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  • *Biological Evolution  (1,390)
  • Phosphorylation  (1,100)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,486)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • MDPI Publishing
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: Activation of various cell surface receptors triggers the reorganization of downstream signaling molecules into micrometer- or submicrometer-sized clusters. However, the functional consequences of such clustering have been unclear. We biochemically reconstituted a 12-component signaling pathway on model membranes, beginning with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and ending with actin assembly. When TCR phosphorylation was triggered, downstream signaling proteins spontaneously separated into liquid-like clusters that promoted signaling outputs both in vitro and in human Jurkat T cells. Reconstituted clusters were enriched in kinases but excluded phosphatases and enhanced actin filament assembly by recruiting and organizing actin regulators. These results demonstrate that protein phase separation can create a distinct physical and biochemical compartment that facilitates signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaolei -- Ditlev, Jonathon A -- Hui, Enfu -- Xing, Wenmin -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Okrut, Julia -- King, David S -- Taunton, Jack -- Rosen, Michael K -- Vale, Ronald D -- 5-F32-DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):595-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9964. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; HHMI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*agonists ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maxmen, Amy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1378-80. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anal Canal/*anatomy & histology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ctenophora/*anatomy & histology/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6270.214. Epub 2016 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Copulation ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, Steven G -- Bhattacharya, Debashish -- Weber, Andreas P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):659-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Lille CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. debash.bhattacharya@gmail.com. ; Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitatsstrasse 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Archaea/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Endocytosis ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Plastids/*genetics ; Rickettsia/genetics/pathogenicity ; Symbiosis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: In response to growth signals, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) stimulates anabolic processes underlying cell growth. We found that mTORC1 increases metabolic flux through the de novo purine synthesis pathway in various mouse and human cells, thereby influencing the nucleotide pool available for nucleic acid synthesis. mTORC1 had transcriptional effects on multiple enzymes contributing to purine synthesis, with expression of the mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate (mTHF) cycle enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) being closely associated with mTORC1 signaling in both normal and cancer cells. MTHFD2 expression and purine synthesis were stimulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which was activated by mTORC1 independent of its canonical induction downstream of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Thus, mTORC1 stimulates the mTHF cycle, which contributes one-carbon units to enhance production of purine nucleotides in response to growth signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ben-Sahra, Issam -- Hoxhaj, Gerta -- Ricoult, Stephane J H -- Asara, John M -- Manning, Brendan D -- K99-CA194192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35 CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35-CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):728-33. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bmanning@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase/genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP)/genetics ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Philip E -- Le Roux, Johannes J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-b. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. philip.hulme@lincoln.ac.nz. ; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarrazin, Francois -- Lecomte, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):422-3. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.422-c. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CESCO, UMR 7204, 75005 Paris, France. sarrazin@mnhn.fr. ; Ecologie Systematique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzer, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. dantzer@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Songbirds/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Protein phosphorylation regulates virtually all biological processes. Although protein kinases are popular drug targets, targeting protein phosphatases remains a challenge. Here, we describe Sephin1 (selective inhibitor of a holophosphatase), a small molecule that safely and selectively inhibited a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in vivo. Sephin1 selectively bound and inhibited the stress-induced PPP1R15A, but not the related and constitutive PPP1R15B, to prolong the benefit of an adaptive phospho-signaling pathway, protecting cells from otherwise lethal protein misfolding stress. In vivo, Sephin1 safely prevented the motor, morphological, and molecular defects of two otherwise unrelated protein-misfolding diseases in mice, Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property exploited here to safely prevent two protein misfolding diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Das, Indrajit -- Krzyzosiak, Agnieszka -- Schneider, Kim -- Wrabetz, Lawrence -- D'Antonio, Maurizio -- Barry, Nicholas -- Sigurdardottir, Anna -- Bertolotti, Anne -- 309516/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01-NS55256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. aberto@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Guanabenz/*analogs & derivatives/chemical ; synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Proteostasis Deficiencies/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1054. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1054.