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  • Female  (176)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (176)
  • 2010-2014  (176)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2013  (176)
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Keywords
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  • 2010-2014  (176)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Little emperors: behavioral impacts of China's One-Child Policy (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: We document that China's One-Child Policy (OCP), one of the most radical approaches to limiting population growth, has produced significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. Our data were collected from economics experiments conducted with 421 individuals born just before and just after the OCP's introduction in 1979. Surveys to elicit personality traits were also used. We used the exogenous imposition of the OCP to identify the causal impact of being an only child, net of family background effects. The OCP thus has significant ramifications for Chinese society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cameron, L -- Erkal, N -- Gangadharan, L -- Meng, X -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):953-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230221. Epub 2013 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. lisa.cameron@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Altruism ; Anxiety Disorders ; *Attitude ; *Behavior ; China ; Competitive Behavior ; Family ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality ; Risk-Taking ; Trust ; Urban Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Deciphering the glycosylome of dystroglycanopathies using haploid screens for lassa virus entry (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: Glycosylated alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate alpha-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of alpha-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated alpha-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of alpha-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of alpha-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jae, Lucas T -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Riemersma, Moniek -- van Beusekom, Ellen -- Blomen, Vincent A -- Velds, Arno -- Kerkhoven, Ron M -- Carette, Jan E -- Topaloglu, Haluk -- Meinecke, Peter -- Wessels, Marja W -- Lefeber, Dirk J -- Whelan, Sean P -- van Bokhoven, Hans -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):479-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1233675. Epub 2013 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23519211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Dystroglycans/*metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Haploidy ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Lassa Fever/*genetics/virology ; Lassa virus/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Proteome/*metabolism ; *Virus Internalization ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Topology of feather melanocyte progenitor niche allows complex pigment patterns to emerge (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Color patterns of bird plumage affect animal behavior and speciation. Diverse patterns are present in different species and within the individual. Here, we study the cellular and molecular basis of feather pigment pattern formation. Melanocyte progenitors are distributed as a horizontal ring in the proximal follicle, sending melanocytes vertically up into the epithelial cylinder, which gradually emerges as feathers grow. Different pigment patterns form by modulating the presence, arrangement, or differentiation of melanocytes. A layer of peripheral pulp further regulates pigmentation via patterned agouti expression. Lifetime feather cyclic regeneration resets pigment patterns for physiological needs. Thus, the evolution of stem cell niche topology allows complex pigment patterning through combinatorial co-option of simple regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144997/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S J -- Foley, J -- Jiang, T X -- Yeh, C Y -- Wu, P -- Foley, A -- Yen, C M -- Huang, Y C -- Cheng, H C -- Chen, C F -- Reeder, B -- Jee, S H -- Widelitz, R B -- Chuong, C M -- AR060306/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR47364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR042177/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR047364/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1442-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230374. Epub 2013 Apr 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Columbidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Feathers/*cytology/growth & development ; Female ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Male ; Melanocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pigmentation ; Regeneration ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    2013 Runners-Up. Human cloning at last (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1436. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6165.1436-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Separation ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; *Research Embryo Creation ; Surrogate Mothers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    27-Hydroxycholesterol links hypercholesterolemia and breast cancer pathophysiology (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and is associated with a decreased response of tumors to endocrine therapies. Here, we show that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol and an ER and liver X receptor (LXR) ligand, increases ER-dependent growth and LXR-dependent metastasis in mouse models of breast cancer. The effects of cholesterol on tumor pathology required its conversion to 27HC by the cytochrome P450 oxidase CYP27A1 and were attenuated by treatment with CYP27A1 inhibitors. In human breast cancer specimens, CYP27A1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade. In high-grade tumors, both tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages exhibited high expression levels of the enzyme. Thus, lowering circulating cholesterol levels or interfering with its conversion to 27HC may be a useful strategy to prevent and/or treat breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899689/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Erik R -- Wardell, Suzanne E -- Jasper, Jeff S -- Park, Sunghee -- Suchindran, Sunil -- Howe, Matthew K -- Carver, Nicole J -- Pillai, Ruchita V -- Sullivan, Patrick M -- Sondhi, Varun -- Umetani, Michihisa -- Geradts, Joseph -- McDonnell, Donald P -- K99CA172357/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK048807/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA059365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1094-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1241908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/antagonists & inhibitors/blood/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mice ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Two dimensions of value: dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Whereas reward (appetitiveness) and aversiveness (punishment) have been distinguished as two discrete dimensions within psychology and behavior, physiological and computational models of their neural representation have treated them as opposite sides of a single continuous dimension of "value." Here, I show that although dopamine neurons of the primate ventral midbrain are activated by evidence for reward and suppressed by evidence against reward, they are insensitive to aversiveness. This indicates that reward and aversiveness are represented independently as two dimensions, even by neurons that are closely related to motor function. Because theory and experiment support the existence of opponent neural representations for value, the present results imply four types of value-sensitive neurons corresponding to reward-ON (dopamine), reward-OFF, aversive-ON, and aversive-OFF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiorillo, Christopher D -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. fiorillo@kaist.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology ; Punishment/*psychology ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Immunology. Welcome to the microgenderome (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005781/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flak, Magdalena B -- Neves, Joana F -- Blumberg, Richard S -- DK0034854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK051362/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK053056/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK088199/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK044319/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1044-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1236226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autoimmunity ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*microbiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*immunology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; *Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The thousand-year graveyard (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 13;342(6164):1306-10. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6164.1306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Anthropology, Physical ; Archaeology ; *Cause of Death ; Cemeteries/*history ; DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; Epidemics/*history ; Female ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Jaw/microbiology ; Plague/epidemiology/history ; Skull/microbiology ; Tooth/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Ardi's a hominin--but how did she move? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):427. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.427.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology, Physical/*history ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Walking/*history
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Prediction error governs pharmacologically induced amnesia for learned fear (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Although reconsolidation opens up new avenues to erase excessive fear memory, subtle boundary conditions put constraints on retrieval-induced plasticity. Reconsolidation may only take place when memory reactivation involves an experience that engages new learning (prediction error). Thus far, it has not been possible to determine the optimal degree of novelty required for destabilizing the memory. The occurrence of prediction error could only be inferred from the observation of a reconsolidation process itself. Here, we provide a noninvasive index of memory destabilization that is independent from the occurrence of reconsolidation. Using this index, we show in humans that prediction error is (i) a necessary condition for reconsolidation of associative fear memory and (ii) determined by the interaction between original learning and retrieval. Insight into the process of memory updating is crucial for understanding the optimal and boundary conditions on reconsolidation and provides a clear guide for the development of reconsolidation-based treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sevenster, Dieuwke -- Beckers, Tom -- Kindt, Merel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):830-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1231357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Propanol/administration & dosage ; Amnesia/chemically induced/*psychology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects ; Fear/drug effects/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/drug effects/physiology ; Models, Psychological ; Reinforcement Schedule ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    IBI series winner. Exploring the evolution of human mate preference (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, Valerie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1060-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1230005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Sciences Division, Pasadena City College, 1570 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288326" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Courtship/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage/*psychology ; Personality ; Problem-Based Learning/*methods ; Selection, Genetic ; Voice Quality ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Immunology. Guilty by association (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joshi, Nikhil S -- Jacks, Tyler -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1160-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1235528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Prostate/*immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/*growth & development/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Comment on "Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Byers and Dunn (Reports, 9 November 2012, p. 802) reported that sexual selection and natural selection are closely related in a wild population of pronghorns. Here, I argue that this conclusion is incorrect. Their main finding is due to the fact that, unsurprisingly, juvenile mortality and juvenile survival are negatively related across years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnqvist, Goran -- 294333/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):549. doi: 10.1126/science.1233413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden. goran.arnqvist@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antelopes/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Loss of function of the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 is associated with mammalian obesity (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) modulate signaling of melanocortin receptors in vitro. To investigate the physiological role of brain-expressed melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), we characterized mice with whole-body and brain-specific targeted deletion of Mrap2, both of which develop severe obesity at a young age. Mrap2 interacts directly with melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), a protein previously implicated in mammalian obesity, and it enhances Mc4r-mediated generation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate, suggesting that alterations in Mc4r signaling may be one mechanism underlying the association between Mrap2 disruption and obesity. In a study of humans with severe, early-onset obesity, we found four rare, potentially pathogenic genetic variants in MRAP2, suggesting that the gene may also contribute to body weight regulation in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788688/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3788688/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asai, Masato -- Ramachandrappa, Shwetha -- Joachim, Maria -- Shen, Yuan -- Zhang, Rong -- Nuthalapati, Nikhil -- Ramanathan, Visali -- Strochlic, David E -- Ferket, Peter -- Linhart, Kirsten -- Ho, Caroline -- Novoselova, Tatiana V -- Garg, Sumedha -- Ridderstrale, Martin -- Marcus, Claude -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Keogh, Julia M -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Chan, Li F -- Clark, Adrian J -- Farooqi, I Sadaf -- Majzoub, Joseph A -- 098497/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0802796/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900554/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9824984/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK075787/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK075787/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007699/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020017/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1233000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/*genetics ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Obesity/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Young Adult
