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  • Male  (268)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (268)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1980-1984  (268)
  • 1984  (124)
  • 1981  (144)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (268)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Springer  (1)
Years
  • 1980-1984  (268)
Year
  • 1
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    Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardin, C W -- Catterall, J F -- HD-13541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1285-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/metabolism ; Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Estradiol/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Progestins/physiology ; Proteins/secretion ; Rats ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 2
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    Saliva as a chemical cue in the development of social behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Throughout development, Mongolian gerbils engage in conspicuous naso-oral investigations of their social partners' mouth areas. The behavioral contribution of saliva-related stimuli in regulating oral-directed responses was studied during several important phases of the gerbil's social life. Weanlings were preferentially attracted to their mother's saliva, subadults at puberty preferred saliva of littermates to that of nonlittermates, and sexually experienced males preferred the saliva of estrous females to that of nonestrous females. The use of saliva as a discriminative cue during various developmental periods suggests that oral chemostimuli have a perennial role in regulating social interchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, M L -- Volpe, L C -- Hayes, M J -- R03MH 27346/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1062-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Female ; Gerbillinae/*physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Saliva/*physiology ; *Social Behavior
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  • 3
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    Living tissue formed in vitro and accepted as skin-equivalent tissue of full thickness (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Living skin-equivalent grafts consisting of fibroblasts cast in collagen lattices and seeded with epidermal cells were successfully grafted onto the donors of the cells. The grafts were vascularized, did not evoke a homograft reaction, inhibited wound contraction, filled the wound space, and persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, E -- Ehrlich, H P -- Buttle, D J -- Nakatsuji, T -- GN25561/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7008197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; *Collagen ; Epidermis/cytology ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts/*transplantation ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Rats ; *Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing
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  • 4
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    Chemical triggering of reproduction in Microtus montanus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: In a replicated experiment, nonbreeding winter populations of Microtus montanus were given supplements of rolled oats coated with 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, a naturally occurring plant derivative. After 3 weeks of this feeding regime, samples from the populations demonstrated a high incidence of pregnancy in females and testicular hypertrophy in males. Control populations receiving rolled oats coated only with the solvent showed no reproductive activity. These results demonstrate that the presence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone in the plant food resource acts as the ultimate cue to trigger reproductive effort in Microtus montanus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, P J -- Negus, N C -- Sanders, E H -- Gardner, P D -- RR-07092/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Benzoxazoles/*pharmacology ; Diet ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Plants ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Genetic studies of an acardiac monster: evidence of polar body twinning in man (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Two maternally derived chromosome sets and both maternal histocompatibility antigen haplotypes were identified in the tissues of a malformed triploid acardiac twin that developed within the same chorion as its normal twin. These findings indicate that the twins arose as a result of independent fertilizations, by two different spermatozoa, of a normal haploid ovum and its diploid first-meiotic-division polar body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, F R -- Nance, W E -- Morton, C C -- Brown, J A -- Redwine, F O -- Jordan, R L -- Mohanakumar, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Meiosis ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Familial studies of intelligence: a review (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- McGue, M -- 5 T32 MH14647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1055-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Morphiceptin (NH4-tyr-pro-phe-pro-COHN2): a potent and specific agonist for morphine (mu) receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The synthetic peptide NH2-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-CONH2 (morphiceptin), which is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta-casein, has morphinelike activities and is highly specific for morphine (mu) receptors but not for enkephalin (delta) receptors. It is as active as morphine in the guinea pig ileum but much less active in the mouse and rat vas deferens. The discovery of this specific morphine receptor ligand substantiates the hypothesis of multiple opiate receptors. The ligand, which may be of physiological significance since a very similar, or identical, activity can be detected in enzymatic digests of beta-casein, may prove useful for further investigation of the functions of opiate receptor subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, K J -- Lillian, A -- Hazum, E -- Cuatrecasas, P -- Chang, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Caseins/pharmacology ; Dihydromorphine/metabolism ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Naloxone/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Lactose facilitates the intestinal absorption of lead in weanling rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: The milk sugar lactose is known to facilitate calcium absorption and has been shown to enhance the uptake of essential trace metals from the intestines as well. Its physiological role as the major carbohydrate source for suckling mammals is thus complemented by its ability to facilitate the absorption of necessary minerals. The studies reported here show that the intestinal absorption of lead and its uptake into blood, liver, kidney, and bone are also increased by lactose in young weanling rats. These data extend the known range of lactose facilitation of mineral absorption to a nonessential, toxic element, confirming the nonspecificity of its action on the gut. In addition, they suggest an explanation for some of the conflicting evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of milk in lead poisoning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushnell, P J -- DeLuca, H F -- ES-05147/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Disaccharides/pharmacology ; Hexoses/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Lactose/*pharmacology ; Lead/*metabolism ; Lead Poisoning/metabolism ; Male ; Milk/metabolism ; Rats ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Entorhinal and septal inputs differentially control sensory-evoked responses in the rat dentate gyrus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Averaged sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in naive rats and in rats conditioned to respond in the presence of an auditory stimulus. Two components (negative peaks) of the potentials were functionally distinguished in terms of responsiveness to unique or conditioned auditory stimuli. Each component was independently generated by a separate input pathway to the dentate gyrus: The perforant path provided an "insignificance" or "unexpected" feature of the sensory stimulus when appropriate, and the septum controlled the development of a second component as a function of the behavioral significance of the stimulus during the acquisition of auditory discrimination behavior. A reciprocal relationship between the peak amplitudes of both components of the average evoked potentials dependent on the relative behavioral significance of the sensory stimulus was observed in all animals during extinction and reconditioning of the sensory discrimination task. The findings indicate that the entorhinal and septal projections to the dentate granule cells are activated differentially by sensory stimuli as a function of their acquired behavioral significance to the animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deadwyler, S A -- West, M O -- Robinson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rats ; Septal Nuclei/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, E -- Antin, S P -- Bilder, R M Jr -- Gerstman, L J -- Hughes, J E -- Mattis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amnesia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/injuries/*physiopathology ; Skull Fractures/complications
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Increased intracranial self-stimulation in rats after long-term administration of desipramine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: The effects of long- and short-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on intracranial self-stimulation in rats were studied with electrodes in the A10 region of the dopamine-containing cell bodies of the ventromedial tegmentum. Long-term desipramine administration resulted in a significant shift to the left in the ascending portion of the rate--current intensity function, indicating that the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system was enhanced. These findings point to a possible dopaminergic mechanism of action of antidepressants and support speculations concerning the role of dopamine-containing neurons in the pathophysiology of depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibiger, H C -- Phillips, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression/physiopathology ; Desipramine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 14
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    Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Serums and extracts of tissues from the female garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) each act as a pheromone and elicit male courtship behavior when applied to the back of another male. Since pheromonal activity is present in yolk and liver tissue of untreated females and can be induced with estrogen treatment in the serums and livers of males, the pheromone may be associated with the circulating yolk lipoprotein, vitellogenin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garstka, W R -- Crews, D -- 1 KOZ MH 00135/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- HD 12709/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Lipids/physiology ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*metabolism ; Sex Attractants/blood/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Skin/metabolism ; Snakes/*physiology ; Vitellogenins/physiology
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  • 15
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    Vagotomy abolishes cues of satiety produced by gastric distension (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez, M F -- Deutsch, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feeding Behavior ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; *Satiety Response ; Stomach/*physiology ; *Vagotomy
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  • 16
