. The Women's Health Initiative and the Million Women Study have shown that hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of incident and fatal breast cancer. In particular, synthetic progesterone derivatives (progestins) such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), used in millions of women for hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives, markedly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Here we show that the in vivo administration of MPA triggers massive induction of the key osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand) in mammary-gland epithelial cells. Genetic inactivation of the RANKL receptor RANK in mammary-gland epithelial cells prevents MPA-induced epithelial proliferation, impairs expansion of the CD49f(hi) stem-cell-enriched population, and sensitizes these cells to DNA-damage-induced cell death. Deletion of RANK from the mammary epithelium results in a markedly decreased incidence and delayed onset of MPA-driven mammary cancer. These data show that the RANKL/RANK system controls the incidence and onset of progestin-driven breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schramek, Daniel -- Leibbrandt, Andreas -- Sigl, Verena -- Kenner, Lukas -- Pospisilik, John A -- Lee, Heather J -- Hanada, Reiko -- Joshi, Purna A -- Aliprantis, Antonios -- Glimcher, Laurie -- Pasparakis, Manolis -- Khokha, Rama -- Ormandy, Christopher J -- Widschwendter, Martin -- Schett, Georg -- Penninger, Josef M -- HD055601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055601-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature09387. Epub 2010 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; DNA Damage ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Integrin alpha6/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically ; induced/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/cytology ; Phosphoproteins/analysis/immunology ; Progestins/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; RANK Ligand/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: Receptor-activator of NF-kappaB ligand (TNFSF11, also known as RANKL, OPGL, TRANCE and ODF) and its tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-family receptor RANK are essential regulators of bone remodelling, lymph node organogenesis and formation of a lactating mammary gland. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in the central nervous system. However, the functional relevance of RANKL/RANK in the brain was entirely unknown. Here we report that RANKL and RANK have an essential role in the brain. In both mice and rats, central RANKL injections trigger severe fever. Using tissue-specific Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) deleter mice, the function of RANK in the fever response was genetically mapped to astrocytes. Importantly, Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) deleter mice are resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced fever as well as fever in response to the key inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNFalpha. Mechanistically, RANKL activates brain regions involved in thermoregulation and induces fever via the COX2-PGE(2)/EP3R pathway. Moreover, female Nestin-Cre and GFAP-Cre rank(floxed) mice exhibit increased basal body temperatures, suggesting that RANKL and RANK control thermoregulation during normal female physiology. We also show that two children with RANK mutations exhibit impaired fever during pneumonia. These data identify an entirely novel and unexpected function for the key osteoclast differentiation factors RANKL/RANK in female thermoregulation and the central fever response in inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanada, Reiko -- Leibbrandt, Andreas -- Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Kitaoka, Shiho -- Furuyashiki, Tomoyuki -- Fujihara, Hiroaki -- Trichereau, Jean -- Paolino, Magdalena -- Qadri, Fatimunnisa -- Plehm, Ralph -- Klaere, Steffen -- Komnenovic, Vukoslav -- Mimata, Hiromitsu -- Yoshimatsu, Hironobu -- Takahashi, Naoyuki -- von Haeseler, Arndt -- Bader, Michael -- Kilic, Sara Sebnem -- Ueta, Yoichi -- Pifl, Christian -- Narumiya, Shuh -- Penninger, Josef M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):505-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects/*physiology ; Child ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Female ; Fever/*chemically induced/complications/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pneumonia/complications/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/administration & dosage/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism ; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: CLP1 was the first mammalian RNA kinase to be identified. However, determining its in vivo function has been elusive. Here we generated kinase-dead Clp1 (Clp1(K/K)) mice that show a progressive loss of spinal motor neurons associated with axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerves and denervation of neuromuscular junctions, resulting in impaired motor function, muscle weakness, paralysis and fatal respiratory failure. Transgenic rescue experiments show that CLP1 functions in motor neurons. Mechanistically, loss of CLP1 activity results in accumulation of a novel set of small RNA fragments, derived from aberrant processing of tyrosine pre-transfer RNA. These tRNA fragments sensitize cells to oxidative-stress-induced p53 (also known as TRP53) activation and p53-dependent cell death. Genetic inactivation of p53 rescues Clp1(K/K) mice from the motor neuron loss, muscle denervation and respiratory failure. Our experiments uncover a mechanistic link between tRNA processing, formation of a new RNA species and progressive loss of lower motor neurons regulated by p53.