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    Stress in puberty unmasks latent neuropathological consequences of prenatal immune activation in mice (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: Prenatal infection and exposure to traumatizing experiences during peripuberty have each been associated with increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence is lacking for the cumulative impact of such prenatal and postnatal environmental challenges on brain functions and vulnerability to psychiatric disease. Here, we show in a translational mouse model that combined exposure to prenatal immune challenge and peripubertal stress induces synergistic pathological effects on adult behavioral functions and neurochemistry. We further demonstrate that the prenatal insult markedly increases the vulnerability of the pubescent offspring to brain immune changes in response to stress. Our findings reveal interactions between two adverse environmental factors that have individually been associated with neuropsychiatric disease and support theories that mental illnesses with delayed onsets involve multiple environmental hits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giovanoli, Sandra -- Engler, Harald -- Engler, Andrea -- Richetto, Juliet -- Voget, Mareike -- Willi, Roman -- Winter, Christine -- Riva, Marco A -- Mortensen, Preben B -- Feldon, Joram -- Schedlowski, Manfred -- Meyer, Urs -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1095-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1228261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Poly I-C/immunology/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*immunology/virology ; Puberty/*immunology ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Poverty impedes cognitive function (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, Anandi -- Mullainathan, Sendhil -- Shafir, Eldar -- Zhao, Jiaying -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):976-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1238041.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agriculture ; *Cognition ; Female ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Response to comment on "Stress in puberty unmasks latent neuropathological consequences of prenatal immune activation in mice" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Lazic criticizes the statistical analyses used to support the conclusions in our mouse model. His theory-biased criticism is disproportionate in view of the robustness of our findings (even if different statistical methods are applied) and falls short in explaining the postpubertal onset of effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giovanoli, Sandra -- Meyer, Urs -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):811. doi: 10.1126/science.1238060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*immunology ; Puberty/*immunology ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
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    Immunology. Pasteur approach to a malaria vaccine may take the lead (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Good, Michael F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1352-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1244157.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia. michael.good@griffith.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology
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    Virology. Our viral inheritance (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, Robin A -- Stoye, Jonathan P -- MC_U117512710/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):820-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1235148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. rweiss@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Placenta/virology ; Pregnancy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proviruses/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 20
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    Cancer. Cholesterol forges link between obesity and breast cancer (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 29;342(6162):1028. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6162.1028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholesterols/*metabolism ; Hypercholesterolemia/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Comment on "Poverty impedes cognitive function" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Mani et al. (Research Articles, 30 August, p. 976) presented laboratory experiments that aimed to show that poverty-related worries impede cognitive functioning. A reanalysis without dichotomization of income fails to corroborate their findings and highlights spurious interactions between income and experimental manipulation due to ceiling effects caused by short and easy tests. This suggests that effects of financial worries are not limited to the poor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wicherts, Jelte M -- Scholten, Annemarie Zand -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1169. doi: 10.1126/science.1246680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jelte Wicherts, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Genomics. Initiative aims to minister to Mexico's unique genetic heritage (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, Lizzie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 15;342(6160):788. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6160.788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24233700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Pedigree ; Population/*genetics
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  • 23
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    Compartmentalization of GABAergic inhibition by dendritic spines (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) inhibition plays a critical role in shaping neuronal activity in the neocortex. Numerous experimental investigations have examined perisomatic inhibitory synapses, which control action potential output from pyramidal neurons. However, most inhibitory synapses in the neocortex are formed onto pyramidal cell dendrites, where theoretical studies suggest they may focally regulate cellular activity. The precision of GABAergic control over dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling is unknown. By using cell type-specific optical stimulation in combination with two-photon calcium (Ca(2+)) imaging, we show that somatostatin-expressing interneurons exert compartmentalized control over postsynaptic Ca(2+) signals within individual dendritic spines. This highly focal inhibitory action is mediated by a subset of GABAergic synapses that directly target spine heads. GABAergic inhibition thus participates in localized control of dendritic electrical and biochemical signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiu, Chiayu Q -- Lur, Gyorgy -- Morse, Thomas M -- Carnevale, Nicholas T -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Higley, Michael J -- DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH097961/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC009977/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH099045/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS011613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):759-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1234274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Neurological ; Neocortex/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Biomedicine. Rare cancer successes spawn 'exceptional' research efforts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):263. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6130.263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Everolimus ; Female ; Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Remission Induction ; Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; United States ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Uterine Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    The downside of diversity (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1543-5. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6127.1543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Clone Cells/pathology ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Treatment Failure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 26
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    Interferon-epsilon protects the female reproductive tract from viral and bacterial infection (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: The innate immune system senses pathogens through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that signal to induce effector cytokines, such as type I interferons (IFNs). We characterized IFN-epsilon as a type I IFN because it signaled via the Ifnar1 and Ifnar2 receptors to induce IFN-regulated genes. In contrast to other type I IFNs, IFN-epsilon was not induced by known PRR pathways; instead, IFN-epsilon was constitutively expressed by epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and was hormonally regulated. Ifn-epsilon-deficient mice had increased susceptibility to infection of the FRT by the common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) herpes simplex virus 2 and Chlamydia muridarum. Thus, IFN-epsilon is a potent antipathogen and immunoregulatory cytokine that may be important in combating STIs that represent a major global health and socioeconomic burden.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617553/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617553/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fung, Ka Yee -- Mangan, Niamh E -- Cumming, Helen -- Horvat, Jay C -- Mayall, Jemma R -- Stifter, Sebastian A -- De Weerd, Nicole -- Roisman, Laila C -- Rossjohn, Jamie -- Robertson, Sarah A -- Schjenken, John E -- Parker, Belinda -- Gargett, Caroline E -- Nguyen, Hong P T -- Carr, Daniel J -- Hansbro, Philip M -- Hertzog, Paul J -- R01 AI053108/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1088-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1233321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chlamydia Infections/genetics/*immunology ; *Chlamydia muridarum ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/immunology ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Herpes Genitalis/genetics/*immunology ; *Herpesvirus 2, Human ; Humans ; Interferons/genetics/*immunology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology ; Poly I-C/immunology ; Poly dA-dT/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/*immunology ; Uterus/immunology ; Vagina/*immunology/microbiology/virology
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    Standing up for GMOs (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- Beachy, Roger -- Baulcombe, David -- Blobel, Gunter -- Datta, Swapan -- Fedoroff, Nina -- Kennedy, Donald -- Khush, Gurdev S -- Peacock, Jim -- Rees, Martin -- Sharp, Phillip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1320. doi: 10.1126/science.1245017.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carotenoids/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Oryza ; Philippines ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; Seeds/chemistry/genetics ; Violence/*prevention & control ; Vitamin A/metabolism ; Vitamin A Deficiency/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Economics. Women, fertility, and the rise of modern capitalism (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alesina, Alberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):427-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Europe ; Family/*history ; Female ; *Fertility ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Income/history ; Marriage/history ; Plague/*history/mortality ; Women/*history ; Work/*history
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Treatment as prevention, real world (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):901. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6122.901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Rural Health