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    Rapid massive assembly of tight junction strands (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Incubation at 37 degrees C of excised rat prostate tissue results in massive proliferative assembly of new tight junction strands along the entire lengths of the lateral plasma membranes of the columnar epithelial cells. The new tight junction elements are assembled within 5 minutes and have an average length six times that of those present in the apical tight junction band. Massive assembly occurs in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide) or of metabolic uncouplers (dinitrophenol). Thus, proliferative assembly of tight junction strands involves molecular reorganization from a pool of preexisting, probably membrane-associated, components. The fascia occludens and some examples of experimentally induced tight junction proliferation may reflect the massive emergence of tight junction strands when tissue is subjected to diverse stressful conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kachar, B -- Pinto da Silva, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Prostate/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 17
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    An endocrine approach to the control of epidermal growth: serum-free cultivation of human keratinocytes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Human keratinocytes, derived from the skin of newborns and of adults, were grown in the complete absence of serum, in a hormone-supplemented medium on fibronectin-coated cell culture dishes at low seed density. The cell culture medium consisted of Medium 199 containing epidermal growth factor, triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, Cohn fraction IV, insulin, transferrin, bovine brain extract, and trace elements. Removal of the brain extract from the hormone supplement had a greater negative impact on proliferation of the keratinocyte cultures than did the removal of epidermal growth factor, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine or Cohn fraction IV. The growth of keratinocytes in this hormone-supplemented medium suggests that control of keratinocyte growth depends in large part on endocrine stimulation by other body organs, including the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maciag, T -- Nemore, R E -- Weinstein, R -- Gilchrest, B A -- AG 0599/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HO 07374/HO/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6970413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Chemistry ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques/*methods ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Face ; Fibronectins ; Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Penis ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Skin/*cytology/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Hibernation and longevity in the Turkish hamster Mesocricetus brandti (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: A positive correlation was found between the length of life of 288 Turkish hamsters and the amount of time spent in hibernation, suggesting that the process of aging is slowed during hibernation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyman, C P -- O'Brien, R C -- Greene, G C -- Papafrangos, E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cricetinae/*physiology ; Female ; *Hibernation ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*physiology ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Temperature
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  • 19
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    Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual differentiation of reproductive and behavior patterns is largely effected by hormones produced by the gonads. In many higher vertebrates, an integral part of this process is the induction of permanent and essentially irreversible sex differences in central nervous function, in response to gonadal hormones secreted early in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLusky, N J -- Naftolin, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1294-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Brain/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/*embryology/physiology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Ovary/secretion ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testis/secretion ; Time Factors ; alpha-Fetoproteins/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Modulation of parallel fiber excitability by postsynaptically mediated changes in extracellular potassium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: Field potentials and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) were simultaneously monitored in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex during stimulation of the parallel fibers. The synaptic field potential elicited by stimulation was reduced by several methods. Reduction of synaptic field potentials was accompanied by a marked increase in the excitability of the parallel fibers. This change in excitability was related to the degree of extracellular K+ accumulation associated with parallel fiber stimulation. These findings support the proposal that increases in [K+]o associated with activity in postsynaptic elements can modulate the excitability of presynaptic afferent fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malenka, R C -- Kocsis, J D -- Ransom, B R -- Waxman, S G -- NS 15589/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-00473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/*physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cerebellar Cortex/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Male ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synapses/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Intrathecal interferon reduces exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: Ten patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) for 6 months showed a significant reduction in their exacerbation rates compared with their rates before treatment (P 〈 .01). The IFN-B was administered intrathecally by serial lumbar punctures. There was no significant change in the exacerbation rates of ten multiple sclerosis control patients before and during the period of observation. The IFN-B recipients have now been on the study a mean of 1.5 years, the controls, 1.2 years. The clinical condition of five of the IFN-B recipients and one of the control patients has improved, whereas the condition of five of the controls and one of the IFN-B recipients has deteriorated (P 〈 .036). These findings warrant cautious optimism about the efficacy of intrathecal IFN-B in altering the course of multiple sclerosis and support concepts of a viral or dysimmune etiology of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, L -- O'Malley, J -- Freeman, A -- Ekes, R -- CA-18533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Cancer incidence in the Love Canal area (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Data from the New York Cancer Registry show no evidence for higher cancer rates associated with residence near the Love Canal toxic waste burial site in comparison with the entire state outside of New York City. Rates of liver cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, which were selected for special attention, were not consistently elevated. Among the other cancers studied, a higher rate was noted only for respiratory cancer, but it was not consistent across age groups and appeared to be related to a high rate for the entire city of Niagara Falls. There was no evidence that the lung cancer rate was associated with the toxic wastes buried at the dump site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janerich, D T -- Burnett, W S -- Feck, G -- Hoff, M -- Nasca, P -- Polednak, A P -- Greenwald, P -- Vianna, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lymphoma/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; New York ; Registries ; Soil Pollutants/*adverse effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Electroconvulsive shock increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain and adrenal gland of the rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: A single application of electroconvulsive shock produced a rapid but short-lasting increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity above control values in the rat adrenal medulla and striatum. After repeated electroconvulsive shock treatment (once per day for 7 days), tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased significantly in the locus ceruleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex and remained elevated for 4 to 8 days. Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased 1 day after the termination of repeated electroconvulsive shock treatments and remained elevated for at least 24 days, possibly reflecting the establishment of a new and higher steady-state level of catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal. These findings suggest that the persistent changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity produced by repeated electroconvulsive shock may be a factor contributing to the long-lasting antidepressant effects of this treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masserano, J M -- Takimoto, G S -- Weiner, N -- NS 07927/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*enzymology ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; *Electroshock ; Enzyme Induction ; Locus Coeruleus/enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from a tryptophan pyrolyzate (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: The compounds 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, which are potent mutagens in a tryptophan pyrolyzate, ar hepatic carcinogens when given orally to mice at concentrations of 200 parts per million in a pellet diet. Female mice showed higher susceptibilities to both compounds than male mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsukura, N -- Kawachi, T -- Morino, K -- Ohgaki, H -- Sugimura, T -- Takayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/*pharmacology ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutagens/*pharmacology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Sex Factors
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  • 25
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    Stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization by prolactin in vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: In vitamin D-deficient rats intestinal calcium transport increased significantly 4 hours after an injection of prolactin, reached a maximum after 8 hours, and declined to preinjection levels after 24 hours. Similarly, in vitamin D-deficient rats fed a diet low in calcium or phosphorus prolactin stimulated an increase in serum calcium in both groups and an increase in serum phosphorus in the rats fed the diet low in phosphorus. Thus it appears that prolactin affects organs involved in calcium regulation in a manner that is independent of the vitamin D endocrine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pahuja, D N -- DeLuca, H F -- AM-14881/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1038-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Intestine, Small/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Prolactin/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 26
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of a testicular substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: A substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was demonstrated, by immunohistochemical procedures, in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells within the rat testes. In many seminiferous tubules, nuclei of spermatogonial cells were also immunopositive. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of testicular homogenates contain immunoreactive compounds, and this report identifies which cell types contain this substance. The localization of a peptide hormone within the nucleus of a target cell population may indicate its mode of action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paull, W K -- Turkelson, C M -- Thomas, C R -- Arimura, A -- HD14761/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7022653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogonia/metabolism ; Testis/*metabolism
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  • 27
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    Brain tumors in children and occupational exposure of parents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, F M -- Preston-Martin, S -- Yu, M C -- P01CA17054/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA20571/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects ; Brain Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Risk ; Skin Absorption ; Solvents
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  • 28
