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  • 1
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    Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States, with estimates of 4 million HCV-infected individuals in the United States and 170 million worldwide. Most (70-80%) HCV infections persist and about 30% of individuals with persistent infection develop chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiological, viral and host factors have been associated with the differences in HCV clearance or persistence, and studies have demonstrated that a strong host immune response against HCV favours viral clearance. Thus, variation in genes involved in the immune response may contribute to the ability to clear the virus. In a recent genome-wide association study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs12979860) 3 kilobases upstream of the IL28B gene, which encodes the type III interferon IFN-3, was shown to associate strongly with more than a twofold difference in response to HCV drug treatment. To determine the potential effect of rs12979860 variation on outcome to HCV infection in a natural history setting, we genotyped this variant in HCV cohorts comprised of individuals who spontaneously cleared the virus (n = 388) or had persistent infection (n = 620). We show that the C/C genotype strongly enhances resolution of HCV infection among individuals of both European and African ancestry. To our knowledge, this is the strongest and most significant genetic effect associated with natural clearance of HCV, and these results implicate a primary role for IL28B in resolution of HCV infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, David L -- Thio, Chloe L -- Martin, Maureen P -- Qi, Ying -- Ge, Dongliang -- O'Huigin, Colm -- Kidd, Judith -- Kidd, Kenneth -- Khakoo, Salim I -- Alexander, Graeme -- Goedert, James J -- Kirk, Gregory D -- Donfield, Sharyne M -- Rosen, Hugo R -- Tobler, Leslie H -- Busch, Michael P -- McHutchison, John G -- Goldstein, David B -- Carrington, Mary -- HHSN261200800001E/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA013324/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DK60590/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01HD41224/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HL076902/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 DA004334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):798-801. doi: 10.1038/nature08463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa/ethnology ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/drug effects/*immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/*genetics/*immunology/virology ; Humans ; Interleukins/*genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells provide a central defense against viral infection by using inhibitory and activation receptors for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules as a means of controlling their activity. We show that genes encoding the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL3 and its human leukocyte antigen C group 1 (HLA-C1) ligand directly influence resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This effect was observed in Caucasians and African Americans with expected low infectious doses of HCV but not in those with high-dose exposure, in whom the innate immune response is likely overwhelmed. The data strongly suggest that inhibitory NK cell interactions are important in determining antiviral immunity and that diminished inhibitory responses confer protection against HCV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khakoo, Salim I -- Thio, Chloe L -- Martin, Maureen P -- Brooks, Collin R -- Gao, Xiaojiang -- Astemborski, Jacquie -- Cheng, Jie -- Goedert, James J -- Vlahov, David -- Hilgartner, Margaret -- Cox, Steven -- Little, Ann-Margeret -- Alexander, Graeme J -- Cramp, Matthew E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Rosenberg, William M C -- Thomas, David L -- Carrington, Mary -- DA00441/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA04334/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13324/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CP-01004/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-CP-33002/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HD-4-3200/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):872-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liver Group, Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, Southampton University, Southampton 5016 6YD, UK. sik@soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans/genetics ; Alleles ; Blood Transfusion ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Female ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Hepacivirus/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/genetics/*immunology/transmission/virology ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Ligands ; Male ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, KIR ; Receptors, KIR2DL1 ; Receptors, KIR2DL3 ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pacemaker digital electrocardiograph for accurate measurements of pacemaker pulse amplitude, width and rate in the assessment of implanted cardiac pacemakers (1972)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 10 (1972), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Au cours des dernières 8 années plus de 170 malades de la région de Glasgow ont reçu des implantations d'entraineurs cardiaques. Tous ces malades se rendent aux cliniques d'entraineurs pour des examens clinicaux et électroniques. La technique de Vecteur Plat Frontal d'Entraineur développé à Glasgow a permis de déceler beaucoup de changements dans la fonction de l'entraineur souvant avant que les symptômes clinicaux ne soient apparus. Jusqu'ici des mesures ont été faites utilisant un oscilloscope différentiel calibré: l'Electrocardiographe Digital d'Entraineur décrit dans ce texte offre une précision améliorée de la mesure du Vecteur Plat Frontal d'Entraineur permettant ainsi un développement supplémentaire de la technique ci-dessus. L'instrument mesure également la largeur et le régime d'impulsions de l'entraineur à±0,1 pour cent près ce qui devrait suffir à déceler le vieillissement des générateurs Madtroniques ‘régime stable’ plus récents (type 5862—régime fixe et type 5842—QRS blocking).