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Multiple fitness peaks on the adaptive landscape drive adaptive radiation in the wild (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: The relationship between phenotype and fitness can be visualized as a rugged landscape. Multiple fitness peaks on this landscape are predicted to drive early bursts of niche diversification during adaptive radiation. We measured the adaptive landscape in a nascent adaptive radiation of Cyprinodon pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and found multiple coexisting high-fitness regions driven by increased competition at high densities, supporting the early burst model. Hybrids resembling the generalist phenotype were isolated on a local fitness peak separated by a valley from a higher-fitness region corresponding to trophic specialization. This complex landscape could explain both the rarity of specialists across many similar environments due to stabilizing selection on generalists and the rapid morphological diversification rate of specialists due to their higher fitness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Christopher H -- Wainwright, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):208-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1227710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA. chmartin@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Animals ; Bahamas ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Killifishes/*genetics/*physiology ; Lakes ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic
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    Following the males' trail, 1.5 million years later (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):426-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.426-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology, Physical/*history ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Kenya ; Male ; Social Behavior/*history ; Walking/*history
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    Immunology. An interferon paradox (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odorizzi, Pamela M -- Wherry, E John -- T32 AI007632/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):155-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/*virology ; Female ; Interferon Type I/*immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/*physiology ; Male ; *Signal Transduction
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    Genetics. Simple genetics for a complex disease (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839083/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839083/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jonathan C -- Hobbs, Helen H -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):689-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1239101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticholesteremic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, LDL/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronary Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention & control ; Drug Design ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Proprotein Convertases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics ; Proteolysis ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Protection against malaria by intravenous immunization with a nonreplicating sporozoite vaccine (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Consistent, high-level, vaccine-induced protection against human malaria has only been achieved by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) by mosquito bites. We report that the PfSPZ Vaccine--composed of attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ--was safe and well tolerated when administered four to six times intravenously (IV) to 40 adults. Zero of six subjects receiving five doses and three of nine subjects receiving four doses of 1.35 x 10(5) PfSPZ Vaccine and five of six nonvaccinated controls developed malaria after controlled human malaria infection (P = 0.015 in the five-dose group and P = 0.028 for overall, both versus controls). PfSPZ-specific antibody and T cell responses were dose-dependent. These data indicate that there is a dose-dependent immunological threshold for establishing high-level protection against malaria that can be achieved with IV administration of a vaccine that is safe and meets regulatory standards.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seder, Robert A -- Chang, Lee-Jah -- Enama, Mary E -- Zephir, Kathryn L -- Sarwar, Uzma N -- Gordon, Ingelise J -- Holman, LaSonji A -- James, Eric R -- Billingsley, Peter F -- Gunasekera, Anusha -- Richman, Adam -- Chakravarty, Sumana -- Manoj, Anita -- Velmurugan, Soundarapandian -- Li, MingLin -- Ruben, Adam J -- Li, Tao -- Eappen, Abraham G -- Stafford, Richard E -- Plummer, Sarah H -- Hendel, Cynthia S -- Novik, Laura -- Costner, Pamela J M -- Mendoza, Floreliz H -- Saunders, Jamie G -- Nason, Martha C -- Richardson, Jason H -- Murphy, Jittawadee -- Davidson, Silas A -- Richie, Thomas L -- Sedegah, Martha -- Sutamihardja, Awalludin -- Fahle, Gary A -- Lyke, Kirsten E -- Laurens, Matthew B -- Roederer, Mario -- Tewari, Kavita -- Epstein, Judith E -- Sim, B Kim Lee -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Graham, Barney S -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- VRC 312 Study Team -- 3R44AI055229-06S1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 4R44AI055229-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R44AI058499-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-AI-40096/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1359-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1241800. Epub 2013 Aug 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. rseder@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Animals ; Cytokines/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Malaria Vaccines/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Sporozoites/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects/methods
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    Network-based diffusion analysis reveals cultural transmission of lobtail feeding in humpback whales (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: We used network-based diffusion analysis to reveal the cultural spread of a naturally occurring foraging innovation, lobtail feeding, through a population of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) over a period of 27 years. Support for models with a social transmission component was 6 to 23 orders of magnitude greater than for models without. The spatial and temporal distribution of sand lance, a prey species, was also important in predicting the rate of acquisition. Our results, coupled with existing knowledge about song traditions, show that this species can maintain multiple independently evolving traditions in its populations. These insights strengthen the case that cetaceans represent a peak in the evolution of nonhuman culture, independent of the primate lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, Jenny -- Weinrich, Mason -- Hoppitt, Will -- Rendell, Luke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):485-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sea Mammal Research Unit and Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humpback Whale/*psychology ; Male ; Population ; *Social Behavior ; Social Networking ; *Transfer (Psychology)
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Why male mammals are monogamous (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kappeler, Peter M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):469-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1242001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center (DPZ), and Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. pkappel@gwdg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; *Marriage ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Response to comment on "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: Tree-building with diverse data maximizes explanatory power. Application of molecular clock models to ancient speciation events risks a bias against detection of fast radiations subsequent to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) event. Contrary to Springer et al., post-K-Pg placental diversification does not require "virus-like" substitution rates. Even constraining clade ages to their model, the explosive model best explains placental evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Leary, Maureen A -- Bloch, Jonathan I -- Flynn, John J -- Gaudin, Timothy J -- Giallombardo, Andres -- Giannini, Norberto P -- Goldberg, Suzann L -- Kraatz, Brian P -- Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Meng, Jin -- Ni, Xijun -- Novacek, Michael J -- Perini, Fernando A -- Randall, Zachary -- Rougier, Guillermo W -- Sargis, Eric J -- Silcox, Mary T -- Simmons, Nancy B -- Spaulding, Michelle -- Velazco, Paul M -- Weksler, Marcelo -- Wible, John R -- Cirranello, Andrea L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):613. doi: 10.1126/science.1238162.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomical Sciences, HSC T-8 (040), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA. maureen.oleary@stonybrook.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
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    BigBrain: an ultrahigh-resolution 3D human brain model (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: Reference brains are indispensable tools in human brain mapping, enabling integration of multimodal data into an anatomically realistic standard space. Available reference brains, however, are restricted to the macroscopic scale and do not provide information on the functionally important microscopic dimension. We created an ultrahigh-resolution three-dimensional (3D) model of a human brain at nearly cellular resolution of 20 micrometers, based on the reconstruction of 7404 histological sections. "BigBrain" is a free, publicly available tool that provides considerable neuroanatomical insight into the human brain, thereby allowing the extraction of microscopic data for modeling and simulation. BigBrain enables testing of hypotheses on optimal path lengths between interconnected cortical regions or on spatial organization of genetic patterning, redefining the traditional neuroanatomy maps such as those of Brodmann and von Economo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amunts, Katrin -- Lepage, Claude -- Borgeat, Louis -- Mohlberg, Hartmut -- Dickscheid, Timo -- Rousseau, Marc-Etienne -- Bludau, Sebastian -- Bazin, Pierre-Louis -- Lewis, Lindsay B -- Oros-Peusquens, Ana-Maria -- Shah, Nadim J -- Lippert, Thomas -- Zilles, Karl -- Evans, Alan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1472-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1235381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-4), Research Centre Julich, Julich, Germany. k.amunts@fz-juelich.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*cytology ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microtomy
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    Behavioral ecology. At home on the range: prairie rodents yield their secrets to a dogged observer (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6124.1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Distribution ; Animals ; *Competitive Behavior ; Female ; Male ; *Reproduction ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; *Territoriality
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    Gut microbiomes of Malawian twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Michelle I -- Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Mkakosya, Rajhab -- Cheng, Jiye -- Kau, Andrew L -- Rich, Stephen S -- Concannon, Patrick -- Mychaleckyj, Josyf C -- Liu, Jie -- Houpt, Eric -- Li, Jia V -- Holmes, Elaine -- Nicholson, Jeremy -- Knights, Dan -- Ursell, Luke K -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091044/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T35 DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):548-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1229000. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachis ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Kwashiorkor/diet therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
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    Technical comment on "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-10
    Description: O'Leary et al. (Research Article, 8 February 2013, p. 662) examined mammalian relationships and divergence times and concluded that a single placental ancestor crossed the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. This conclusion relies on phylogenetic analyses that fail to discriminate between homology and homoplasy and further implies virus-like rates of nucleotide substitution in early Paleocene placentals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Springer, Mark S -- Meredith, Robert W -- Teeling, Emma C -- Murphy, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):613. doi: 10.1126/science.1238025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. mark.springer@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