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    Auditory intensity discrimination after selective loss of cochlear outer hair cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: The contributions of the inner and outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea to auditory intensity discrimination were evaluated in a combined behavioral-anatomical study of the guinea pig. Intensity difference thresholds were unchanged from baseline values after selective destruction of outer hair cells, suggesting that those cells are unnecessary for normal intensity discrimination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prosen, C A -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- Hawkins, J E Jr -- NS 05065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 05785/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1286-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Auditory Threshold/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects/physiology ; *Hearing/drug effects ; Kanamycin/pharmacology ; Male
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    Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Mice fed a purified diet low in copper display anemia, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed concentrations of liver copper, and elevated concentrations of liver iron. An impaired humoral-mediated immune response (decreased numbers of antibody-producing cells) is observed in mice with severe as well as marginal copper deficiency. The magnitude of this impairment is highly correlated with the degree of functional copper deficiency (hypoceruloplasminemia).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prohaska, J R -- Lukasewycz, O A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ceruloplasmin/metabolism ; Copper/*deficiency/pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/drug effects
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    Medical therapies for mood disorders alter the blood-brain barrier (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The effects of amitriptyline, lithium, and electroconvulsive shock on cerebral permeability and blood flow were tested. These three treatments share in common (i) the ability to influence the functional activity of central adrenergic neurons by way of effects on the release, reuptake, or metabolism of norepinephrine and (ii) therapeutic efficacy in mood disturbances. Under control conditions, cerebral permeability increases linealy with increasing arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hence cerebral blood flow. All three treatments altered this relationship in a manner consistent with their adrenergic effects. Amitriptyline potentiated this increase in cerebral permeability whereas lithium and electroconvulsive shock blunted this phenomenon. These results support the hypothesis that one function of central adrenergic neurons is regulation of the blood-brain barrier and raise the possibility that a related effect may underlie the clinical usefulness of such treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preskorn, S H -- Irwin, G H -- Simpson, S -- Friesen, D -- Rinne, J -- Jerkovich, G -- GM15956/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-00272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS17252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amitriptyline/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Electroshock ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
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  • 31
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    Vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein: immunocytochemical localization in chick kidney (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: A vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in the chick kidney that was detected by immunocytochemical techniques was localized exclusively in the distal convoluted tubule, the initial collecting tubule, and the early part of the collecting tubule. The intercalated (mitochondria-rich) cells in these tubular segments were negative for the calcium binding protein. Subcellularly, the protein was found in the cytosol and the nucleus of the tubular cells. The results suggest a role for vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in intracellular calcium metabolism rather than a direct involvement in membrane-mediated calcium reabsorption in the avian kidney.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, J -- Thorens, B -- Hunziker, W -- Norman, A W -- Orci, L -- AM-09012/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-14, 750/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):197-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chickens ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Kidney/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 32
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
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  • 33
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    Pentobarbital: dual actions to increase brain benzodiazepine receptor affinity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: The binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors was studied in extensively washed membranes of rat cerebral cortex in the presence of the depressant barbiturate, pentobarbital. Pentobarbital, like the endogenous neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increased the basal binding and also potentiated the GABA-enhanced binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors by increasing the apparent affinity of [3H]diazepam for the benzodiazepine receptor. The concentrations of pentobarbital necessary to elicit these effects in vitro are the same as those observed after treatment with pharmacologically relevant doses, suggesting that a common neurochemical association may exist between these types of compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, P -- Moncada, V -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Male ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Stimulation, Chemical ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Studies in histocompatibility (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snell, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):172-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Heterozygote ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Pedigree ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 35
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    Biopterin cofactor biosynthesis: independent regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase in adrenal medulla and cortex (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate-limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viveros, O H -- Lee, C L -- Abou-Donia, M M -- Nixon, J C -- Nichol, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/drug effects/*enzymology ; Adrenal Glands/innervation ; Adrenal Medulla/drug effects/*enzymology ; Aminohydrolases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopterin/*biosynthesis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Denervation ; GTP Cyclohydrolase/*metabolism ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pteridines/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology
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    Meprobamate reduces accuracy of physiological detection of deception (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Normal male subjects attempted to deceive an experimenter recording electrodermal, respiratory, an cardiovascular activity. Those who had ingested a placebo or nothing were detected with statistically significant frequency on the basis of their phasic electrodermal responses, which clearly distinguished them from truthful suspects. That was not the case with deceptive subjects who had ingested 400 milligrams of meprobamate, nor did the examiner detect which subjects had received the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waid, W M -- Orne, E C -- Cook, M R -- Orne, M T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Galvanic Skin Response/drug effects ; Humans ; *Lie Detection ; Male ; Meprobamate/*pharmacology ; Overlearning ; Respiration/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/physiology
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    Vitellogenesis and the vitellogenin gene family (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Vitellogenin is synthesized under estrogen control in the liver, extensively modified, transported to the ovary, and there processed to the yolk proteins lipovitellin and phosvitin. In the frog Xenopus laevis there are at least four distinct but related vitellogenin genes. The two genes A1 and A2 have a 95 percent sequence homology in their messenger RNA coding regions, and contain 33 introns that interrupt the coding region (exons) at homologous positions. Sequences and lengths of analogous introns differ, and many introns contain repetitive DNA elements. The introns in these two genes that have apparently arisen by duplication have diverged extensively by events that include deletions, insertions, and probably duplications. Rapid evolutionary change involving rearrangements and the presence of repeated DNA suggests that the bulk of the sequences within introns may not have any specific function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wahli, W -- Dawid, I B -- Ryffel, G U -- Weber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):298-304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; *Genes ; Lipoproteins/*genetics ; Liver/secretion ; Male ; Oocytes/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Vitellogenins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Xenopus laevis/*genetics/metabolism
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    Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Arginine vasopressin and a number of its synthetic analogs augment memory functions in experimental animals. One of these analogs, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), influences human learning and memory. Cognitively unimpaired, as well as cognitively impaired adults, treated with DDAVP for a period of several days, learn information more effectively, as measured by the completeness, organization, and consistency (reliability) of recall. DDAVP also appears to reverse partially the retrograde amnesia that follows electroconvulsive treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Gold, P -- Ballenger, J C -- Smallberg, S A -- Summers, R -- Rubinow, D R -- Post, R M -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Middle Aged
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    The hormonal control of sexual development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J D -- George, F W -- Griffin, J E -- AM03892/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Gonadotropins/physiology ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Mullerian Ducts ; Ovary/embryology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/secretion ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Urogenital System/embryology ; Wolffian Ducts
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    Genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: A genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) has been identified in a colony of Brittany spaniels. Immunochemical methods show no detectable C3 in the serum of the affected dogs, and there is no evidence of an inhibitor of C3 in the serum. The C3 deficiency appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winkelstein, J A -- Cork, L C -- Griffin, D E -- Griffin, J W -- Adams, R J -- Price, D L -- AI-11637/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-00130/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1169-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complement C3/deficiency/*genetics ; Dog Diseases/genetics ; Dogs ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote Detection ; Homozygote ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy/genetics/veterinary ; Pedigree
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  • 41