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Im Laufe der letzten 8 Jahre erhielten über 170 Patienten im Gebiet von Glasgow Herz-Pacemaker als Implantation. Alle diese Patienten besuchen Pacemaker-Kliniken, in denen sowohl klinische wie elektronische Prüfungen durchgeführt werden. Die in Glasgow entwickelte Pacemaker-Frontal Plane Vector-Methode ermöglichte es, zahlreiche Änderungen der Schrittmacherfunktion oft vor dem Auftreten von klinischen Symptomen festzustellen. Bisher wurden die Messungen mit Hilfe eines geeichten Differential-Oszilloskops durchgeführt; der im vorliegenden Artikel beschriebene Digital-Electrokardiograph bietet höhere Meßgenauigkeit des Pacemaker-Frontal Plane Vectors und ermöglicht dadurch Weiterentwicklung des obigen Verfahrens. Das Instrument mißt außerdem die Impulsbreite und-geschwindigkeit des Pacemakers mit einer Genauigkeit von ±0,1 Prozent, was ausreichen dürfte, um Altern des neueren Medtronic ‘Rate-stable’-Generators (Typ 5862—feststehende Geschwindigkeit und Type 5842—QRS Block) aufzufinden.
    Notes: Abstract During the past 8 yr over 170 patients in the Glasgow area have received cardiac pacemaker implants. All such patients attend pacemaker clinics at which both clinical and electronic examinations are carried out. The Pacemaker Frontal Plane Vector technique developed in Glasgow has enabled many changes in pacing function to be detected, often before clinical symptoms appear. Hitherto measurements have been made using a calibrated differential oscilloscope: the Pacemaker Digital Electrocardiograph described in this paper offers improved accuracy in the measurement of the Pacemaker Frontal Plane Vector thus enabling further development of the above technique. The instrument also measures pacemaker pulse width and rate with an accuracy of ±0·1 per cent which should be sufficient to detect ageing of the newer Medtronic ‘rate-stable’ generators (type 5862—fixed rate and type 5842—QRS blocking).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02474220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvements in the technique of assessing implanted cardiac pacemakers (1974)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 12 (1974), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Cardiac pacemakers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire A l'heure actuelle, plus de 250 malades subissent un traitement dans les services spécialisés de trois hôpitaux de Glasgow. Depuis 1968 on utilise dans ces services la technique du vecteur planfrontal du pacemaker de même que d'autres investigations ayant pour but de détecter les changements adverses du pacemaker ou de sa fonction rythmique. On décreit un vectocardiographe faisant usage de mesures simultanés par des conducteurs conventionnels d'électrocardiogramme pour les membres, afin de fournir l'affichage direct du vecteur plan-frontal du pacemaker sur écran d'oscillgraphe.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zur Zeit werden über werden ûber 250 Schrittmacher-Patienten in drei Glasgower Krankenhäusern ambulant behandelt. Seit 1968 wird in disen Krankenhäusern das Schrittmachervektor-Frontalebenenverfahren gemeinsam mit anderen Untersuchungen dazu eingesetzt, nachteilige Veränderungen in der Schrittmacherfunktion oder im Schrittmacher selbst aufzudecken. Es wird ein Schrittmacher-Verktorkardiograf beschrieben, bei dem gleichzeitig Messungen mit konventionellen EKG-Gliederleitungen vorgenommen werden, die direkt auf dem Bildschirm eines Oszilloskops den Schrittmacher-Frontalebenenvektor darstellen.
