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  • 1
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    Homologous proteins share common TSE topologies [Biophysics and Computational Biology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-08
    Description: Experimental and computational folding studies of Proteins L & G and NuG2 typically find that sequence differences determine which of the two hairpins is formed in the transition state ensemble (TSE). However, our recent work on Protein L finds that its TSE contains both hairpins, compelling a reassessment of the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Effect of genetic background on the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: Genetic background significantly affects phenotype in multiple mouse models of human diseases, including muscular dystrophy. This phenotypic variability is partly attributed to genetic modifiers that regulate the disease process. Studies have demonstrated that introduction of the -sarcoglycan-null allele onto the DBA/2J background confers a more severe muscular dystrophy phenotype than the original strain, demonstrating the presence of genetic modifier loci in the DBA/2J background. To characterize the phenotype of dystrophin deficiency on the DBA/2J background, we created and phenotyped DBA/2J-congenic Dmdmdx mice (D2-mdx) and compared them with the original, C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx (B10-mdx) model. These strains were compared with their respective control strains at multiple time points between 6 and 52 weeks of age. Skeletal and cardiac muscle function, inflammation, regeneration, histology and biochemistry were characterized. We found that D2-mdx mice showed significantly reduced skeletal muscle function as early as 7 weeks and reduced cardiac function by 28 weeks, suggesting that the disease phenotype is more severe than in B10-mdx mice. In addition, D2-mdx mice showed fewer central myonuclei and increased calcifications in the skeletal muscle, heart and diaphragm at 7 weeks, suggesting that their pathology is different from the B10-mdx mice. The new D2-mdx model with an earlier onset and more pronounced dystrophy phenotype may be useful for evaluating therapies that target cardiac and skeletal muscle function in dystrophin-deficient mice. Our data align the D2-mdx with Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients with the LTBP4 genetic modifier, making it one of the few instances of cross-species genetic modifiers of monogenic traits.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Brain tumors in children and occupational exposure of parents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, F M -- Preston-Martin, S -- Yu, M C -- P01CA17054/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA20571/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects ; Brain Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Risk ; Skin Absorption ; Solvents
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Use of Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) and Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) in Toxicity Tests on Different Industrial Effluents in Taiwan (2001)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2001-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0090-4341
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0703
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Erlotinib derivative inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CIP2A to reactivate protein phosphatase 2A (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-01
    Description: Erlotinib derivative inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CIP2A to reactivate protein phosphatase 2A Cell Death and Disease 5, e1359 (July 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.325 Authors: H-C Yu, M-H Hung, Y-L Chen, P-Y Chu, C-Y Wang, T-T Chao, C-Y Liu, C-W Shiau & K-F Chen
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Research Articles: A comparative study of growth and leaf trait variation in twenty Cornus wilsoniana W. families in southeastern China (2018)
    Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: Cheng X, Xie H, Zhang L, Wang M, Li C, Yu M, He Z A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GROWTH AND LEAF TRAIT VARIATION IN TWENTY CORNUS WILSONIANA W. FAMILIES IN SOUTHEASTERN CHINA Abstract : To investigate the genotypic differences associated with the growth potential and leaf traits of Cornus wilsoniana W., we planted twenty C. wilsoniana families in southeastern China and analyzed nineteen leaf morphological and physiological traits that have potential relationships with growth. Seedling growth and leaf traits exhibited high variability among the C. wilsoniana families. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (CVs) of these traits varied from 5.33% (leaf length/leaf width, LL/LW) to 23.17% (stomatal conductance, gs), and their heritabilities (H2) ranged from 0.17 (chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b, Chla/Chlb) to 0.75 (stem height, H and Chla). There was greater genetic variation in the physiological traits than in the morphological traits. H was significantly positively correlated with instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), Chla, Chlb and total Chl, and diameter (D) was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (Pn), gs, WUE, Chla, Chlb and total Chl and was negatively correlated with leaf phosphorus (LP). Based on cluster analysis, three families were selected as superior families for the study area due to their seedling growth and leaf traits. These results indicate that Pn, Chla, Chlb and total Chl are good indicators to use for selecting superior families of C. wilsoniana with better growth performance; additionally, high WUE and low LP are also critical leaf traits for cultivar selection because plant adaptation to environmental conditions is important for growth performance. Keywords : Plant Growth, Leaf Traits, Intraspecific Variation, Genetic Heritability iForest 10 (5): 759-765 (2017) - doi: 10.3832/ifor2288-010 http://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor2288-010
