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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: It is well established that chromosome segregation in female meiosis I (MI) is error-prone. The acentrosomal meiotic spindle poles do not have centrioles and are not anchored to the cortex via astral microtubules. By Cre recombinase-mediated removal in oocytes of the microtubule binding site of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA), which is implicated in anchoring microtubules at poles, we determine that without functional NuMA, microtubules lose connection to MI spindle poles, resulting in highly disorganized early spindle assembly. Subsequently, very long spindles form with hyperfocused poles. The kinetochores of homologs make attachments to microtubules in these spindles but with reduced tension between them and accompanied by alignment defects. Despite this, the spindle assembly checkpoint is normally silenced and the advance to anaphase I and first polar body extrusion takes place without delay. Females without functional NuMA in oocytes are sterile, producing aneuploid eggs with altered chromosome number. These findings establish that in mammalian MI, the spindle assembly checkpoint is unable to sustain meiotic arrest in the presence of one or few misaligned and/or misattached kinetochores with reduced interkinetochore tension, thereby offering an explanation for why MI in mammals is so error-prone.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: A mechanism by which the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway mediates growth factor-dependent cell survival was characterized. The MAPK-activated kinases, the Rsks, catalyzed the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD at serine 112 both in vitro and in vivo. The Rsk-induced phosphorylation of BAD at serine 112 suppressed BAD-mediated apoptosis in neurons. Rsks also are known to phosphorylate the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) at serine 133. Activated CREB promoted cell survival, and inhibition of CREB phosphorylation at serine 133 triggered apoptosis. These findings suggest that the MAPK signaling pathway promotes cell survival by a dual mechanism comprising the posttranslational modification and inactivation of a component of the cell death machinery and the increased transcription of pro-survival genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonni, A -- Brunet, A -- West, A E -- Datta, S R -- Takasu, M A -- Greenberg, M E -- NIHP30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD 24926/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1358-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; bcl-Associated Death Protein ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: The signaling pathway from phosphoinositide 3-kinase to the protein kinase Akt controls organismal life-span in invertebrates and cell survival and proliferation in mammals by inhibiting the activity of members of the FOXO family of transcription factors. We show that mammalian FOXO3a also functions at the G2 to M checkpoint in the cell cycle and triggers the repair of damaged DNA. By gene array analysis, FOXO3a was found to modulate the expression of several genes that regulate the cellular response to stress at the G2-M checkpoint. The growth arrest and DNA damage response gene Gadd45a appeared to be a direct target of FOXO3a that mediates part of FOXO3a's effects on DNA repair. These findings indicate that in mammals FOXO3a regulates the resistance of cells to stress by inducing DNA repair and thereby may also affect organismal life-span.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Hien -- Brunet, Anne -- Grenier, Jill M -- Datta, Sandeep R -- Fornace, Albert J Jr -- DiStefano, Peter S -- Chiang, Lillian W -- Greenberg, Michael E -- NIHP30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01-HD24926/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):530-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromones/pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; G2 Phase ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mitosis ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Tamoxifen/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822621/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822621/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunet, Anne -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):713-4. doi: 10.1038/458713a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; *Caloric Restriction ; Humans ; Insulin/physiology ; Neoplasms/*diet therapy ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-12-03
    Description: How an individual's longevity is affected by the opposite sex is still largely unclear. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the presence of males accelerated aging and shortened the life span of individuals of the opposite sex (hermaphrodites), including long-lived or sterile hermaphrodites. The male-induced demise could occur without mating and required only exposure of hermaphrodites to medium in which males were once present. Such communication through pheromones or other diffusible substances points to a nonindividual autonomous mode of aging regulation. The male-induced demise also occurred in other species of nematodes, suggesting an evolutionary conserved process whereby males may induce the disposal of the opposite sex to save resources for the next generation or to prevent competition from other males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126796/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126796/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maures, Travis J -- Booth, Lauren N -- Benayoun, Berenice A -- Izrayelit, Yevgeniy -- Schroeder, Frank C -- Brunet, Anne -- DP1 AG044848/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DP1AG044848/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32AG37254/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01GM088290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32GM008500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):541-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1244160. Epub 2013 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Longevity/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Peptide Hormones/genetics ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: The Sir2 deacetylase modulates organismal life-span in various species. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Sir2 increases longevity are largely unknown. We show that in mammalian cells, the Sir2 homolog SIRT1 appears to control the cellular response to stress by regulating the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors, a family of proteins that function as sensors of the insulin signaling pathway and as regulators of organismal longevity. SIRT1 and the FOXO transcription factor FOXO3 formed a complex in cells in response to oxidative stress, and SIRT1 deacetylated FOXO3 in vitro and within cells. SIRT1 had a dual effect on FOXO3 function: SIRT1 increased FOXO3's ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress but inhibited FOXO3's ability to induce cell death. Thus, one way in which members of the Sir2 family of proteins may increase organismal longevity is by tipping FOXO-dependent responses away from apoptosis and toward stress resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunet, Anne -- Sweeney, Lora B -- Sturgill, J Fitzhugh -- Chua, Katrin F -- Greer, Paul L -- Lin, Yingxi -- Tran, Hien -- Ross, Sarah E -- Mostoslavsky, Raul -- Cohen, Haim Y -- Hu, Linda S -- Cheng, Hwei-Ling -- Jedrychowski, Mark P -- Gygi, Steven P -- Sinclair, David A -- Alt, Frederick W -- Greenberg, Michael E -- NIHP30-HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS35138-17/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2011-5. Epub 2004 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Center for Blood Research (CBR) Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/cytology ; *Oxidative Stress ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leeman, Dena S -- Brunet, Anne -- P01 AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 23;505(7484):488-90. doi: 10.1038/505488a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, the Cancer Biology Program, and the Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Male ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-10-21
    Description: Chromatin modifiers regulate lifespan in several organisms, raising the question of whether changes in chromatin states in the parental generation could be incompletely reprogrammed in the next generation and thereby affect the lifespan of descendants. The histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) complex, composed of ASH-2, WDR-5 and the histone methyltransferase SET-2, regulates Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Here we show that deficiencies in the H3K4me3 chromatin modifiers ASH-2, WDR-5 or SET-2 in the parental generation extend the lifespan of descendants up until the third generation. The transgenerational inheritance of lifespan extension by members of the ASH-2 complex is dependent on the H3K4me3 demethylase RBR-2, and requires the presence of a functioning germline in the descendants. Transgenerational inheritance of lifespan is specific for the H3K4me3 methylation complex and is associated with epigenetic changes in gene expression. Thus, manipulation of specific chromatin modifiers only in parents can induce an epigenetic memory of longevity in descendants.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greer, Eric L -- Maures, Travis J -- Ucar, Duygu -- Hauswirth, Anna G -- Mancini, Elena -- Lim, Jana P -- Benayoun, Berenice A -- Shi, Yang -- Brunet, Anne -- ARRA-AG31198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32-AG037254/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG31198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM058012/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009361/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 19;479(7373):365-71. doi: 10.1038/nature10572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Histone Demethylases/genetics/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Histones ; *Inheritance Patterns ; Longevity/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Methylation ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-06-18
    Description: The plasticity of ageing suggests that longevity may be controlled epigenetically by specific alterations in chromatin state. The link between chromatin and ageing has mostly focused on histone deacetylation by the Sir2 family, but less is known about the role of other histone modifications in longevity. Histone methylation has a crucial role in development and in maintaining stem cell pluripotency in mammals. Regulators of histone methylation have been associated with ageing in worms and flies, but characterization of their role and mechanism of action has been limited. Here we identify the ASH-2 trithorax complex, which trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4), as a regulator of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans in a directed RNA interference (RNAi) screen in fertile worms. Deficiencies in members of the ASH-2 complex-ASH-2 itself, WDR-5 and the H3K4 methyltransferase SET-2-extend worm lifespan. Conversely, the H3K4 demethylase RBR-2 is required for normal lifespan, consistent with the idea that an excess of H3K4 trimethylation-a mark associated with active chromatin-is detrimental for longevity. Lifespan extension induced by ASH-2 complex deficiency requires the presence of an intact adult germline and the continuous production of mature eggs. ASH-2 and RBR-2 act in the germline, at least in part, to regulate lifespan and to control a set of genes involved in lifespan determination. These results indicate that the longevity of the soma is regulated by an H3K4 methyltransferase/demethylase complex acting in the C. elegans germline.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greer, Eric L -- Maures, Travis J -- Hauswirth, Anna G -- Green, Erin M -- Leeman, Dena S -- Maro, Geraldine S -- Han, Shuo -- Banko, Max R -- Gozani, Or -- Brunet, Anne -- AG31198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31-AG032837/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-01A1S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG031198-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG31198/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-HG000044/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):383-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09195. Epub 2010 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20555324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Caenorhabditis elegans/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Germ Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Histone Demethylases/genetics/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, termed MAPK modules, channel extracellular signals into specific cellular responses. Chimeric molecules were constructed between p38 and p44 MAPKs, which transduce stress and growth factor signals, respectively. A discrete region of 40 residues located in the amono-terminal p38MAPK lobe directed the specificity of response to extracellular signals, whereas the p44MAPK chimera, expressed in vivo, redirected stress signals into early mitogenic responses, demonstrating the functional independence of these domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunet, A -- Pouyssegur, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1652-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Biochemie-CNRS, UMR134, Parc Valrose, Faculte des Sciences, Nice, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, fos ; Growth Substances/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ; Signal Transduction ; Sorbitol/pharmacology ; Substrate Specificity ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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