    Notes: Abstract Over 250 pacemaker patients currently attend pacemaker clinics in three Glasgow hospitals. Since 1968, the pacemaker frontal-plane vector technique has been used at these clinics along with other investigations to detect adverse changes in the pacing function, or in the pacemaker itself. A pacemaker vectorcardiograph, which employs simultaneous measurements on conventional e.c.g. limb Leads, gives direct display on an oscilloscope screen of the pacemaker frontal-plane vector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02477219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vectorcardiograph for assessing implanted cardiac pacemakers (1974)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 12 (1974), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire On décrit un vectocardiographe pacemaker servant à évaluer tous les types et marques de pacemakers implantés. La technique fait usage de mesures simultanées par des conducteurs conventionnels fixés sur les membres, rendant possible l'affichage sur écran d'oscillographe soit du vecteur plan-frontal du pacemaker, soit des composantes horizontale et verticale simultanément de l'électrocardiogramme en question. Le vectocardiographe pacemaker a permis de simplifier, l'application de la technique du vecteur plan-frontal pacemaker sur plus de 250 malades porteurs de l'instrument et en cours de traitement dans les services de trois hôpitaux de Glasgow.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt einen Schrittmacher-Vektorkardiograf zur Beurteilung von eingepflanzten Herzschrittmachern aller Art. Die gleichzeitige Messung mit konventionellen Gliederleitungen und die direkte Darstellung auf dem Bildschirm eines Oszilloskops von entweder der Schrittmachervektor-Frontalebene oder gleichzeitig der senkrechten und horizontalen Komponenten eines durch Schrittmacher beeinflußten EKGs sind möglich. Der Schrittmacher-Vektorkardiograf hat die Anwendung des Schrittmachervektor-Frontalebenenverfahrens an über 250 Schrittmacher-Patienten, die derzeitig ambulant in drei Glasgower Krankenhäusern behandelt werden, vereinfacht.
    Notes: Abstract A pacemaker vectorcardiograph for the assessment of all makes and types of implanted cardiac pacemaker is described. Simultaneous measurement on conventional limb leads is employed and direct display on an oscilloscope screen, either of the pacemaker frontal-plane vector, or simultaneously of the vertical and horizontal components of the paced electrocardiogram, are possible. The pacemaker vectorcardiograph has simplified the application of the pacemaker-frontal-plane-vector technique to over 250 pacemaker patients who currently attend clinics in three Glasgow hospitals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02477220
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pacemaker digital electrocardiograph for accurate assessment of implanted cardiac pacemakers (1971)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 9 (1971), S. 503-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Pendant les derniers 8 ans, plus de 170 patients dans la région de Glasgow ont reçu des implantés d'entraîneurs cardiaques. Tous ces malades fréquentent des cliniques spécialisées ou sont exécutés des examens cliniques et électroniques. La technique du Vecteur du Plan Frontal de l'Entraîneur, développée à Glasgow, a permis de découvrir des nombreux changements dans la fonction de l'entraînement, souvent avant l'apparition des symptômes cliniques. Jusqu'ici, des mesurages étaient faits en utilisant un oscilloscope différentiel calibré; l'Electrocardiographe Digital de l'Entraîneur décrit dans ce mémoire, offre une précision améliorée dans le mesurage du vecteur du plan frontal, en permettant ainsi d'autres développements de la technique susmentionnée. L'instrument mesure aussi l'amplitude et la fréquence du pouls avec une précision de ±0,1 pour cent qui devrait être suffisante pour découvrir le vieillissement des génerateurs Medtronic de ‘fréquence stable’ (type 5862—fréquence fixée et type 5842—qui bloque le QRS).