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; *Faculty ; Knowledge ; *Professional Competence ; *Religion and Science ; Role ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: A central process in evolution is the recruitment of genes to regulatory networks. We engineered immotile strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens that lack flagella due to deletion of the regulatory gene fleQ. Under strong selection for motility, these bacteria consistently regained flagella within 96 hours via a two-step evolutionary pathway. Step 1 mutations increase intracellular levels of phosphorylated NtrC, a distant homolog of FleQ, which begins to commandeer control of the fleQ regulon at the cost of disrupting nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Step 2 is a switch-of-function mutation that redirects NtrC away from nitrogen uptake and toward its novel function as a flagellar regulator. Our results demonstrate that natural selection can rapidly rewire regulatory networks in very few, repeatable mutational steps.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Tiffany B -- Mulley, Geraldine -- Dills, Alexander H -- Alsohim, Abdullah S -- McGuffin, Liam J -- Studholme, David J -- Silby, Mark W -- Brockhurst, Michael A -- Johnson, Louise J -- Jackson, Robert W -- BB/J015350/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/K003240/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT097835MF/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT101650MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1014-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1259145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. ; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. Department of Plant Production and Protection, Qassim University, Qassim, P.O. Box 6622, Saudi Arabia. ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK. ; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. l.j.johnson@reading.ac.uk. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK. The University of Akureyri, Borgir vid Nordurslod, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Flagella/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Regulon ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Sedimentary basins in eastern Africa preserve a record of continental rifting and contain important fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution. However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (Ma) is poorly documented in surface outcrops, particularly in Afar, Ethiopia. Here we present the discovery of a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research area of Afar, Ethiopia, that have produced the earliest record of the genus Homo. Vertebrate fossils record a faunal turnover indicative of more open and probably arid habitats than those reconstructed earlier in this region, which is in broad agreement with hypotheses addressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time. Geological analyses constrain depositional and structural models of Afar and date the LD 350-1 Homo mandible to 2.80 to 2.75 Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMaggio, Erin N -- Campisano, Christopher J -- Rowan, John -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Deino, Alan L -- Bibi, Faysal -- Lewis, Margaret E -- Souron, Antoine -- Garello, Dominique -- Werdelin, Lars -- Reed, Kaye E -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1355-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1415. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dimaggio@psu.edu kreed@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; CNRS Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. ; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ; Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. ; Biology Program, Stockton University, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA. ; Human Evolution Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3160, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739409" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: The nonrandom distribution of meiotic recombination shapes heredity and genetic diversification. Theoretically, hotspots--favored sites of recombination initiation--either evolve rapidly toward extinction or are conserved, especially if they are chromosomal features under selective constraint, such as promoters. We tested these theories by comparing genome-wide recombination initiation maps from widely divergent Saccharomyces species. We find that hotspots frequently overlap with promoters in the species tested, and consequently, hotspot positions are well conserved. Remarkably, the relative strength of individual hotspots is also highly conserved, as are larger-scale features of the distribution of recombination initiation. This stability, not predicted by prior models, suggests that the particular shape of the yeast recombination landscape is adaptive and helps in understanding evolutionary dynamics of recombination in other species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656144/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656144/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Isabel -- Keeney, Scott -- F31 GM097861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058673/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):932-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. s-keeney@ski.mskcc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Genome, Fungal/genetics ; *Homologous Recombination ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/classification/*genetics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Understanding the evolution of sex determination in plants requires identifying the mechanisms underlying the transition from monoecious plants, where male and female flowers coexist, to unisexual individuals found in dioecious species. We show that in melon and cucumber, the androecy gene controls female flower development and encodes a limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis, ACS11. ACS11 is expressed in phloem cells connected to flowers programmed to become female, and ACS11 loss-of-function mutants lead to male plants (androecy). CmACS11 represses the expression of the male promoting gene CmWIP1 to control the development and the coexistence of male and female flowers in monoecious species. Because monoecy can lead to dioecy, we show how a combination of alleles of CmACS11 and CmWIP1 can create artificial dioecy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boualem, Adnane -- Troadec, Christelle -- Camps, Celine -- Lemhemdi, Afef -- Morin, Halima -- Sari, Marie-Agnes -- Fraenkel-Zagouri, Rina -- Kovalski, Irina -- Dogimont, Catherine -- Perl-Treves, Rafael -- Bendahmane, Abdelhafid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):688-91. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8370.