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  • 1
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    Charge-dependent regulation of NADPH oxidase activities in intact and subcellular systems of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1988)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 1988-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0005-2728
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2650
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Decreased number of Gemini of coiled bodies and U12 snRNA level in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: Disappearance of TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) from the nucleus contributes to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the nuclear function of TDP-43 is not yet fully understood. TDP-43 associates with nuclear bodies including Gemini of coiled bodies (GEMs). GEMs contribute to the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA (U snRNA), a component of splicing machinery. The number of GEMs and a subset of U snRNAs decrease in spinal muscular atrophy, a lower motor neuron disease, suggesting that alteration of U snRNAs may also underlie the molecular pathogenesis of ALS. Here, we investigated the number of GEMs and U11/12-type small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) by immunohistochemistry and the level of U snRNAs using real-time quantitative RT-PCR in ALS tissues. GEMs decreased in both TDP-43-depleted HeLa cells and spinal motor neurons in ALS patients. Levels of several U snRNAs decreased in TDP-43-depleted SH-SY5Y and U87-MG cells. The level of U12 snRNA was decreased in tissues affected by ALS (spinal cord, motor cortex and thalamus) but not in tissues unaffected by ALS (cerebellum, kidney and muscle). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the decrease in U11/12-type snRNP in spinal motor neurons of ALS patients. These findings suggest that loss of TDP-43 function decreases the number of GEMs, which is followed by a disturbance of pre-mRNA splicing by the U11/U12 spliceosome in tissues affected by ALS.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Weather effects on birds of different size are mediated by long‐term climate and vegetation type in endangered temperate woodlands (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Many factors including climate, short‐term weather and habitat can influence the distribution and abundance of biodiversity. The effects of these factors are often studied independently. Yet it is increasingly clear that many of these drivers interact with one another. In this paper for Global Change Biology, we explicitly study the interactions of long‐term climate, short‐term weather, habitat availability and life‐history attributes on bird biodiversity. Abstract Species occurrence is influenced by a range of factors including habitat attributes, climate, weather, and human landscape modification. These drivers are likely to interact, but their effects are frequently quantified independently. Here, we report the results of a 13‐year study of temperate woodland birds in south‐eastern Australia to quantify how different‐sized birds respond to the interacting effects of: (a) short‐term weather (rainfall and temperature in the 12 months preceding our surveys), (b) long‐term climate (average rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures over the period 1970–2014), and (c) broad structural forms of vegetation (old‐growth woodland, regrowth woodland, and restoration plantings). We uncovered significant interactions between bird body size, vegetation type, climate, and weather. High short‐term rainfall was associated with decreased occurrence of large birds in old‐growth and regrowth woodland, but not in restoration plantings. Conversely, small bird occurrence peaked in wet years, but this effect was most pronounced in locations with a history of high rainfall, and was actually reversed (peak occurrence in dry years) in restoration plantings in dry climates. The occurrence of small birds was depressed—and large birds elevated—in hot years, except in restoration plantings which supported few large birds under these circumstances. Our investigation suggests that different mechanisms may underpin contrasting responses of small and large birds to the interacting effects of climate, weather, and vegetation type. A diversity of vegetation cover is needed across a landscape to promote the occurrence of different‐sized bird species in agriculture‐dominated landscapes, particularly under variable weather conditions. Climate change is predicted to lead to widespread drying of our study region, and restoration plantings—especially currently climatically wet areas—may become critically important for conserving bird species, particularly small‐bodied taxa.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Synergistic interactions between fire and browsing drive plant diversity in a forest understorey (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: Questions Does browsing by large herbivores affect forest understorey diversity by modifying assemblage dominance? Does fire interact with browsing to affect forest understorey diversity? Does this interaction occur via a numerically mediated or functionally moderated pathway? Location Booderee National Park, Jervis Bay Territory, south-eastern Australia. Methods We tested the interactive effects of fire and browsing by native herbivores on understorey plant diversity using a randomized blocked experiment in an open eucalypt forest. We monitored the percentage cover of every vascular plant species in 24 sites over four experimental blocks. We applied a different treatment to each of the six sites in the four blocks. Treatments were a factorial combination of three levels of herbivory treatment (open, partial exclosure, full exclosure) and two levels of prescribed fire treatment (burned, unburned). Results Browsing increased plant community dominance and reduced evenness and diversity, but only in burned sites. Heavy browsing following fire created an understorey dominated by an unpalatable, fire-resistant fern species (bracken, Pteridium esculentum ). This fire–browsing interaction was driven by both numerically mediated and functionally moderated pathways: Fire both increased local browsing intensity, and amplified the per-unit effect of herbivores on the plant community. Conclusions The altered competitive environment after fire, combined with heavy post-fire browsing created a depauperate understorey, dominated by bracken. The ability of bracken to suppress the establishment of other plants means that, once established, this fern-dominated understorey may be difficult to reverse. Our results demonstrate the key role of fire–browsing interactions in forest vegetation dynamics and highlight the importance of integrating large herbivore management with fire planning in forest ecosystems. We studied the effects of fire-herbivore interactions on plant diversity in a eucalypt forest understory. Browsing increased community dominance and reduced evenness and diversity in burnt, but not unburnt sites. The altered competitive conditions and heavy browsing that followed burning created a depauperate understory, dominated by ferns. We emphasise the importance of integrating herbivore management with fire planning in forests.
    Print ISSN: 1100-9233
    Electronic ISSN: 1654-1103
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS).