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    Gene for neuraminidase activity on mouse chromosome 17 near h-2: pleiotropic effects on multiple hydrolases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The low activity of liver neuraminidase that is characteristic of mouse strain SM/J is inherited as a single gene on chromosome 17, near the major histocompatibility complex. This gene, neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1), is represented by the low activity allele Neu-1s in SM/J and the high activity allele Neu-1b in C57BL/6J and most other strains. Previously described variations in the posttranslational processing of acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase-B, and alpha-glucosidase are attributed to pleiotropic effects of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Womack, J E -- Yan, D L -- Potier, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):63-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics/metabolism ; Neuraminidase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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    Stress-induced analgesia in humans: endogenous opioids and naloxone-reversible depression of pain reflexes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The cumulative effects of a repetitive stress induced by anticipation of pain (noxious foot shock) were studied on the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb. The threshold of the nociceptive reflex progressively increased with the repetition of the stress. This effect was reversed by naloxone, which even produced hyperalgesia, since a rapid and significant decrease in this threshold, below the initial values, was noted. Tha data provide evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia in normal man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willer, J C -- Dehen, H -- Cambier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Reflex/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Electroencephalographic tolerance and abstinence phenomena during repeated alcohol ingestion by nonalcoholics (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Certain measures of the auditory average evoked response are sensitive to alcohol and provide evidence for abstinence and tolerance during and after 10 days of alcohol consumption by nonalcoholics. Electroencephalographic techniques provide a single sensitive measure for the study of the etiology of tolerance and abstinence with particular reference to a new area of investigation with nonaddicted humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zilm, D H -- Kaplan, H L -- Capell, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*physiopathology ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Eye Movements/drug effects ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Posture/drug effects ; *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
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    Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: The development of paranoid reactions was investigated in normal people experiencing a temporary loss of hearing. In a social setting, subjects made partially deaf by hypnotic suggestion, but kept unaware of the source of their deafness, became more paranoid as indicated on a variety of assessment measures. The results support a hypothesizes cognitive-social mechanism for the clinically observed relationship between paranoia and deafness in the elderly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimbardo, P G -- Andersen, S M -- Kabat, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Hearing Loss/*psychology ; Hearing Loss, Functional/*psychology ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Male ; Paranoid Disorders/*etiology ; Personality Tests
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    Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Cancer and diet (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 18;224(4650):658,660,662 passim.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/*etiology
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    Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans genes lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 cause heterochronic developmental defects: the timing of specific developmental events in several tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. These defects result from temporal transformations in the fates of specific cells, that is, certain cells express fates normally expressed by cells generated at other developmental stages. The identification and characterization of genes that can be mutated to cause heterochrony support the proposal that heterochrony is a mechanism for phylogenetic change and suggest cellular and genetic bases for heterochronic variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambros, V -- Horvitz, H R -- GM24663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM24943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD00369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):409-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; *Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Time Factors
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  • 48
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    Magnesium deficiency and hypertension: correlation between magnesium-deficient diets and microcirculatory changes in situ (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: Rats maintained for 12 weeks on diets moderately or more severely deficient in magnesium showed significant elevations in arterial blood pressure compared to control animals. Examination of the mesenteric microcirculation in situ revealed that dietary magnesium deficiency resulted in reduced capillary, postcapillary, and venular blood flow concomitant with reduced terminal arteriolar, precapillary sphincter, and venular lumen sizes. The greater the degree of dietary magnesium deficiency the greater the reductions in microvascular lumen sizes. These findings may provide a rationale for the etiology, as well as treatment, of some forms of hypertensive vascular disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altura, B M -- Altura, B T -- Gebrewold, A -- Ising, H -- Gunther, T -- HL18015/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL29600/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arterioles/pathology ; *Blood Pressure ; Capillaries/pathology ; Magnesium/blood ; Magnesium Deficiency/pathology/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Microcirculation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Vasoconstriction ; Venules/pathology
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    Growth self-incitement in murine melanoma B16: a phenomenological model (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The growing murine melanoma B16 secretes increasing quantities of a substance or substances immunologically cross-reactive with insulin. The elevated concentrations of these substances in blood are accompanied by a decrease in blood glucose concentration and release of growth hormone, which is followed by increased tumor growth. By use of a phenomenological model based on these data, we show that B16 incites its own growth by positive feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bajzer, Z -- Pavelic, K -- Vuk-Pavlovic, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):930-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6382606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Growth Hormone/blood ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Male ; Mathematics ; Melanoma/blood/pathology/*secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological
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    Event-related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Recent neurophysiological findings have demonstrated that abstinent chronic alcoholics manifest deficits in event-related brain potentials. To explore possible biological antecedents of alcoholism the present study examined boys at high risk for alcoholism. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from biological sons of alcoholic fathers and matched control boys. Differences in the P3 component of the potentials were obtained between the high-risk and control subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begleiter, H -- Porjesz, B -- Bihari, B -- Kissin, B -- AA 05524/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1493-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/*genetics/physiopathology ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Child ; Evoked Potentials ; Fathers ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Risk
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    The human homologs of the raf (mil) oncogene are located on human chromosomes 3 and 4 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-06
    Description: Two human genes that are homologous to both the murine transforming gene (oncogene) v-raf and the chicken transforming gene v-mil have been mapped by means of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids to human chromosomes previously devoid of known oncogenes. One gene, c-raf-2, which appears to be a processed pseudogene, is located on chromosome 4. The other gene, c-raf-1, which appears to be the active gene, is located on chromosome 3 and has been regionally mapped by chromosomal in situ hybridization to 3p25. This assignment correlates with specific chromosomal abnormalities associated with certain human malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonner, T -- O'Brien, S J -- Nash, W G -- Rapp, U R -- Morton, C C -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 6;223(4631):71-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Animals ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 ; *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes
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    Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: The magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum is a forebrain nucleus of passerine birds that accumulates testosterone and makes monosynaptic connections with other telencephalic nuclei that control song production in adult birds. Lesions in the magnocellular nucleus disrupted song development in juvenile male zebra finches but did not affect maintenance of stable song patterns by adult birds. These results represent an instance in which lesions of a discrete brain region during only a restricted phase in the development of a learned behavior cause permanent impairment. Because cells of the magnocellular nucleus accumulate androgens these findings raise the possibility that this learning is mediated by hormones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bottjer, S W -- Miesner, E A -- Arnold, A P -- NS18392/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19645/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):901-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Male ; Telencephalon/*physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Enhancement of sexual motivation in male rats by yohimbine (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-24
    Description: Yohimbine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased sexual motivation in male rats as evidenced by increased mounting performance in mating tests conducted after genital anesthetization, increased percentage of male rats ejaculating in their first heterosexual encounter, and induction of copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These observations lead to the suggestion that alpha-adrenoceptors are important modulators of sexual arousal in intact male rats. These results indicate that pharmacological treatment of sexual (libido) dysfunction may be useful.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J T -- Smith, E R -- Davidson, J M -- MH 21178/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):847-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphrodisiacs/*pharmacology ; Copulation/drug effects ; Ejaculation/drug effects ; Male ; Motivation/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Yohimbine/*pharmacology
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    Haploid expression of a mouse testis alpha-tubulin gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-06
    Description: A complementary DNA clone for an alpha-tubulin has been isolated from a mouse testis complementary DNA library. The untranslated 3' end of this complementary DNA is homologous to two RNA transcripts present in postmeiotic cells of the testis but absent from meiotic cells and from several tissues including brain. The temporal expression of this alpha-tubulin complementary DNA provides evidence for the haploid expression of a mammalian structural gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Distel, R J -- Kleene, K C -- Hecht, N B -- GM 29224/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 6;224(4644):68-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Drosophila ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Haploidy ; Male ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rats ; Spermatids/metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Testis/*metabolism ; Tubulin/*genetics