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Weitzer, Stefan -- Mair, Barbara -- Bernreuther, Christian -- Wainger, Brian J -- Ichida, Justin -- Hanada, Reiko -- Orthofer, Michael -- Cronin, Shane J -- Komnenovic, Vukoslav -- Minis, Adi -- Sato, Fuminori -- Mimata, Hiromitsu -- Yoshimura, Akihiko -- Tamir, Ido -- Rainer, Johannes -- Kofler, Reinhard -- Yaron, Avraham -- Eggan, Kevin C -- Woolf, Clifford J -- Glatzel, Markus -- Herbst, Ruth -- Martinez, Javier -- Penninger, Josef M -- K99NS077435-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P 19223/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- P 21667/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R00 NS077435/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):474-80. doi: 10.1038/nature11923. Epub 2013 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Death ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism/pathology ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/*metabolism/*pathology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Neuromuscular Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/genetics/*metabolism ; Respiration ; Spinal Nerves/cytology ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-07-28
    Description: Malnutrition affects up to one billion people in the world and is a major cause of mortality. In many cases, malnutrition is associated with diarrhoea and intestinal inflammation, further contributing to morbidity and death. The mechanisms by which unbalanced dietary nutrients affect intestinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Here we report that deficiency in murine angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 (Ace2), which encodes a key regulatory enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), results in highly increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation induced by epithelial damage. The RAS is known to be involved in acute lung failure, cardiovascular functions and SARS infections. Mechanistically, ACE2 has a RAS-independent function, regulating intestinal amino acid homeostasis, expression of antimicrobial peptides, and the ecology of the gut microbiome. Transplantation of the altered microbiota from Ace2 mutant mice into germ-free wild-type hosts was able to transmit the increased propensity to develop severe colitis. ACE2-dependent changes in epithelial immunity and the gut microbiota can be directly regulated by the dietary amino acid tryptophan. Our results identify ACE2 as a key regulator of dietary amino acid homeostasis, innate immunity, gut microbial ecology, and transmissible susceptibility to colitis. These results provide a molecular explanation for how amino acid malnutrition can cause intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hashimoto, Tatsuo -- Perlot, Thomas -- Rehman, Ateequr -- Trichereau, Jean -- Ishiguro, Hiroaki -- Paolino, Magdalena -- Sigl, Verena -- Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Hanada, Reiko -- Lipinski, Simone -- Wild, Birgit -- Camargo, Simone M R -- Singer, Dustin -- Richter, Andreas -- Kuba, Keiji -- Fukamizu, Akiyoshi -- Schreiber, Stefan -- Clevers, Hans -- Verrey, Francois -- Rosenstiel, Philip -- Penninger, Josef M -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 25;487(7408):477-81. doi: 10.1038/nature11228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Colitis/drug therapy/*etiology/*microbiology/pathology ; Dextran Sulfate ; Diarrhea/complications ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Germ-Free Life ; Homeostasis ; Immunity, Innate ; Intestines/*microbiology/pathology ; Male ; Malnutrition/*complications/metabolism ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Niacinamide/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; Tryptophan/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 15-18 (Jan. 1987), p. 1129-1134 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 196-201 (Nov. 1995), p. 1369-1374 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 196-201 (Nov. 1995), p. 1375-1380 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 31 (1992), S. 3183-3187 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: 5α-oleandrigenin glycoside ; 5α-pregnanolone glucotrioside ; Apocynaceae ; Nerium odorum ; cardiac glycoside ; digitoxigenin gentiotriosyl-digitaloside ; pregnenolone apiosyl-glucoside. ; roots
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 31 (1992), S. 3547-3551 
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Anodendron affine ; Apocynaceae ; affinoside. ; cardenolide ; doubly linked cardenolide glycoside ; sarmentogenin glycoside ; seed glycoside
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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