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    Neutralizing tumor-promoting chronic inflammation: a magic bullet? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: There have been substantial advances in cancer diagnostics and therapies in the past decade. Besides chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, approaches now include targeting cancer cell-intrinsic mediators linked to genetic aberrations in cancer cells, in addition to cancer cell-extrinsic pathways, especially those regulating vascular programming of solid tumors. More recently, immunotherapeutics have entered the clinic largely on the basis of the recognition that several immune cell subsets, when chronically activated, foster tumor development. Here, we discuss clinical and experimental studies delineating protumorigenic roles for immune cell subsets that are players in cancer-associated inflammation. Some of these cells can be targeted to reprogram their function, leading to resolution, or at least neutralization, of cancer-promoting chronic inflammation, thereby facilitating cancer rejection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591506/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3591506/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coussens, Lisa M -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Palucka, A Karolina -- R01 CA155331/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA163123/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):286-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1232227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. coussenl@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal/immunology/pathology ; Chemokines/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/*methods ; Inflammation/*immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Leukocytes/*immunology ; Myeloid Cells/immunology ; Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology/*therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein equilibration through somatic ring canals in Drosophila (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: Although intercellular bridges resulting from incomplete cytokinesis were discovered in somatic Drosophila tissues decades ago, the impact of these structures on intercellular communication and tissue biology is largely unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that the ~250-nanometer-diameter somatic ring canals permit diffusion of cytoplasmic contents between connected cells and across mitotic clone boundaries and enable the equilibration of protein between transcriptionally mosaic follicle cells in the Drosophila ovary. We obtained similar, although more restricted, results in the larval imaginal discs. Our work illustrates the lack of cytoplasmic autonomy in these tissues and suggests a role for somatic ring canals in promoting homogeneous protein expression within the tissue.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819220/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819220/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLean, Peter F -- Cooley, Lynn -- GM043301/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM091791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043301/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 GM091791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007499/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1445-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1234887. Epub 2013 May 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Structures/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Diffusion ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Giant Cells/ultrastructure ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/*metabolism ; Imaginal Discs/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitosis ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Protein Transport ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes
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    The dizzying journey to a new cancer arsenal (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1514-8. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6140.1514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23812696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Engineering ; Child ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Leukemia/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pennsylvania ; T-Lymphocytes/*transplantation ; Treatment Outcome
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    Cytomegalovirus vectors violate CD8+ T cell epitope recognition paradigms (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: CD8(+) T cell responses focus on a small fraction of pathogen- or vaccine-encoded peptides, and for some pathogens, these restricted recognition hierarchies limit the effectiveness of antipathogen immunity. We found that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors elicit SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells that recognize unusual, diverse, and highly promiscuous epitopes, including dominant responses to epitopes restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Induction of canonical SIV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses is suppressed by the RhCMV-encoded Rh189 gene (corresponding to human CMV US11), and the promiscuous MHC class I- and class II-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses occur only in the absence of the Rh157.5, Rh157.4, and Rh157.6 (human CMV UL128, UL130, and UL131) genes. Thus, CMV vectors can be genetically programmed to achieve distinct patterns of CD8(+) T cell epitope recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Sacha, Jonah B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Ford, Julia C -- Burwitz, Benjamin J -- Scholz, Isabel -- Gilbride, Roxanne M -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Gilliam, Awbrey N -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Malouli, Daniel -- Xu, Guangwu -- Richards, Rebecca -- Whizin, Nathan -- Reed, Jason S -- Hammond, Katherine B -- Fischer, Miranda -- Turner, John M -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Edlefsen, Paul T -- Nelson, Jay A -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Fruh, Klaus -- Picker, Louis J -- P01 AI094417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD 011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):1237874. doi: 10.1126/science.1237874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
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    Cancer pharmacogenomics: early promise, but concerted effort needed (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-30
    Description: The past decade has brought together substantial advances in human genome analysis and a maturation of understanding of tumor biology. Although there is much progress still to be made, there are now several prominent examples in which tumor-associated somatic mutations have been used to identify cellular signaling pathways in tumors. This in turn has led to the development of targeted therapies, with somatic mutations serving as genomic predictors of tumor response and providing new leads for drug development. There is also a realization that germline DNA variants can help optimize cancer drug dosing and predict the susceptibility of patients to the adverse side effects of these drugs-knowledge that ultimately can be used to improve the benefit:risk ratio of cancer treatment for individual patients.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900028/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900028/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLeod, Howard L -- P01 CA142538/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA142538/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA161608/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL110380/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025747/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1563-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1234139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. hmcleod@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23539596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Pharmacological ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*genetics ; Drug Design ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genome, Human ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devries, K M -- Mak, J Y T -- Garcia-Moreno, C -- Petzold, M -- Child, J C -- Falder, G -- Lim, S -- Bacchus, L J -- Engell, R E -- Rosenfeld, L -- Pallitto, C -- Vos, T -- Abrahams, N -- Watts, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1527-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240937. Epub 2013 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. karen.devries@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Spouse Abuse/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data
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    Epigenetic regulation of mouse sex determination by the histone demethylase Jmjd1a (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Developmental gene expression is defined through cross-talk between the function of transcription factors and epigenetic status, including histone modification. Although several transcription factors play crucial roles in mammalian sex determination, how epigenetic regulation contributes to this process remains unknown. We observed male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking the H3K9 demethylase Jmjd1a and found that Jmjd1a regulates expression of the mammalian Y chromosome sex-determining gene Sry. Jmjd1a directly and positively controls Sry expression by regulating H3K9me2 marks. These studies reveal a pivotal role of histone demethylation in mammalian sex determination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroki, Shunsuke -- Matoba, Shogo -- Akiyoshi, Mika -- Matsumura, Yasuko -- Miyachi, Hitoshi -- Mise, Nathan -- Abe, Kuniya -- Ogura, Atsuo -- Wilhelm, Dagmar -- Koopman, Peter -- Nozaki, Masami -- Kanai, Yoshiakira -- Shinkai, Yoichi -- Tachibana, Makoto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 6;341(6150):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epididymis/abnormalities ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/*metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Ovary/abnormalities/enzymology ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics ; Testis/abnormalities/enzymology ; Uterus/abnormalities
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    Island of the snakes (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6163.1166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Colubridae/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Guam ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Mice ; Pest Control ; Population Density
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    China's rapid urbanization (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, X Jin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 18;342(6156):310. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6156.310-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animal Diseases/epidemiology ; Animals ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Plant Diseases/statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data ; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Urbanization/*trends
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    High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: The landmark HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial in HIV-discordant couples demonstrated unequivocally that treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) substantially lowers the probability of HIV transmission to the HIV-uninfected partner. However, it has been vigorously debated whether substantial population-level reductions in the rate of new HIV infections could be achieved in "real-world" sub-Saharan African settings where stable, cohabiting couples are often not the norm and where considerable operational challenges exist to the successful and sustainable delivery of treatment and care to large numbers of patients. We used data from one of Africa's largest population-based prospective cohort studies (in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) to follow up a total of 16,667 individuals who were HIV-uninfected at baseline, observing individual HIV seroconversions over the period 2004 to 2011. Holding other key HIV risk factors constant, individual HIV acquisition risk declined significantly with increasing ART coverage in the surrounding local community. For example, an HIV-uninfected individual living in a community with high ART coverage (30 to 40% of all HIV-infected individuals on ART) was 38% less likely to acquire HIV than someone living in a community where ART coverage was low (〈10% of all HIV-infected individuals on ART).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255272/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255272/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanser, Frank -- Barnighausen, Till -- Grapsa, Erofili -- Zaidi, Jaffer -- Newell, Marie-Louise -- 082384/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 097410/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1R01-HD058482-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD058482/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):966-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1228160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. tanserf@africacentre.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Rural Health ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Young Adult
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    Neuroscience. Why adults need new brain cells (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergmann, Olaf -- Frisen, Jonas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):695-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1237976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus/*embryology ; *Individuality ; Male ; *Neurogenesis ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics
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    Evolution. Fossils versus clocks (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoder, Anne D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):656-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1233999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. anne.yoder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Mammals ; *Phylogeny ; Pregnancy
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    Leveling the playing field (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):317. doi: 10.1126/science.1242309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Engineering/manpower ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Organizations ; *Science/manpower ; United States ; *Women, Working
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    Anthropology. Latest skirmish over ancestral violence strikes blow for peace (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):224. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6143.224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*psychology ; Agriculture/*history ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Female ; Homicide/*psychology ; Humans ; Male ; *Warfare