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    Smell identification ability: changes with age (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. On the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers. Peak performance occurred in the third through fifth decades and declined markedly after the seventh. More than half of those 65 to 80 years old evidenced major olfactory impairment. After 80 years, more than three-quarters evidenced major impairment. Given these findings, it is not surprising that many elderly persons complain that food lacks flavor and that the elderly account for a disproportionate number of accidental gas poisoning cases each year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doty, R L -- Shaman, P -- Applebaum, S L -- Giberson, R -- Siksorski, L -- Rosenberg, L -- NS 16265/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sex Factors ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking
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    Scintigraphy of normal mouse ovaries with monoclonal antibodies to ZP-2, the major zona pellucida protein (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The zona pellucida is an extracellular glycocalyx, made of three sulfated glycoproteins, that surrounds mammalian oocytes. Parenterally administered monoclonal antibodies specific for ZP-2, the most abundant zona protein, localize in the zona pellucida. When labeled with iodine-125, these monoclonal antibodies demonstrate a remarkably high target-to-nontarget tissue ratio and provide clear external radioimaging of ovarian tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉East, I J -- Keenan, A M -- Larson, S M -- Dean, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):938-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*analysis ; Digestive System/immunology ; *Egg Proteins ; Female ; Glycoproteins/analysis/*immunology ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Liver/immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Myocardium/immunology ; Ovary/analysis/immunology/*radionuclide imaging ; Ovum/*analysis ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Tissue Distribution ; Zona Pellucida/*analysis/immunology
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    Decreased neuronal inhibition in vitro after long-term administration of ethanol (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-22
    Description: The pathophysiology of brain dysfunction was studied with an animal model of chronic alcoholism. Rats were fed a liquid diet with or without ethanol for 20 weeks and then the diet without ethanol for three more weeks. Hippocampal slices were prepared and intracellular recordings were obtained from dentate granule and CA1 cells. Significant depression of orthodromically elicited inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and postspike afterhyperpolarizations was observed in neurons from ethanol-exposed animals. No differences were observed in other active or passive membrane characteristics. These results suggest that a loss of neuronal inhibition could contribute to brain dysfunction in chronic alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durand, D -- Carlen, P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1359-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Alcoholism/physiopathology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Coronary arteries of cardiac patients are hyperreactive and contain stores of amines: a mechanism for coronary spasm (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-30
    Description: Coronary arteries from hearts of cardiac patients contain significantly higher concentrations of histamine than do those from noncardiac patients. The coronary vessels of cardiac patients are also hyperresponsive to histamine and serotonin. These differences between groups of patients suggest an explanation for coronary artery spasm in heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalsner, S -- Richards, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 30;223(4643):1435-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Cattle ; Coronary Vasospasm/*physiopathology ; Coronary Vessels/analysis/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Female ; Histamine/*analysis/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/analysis/pharmacology
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    Antibodies to the core protein of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) in patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: Lymphadenopathy-associated virus ( LAV ), a human T- lymphotrophic retrovirus isolated from a homosexual man with lymphadenopathy, has been causally associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A sensitive and specific radioimmunoprecipitation test was developed for the detection of antibodies to the major core protein of LAV , p25 (molecular weight 25,000). Antibody to LAV p25 was found in the serum of 51 of 125 AIDS patients, 81 of 113 patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome, 0 of 70 workers at the Centers for Disease Control (some of whom had handled specimens from AIDS patients), and 0 of 189 random blood donors. Of a group of 100 homosexual men from San Francisco whose serum was obtained in 1978, only one had antibody to LAV p25; in contrast, of a group of 50 homosexual men in the same community whose serum was obtained in 1984, 12 had antibodies to LAV p25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalyanaraman, V S -- Cabradilla, C D -- Getchell, J P -- Narayanan, R -- Braff, E H -- Chermann, J C -- Barre-Sinoussi, F -- Montagnier, L -- Spira, T J -- Kaplan, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Blood Donors ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/*immunology ; Viral Proteins/*immunology
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    Evidence for cholinergic neurites in senile plaques (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: In the neocortices and amygdalae of young and aged macaques, cholinergic axons were identified by means of a monoclonal antibody to bovine choline acetyltransferase. Many fine, linear, immunoreactive profiles were seen in these animals. In the older animals, some cholinergic axons showed multifocal enlargements along their course. In some instances, neurites with choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity were associated with deposits of amyloid (visualized with thioflavin T fluorescence). The appearance of these amyloid-associated abnormal cholinergic processes was similar to that of neurites in senile plaques, as shown by conventional silver impregnation techniques. Cholinergic systems thus give rise to some of the neurites within senile plaques.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitt, C A -- Price, D L -- Struble, R G -- Cork, L C -- Wainer, B H -- Becher, M W -- Mobley, W C -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1443-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Amygdala/enzymology/*pathology ; Amyloid/analysis ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Axons/enzymology ; Cerebral Cortex/enzymology/*pathology ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Nerve Endings/enzymology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/enzymology/*pathology
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    NIMH study finds one in five have disorders (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):324.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/*epidemiology/therapy ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Agent Orange study is like a chameleon (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6230720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*toxicity ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*toxicity ; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology ; Acne Vulgaris/epidemiology ; Dioxins/*toxicity ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Disorders/chemically induced/epidemiology ; *Military Medicine ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Statistics as Topic ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*toxicity
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    Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS) were grown in vitro with added T-cell growth factor and assayed for the expression and release of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV). Retroviruses belonging to the HTLV family and collectively designated HTLV-III were isolated from a total of 48 subjects including 18 of 21 patients wih pre-AIDS, three of four clinically normal mothers of juveniles with AIDS, 26 of 72 adult and juvenile patients with AIDS, and from one of 22 normal male homosexual subjects. No HTLV-III was detected in or isolated from 115 normal heterosexual subjects. The number of HTLV-III isolates reported here underestimates the true prevalence of the virus since many specimens were received in unsatisfactory condition. Other data show that serum samples from a high proportion of AIDS patients contain antibodies to HTLV-III. That these new isolates are members of the HTLV family but differ from the previous isolates known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II is indicated by their morphological, biological, and immunological characteristics. These results and those reported elsewhere in this issue suggest that HTLV-III may be the primary cause of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, R C -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Shearer, G M -- Kaplan, M -- Haynes, B F -- Palker, T J -- Redfield, R -- Oleske, J -- Safai, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*microbiology ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Risk ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    Mating and pregnancy can occur in genetically hypogonadal mice with preoptic area brain grafts (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Adult female hypogonadal mice, in whom hypogonadism is secondary to a genetic deficiency in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), are infertile. Mating, pregnancy, and delivery of healthy litters were achieved after transplantation of normal fetal preoptic area tissue, a major site of GnRH-containing cell bodies, into the third ventricle of adult female hypogonadal mice. Immunocytochemistry revealed GnRH-containing neurons in the grafts and GnRH-containing processes extending to the lateral median eminence of the host brains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, M J -- Krieger, D T -- Charlton, H M -- Zimmerman, E A -- Silverman, A J -- Perlow, M J -- 1RO1NS20335/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):949-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6382608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Ventricles/pathology ; *Copulation ; Female ; Hypogonadism/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Infertility, Female/etiology/*therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/analysis ; Ovulation ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/analysis/*deficiency ; Pregnancy ; Preoptic Area/*transplantation ; *Reproduction
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    Cigarette craving, smoking withdrawal, and clonidine (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, significantly reduces opiate withdrawal. Fifteen heavy smokers abstained from cigarettes on three separate occasions and received instead clonidine, placebo, or the benzodiazepine alprazolam. Clonidine and alprazolam diminished withdrawal symptoms. The two drugs suppressed anxiety, tension, irritability, and restlessness equally but clonidine had a greater effect than alprazolam on cigarette craving. These observations suggest that noradrenergic activity is a common feature in the pathophysiology of withdrawal and that a special relationship exists between central noradrenergic activity and craving.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glassman, A H -- Jackson, W K -- Walsh, B T -- Roose, S P -- Rosenfeld, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alprazolam ; Anxiety/drug therapy ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clonidine/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Smoking ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*drug therapy
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gladue, B A -- Green, R -- Hellman, R E -- MH-37412/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-05835-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Estrone/*blood ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone/*blood ; Time Factors