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Während der vergangenen 8 Jahre haben 170 Patienten im Gebiet um Glasgow Implantationen von Herzschrittmachern erhalten. Alle Patienten nehmen an klinischen Untersuchungen im Schrittmachen teil, bei denen sowohl klinische und elektronische Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Die Technik des Schrittmachervektors der Frontalebene, die in Glasgow entwickelt wurde, hat viele Änderungen in der Feststellung der Schrittfunktion, oft vor Erscheinen klinischer Symptome möglich gemacht. Bisher sind Messungen mit Hilfe eines kalibrierten Differentialoszilloskops gemacht worden. Der in diesem Bericht beschriebene Digitale Schrittmacher Elektrokardiograph ermöglicht verbesserte Genauigkeit in der Messung des Schrittmachervektors der Frontalebene und macht somit weitere Entwicklung der oben beschriebenen Technik möglich. Der Apparat misst auch die Breite und Geschwindigkeit des Schrittmacherpulses mit einer Genauigkeit von ±0,1 Prozent, was ausreichend zur Ermittlung des Alterns der neueren Medtronic ‘geschwindigkeitsfesten’ Generatoren (Typ 5862—feste Geschwindigkeit und Typ 5842—QRS Blockierung) sein sollte.
    Notes: Abstract During the past 8 yr over 170 patients in the Glasgow area have received cardiac pacemaker implants. All such patients attend pacemaker clinics at which both clinical and electronic examinations are carried out. The Pacemaker Frontal Plane Vector technique developed in Glasgow has enabled many changes in pacing function to be detected, often before clinical symptoms appear. Hitherto, measurements have been made using a calibrated differential oscilloscope: the Pacemaker Digital Electrocardiographic described in this paper offers improved accuracy in the measurement of the pacemaker frontal plane vector thus enabling further development of the above technique. The instrument also measures pacemaker pulse width and rate with an accuracy of ±0·1 per cent which should be sufficient to detect ageing of the newer Medtronic ‘rate-stable’ generators (type 5862—fixed rate and type 5842—QRS blocking).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02474707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of rotationally periodic structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errors in natural frequency calculations using eigenvalue economization (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1521-1527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The eigenvalue economization process is an efficient way of reducing the size of eigenvalue problems to manageable proportions, at the expense of introducing approximations. The use of automatic criteria for selecting the slave variables to be eliminated has considerably eased the use of this technique recently. However, it is necessary to ensure that unacceptable errors are not introduced by the condensation process. Until recently, there has been little available to guide the user in estimating errors except past experience. In this paper, the errors introduced in the condensation process are considered theoretically, using an algebraic approach. This enables an absolute error bound to be stated, together with an approximate bound which can be very easily evaluated. Examples are given of the use of the approximate bound.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181007
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  • 9
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    Predicting Cotton Lint Yield Maps from Aerial Photographs (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1385-2256
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1618
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    SDSS IV MaNGA - spatially resolved diagnostic diagrams: a proof that many galaxies are LIERs (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-17
    Description: We study the spatially resolved excitation properties of the ionized gas in a sample of 646 galaxies using integral field spectroscopy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) programme. Making use of Baldwin–Philips–Terlevich diagnostic diagrams we demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of extended (kpc scale) low-ionization emission-line regions (LIERs) in both star-forming and quiescent galaxies. In star-forming galaxies LIER emission can be associated with diffuse ionized gas, most evident as extraplanar emission in edge-on systems. In addition, we identify two main classes of galaxies displaying LIER emission: ‘central LIER’ (cLIER) galaxies, where central LIER emission is spatially extended, but accompanied by star formation at larger galactocentric distances, and ‘extended LIER’ (eLIER) galaxies, where LIER emission is extended throughout the whole galaxy. In eLIER and cLIER galaxies, LIER emission is associated with radially flat, low H α equivalent width of line emission (〈3 Å) and stellar population indices demonstrating the lack of young stellar populations, implying that line emission follows tightly the continuum due to the underlying old stellar population. The H α surface brightness radial profiles are always shallower than 1/r 2 and the line ratio [O iii ] 5007/[O ii ] 3727,29 (a tracer of the ionization parameter of the gas) shows a flat gradient. This combined evidence strongly supports the scenario in which LIER emission is not due to a central point source but to diffuse stellar sources, the most likely candidates being hot, evolved (post-asymptotic giant branch) stars. Shocks are observed to play a significant role in the ionization of the gas only in rare merging and interacting systems.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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