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Persistent LCMV infection is controlled by blockade of type I interferon signaling (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: During persistent viral infections, chronic immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, an elevated interferon signature, and lymphoid tissue destruction correlate with disease progression. We demonstrated that blockade of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling using an IFN-I receptor neutralizing antibody reduced immune system activation, decreased expression of negative immune regulatory molecules, and restored lymphoid architecture in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. IFN-I blockade before and after establishment of persistent virus infection resulted in enhanced virus clearance and was CD4 T cell-dependent. Hence, we demonstrate a direct causal link between IFN-I signaling, immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, lymphoid tissue disorganization, and virus persistence. Our results suggest that therapies targeting IFN-I may help control persistent virus infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teijaro, John R -- Ng, Cherie -- Lee, Andrew M -- Sullivan, Brian M -- Sheehan, Kathleen C F -- Welch, Megan -- Schreiber, Robert D -- de la Torre, Juan Carlos -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- AI007354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA43059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL007195/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS041219/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):207-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1235214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antigens, CD274/metabolism ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology/*virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/virology ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Interferon Type I/immunology/*metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology/pathology ; Viremia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    CRL4 complex regulates mammalian oocyte survival and reprogramming by activation of TET proteins (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-21
    Description: The duration of a woman's reproductive period is determined by the size and persistence of a dormant oocyte pool. Specific oocyte genes are essential for follicle maintenance and female fertility. The mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes are poorly understood. We found that a cullin-ring finger ligase-4 (CRL4) complex was crucial in this process. Oocyte-specific deletion of the CRL4 linker protein DDB1 or its substrate adaptor VPRBP (also known as DCAF1) caused rapid oocyte loss, premature ovarian insufficiency, and silencing of fertility maintaining genes. CRL4(VPRBP) activates the TET methylcytosine dioxygenases, which are involved in female germ cell development and zygote genome reprogramming. Hence, CRL4(VPRBP) ubiquitin ligase is a guardian of female reproductive life in germ cells and a maternal reprogramming factor after fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Chao -- Zhang, Yin-Li -- Pan, Wei-Wei -- Li, Xiao-Meng -- Wang, Zhong-Wei -- Ge, Zhao-Jia -- Zhou, Jian-Jie -- Cang, Yong -- Tong, Chao -- Sun, Qing-Yuan -- Fan, Heng-Yu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 20;342(6165):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1244587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Survival/genetics/physiology ; Cellular Reprogramming/*genetics ; Cullin Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertility/*genetics ; Gene Silencing ; Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovary/physiopathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Circulating breast tumor cells exhibit dynamic changes in epithelial and mesenchymal composition (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of adherent epithelial cells to a migratory mesenchymal state has been implicated in tumor metastasis in preclinical models. To investigate its role in human cancer, we characterized EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from breast cancer patients. Rare primary tumor cells simultaneously expressed mesenchymal and epithelial markers, but mesenchymal cells were highly enriched in CTCs. Serial CTC monitoring in 11 patients suggested an association of mesenchymal CTCs with disease progression. In an index patient, reversible shifts between these cell fates accompanied each cycle of response to therapy and disease progression. Mesenchymal CTCs occurred as both single cells and multicellular clusters, expressing known EMT regulators, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta pathway components and the FOXC1 transcription factor. These data support a role for EMT in the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760262/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760262/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Min -- Bardia, Aditya -- Wittner, Ben S -- Stott, Shannon L -- Smas, Malgorzata E -- Ting, David T -- Isakoff, Steven J -- Ciciliano, Jordan C -- Wells, Marissa N -- Shah, Ajay M -- Concannon, Kyle F -- Donaldson, Maria C -- Sequist, Lecia V -- Brachtel, Elena -- Sgroi, Dennis -- Baselga, Jose -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- Toner, Mehmet -- Haber, Daniel A -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- EB008047/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- K12 CA087723/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NCI CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 EB012493/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):580-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1228522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/blood/genetics/*pathology ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Mesoderm/pathology ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism/*pathology ; RNA, Neoplasm/chemistry/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Microbiology. Undernutrition--looking within for answers (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Relman, David A -- DP1 OD000964/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):530-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1234723. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. relman@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Humans ; Kwashiorkor/*microbiology ; Male ; *Metagenome
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    Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is expected to raise adult life expectancy in populations with high HIV prevalence. Using data from a population cohort of over 101,000 individuals in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, we measured changes in adult life expectancy for 2000-2011. In 2003, the year before ART became available in the public-sector health system, adult life expectancy was 49.2 years; by 2011, adult life expectancy had increased to 60.5 years--an 11.3-year gain. Based on standard monetary valuation of life, the survival benefits of ART far outweigh the costs of providing treatment in this community. These gains in adult life expectancy signify the social value of ART and have implications for the investment decisions of individuals, governments, and donors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bor, Jacob -- Herbst, Abraham J -- Newell, Marie-Louise -- Barnighausen, Till -- 097410/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1R01MH083539-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD058482-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083539/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):961-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1230413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Post Office Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa. jbor@hsph.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/economics/*therapeutic use ; *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/economics ; Cohort Studies ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*mortality ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Life Expectancy/trends ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mortality ; Prevalence ; Public Sector ; *Rural Health ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Value of Life ; Young Adult
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    Phosphorylation of Dishevelled by protein kinase RIPK4 regulates Wnt signaling (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) is required for epidermal differentiation and is mutated in Bartsocas-Papas syndrome. RIPK4 binds to protein kinase C, but its signaling mechanisms are largely unknown. Ectopic RIPK4, but not catalytically inactive or Bartsocas-Papas RIPK4 mutants, induced accumulation of cytosolic beta-catenin and a transcriptional program similar to that caused by Wnt3a. In Xenopus embryos, Ripk4 synergized with coexpressed Xwnt8, whereas Ripk4 morpholinos or catalytic inactive Ripk4 antagonized Wnt signaling. RIPK4 interacted constitutively with the adaptor protein DVL2 and, after Wnt3a stimulation, with the co-receptor LRP6. Phosphorylation of DVL2 by RIPK4 favored canonical Wnt signaling. Wnt-dependent growth of xenografted human tumor cells was suppressed by RIPK4 knockdown, suggesting that RIPK4 overexpression may contribute to the growth of certain tumor types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094295/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094295/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, XiaoDong -- McGann, James C -- Liu, Bob Y -- Hannoush, Rami N -- Lill, Jennie R -- Pham, Victoria -- Newton, Kim -- Kakunda, Michael -- Liu, Jinfeng -- Yu, Christine -- Hymowitz, Sarah G -- Hongo, Jo-Anne -- Wynshaw-Boris, Anthony -- Polakis, Paul -- Harland, Richard M -- Dixit, Vishva M -- R01 GM042341/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1441-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1232253. Epub 2013 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6/metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; *Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Wnt3A Protein/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis/embryology/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    Density triggers maternal hormones that increase adaptive offspring growth in a wild mammal (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: In fluctuating environments, mothers may enhance the fitness of their offspring by adjusting offspring phenotypes to match the environment they will experience at independence. In free-ranging red squirrels, natural selection on offspring postnatal growth rates varies according to population density, with selection favoring faster-growing offspring under high-density conditions. We show that exposing mothers to high-density cues, accomplished via playbacks of territorial vocalizations, led to increased offspring growth rates in the absence of additional food resources. Experimental elevation of actual and perceived density induced higher maternal glucocorticoid levels, and females with naturally or experimentally increased glucocorticoids produced offspring that grew faster than controls. Therefore, social cues reflecting population density were sufficient to elicit increased offspring growth through an adaptive hormone-mediated maternal effect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzer, Ben -- Newman, Amy E M -- Boonstra, Rudy -- Palme, Rupert -- Boutin, Stan -- Humphries, Murray M -- McAdam, Andrew G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1215-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1235765. Epub 2013 Apr 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. bendantzer@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Cues ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/*metabolism ; *Growth and Development ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Litter Size/*physiology ; Maternal Behavior/*physiology ; Population Density ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Neuroscience. The promise and perils of oxytocin (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):267-9. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6117.267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Autistic Disorder/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Child Development/*drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Male ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Mother-Child Relations ; Oxytocin/*adverse effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Social Behavior
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    Comment on "Stress in puberty unmasks latent neuropathological consequences of prenatal immune activation in mice" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Giovanoli et al. (Reports, 1 March 2013, p. 1095) applied an immune challenge to pregnant females, and therefore to all offspring, and subsequently applied stress to offspring on a per cage basis. The data, however, were analyzed as a completely randomized design, which is inappropriate given these restrictions on randomization. This will increase both false positives and false negatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lazic, Stanley E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):811. doi: 10.1126/science.1237793.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉In Silico Lead Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. stan.lazic@cantab.net〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/*immunology ; Puberty/*immunology ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
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    Wolbachia invades Anopheles stephensi populations and induces refractoriness to Plasmodium infection (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted symbiotic bacterium of insects that has been proposed as a potential agent for the control of insect-transmitted diseases. One of the major limitations preventing the development of Wolbachia for malaria control has been the inability to establish inherited infections of Wolbachia in anopheline mosquitoes. Here, we report the establishment of a stable Wolbachia infection in an important malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. In A. stephensi, Wolbachia strain wAlbB displays both perfect maternal transmission and the ability to induce high levels of cytoplasmic incompatibility. Seeding of naturally uninfected A. stephensi populations with infected females repeatedly resulted in Wolbachia invasion of laboratory mosquito populations. Furthermore, wAlbB conferred resistance in the mosquito to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bian, Guowu -- Joshi, Deepak -- Dong, Yuemei -- Lu, Peng -- Zhou, Guoli -- Pan, Xiaoling -- Xu, Yao -- Dimopoulos, George -- Xi, Zhiyong -- R01AI061576/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI080597/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21AI082141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 10;340(6133):748-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1236192.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology/*prevention & control ; Male ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/*growth & development ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Wolbachia/*growth & development