    Electronic ISSN: 1971-7458
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology
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  • 7
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    Spider dragline silk as torsional actuator driven by humidity (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Self-powered actuation driven by ambient humidity is of practical interest for applications such as hygroscopic artificial muscles. We demonstrate that spider dragline silk exhibits a humidity-induced torsional deformation of more than 300°/mm. When the relative humidity reaches a threshold of about 70%, the dragline silk starts to generate a large twist deformation independent of spider species. The torsional actuation can be precisely controlled by regulating the relative humidity. The behavior of humidity-induced twist is related to the supercontraction behavior of spider dragline silk. Specifically, molecular simulations of MaSp1 and MaSp2 proteins in dragline silk reveal that the unique torsional property originates from the presence of proline in MaSp2. The large proline rings also contribute to steric exclusion and disruption of hydrogen bonding in the molecule. This property of dragline silk and its structural origin can inspire novel design of torsional actuators or artificial muscles and enable the development of designer biomaterials.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT-5 Regulates SER-2 Tyramine Receptor-Mediated Behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans (2018)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-03
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors are 7-pass transmembrane receptors that couple to heterotrimeric G proteins to mediate cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate G protein-coupled receptors is crucial to manipulating their signaling for therapeutic benefit. One key regulatory mechanism that contributes to the functional diversity of many signaling proteins is post-translational modification. Whereas phosphorylation remains the best studied of such modifications, arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases is emerging as a key regulator of protein function. We previously published the first functional evidence that arginine methylation of G protein-coupled receptors modulates their signaling. We report here a third receptor that is regulated by arginine methylation, the Caenorhabditis elegans SER-2 tyramine receptor. We show that arginines within a putative methylation motif in the third intracellular loop of SER-2 are methylated by PRMT5 in vitro . Our data also suggest that this modification enhances SER-2 signaling in vivo to modulate animal behavior. The identification of a third G protein-coupled receptor to be functionally regulated by arginine methylation suggests that this post-translational modification may be utilized to regulate signaling through a broad array of G protein-coupled receptors.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Hypomethylation signature of tumor-initiating cells predicts poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-06
    Description: DNA methylation contributes to tumor formation, development and metastasis. Epigenetic dysregulation of stem cells is thought to predispose to malignant development. The clinical significance of DNA methylation in ovarian tumor-initiating cells (OTICs) remains unexplored. We analyzed the methylomic profiles of OTICs (CP70sps) and their derived progeny using a human methylation array. qRT–PCR, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and pyrosequencing were used to verify gene expression and DNA methylation in cancer cell lines. The methylation status of genes was validated quantitatively in cancer tissues and correlated with clinicopathological factors. ATG4A and HIST1H2BN were hypomethylated in OTICs. Methylation analysis of ATG4A and HIST1H2BN by qMSP in 168 tissue samples from patients with ovarian cancer showed that HIST1H2BN methylation was a significant and independent predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with a low level of HIST1H2BN methylation had poor PFS (hazard ratio (HR), 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–14.8) and OS (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.0). Hypomethylation of both ATG4A and HIST1H2BN predicted a poor PFS (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.6; median, 21 months) and OS (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–3.0; median, 40 months). In an independent cohort of ovarian tumors, hypomethylation predicted early disease recurrence (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.5) and death (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.9). The demonstration that expression of ATG4A in cells increased their stem properties provided an indication of its biological function. Hypomethylation of ATG4A and HIST1H2BN in OTICs predicts a poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Evolution of carnivorous traps from planar leaves through simple shifts in gene expression (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Leaves vary from planar sheets and needle-like structures, to elaborate cup-shaped traps. Here we show that in the carnivorous plant 〈i〉Utricularia gibba,〈/i〉 the upper leaf (adaxial) domain is restricted to a small region of the primordium which gives rise to the trap’s inner layer. This restriction is necessary for trap formation, as ectopic adaxial activity at early stages gives radialized leaves and no traps. We present a model that accounts for the formation of both planar and non-planar leaves through adaxial-abaxial domains of gene activity establishing a polarity field that orients growth. In combination with an orthogonal proximodistal polarity field, this system can generate diverse leaf forms, and can account for the multiple evolutionary origins of cup-shaped leaves through simple shifts in gene expression.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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