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    Identification and location of brain protein 4.1 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: Protein 4.1 is a membrane skeletal protein that converts the low-affinity interaction between spectrin and actin into a high-affinity ternary complex of spectrin, protein 4.1, and actin that is essential to the structural stability of the erythrocyte. Pig brain was shown to contain an 87-kilodalton immunoreactive analog of protein 4.1 that has partial sequence homology with pig erythrocyte protein 4.1 and the same location as spectrin in the cortical cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cell types of the cerebellum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, S R -- Casoria, L A -- Coleman, D B -- Zagon, I S -- HL 26059/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS19357/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6374897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; *Neuropeptides ; Rabbits ; Spectrin/metabolism ; Swine
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    HTLV-III in saliva of people with AIDS-related complex and healthy homosexual men at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Peripheral blood leukocytes and saliva from 20 individuals, including four with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), ten with AIDS-related complex (ARC), and six healthy homosexual males at risk for AIDS, were compared as sources of transmissible human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus found to be the etiologic agent of AIDS. All of the AIDS and ARC patients and four of the six healthy homosexuals had evidence of prior exposure to HTLV-III as indicated by seropositivity for antibody to HTLV-III structural proteins. Infectious virus was isolated from the peripheral blood of one of the AIDS patients, four of the ARC patients, and two of the healthy homosexual males, consistent with previous reports. HTLV-III was also isolated from the saliva of four of the ARC patients and four of the healthy homosexuals. Virus was also observed by electron microscopy in material prepared by centrifugation of the saliva of one AIDS patient. Although AIDS does not appear to be transmitted by casual contact, the possibility that HTLV-III can be transmitted by saliva should be considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groopman, J E -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Markham, P D -- Gonda, M -- Sliski, A -- Gallo, R C -- N0I-CO-23910/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/microbiology ; Saliva/*microbiology ; Viral Proteins/analysis
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    Studying learning in the womb (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):302-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    New neurons form in adulthood (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 22;224(4655):1325-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Canaries/physiology ; Female ; Fishes ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rodentia
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    Calcium source for excitation-contraction coupling in myocardium of nonhibernating and hibernating chipmunks (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: The amplitude of the early plateau phase of the action potential and the slow action potential of cardiac muscle were much lower in hibernating chipmunks than in nonhibernating chipmunks. The frequency-dependent contraction was decreased in hibernating animals but increased in nonhibernating animals. Caffeine caused a negative inotropic effect in hibernating animals but a positive inotropic effect in nonhibernating animals. Ryanodine caused greater inhibition in hibernating animals than in nonhibernating animals. These results suggest that the respective roles of the sources of calcium for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling are changed during hibernation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondo, N -- Shibata, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; *Hibernation ; Male ; *Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Sciuridae/metabolism/*physiology
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    Lowered cholesterol decreases heart disease (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):381-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6362006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Cholestyramine Resin/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Heart Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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    High-resolution chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis assign McArdle's syndrome to chromosome 11 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-06
    Description: A rapid gene-mapping system uses a high-resolution, dual-laser sorter to identify genes from separate human chromosomes prepared with a new stain combination. This system was used to sort 21 unique chromosome types onto nitrocellulose filter papers. Several labeled gene probes hybridized to the sorted chromosomal DNA types predicted by their previous chromosome assignments. The skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase gene was then mapped to a portion of chromosome 11 by spot blotting normal and translocated chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lebo, R V -- Gorin, F -- Fletterick, R J -- Kao, F T -- Cheung, M C -- Bruce, B D -- Kan, Y W -- AM32822/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD02081/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):57-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6587566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA/*metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease/*genetics ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phosphorylases/genetics
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    Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-24
    Description: Infectious retroviruses have been detected in 22 of 45 randomly selected patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in other individuals from San Francisco. The AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV) studied in detail had a type D morphology, Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase, and cytopathic effects on lymphocytes. The viruses can be propagated in an established adult human T cell line, HUT-78. They cross-react with antiserum to the lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus isolated from AIDS patients in France. Antibodies to ARV were found in all 86 AIDS patients and in a high percentage of 88 other homosexual men in San Francisco. This observation indicates the widespread presence of these lymphocytopathic retroviruses and their close association with AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, J A -- Hoffman, A D -- Kramer, S M -- Landis, J A -- Shimabukuro, J M -- Oshiro, L S -- CA-34980/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):840-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Bone Marrow/microbiology ; California ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cross Reactions ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes/microbiology ; Lymphatic Diseases/immunology ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Syndrome ; T-Lymphocytes ; Virus Cultivation
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    Leukotriene B4 produces hyperalgesia that is dependent on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Leukotriene B4, at the same intracutaneous doses as bradykinin, reduced the nociceptive threshold in the rat paw. The mechanism of leukotriene B4-induced hyperalgesia was distinguished from that of the hyperalgesia elicited by prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin by its dependence on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and independence of the cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J D -- Lau, W -- Kwiat, G -- Goetzl, E J -- AM 32634/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- DE 05369/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HL 31809/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):743-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6087456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Leukotriene B4/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Male ; Neutrophils/*drug effects/physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; SRS-A/pharmacology
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    Prenatal exposure to carbon monoxide: learning and memory deficits (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-27
    Description: Exposing pregnant rats to carbon monoxide (150 parts per million) produced only minor reductions in the birth weights of the pups and gave no evidence of overt teratogenesis. However, behavioral evaluation of learning and memory processes in a two-way avoidance task suggested a functional deficit in the central nervous system of the exposed offspring. Multiple dependent measures and specific control groups confirmed that this deficit was independent of nonassociative or motivational alterations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mactutus, C F -- Fechter, L D -- ES 01589/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES 07094/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Birth Weight/drug effects ; Carbon Monoxide/*toxicity ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Female ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats
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    Simian AIDS: isolation of a type D retrovirus and transmission of the disease (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: A type D retrovirus related to but distinct from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was isolated in vitro from the blood of two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Three juvenile rhesus monkeys that were injected intravenously with tissue culture fluids containing this virus developed SAIDS after 2 to 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, P A -- Maul, D H -- Osborn, K G -- Lerche, N W -- Moody, P -- Lowenstine, L J -- Henrickson, R V -- Arthur, L O -- Gilden, R V -- Gravell, M -- AI20573-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-23910/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1083-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Macaca/*microbiology ; Macaca mulatta/*microbiology ; Male ; Retroviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Viral Core Proteins ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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    Dioxin in soil: bioavailability after ingestion by rats and guinea pigs (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: Soil environmentally contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was given by gavage to guinea pigs and rats. The development of a characteristic clinicopathologic syndrome in guinea pigs, the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats, and the presence of TCDD in the livers of both species show that TCDD in soil exhibits high biological availability after ingestion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McConnell, E E -- Lucier, G W -- Rumbaugh, R C -- Albro, P W -- Harvan, D J -- Hass, J R -- Harris, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis ; Biological Availability ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Dioxins/*metabolism ; Eating ; Enzyme Induction ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Intestinal Absorption ; Liver/drug effects ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; *Soil Pollutants/toxicity ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*metabolism/toxicity ; Thymus Gland/drug effects
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    Adsorption to fish sperm of vertically transmitted fish viruses (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: More than 99 percent of a vertically transmitted fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, was removed from suspension in less than 1 minute by adsorption to the surface membrane of sperm from two genera of salmonid fishes. The vertically transmitted, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus adsorbed to a lesser degree, but no adsorption occurred with a second fish rhabdovirus that is not vertically transmitted. Such adsorption may be involved in vertical transmission of these viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mulcahy, D -- Pascho, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Animals ; Fish Diseases/*microbiology/transmission ; Male ; Rhabdoviridae/metabolism ; Salmon/microbiology ; Spermatozoa/*microbiology ; Trout/microbiology ; Virus Diseases/transmission/*veterinary