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    Mandibular remains support taxonomic validity of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Since the announcement of the species Australopithecus sediba, questions have been raised over whether the Malapa fossils represent a valid taxon or whether inadequate allowance was made for intraspecific variation, in particular with reference to the temporally and geographically proximate species Au. africanus. The morphology of mandibular remains of Au. sediba, including newly recovered material discussed here, shows that it is not merely a late-surviving morph of Au. africanus. Rather-as is seen elsewhere in the cranium, dentition, and postcranial skeleton-these mandibular remains share similarities with other australopiths but can be differentiated from the hypodigm of Au. africanus in both size and shape as well as in their ontogenetic growth trajectory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Ruiter, Darryl J -- DeWitt, Thomas J -- Carlson, Keely B -- Brophy, Juliet K -- Schroeder, Lauren -- Ackermann, Rebecca R -- Churchill, Steven E -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1232997. doi: 10.1126/science.1232997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. deruiter@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Male ; Mandible/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Paleodontology ; South Africa ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bat and rat neurons differ in theta-frequency resonance despite similar coding of space (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Both bats and rats exhibit grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex that fire as they visit a regular array of spatial locations. In rats, grid-cell firing field properties correlate with theta-frequency rhythmicity of spiking and membrane-potential resonance; however, bat grid cells do not exhibit theta rhythmic spiking, generating controversy over the role of theta rhythm. To test whether this discrepancy reflects differences in rhythmicity at a cellular level, we performed whole-cell patch recordings from entorhinal neurons in both species to record theta-frequency resonance. Bat neurons showed no theta-frequency resonance, suggesting grid-cell coding via different mechanisms in bats and rats or lack of theta rhythmic contributions to grid-cell firing in either species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heys, James G -- MacLeod, Katrina M -- Moss, Cynthia F -- Hasselmo, Michael E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):363-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1233831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jimheys@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Theta Rhythm
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The human animal (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quillin, Kim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1288. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6138.1288-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food Preferences/*psychology ; Humpback Whale/*psychology ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity ; *Transfer (Psychology)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The end of history illusion (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-05
    Description: We measured the personalities, values, and preferences of more than 19,000 people who ranged in age from 18 to 68 and asked them to report how much they had changed in the past decade and/or to predict how much they would change in the next decade. Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future. People, it seems, regard the present as a watershed moment at which they have finally become the person they will be for the rest of their lives. This "end of history illusion" had practical consequences, leading people to overpay for future opportunities to indulge their current preferences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quoidbach, Jordi -- Gilbert, Daniel T -- Wilson, Timothy D -- P01 AG020166/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):96-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1229294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; *Forecasting ; History ; Humans ; *Illusions ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality ; Self Report ; *Time Perception ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Xist lncRNA exploits three-dimensional genome architecture to spread across the X chromosome (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Many large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate chromatin, but the mechanisms by which they localize to genomic targets remain unexplored. We investigated the localization mechanisms of the Xist lncRNA during X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), a paradigm of lncRNA-mediated chromatin regulation. During the maintenance of XCI, Xist binds broadly across the X chromosome. During initiation of XCI, Xist initially transfers to distal regions across the X chromosome that are not defined by specific sequences. Instead, Xist identifies these regions by exploiting the three-dimensional conformation of the X chromosome. Xist requires its silencing domain to spread across actively transcribed regions and thereby access the entire chromosome. These findings suggest a model in which Xist coats the X chromosome by searching in three dimensions, modifying chromosome structure, and spreading to newly accessible locations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engreitz, Jesse M -- Pandya-Jones, Amy -- McDonel, Patrick -- Shishkin, Alexander -- Sirokman, Klara -- Surka, Christine -- Kadri, Sabah -- Xing, Jeffrey -- Goren, Alon -- Lander, Eric S -- Plath, Kathrin -- Guttman, Mitchell -- 1F32GM103139-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DP5 OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP5OD012190/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM099134/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01GM099134/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50HG006193/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):1237973. doi: 10.1126/science.1237973. Epub 2013 Jul 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; *Genome ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-01
    Description: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) approximately 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for approximately 2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751588/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751588/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rietveld, Cornelius A -- Medland, Sarah E -- Derringer, Jaime -- Yang, Jian -- Esko, Tonu -- Martin, Nicolas W -- Westra, Harm-Jan -- Shakhbazov, Konstantin -- Abdellaoui, Abdel -- Agrawal, Arpana -- Albrecht, Eva -- Alizadeh, Behrooz Z -- Amin, Najaf -- Barnard, John -- Baumeister, Sebastian E -- Benke, Kelly S -- Bielak, Lawrence F -- Boatman, Jeffrey A -- Boyle, Patricia A -- Davies, Gail -- de Leeuw, Christiaan -- Eklund, Niina -- Evans, Daniel S -- Ferhmann, Rudolf -- Fischer, Krista -- Gieger, Christian -- Gjessing, Hakon K -- Hagg, Sara -- Harris, Jennifer R -- Hayward, Caroline -- Holzapfel, Christina -- Ibrahim-Verbaas, Carla A -- Ingelsson, Erik -- Jacobsson, Bo -- Joshi, Peter K -- Jugessur, Astanand -- Kaakinen, Marika -- Kanoni, Stavroula -- Karjalainen, Juha -- Kolcic, Ivana -- Kristiansson, Kati -- Kutalik, Zoltan -- Lahti, Jari -- Lee, Sang H -- Lin, Peng -- Lind, Penelope A -- Liu, Yongmei -- Lohman, Kurt -- Loitfelder, Marisa -- McMahon, George -- Vidal, Pedro Marques -- Meirelles, Osorio -- Milani, Lili -- Myhre, Ronny -- Nuotio, Marja-Liisa -- Oldmeadow, Christopher J -- Petrovic, Katja E -- Peyrot, Wouter J -- Polasek, Ozren -- Quaye, Lydia -- Reinmaa, Eva -- Rice, John P -- Rizzi, Thais S -- Schmidt, Helena -- Schmidt, Reinhold -- Smith, Albert V -- Smith, Jennifer A -- Tanaka, Toshiko -- Terracciano, Antonio -- van der Loos, Matthijs J H M -- Vitart, Veronique -- Volzke, Henry -- Wellmann, Jurgen -- Yu, Lei -- Zhao, Wei -- Allik, Juri -- Attia, John R -- Bandinelli, Stefania -- Bastardot, Francois -- Beauchamp, Jonathan -- Bennett, David A -- Berger, Klaus -- Bierut, Laura J -- Boomsma, Dorret I -- Bultmann, Ute -- Campbell, Harry -- Chabris, Christopher F -- Cherkas, Lynn -- Chung, Mina K -- Cucca, Francesco -- de Andrade, Mariza -- De Jager, Philip L -- De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel -- Deary, Ian J -- Dedoussis, George V -- Deloukas, Panos -- Dimitriou, Maria -- Eiriksdottir, Guethny -- Elderson, Martin F -- Eriksson, Johan G -- Evans, David M -- Faul, Jessica D -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Garcia, Melissa E -- Gronberg, Henrik -- Guethnason, Vilmundur -- Hall, Per -- Harris, Juliette M -- Harris, Tamara B -- Hastie, Nicholas D -- Heath, Andrew C -- Hernandez, Dena G -- Hoffmann, Wolfgang -- Hofman, Adriaan -- Holle, Rolf -- Holliday, Elizabeth G -- Hottenga, Jouke-Jan -- Iacono, William G -- Illig, Thomas -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Kahonen, Mika -- Kaprio, Jaakko -- Kirkpatrick, Robert M -- Kowgier, Matthew -- Latvala, Antti -- Launer, Lenore J -- Lawlor, Debbie A -- Lehtimaki, Terho -- Li, Jingmei -- Lichtenstein, Paul -- Lichtner, Peter -- Liewald, David C -- Madden, Pamela A -- Magnusson, Patrik K E -- Makinen, Tomi E -- Masala, Marco -- McGue, Matt -- Metspalu, Andres -- Mielck, Andreas -- Miller, Michael B -- Montgomery, Grant W -- Mukherjee, Sutapa -- Nyholt, Dale R -- Oostra, Ben A -- Palmer, Lyle J -- Palotie, Aarno -- Penninx, Brenda W J H -- Perola, Markus -- Peyser, Patricia A -- Preisig, Martin -- Raikkonen, Katri -- Raitakari, Olli T -- Realo, Anu -- Ring, Susan M -- Ripatti, Samuli -- Rivadeneira, Fernando -- Rudan, Igor -- Rustichini, Aldo -- Salomaa, Veikko -- Sarin, Antti-Pekka -- Schlessinger, David -- Scott, Rodney J -- Snieder, Harold -- St Pourcain, Beate -- Starr, John M -- Sul, Jae Hoon -- Surakka, Ida -- Svento, Rauli -- Teumer, Alexander -- LifeLines Cohort Study -- Tiemeier, Henning -- van Rooij, Frank J A -- Van Wagoner, David R -- Vartiainen, Erkki -- Viikari, Jorma -- Vollenweider, Peter -- Vonk, Judith M -- Waeber, Gerard -- Weir, David R -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Widen, Elisabeth -- Willemsen, Gonneke -- Wilson, James F -- Wright, Alan F -- Conley, Dalton -- Davey-Smith, George -- Franke, Lude -- Groenen, Patrick J F -- Hofman, Albert -- Johannesson, Magnus -- Kardia, Sharon L R -- Krueger, Robert F -- Laibson, David -- Martin, Nicholas G -- Meyer, Michelle N -- Posthuma, Danielle -- Thurik, A Roy -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Uitterlinden, Andre G -- van Duijn, Cornelia M -- Visscher, Peter M -- Benjamin, Daniel J -- Cesarini, David -- Koellinger, Philipp D -- AA09367/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AA11886/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- BB/F019394/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- CZB/4/710/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- DA024417/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA029377/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA05147/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13240/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- ETM/55/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- F31 DA029377/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- G0600705/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700704/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9815508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K05 AA017688/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- MC_PC_U127561128/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12013/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12013/3/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12013/5/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MH016880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH066140/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MR/K026992/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 AG005842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM099568/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG005842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG005842-20S2/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG012810/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30-AG012810/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AA009367/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AA011886/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013240/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090620/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL105756/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL111314/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH066140/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 DA005147/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG000186/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH016880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32-AG000186-23/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 AG009740/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 DA024417/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AG001050-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AG000196-03/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AG000196-04/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1467-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1235488. Epub 2013 May 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23722424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cognition ; *Educational Status ; Endophenotypes ; Female ; Genetic Loci ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Behavior. Animal conformists (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Waal, Frans B M -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):437-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1237521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. dewaal@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food