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite d'Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France. ; Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Universite Rene Descartes, Paris, France. ; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; INRA, UR 1052, Unite de Genetique et d'Amelioration des Fruits et Legumes, BP 94, F-84143 Montfavet, France. ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, Universite d'Evry, Universite Paris-Diderot, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France. bendahm@evry.inra.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cucumis sativus/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Cucurbitaceae/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development ; Ethylenes/biosynthesis ; Flowers/enzymology/genetics/*growth & development ; Genes, Plant/genetics/physiology ; Lyases/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phloem/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: An important question in ecology is how mechanistic processes occurring among individuals drive large-scale patterns of community formation and change. Here we show that in two species of bluebirds, cycles of replacement of one by the other emerge as an indirect consequence of maternal influence on offspring behavior in response to local resource availability. Sampling across broad temporal and spatial scales, we found that western bluebirds, the more competitive species, bias the birth order of offspring by sex in a way that influences offspring aggression and dispersal, setting the stage for rapid increases in population density that ultimately result in the replacement of their sister species. Our results provide insight into how predictable community dynamics can occur despite the contingency of local behavioral interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duckworth, Renee A -- Belloni, Virginia -- Anderson, Samantha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):875-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rad3@email.arizona.edu. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/analysis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Clutch Size ; *Competitive Behavior ; *Ecosystem ; Egg Yolk/chemistry ; Female ; Fires ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; Population Density ; Songbirds/*physiology ; United States
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Villmoare et al. (Reports, 20 March 2015, p. 1352) report on a hominin mandible from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Ethiopia, which they claim to be the earliest known representative of the genus Homo. However, certain measurements and observations for Australopithecus sediba mandibles presented are incorrect or are not included in critical aspects of the study. When correctly used, these data demonstrate that specimen LD 350-1 cannot be unequivocally assigned to the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawks, John -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Berger, Lee R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1326. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. jhawks@wisc.edu. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: The mechanistic basis of eukaryotic circadian oscillators in model systems as diverse as Neurospora, Drosophila, and mammalian cells is thought to be a transcription-and-translation-based negative feedback loop, wherein progressive and controlled phosphorylation of one or more negative elements ultimately elicits their own proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby releasing negative feedback and determining circadian period length. The Neurospora crassa circadian negative element FREQUENCY (FRQ) exemplifies such proteins; it is progressively phosphorylated at more than 100 sites, and strains bearing alleles of frq with anomalous phosphorylation display abnormal stability of FRQ that is well correlated with altered periods or apparent arrhythmicity. Unexpectedly, we unveiled normal circadian oscillations that reflect the allelic state of frq but that persist in the absence of typical degradation of FRQ. This manifest uncoupling of negative element turnover from circadian period length determination is not consistent with the consensus eukaryotic circadian model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larrondo, Luis F -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Baker, Christopher L -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Dunlap, Jay C -- P01 GM68087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):1257277. doi: 10.1126/science.1257277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Alleles ; *Circadian Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Half-Life ; Neurospora crassa/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; Signal Transduction
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Cope's rule proposes that animal lineages evolve toward larger body size over time. To test this hypothesis across all marine animals, we compiled a data set of body sizes for 17,208 genera of marine animals spanning the past 542 million years. Mean biovolume across genera has increased by a factor of 150 since the Cambrian, whereas minimum biovolume has decreased by less than a factor of 10, and maximum biovolume has increased by more than a factor of 100,000. Neutral drift from a small initial value cannot explain this pattern. Instead, most of the size increase reflects differential diversification across classes, indicating that the pattern does not reflect a simple scaling-up of widespread and persistent selection for larger size within populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heim, Noel A -- Knope, Matthew L -- Schaal, Ellen K -- Wang, Steve C -- Payne, Jonathan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):867-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1260065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. naheim@stanford.edu. ; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror the phenotypes and functions of T cells. However, in contrast to T cells, ILCs do not express acquired antigen receptors or undergo clonal selection and expansion when stimulated. Instead, ILCs react promptly to signals from infected or injured tissues and produce an array of secreted proteins termed cytokines that direct the developing immune response into one that is adapted to the original insult. The complex cross-talk between microenvironment, ILCs, and adaptive immunity remains to be fully deciphered. Only by understanding these complex regulatory networks can the power of ILCs be controlled or unleashed in order to regulate or enhance immune responses in disease prevention and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eberl, Gerard -- Colonna, Marco -- Di Santo, James P -- McKenzie, Andrew N J -- 100963/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1U01AI095542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- MC_U105178805/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01DE021255/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R21CA16719/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):aaa6566. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6566. Epub 2015 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France. gerard.eberl@pasteur.fr. ; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM U668, 75724 Paris, France. ; Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity ; Adipose Tissue/immunology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Diet ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunotherapy ; Inflammation/immunology ; Liver/embryology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Microbiota/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Following the end-Devonian mass extinction (359 million years ago), vertebrates experienced persistent reductions in body size for at least 36 million years. Global shrinkage was not related to oxygen or temperature, which suggests that ecological drivers played a key role in determining the length and direction of size trends. Small, fast-breeding ray-finned fishes, sharks, and tetrapods, most under 1 meter in length from snout to tail, radiated to dominate postextinction ecosystems and vertebrae biodiversity. The few large-bodied, slow-breeding survivors failed to diversify, facing extinction despite earlier evolutionary success. Thus, the recovery interval resembled modern ecological successions in terms of active selection on size and related life histories. Disruption of global vertebrate, and particularly fish, biotas may commonly lead to widespread, long-term reduction in body size, structuring future biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sallan, Lauren -- Galimberti, Andrew K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):812-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7373.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. lsallan@sas.upenn.edu. ; Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Extinction, Biological ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology ; Tail/anatomy & histology
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Cell division progresses to anaphase only after all chromosomes are connected to spindle microtubules through kinetochores and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is satisfied. We show that the amino-terminal localization module of the SAC protein kinase MPS1 (monopolar spindle 1) directly interacts with the HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) calponin homology domain in the NDC80 (nuclear division cycle 80) kinetochore complex in vitro, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Microtubule polymers disrupted this interaction. In cells, MPS1 binding to kinetochores or to ectopic NDC80 complexes was prevented by end-on microtubule attachment, independent of known kinetochore protein-removal mechanisms. Competition for kinetochore binding between SAC proteins and microtubules provides a direct and perhaps evolutionarily conserved way to detect a properly organized spindle ready for cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiruma, Yoshitaka -- Sacristan, Carlos -- Pachis, Spyridon T -- Adamopoulos, Athanassios -- Kuijt, Timo -- Ubbink, Marcellus -- von Castelmur, Eleonore -- Perrakis, Anastassis -- Kops, Geert J P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4055. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Human-like modes of communication, including mutual gaze, in dogs may have been acquired during domestication with humans. We show that gazing behavior from dogs, but not wolves, increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners, which consequently facilitated owners' affiliation and increased oxytocin concentration in dogs. Further, nasally administered oxytocin increased gazing behavior in dogs, which in turn increased urinary oxytocin concentrations in owners. These findings support the existence of an interspecies oxytocin-mediated positive loop facilitated and modulated by gazing, which may have supported the coevolution of human-dog bonding by engaging common modes of communicating social attachment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagasawa, Miho -- Mitsui, Shouhei -- En, Shiori -- Ohtani, Nobuyo -- Ohta, Mitsuaki -- Sakuma, Yasuo -- Onaka, Tatsushi -- Mogi, Kazutaka -- Kikusui, Takefumi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261022. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. ; University of Tokyo Health Sciences, Tama, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. ; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. kikusui@azabu-u.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bonding, Human-Pet ; *Communication ; Dogs/*psychology ; Female ; *Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Oxytocin/*physiology ; Wolves/*psychology
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):374-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5672. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK. s.e.evans@ucl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Snakes/*anatomy & histology/*classification
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):615-6. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure ; Bacteria/enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts ; Eukaryota/*classification/genetics/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondria ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*microbiology
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vermeij, Geerat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1038. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. gjvermeij@ucdavis.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/*anatomy & histology ; *Extinction, Biological ; Jaw/*anatomy & histology ; Pharynx/*anatomy & histology