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    Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: The possibility that hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contributes to the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with major depression was investigated by measuring the concentration of this peptide in cerebrospinal fluid of normal healthy volunteers and in drug-free patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression, schizophrenia, or dementia. When compared to the controls and the other diagnostic groups, the patients with major depression showed significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity; in 11 of the 23 depressed patients this immunoreactivity was greater than the highest value in the normal controls. These findings are concordant with the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is, at least in part, responsible for the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis characteristic of major depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Widerlov, E -- Bissette, G -- Walleus, H -- Karlsson, I -- Eklund, K -- Kilts, C D -- Loosen, P T -- Vale, W -- MH-36157/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-39415/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid ; Depressive Disorder/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine in wild black bears (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: In winter, the ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine is 10 or less in denning female and male bears. In midsummer it is 22 or more, similar to that of other mammals. However, in late summer and early fall, while food is available, the urea-to-creatinine ratio approaches or becomes 10 or less. The low value of this ratio appears to indicate the biochemical state of hibernation, and many bears are in this state weeks before they den.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, R A -- Beck, T D -- Steiger, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):841-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*blood ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/*blood/physiology ; Carnivora/*blood ; Creatinine/*blood ; Diet ; Female ; Food Supply ; Hibernation ; Male ; Seasons ; Urea/*blood ; Ursidae/*blood/physiology
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    Giant panda paternity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Goldman, D -- Knight, J -- Moore, H D -- Wildt, D E -- Bush, M -- Montali, R J -- Kleiman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; Male ; *Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/analysis
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  • 83
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    Scoliosis in chickens: responsiveness of severity and incidence to dietary copper (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-27
    Description: The severity and incidence of spinal lesions were manipulated in a line of chickens susceptible to scoliosis by varying their dietary intake of copper. A decrease in expression of the lesion was related to increased intake of copper. The change in expression, however, appeared to be related only indirectly to the defects in collagen cross-linking, maturation, and deposition known to be associated with dietary copper deficiency. Thus, a dietary constituent in the range of normal intakes may act as an environmental factor in the expression of scoliosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opsahl, W -- Abbott, U -- Kenney, C -- Rucker, R -- AM 25358/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 27;225(4660):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; Collagen/physiology ; Copper/deficiency/*physiology ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scoliosis/*etiology ; Sex Factors
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  • 84
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    Transglutaminase-mediated modifications of the rat sperm surface in vitro (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Two transglutaminase-mediated modifications of the rat epididymal spermatozoon surface were demonstrated in vitro. Transglutaminase was effective in promoting the binding of spermidine to the sperm. Moreover, the enzyme, by reacting with one of the major proteins secreted by the rat seminal vesicle epithelium, produced a modified form of the protein with a higher molecular weight and the capability of binding to the sperm cells. A specific physiological role for the enzyme, bringing about modifications of the rat sperm surface in the seminal fluid environment, is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paonessa, G -- Metafora, S -- Tajana, G -- Abrescia, P -- De Santis, A -- Gentile, V -- Porta, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):852-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6149619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epididymis/physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Semen/physiology ; Spermatozoa/*drug effects ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Transglutaminases
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  • 85
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    Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) antibodies in Africa (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Antibodies specific for human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) were demonstrated in serum samples from various groups of people in South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. The samples had been collected for other purposes and were presumably selected without bias toward clinical conditions associated with HTLV infections. Regional differences in antibody positivity were observed, indicating widely distributed loci of occurrence of HTLV on the African continent in people of both black and white ancestry. Two patients with high titers of antibody to HTLV-I had some signs of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. In several groups a high frequency of false positive serum reactions was indicated when specific confirmation steps were included in the assay. Further characterization of these sera revealed highly elevated immunoglobulin levels, possibly due to polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis in these subjects. The possibility that related cross-reactive human retroviruses coexist in the same groups was not eliminated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxinger, W -- Blattner, W A -- Levine, P H -- Clark, J -- Biggar, R -- Hoh, M -- Moghissi, J -- Jacobs, P -- Wilson, L -- Jacobson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroviridae/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes
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  • 86
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    Treatment of a 12-hour shift of sleep schedule with benzodiazepines (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: Normal sleepers underwent sleep recordings and daytime tests of sleep tendency, performance, and mood while being shifted 180 degrees in their sleep-wake schedule. After two baseline 24-hour periods, subjects postponed sleep until noon. For the next three 24-hour periods, they were in bed from 1200 to 2000 and received triazolam, flurazepam, or placebo at bedtime in parallel groups. Placebo subjects showed significant sleep loss after the shift. Active medication reversed this sleep loss. Despite good sleep, flurazepam subjects appeared most impaired of the three groups on objective assessments of waking function; triazolam subjects were least impaired.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidel, W F -- Roth, T -- Roehrs, T -- Zorick, F -- Dement, W C -- NIMH 05804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arousal/drug effects ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Emotions/drug effects ; Female ; Flurazepam/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep/drug effects ; Sleep Wake Disorders/*drug therapy ; Triazolam/pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 87
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    Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: In cats, infection with T-lymphotropic retroviruses can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia or T-cell depletion and immunosuppression. In humans, some highly T4 tropic retroviruses called HTLV-I can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia. The subgroup HTLV-II also induces T-cell proliferation in vitro, but its role in disease is unclear. Viruses of a third subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses, collectively designated HTLV-III, have been isolated from cultured cells of 48 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The biological properties of HTLV-III and immunological analyses of its proteins show that this virus is a member of the HTLV family, and that it is more closely related to HTLV-II than to HTLV-I. Serum samples from 88 percent of patients with AIDS and from 79 percent of homosexual men with signs and symptoms that frequently precede AIDS, but from less than 1 percent of heterosexual subjects, have antibodies reactive against antigens of HTLV-III. The major immune reactivity appears to be directed against p41, the presumed envelope antigen of the virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarngadharan, M G -- Popovic, M -- Bruch, L -- Schupbach, J -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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  • 88
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    Neuropeptides: mediators of behavior in Aplysia (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-21
    Description: The Aplysia neuroendocrine system is a particularly advantageous model for cellular and molecular studies because of the relatively small number and large size of its component neurons. Recombinant DNA techniques have been used to isolate the genes that encode the precursors of peptides expressed in identified neurons of known function. The organization and developmental expression of these genes have been examined in detail. Several of the genes encode precursors of multiple biologically active peptides that are expressed in cells which also contain classical transmitters. These studies, as well as immunohistochemical studies and the use of intracellular recording and voltage clamp techniques are the first steps toward revealing the mechanisms by which neuropeptides govern simple behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheller, R H -- Kaldany, R R -- Kreiner, T -- Mahon, A C -- Nambu, J R -- Schaefer, M -- Taussig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1300-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Female ; Ganglia/physiology ; Genes ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Reproduction
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  • 89
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    Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: The human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) appears to be central to the causation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two full-length integrated proviral DNA forms of HTLV-III have now been cloned and analyzed, and DNA sequences of the virus in cell lines and fresh tissues from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) have been characterized. The results revealed that (i) HTLV-III is an exogenous human retrovirus, approximately 10 kilobases in length, that lacks nucleic acid sequences derived from normal human DNA; (ii) HTLV-III, unlike HTLV types I and II, shows substantial diversity in its genomic restriction enzyme cleavage pattern; (iii) HTLV-III persists in substantial amounts in cells as unintegrated linear DNA, an uncommon property that has been linked to the cytopathic effects of certain animal retroviruses; and (iv) HTLV-III viral DNA can be detected in low levels in fresh (primary) lymphoid tissue of a minority of patients with AIDS or ARC but appears not to be present in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. These findings have important implications concerning the biological properties of HTLV-III and the pathophysiology of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Arya, S K -- Groopman, J E -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1165-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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  • 90