Preferences/*psychology ; Humpback Whale/*psychology ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity ; *Transfer (Psychology)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Glutamate-dependent neuroglial calcium signaling differs between young and adult brain (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: An extensive literature shows that astrocytes exhibit metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-dependent increases in cytosolic calcium ions (Ca(2+)) in response to glutamatergic transmission and, in turn, modulate neuronal activity by their Ca(2+)-dependent release of gliotransmitters. These findings, based on studies of young rodents, have led to the concept of the tripartite synapse, in which astrocytes actively participate in neurotransmission. Using genomic analysis, immunoelectron microscopy, and two-photon microscopy of astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling in vivo, we found that astrocytic expression of mGluR5 is developmentally regulated and is undetectable after postnatal week 3. In contrast, mGluR3, whose activation inhibits adenylate cyclase but not calcium signaling, was expressed in astrocytes at all developmental stages. Neuroglial signaling in the adult brain may therefore occur in a manner fundamentally distinct from that exhibited during development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3569008/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3569008/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Wei -- McConnell, Evan -- Pare, Jean-Francois -- Xu, Qiwu -- Chen, Michael -- Peng, Weiguo -- Lovatt, Ditte -- Han, Xiaoning -- Smith, Yoland -- Nedergaard, Maiken -- NS075177/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS078304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS075177/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078167/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS078304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):197-200. doi: 10.1126/science.1226740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Aging ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
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    China's little emperors show signs of success (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Xudong -- Ma, Xiquan -- Yao, Yuhong -- Wan, Chonghua -- Ng, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 22;339(6122):905-6. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6122.905-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attitude ; *Behavior ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality
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    China. Making a selfish generation by fiat (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):131. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6116.131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; China ; Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality ; *Social Behavior ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A worm vaccine, coming at a snail's pace (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):502-3. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6119.502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Brazil ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; *Research Support as Topic ; Schistosoma/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/*drug therapy/prevention & control ; Vaccines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Alarm over autism test (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1164-7. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6151.1164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*diagnosis/*immunology ; Brain/embryology/*immunology ; California ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fetal Proteins/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Tests ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Males shorten the life span of C. elegans hermaphrodites via secreted compounds (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-03
    Description: How an individual's longevity is affected by the opposite sex is still largely unclear. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the presence of males accelerated aging and shortened the life span of individuals of the opposite sex (hermaphrodites), including long-lived or sterile hermaphrodites. The male-induced demise could occur without mating and required only exposure of hermaphrodites to medium in which males were once present. Such communication through pheromones or other diffusible substances points to a nonindividual autonomous mode of aging regulation. The male-induced demise also occurred in other species of nematodes, suggesting an evolutionary conserved process whereby males may induce the disposal of the opposite sex to save resources for the next generation or to prevent competition from other males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126796/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126796/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maures, Travis J -- Booth, Lauren N -- Benayoun, Berenice A -- Izrayelit, Yevgeniy -- Schroeder, Frank C -- Brunet, Anne -- DP1 AG044848/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DP1AG044848/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32AG37254/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01GM088290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):541-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244160. Epub 2013 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Longevity/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Peptide Hormones/genetics ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Social learning of migratory performance (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Successful bird migration can depend on individual learning, social learning, and innate navigation programs. Using 8 years of data on migrating whooping cranes, we were able to partition genetic and socially learned aspects of migration. Specifically, we analyzed data from a reintroduced population wherein all birds were captive bred and artificially trained by ultralight aircraft on their first lifetime migration. For subsequent migrations, in which birds fly individually or in groups but without ultralight escort, we found evidence of long-term social learning, but no effect of genetic relatedness on migratory performance. Social learning from older birds reduced deviations from a straight-line path, with 7 years of experience yielding a 38% improvement in migratory accuracy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Thomas -- O'Hara, Robert B -- Converse, Sarah J -- Urbanek, Richard P -- Fagan, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 30;341(6149):999-1002. doi: 10.1126/science.1237139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. muellert@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds ; Female ; *Learning ; Male ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Little emperors pose behavioral challenges (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cameron, Lisa -- Erkal, Nisvan -- Gangadharan, Lata -- Meng, Xin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):272-3. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6130.272-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attitude ; *Behavior ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child/*psychology ; *Personality
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Potent social learning and conformity shape a wild primate's foraging decisions (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Conformity to local behavioral norms reflects the pervading role of culture in human life. Laboratory experiments have begun to suggest a role for conformity in animal social learning, but evidence from the wild remains circumstantial. Here, we show experimentally that wild vervet monkeys will abandon personal foraging preferences in favor of group norms new to them. Groups first learned to avoid the bitter-tasting alternative of two foods. Presentations of these options untreated months later revealed that all new infants naive to the foods adopted maternal preferences. Males who migrated between groups where the alternative food was eaten switched to the new local norm. Such powerful effects of social learning represent a more potent force than hitherto recognized in shaping group differences among wild animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van de Waal, Erica -- Borgeaud, Christele -- Whiten, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):483-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1232769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology ; Female ; Food Preferences/*psychology ; Male ; *Social Conformity ; Taste ; *Transfer (Psychology) ; Zea mays
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    Genetics. Y weigh in again on modern humans (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cann, Rebecca L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 2;341(6145):465-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1242899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. rcann@hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human, Y/*classification/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male
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    Developmental biology. A transition in the middle ear (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fekete, Donna M -- Noden, Drew M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1396-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1236645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. dfekete@purdue.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23520103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ear, Middle/*cytology/*embryology ; Endoderm/*cytology ; Epithelium/*embryology ; Female ; Male ; Neural Crest/*cytology
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    Young researchers in Japan (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagata, Naoki -- Yamanaka, Shinya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):407. doi: 10.1126/science.1239057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Research Personnel/*economics/*education ; Science/*economics/*education/trends ; Sex Ratio
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    Changing social norm compliance with noninvasive brain stimulation (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: All known human societies have maintained social order by enforcing compliance with social norms. The biological mechanisms underlying norm compliance are, however, hardly understood. We show that the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rLPFC) is involved in both voluntary and sanction-induced norm compliance. Both types of compliance could be changed by varying the neural excitability of this brain region with transcranial direct current stimulation, but they were affected in opposite ways, suggesting that the stimulated region plays a fundamentally different role in voluntary and sanction-based compliance. Brain stimulation had a particularly strong effect on compliance in the context of socially constituted sanctions, whereas it left beliefs about what the norm prescribes and about subjectively expected sanctions unaffected. Our findings suggest that rLPFC activity is a key biological prerequisite for an evolutionarily and socially important aspect of human behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C C -- Ugazio, G -- Fehr, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 25;342(6157):482-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1241399. Epub 2013 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24091703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Deep Brain Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Social Change ; *Social Responsibility ; Young Adult
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    Comment on "Drosophila dosage compensation involves enhanced Pol II recruitment to male X-linked promoters" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Conrad et al. (Reports, 10 August 2012, p. 742) reported a doubling of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) occupancy at X-linked promoters to support 5' recruitment as the key mechanism for dosage compensation in Drosophila. However, they employed an erroneous data-processing step, overestimating Pol II differences. Reanalysis of the data fails to support the authors' model for dosage compensation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferrari, F -- Jung, Y L -- Kharchenko, P V -- Plachetka, A -- Alekseyenko, A A -- Kuroda, M I -- Park, P J -- GM45744/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045744/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):273. doi: 10.1126/science.1231815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, X-Linked ; Male ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; X Chromosome/*genetics
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    Retrospective. Robert G. Edwards (1925-2013) (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Susan J -- Giudice, Linda C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):825. doi: 10.1126/science.1239644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. sfisher@cgl.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: England ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Nobel Prize ; Physiology/*history ; Reproduction
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    Dental morphology and the phylogenetic "place" of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: To characterize further the Australopithecus sediba hypodigm, we describe 22 dental traits in specimens MH1 and MH2. Like other skeletal elements, the teeth present a mosaic of primitive and derived features. The new nonmetric data are then qualitatively and phenetically compared with those in eight other African hominin samples, before cladistic analyses using a gorilla outgroup. There is some distinction, largely driven by contrasting molar traits, from East African australopiths. However, Au. sediba links with Au. africanus to form a South African australopith clade. These species present five apomorphies, including shared expressions of Carabelli's upper first molar (UM1) and protostylid lower first molar (LM1). Five synapomorphies are also evident between them and monophyletic Homo habilis/rudolfensis + H. erectus. Finally, a South African australopith + Homo clade is supported by four shared derived states, including identical LM1 cusp 7 expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irish, Joel D -- Guatelli-Steinberg, Debbie -- Legge, Scott S -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1233062. doi: 10.1126/science.1233062.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. j.d.irish@ljmu.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gorilla gorilla/anatomy & histology ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Male ; Molar/*anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; South Africa ; Tooth/*anatomy & histology