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  • 5
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    Intrinsic Stability of the Smallest Possible Silver Nanotube (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-10
    Description: Author(s): P. A. S. Autreto, M. J. Lagos, F. Sato, J. Bettini, A. R. Rocha, V. Rodrigues, D. Ugarte, and D. S. Galvao Recently, Lagos et al. [Nature Nanotech. 4, 149 (2009)] reported the discovery of the smallest possible Ag nanotube with a square cross section. Ab initio density functional theory calculations strongly support that the stability of these hollow structures is structurally intrinsic and not the res... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 065501] Published Wed Feb 09, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Mechanical Deformation of Nanoscale Metal Rods: When Size and Shape Matter (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-03
    Description: Author(s): M. J. Lagos, F. Sato, D. S. Galvão, and D. Ugarte Face centered cubic metals deform mainly by propagating partial dislocations generating planar fault ribbons. How do metals deform if the size is smaller than the fault ribbons? We studied the elongation of Au and Pt nanorods by in situ electron microscopy and ab initio calculations. Planar fault ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 055501] Published Wed Feb 02, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Ground state study of the thin ferromagnetic nano-islands for artificial spin ice arrays (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-03
    Description: In this work, we used numerical simulations to study the magnetic ground state of the thin elongated (elliptical) ferromagnetic nano-islands made of Permalloy. In these systems, the effects of demagnetization of dipolar source generate a strong magnetic anisotropy due to particle shape, defining two fundamental magnetic ground state configurations—vortex or type C. To describe the system, we considered a model Hamiltonian in which the magnetic moments interact through exchange and dipolar potentials. We studied the competition between the vortex states and aligned states—type C—as a function of the shape of each elliptical nano-islands and constructed a phase diagram vortex—type C state. Our results show that it is possible to obtain the elongated nano-islands in the C-state with aspect ratios less than 2, which is interesting from the technological point of view because it will be possible to use smaller islands in spin ice arrays. Generally, the experimental spin ice arrangements are made with quite elongated particles with aspect ratio approximately 3 to ensure the C-state.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    IJERPH, Vol. 16, Pages 1181: Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance (2019)
    MDPI
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
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    CLP1 links tRNA metabolism to progressive motor-neuron loss (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-12
    Description: CLP1 was the first mammalian RNA kinase to be identified. However, determining its in vivo function has been elusive. Here we generated kinase-dead Clp1 (Clp1(K/K)) mice that show a progressive loss of spinal motor neurons associated with axonal degeneration in the peripheral nerves and denervation of neuromuscular junctions, resulting in impaired motor function, muscle weakness, paralysis and fatal respiratory failure. Transgenic rescue experiments show that CLP1 functions in motor neurons. Mechanistically, loss of CLP1 activity results in accumulation of a novel set of small RNA fragments, derived from aberrant processing of tyrosine pre-transfer RNA. These tRNA fragments sensitize cells to oxidative-stress-induced p53 (also known as TRP53) activation and p53-dependent cell death. Genetic inactivation of p53 rescues Clp1(K/K) mice from the motor neuron loss, muscle denervation and respiratory failure. Our experiments uncover a mechanistic link between tRNA processing, formation of a new RNA species and progressive loss of lower motor neurons regulated by p53.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674495/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanada, Toshikatsu -- Weitzer, Stefan -- Mair, Barbara -- Bernreuther, Christian -- Wainger, Brian J -- Ichida, Justin -- Hanada, Reiko -- Orthofer, Michael -- Cronin, Shane J -- Komnenovic, Vukoslav -- Minis, Adi -- Sato, Fuminori -- Mimata, Hiromitsu -- Yoshimura, Akihiko -- Tamir, Ido -- Rainer, Johannes -- Kofler, Reinhard -- Yaron, Avraham -- Eggan, Kevin C -- Woolf, Clifford J -- Glatzel, Markus -- Herbst, Ruth -- Martinez, Javier -- Penninger, Josef M -- K99NS077435-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P 19223/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- P 21667/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- R00 NS077435/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038253/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 28;495(7442):474-80. doi: 10.1038/nature11923. Epub 2013 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23474986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Death ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism/pathology ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/*metabolism/*pathology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Neuromuscular Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/genetics/*metabolism ; Respiration ; Spinal Nerves/cytology ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Tyrosine/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Meeting the Global Ecosystem Collapse Challenge (2017)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-03
    Description: Natural systems are declining at an unparalleled rate. To prompt conservation of ecosystems, the IUCN has developed a framework to assess ecosystem threat. By 2025, the IUCN aims to assess the collapse risk of all the world's ecosystems using this framework. This increases the pressure to refine tractable methods to predict collapse. However, there has been no systematic review of whether predicting collapse is possible and practical , which is impeding consistent and comparable assessments of ecosystem threat. Here, we conduct such a review and highlight six areas of concern – stemming from the findings of our review – in need of immediate attention to progress work on assessing ecosystem collapse and the application of such assessments to the management of at-risk ecosystems. These are: (1) better conceptualisations of ecosystems, (2) better conceptualisations of ecosystem collapse, (3) improved integration of theory, experimentation and practice, (4) improved surrogates and early warning indicators of ecosystem collapse, (5) the implementation of management experiments to enhance understanding of ecosystem stability, and (6) ensuring RLE listings result in the conservation of biodiversity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Print ISSN: 1755-263X
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-263X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Society for Conservation Biology.
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