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    Retarding effect of lowered heart rate on coronary atherosclerosis (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-12
    Description: The role of heart rate in the development of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Heart rate was lowered in six animals by surgical ablation of the sinoatrial node. A sham procedure, which included all of the surgical steps except for sinoatrial node ablation, was carried out in eight animals. All of the monkeys were fed an atherogenic high cholesterol diet for 6 months, and heart rates were monitored repeatedly by telemetry during 24-hour test periods. Coronary atherosclerosis in animals with postoperative heart rates less than the preoperative mean for all of the animals that underwent surgery was less than half that of animals with heart rates above the mean or of diet-fed control animals not subjected to surgery. Groups did not differ in blood pressure, serum lipids, or body weight. These results suggest that heart rate in itself may contribute to the mechanisms by which behavioral patterns and physical training influence coronary artery disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beere, P A -- Glagov, S -- Zarins, C K -- HL 15062/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P32-HL 7237/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Coronary Vessels ; Diet, Atherogenic ; *Heart Rate ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Triglycerides/blood
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  • 91
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    Long-term potentiation of hippocampal synaptic transmission affects rate of behavioral learning (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Electrical stimulation techniques were used to produce a long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of naive rabbits. Animals were then classically conditioned. Long-term potentiation of the hippocampus before training increased the rate at which animals subsequently learned the conditioning task. This result has significance for potential cellular mechanisms of associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, T W -- MH 00343/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):627-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Nictitating Membrane/physiology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 92
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    Prevalence of antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus in African patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: The presence of antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus (LAV) was determined by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent solid assay of sera from Zairian patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983. Thirty-five of 37 patients (94 percent) and 32 of 36 patients (88 percent), respectively, were seropositive by the two tests. In a control group of 26 patients, six (23 percent) showed positive results in these tests. Of these six control patients, five had clinically demonstrable infectious diseases and a low ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes. In addition, sera collected from a control group of Zairian mothers in 1980 were positive for LAV in 5 of 100 cases. Other serologic data suggest that LAV was present as early as 1977 in Zaire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brun-Vezinet, F -- Rouzioux, C -- Montagnier, L -- Chamaret, S -- Gruest, J -- Barre-Sinoussi, F -- Geroldi, D -- Chermann, J C -- McCormick, J -- Mitchell, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6238406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/*microbiology ; Male ; Radioimmunoassay ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
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  • 93
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    Estrogen-dependent Leydig cell protein recognized by monoclonal antibody to MCF-7 cell line (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: A protein (27,000 molecular weight) was previously found in rat Leydig cells after treatment with estradiol (E2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in vitro. The effect of hCG occurred through increased E2 production. This hormone-regulated rat testicular protein was compared to an estrogen-regulated protein of similar physical characteristics isolated from a human mammary cancer cell line (MCF-7) and present in normal human estrogen target organs. The Leydig cells from rat and human tissue showed specific immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining in the cytoplasm upon incubation with a monoclonal antibody (C11) to the estrogen-regulated protein from MCF-7 cells. Leydig cells after exposure to E2 or hCG showed the highest fluorescence intensity; this intensity was reduced by treatment with Tamoxifen. No reaction was associated with other testicular cells. The estrogen-regulated protein from human cell lines is therefore immunologically similar to that from the rat Leydig cell. The monoclonal antibody should be useful for further characterization of the Leydig cell protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciocca, D R -- Dufau, M L -- CA 11378/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):445-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Cross Reactions ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leydig Cells/*analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteins/*analysis ; Rats
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  • 94
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    Patient sues UCLA over patent on cell line (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culliton, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; California ; *Cell Line ; *Human Body ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; *Leukemia, Hairy Cell ; Male ; *Patents as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; *Spleen ; questions about an individual's rights of ownership in relation to body tissues ; that have been turned over for biomedical research but are subsequently used ; commercially. In 1976, John Moore had his spleen removed at the University of ; California, Los Angeles, in connection with his leukemia treatment. The ; university and researchers David Golde and Shirley Quan recently received a ; patent on the biologically interesting Mo cell line, which was derived from ; Moore's spleen cells. Moore's suit claims that the university misappropriated his ; tissues and that the researchers failed to obtain a valid informed consent ; because they did not formally tell him about the potential commercial ; applications of the cell line.
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  • 95
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    The respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a measure of cardiac age (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: A method developed for quantifying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization relies on computer-assisted rhythmometric cosinor analysis of instantaneous heart rate data. The RSA was present in all subjects tested, even those at advanced ages. The amplitude of the RSA falls approximately 10 percent per decade. An individual with a transplanted heart and one with severe diabetic neuropathy each had resting RSA values that were normal for their ages. The shape and amplitude of the RSA during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization may reflect the suppleness of the heart and its response to rhythmically changing intrathoracic pressure and the subsequent ebb-and-flow of venous return. Our technology allows objective quantitative assessment of the biologic age of the heart and also the effect of any drug, disease, or behavior that affects the RSA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hrushesky, W J -- Fader, D -- Schmitt, O -- Gilbertsen, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):1001-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6372092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Arrhythmia, Sinus/*physiopathology ; Compliance ; Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology ; Female ; Heart/*physiology/physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Middle Aged ; *Respiration
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  • 96
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    A trans-acting product needed for P factor transposition in Drosophila (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: A transposable genetic element of the P family in Drosophila melanogaster was found to be unstable in the presence of other P elements but stable in their absence. A sensitive assay for P transpositional activity is provided by the snw allele, a defective P insert in the singed bristle locus which becomes hypermutable only in the presence of complete elements. This measure of activity was highly correlated with a type of female sterility normally associated with P activity. There was no cross-reactivity with transposase from another hybrid dysgenesis-causing element (the I factor).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engels, W R -- GM30948/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PCM8104332/PC/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cross Reactions ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics ; Infertility, Female/genetics ; Male ; Mutation
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  • 97
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    Smoking and longevity studies (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enstrom, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):878.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Smoking ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Prostaglandin E2: a neuromodulator in the central control of gastrointestinal motility and feeding behavior by calcitonin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: Two micrograms of prostaglandin E2 injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain in rats had the same anorectic and gastrointestinal motor effect as central administration of 0.02 unit of calcitonin. The effects of calcitonin were blocked by a previous intracerebroventricular administration of 0.25 milligram of indomethacin. These results suggest that both anorectic and gastrointestinal motor effects of calcitonin are centrally mediated by the release of prostaglandins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fargeas, M J -- Fioramonti, J -- Bueno, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6591429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Calcitonin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dinoprostone ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects ; Indomethacin/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Prostaglandins E/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Morphine analgesia potentiated but tolerance not affected by active immunization against cholecystokinin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Administration of cholecystokinin was recently found to attenuate opiate analgesia. In the present study, the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in opiate analgesia was examined. Endogenously released cholecystokinin was sequestered by antibodies to cholecystokinin developed in response to an active immunization procedure. Morphine analgesia was potentiated and prolonged in rats immunized against cholecystokinin. The rate of development of morphine tolerance, however, was not affected by the antibodies. Endogenous cholecystokinin appears to function as a short-term modulator of opiate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, P L -- McLaughlin, C L -- Baile, C A -- Olney, J W -- Komisaruk, B R -- ES-07066/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Cholecystokinin/immunology/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Immunization ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Hypertension and calcium (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinleib, M -- Lenfant, C -- Miller, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):384, 386, 388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Calcium, Dietary ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/*etiology ; Male ; Sodium Chloride
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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