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    Response to comments on "Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: Commenters objected to the way that we counted matings and offspring to calculate Bateman slopes and disagreed with our contention that predation on offspring can decrease the potential for sexual selection. We clarify what may have been misunderstandings to argue that our methods, analyses, and conclusions are correct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Byers, John -- Dunn, Stacey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):549. doi: 10.1126/science.1233500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antelopes/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 90
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    The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: The evolution of the human upper limb involved a change in function from its use for both locomotion and prehension (as in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative role. Well-preserved forelimb remains of 1.98-million-year-old Australopithecus sediba from Malapa, South Africa, contribute to our understanding of this evolutionary transition. Whereas other aspects of their postcranial anatomy evince mosaic combinations of primitive (australopith-like) and derived (Homo-like) features, the upper limbs (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the retention of substantial climbing and suspensory ability. The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and manipulation appears to arise later, likely with the emergence of Homo erectus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Steven E -- Holliday, Trenton W -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Jashashvili, Tea -- Macias, Marisa E -- Mathews, Sandra -- Sparling, Tawnee L -- Schmid, Peter -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):1233477. doi: 10.1126/science.1233477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. churchy@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm Bones/anatomy & histology ; Biological Evolution ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bones of Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Clavicle/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Scapula/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Upper Extremity/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Genetics. Herit-ability (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flint, Jonathan -- Munafo, Marcus -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1416-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1240684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Educational Status ; Female ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomic analysis of non-NF2 meningiomas reveals mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: We report genomic analysis of 300 meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumors, leading to the discovery of mutations in TRAF7, a proapoptotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, in nearly one-fourth of all meningiomas. Mutations in TRAF7 commonly occurred with a recurrent mutation (K409Q) in KLF4, a transcription factor known for its role in inducing pluripotency, or with AKT1(E17K), a mutation known to activate the PI3K pathway. SMO mutations, which activate Hedgehog signaling, were identified in ~5% of non-NF2 mutant meningiomas. These non-NF2 meningiomas were clinically distinctive-nearly always benign, with chromosomal stability, and originating from the medial skull base. In contrast, meningiomas with mutant NF2 and/or chromosome 22 loss were more likely to be atypical, showing genomic instability, and localizing to the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Collectively, these findings identify distinct meningioma subtypes, suggesting avenues for targeted therapeutics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Victoria E -- Erson-Omay, E Zeynep -- Serin, Akdes -- Yin, Jun -- Cotney, Justin -- Ozduman, Koray -- Avsar, Timucin -- Li, Jie -- Murray, Phillip B -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Yilmaz, Saliha -- Gunel, Jennifer Moliterno -- Carrion-Grant, Geneive -- Yilmaz, Baran -- Grady, Conor -- Tanrikulu, Bahattin -- Bakircioglu, Mehmet -- Kaymakcalan, Hande -- Caglayan, Ahmet Okay -- Sencar, Leman -- Ceyhun, Emre -- Atik, A Fatih -- Bayri, Yasar -- Bai, Hanwen -- Kolb, Luis E -- Hebert, Ryan M -- Omay, S Bulent -- Mishra-Gorur, Ketu -- Choi, Murim -- Overton, John D -- Holland, Eric C -- Mane, Shrikant -- State, Matthew W -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Baehring, Joachim M -- Gutin, Philip H -- Piepmeier, Joseph M -- Vortmeyer, Alexander -- Brennan, Cameron W -- Pamir, M Necmettin -- Kilic, Turker -- Lifton, Richard P -- Noonan, James P -- Yasuno, Katsuhito -- Gunel, Murat -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1077-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1233009. Epub 2013 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Genomic Instability ; Genomics ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Meningioma/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Grading ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/*genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On the trail of ancient killers (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 14;340(6138):1278-82. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6138.1278.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Load ; Bone and Bones/microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics/history/isolation & purification ; Denmark ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Human ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Leprosy/history/*microbiology ; Mycobacterium leprae/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Plague/history/microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; Sequence Alignment ; Tooth/*microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/genetics/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Interactions between the nucleus accumbens and auditory cortices predict music reward value (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural processes when music gains reward value the first time it is heard. The degree of activity in the mesolimbic striatal regions, especially the nucleus accumbens, during music listening was the best predictor of the amount listeners were willing to spend on previously unheard music in an auction paradigm. Importantly, the auditory cortices, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal regions showed increased activity during listening conditions requiring valuation, but did not predict reward value, which was instead predicted by increasing functional connectivity of these regions with the nucleus accumbens as the reward value increased. Thus, aesthetic rewards arise from the interaction between mesolimbic reward circuitry and cortical networks involved in perceptual analysis and valuation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salimpoor, Valorie N -- van den Bosch, Iris -- Kovacevic, Natasa -- McIntosh, Anthony Randal -- Dagher, Alain -- Zatorre, Robert J -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):216-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1231059.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. vsalimpoor@research.baycrest.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Auditory Perception ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/physiology ; Esthetics ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Music ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology ; *Reward ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Health and obesity: not just skin deep (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Erik -- Arner, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):558-9. doi: 10.1126/science.342.6158.558-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/*physiology ; *Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/*mortality/*physiopathology
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    Aire-dependent thymic development of tumor-associated regulatory T cells (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: Despite considerable interest in the modulation of tumor-associated Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) for therapeutic benefit, little is known about the developmental origins of these cells and the nature of the antigens that they recognize. We identified an endogenous population of antigen-specific T(regs) (termed MJ23 T(regs)) found recurrently enriched in the tumors of mice with oncogene-driven prostate cancer. MJ23 T(regs) were not reactive to a tumor-specific antigen but instead recognized a prostate-associated antigen that was present in tumor-free mice. MJ23 T(regs) underwent autoimmune regulator (Aire)-dependent thymic development in both male and female mice. Thus, Aire-mediated expression of peripheral tissue antigens drives the thymic development of a subset of organ-specific T(regs), which are likely coopted by tumors developing within the associated organ.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622085/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622085/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malchow, Sven -- Leventhal, Daniel S -- Nishi, Saki -- Fischer, Benjamin I -- Shen, Lynn -- Paner, Gladell P -- Amit, Ayelet S -- Kang, Chulho -- Geddes, Jenna E -- Allison, James P -- Socci, Nicholas D -- Savage, Peter A -- 1R01CA160371-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA14599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA160371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1219-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1233913.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prostate/*immunology ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/*growth & development/*immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*immunology
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    Genome-wide quantitative enhancer activity maps identified by STARR-seq (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Genomic enhancers are important regulators of gene expression, but their identification is a challenge, and methods depend on indirect measures of activity. We developed a method termed STARR-seq to directly and quantitatively assess enhancer activity for millions of candidates from arbitrary sources of DNA, which enables screens across entire genomes. When applied to the Drosophila genome, STARR-seq identifies thousands of cell type-specific enhancers across a broad continuum of strengths, links differential gene expression to differences in enhancer activity, and creates a genome-wide quantitative enhancer map. This map reveals the highly complex regulation of transcription, with several independent enhancers for both developmental regulators and ubiquitously expressed genes. STARR-seq can be used to identify and quantify enhancer activity in other eukaryotes, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnold, Cosmas D -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Stelzer, Christoph -- Boryn, Lukasz M -- Rath, Martina -- Stark, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1074-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1232542. Epub 2013 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping/*methods ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/growth & development ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ovary/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Response to comment on "Poverty impedes cognitive function" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: Wicherts and Scholten criticized our study on statistical and psychometric grounds. We show that (i) using a continuous income variable, the interaction between income, and experimental manipulation remains reliable across our experiments; (ii) our results in the cognitive control task do not appear driven by ceiling effects; and (iii) our observed post-harvest improvement is robust to the presence of learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, Anandi -- Mullainathan, Sendhil -- Shafir, Eldar -- Zhao, Jiaying -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1169. doi: 10.1126/science.1246799.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poverty/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mysteries of development. How do organs know when they have reached the right size? (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 7;340(6137):1156-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6137.1156-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma/embryology ; Animals ; Developmental Biology/*history ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Extremities/embryology ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Imaginal Discs/embryology ; Male ; Organ Size ; Organogenesis/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Trachea transplants test the limits (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):266-8. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6130.266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bioengineering ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Regenerative Medicine/economics/*trends ; Stem Cell Transplantation/*methods ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Trachea/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/*transplantation ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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