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: Hawks et al. argue that our analysis of Australopithecus sediba mandibles is flawed and that specimen LD 350-1 cannot be distinguished from this, or any other, Australopithecus species. Our reexamination of the evidence confirms that LD 350-1 falls outside of the pattern that A. sediba shares with Australopithecus and thus is reasonably assigned to the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villmoare, Brian -- Kimbel, William H -- Seyoum, Chalachew -- Campisano, Christopher J -- DiMaggio, Erin -- Rowan, John -- Braun, David R -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- Reed, Kaye E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1326. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ; School of Human Evolution and Social Change and Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Our understanding of the origin of the genus Homo has been hampered by a limited fossil record in eastern Africa between 2.0 and 3.0 million years ago (Ma). Here we report the discovery of a partial hominin mandible with teeth from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, that establishes the presence of Homo at 2.80 to 2.75 Ma. This specimen combines primitive traits seen in early Australopithecus with derived morphology observed in later Homo, confirming that dentognathic departures from the australopith pattern occurred early in the Homo lineage. The Ledi-Geraru discovery has implications for hypotheses about the timing and place of origin of the genus Homo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villmoare, Brian -- Kimbel, William H -- Seyoum, Chalachew -- Campisano, Christopher J -- DiMaggio, Erin N -- Rowan, John -- Braun, David R -- Arrowsmith, J Ramon -- Reed, Kaye E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 20;347(6228):1352-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1343. Epub 2015 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ; Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. ; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25739410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Organisms are adapted to the relentless cycles of day and night, because they evolved timekeeping systems called circadian clocks, which regulate biological activities with ~24-hour rhythms. The clock of cyanobacteria is driven by a three-protein oscillator composed of KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, which together generate a circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation. We show that KaiB flips between two distinct three-dimensional folds, and its rare transition to an active state provides a time delay that is required to match the timing of the oscillator to that of Earth's rotation. Once KaiB switches folds, it binds phosphorylated KaiC and captures KaiA, which initiates a phase transition of the circadian cycle, and it regulates components of the clock-output pathway, which provides the link that joins the timekeeping and signaling functions of the oscillator.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Yong-Gang -- Cohen, Susan E -- Phong, Connie -- Myers, William K -- Kim, Yong-Ick -- Tseng, Roger -- Lin, Jenny -- Zhang, Li -- Boyd, Joseph S -- Lee, Yvonne -- Kang, Shannon -- Lee, David -- Li, Sheng -- Britt, R David -- Rust, Michael J -- Golden, Susan S -- LiWang, Andy -- AI081982/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI101436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM107521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):324-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1260031. Epub 2015 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. aliwang@ucmerced.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Synechococcus/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichten, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):913. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5404. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mlichten@helix.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Finches/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Homologous Recombination ; Meiosis/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):372-3. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Collagen/chemistry ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Humans ; Mammals ; Paleontology/*methods ; Proteomics/*methods ; Sequence Analysis, Protein/*methods ; Skull
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, Lizzie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):370-1. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.370. Epub 2015 Jul 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analytic Sample Preparation Methods ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Caves ; Cold Temperature ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mexico ; Rodentia/*genetics ; Tooth/chemistry ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):736-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. wagnerpj@si.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Fishes/*anatomy & histology
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Mammoths provide a detailed example of species origins and dispersal, but understanding has been impeded by taxonomic confusion, especially in North America. The Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi was thought to have evolved in North America from a more primitive Eurasian immigrant. The earliest American mammoths (1.5 million years ago), however, resemble the advanced Eurasian M. trogontherii that crossed the Bering land bridge around that time, giving rise directly to M. columbi. Woolly mammoth M. primigenius later evolved in Beringia and spread into Europe and North America, leading to a diversity of morphologies as it encountered endemic M. trogontherii and M. columbi, respectively. In North America, this included intermediates ("M. jeffersonii"), suggesting introgression of M. primigenius with M. columbi. The lineage illustrates the dynamic interplay of local adaptation, dispersal, and gene flow in the evolution of a widely distributed species complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lister, A M -- Sher, A V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):805-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. a.lister@nhm.ac.uk. ; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow 119071, Russia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; Fossils ; Gene Flow ; Mammoths/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; North America ; Tooth Wear/pathology
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Steffen et al. (Research Articles, 13 February 2015, p. 736) recently assessed current global freshwater use, finding it to be well below a corresponding planetary boundary. However, they ignored recent scientific advances implying that the global consumptive use of freshwater may have already crossed the associated planetary boundary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Fernando -- Destouni, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1217. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9629. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se. ; Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Miocene small-bodied anthropoid primates from Africa and Eurasia are generally considered to precede the divergence between the two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys-and are thus viewed as more primitive than the stem ape Proconsul. Here we describe Pliobates cataloniae gen. et sp. nov., a small-bodied (4 to 5 kilograms) primate from the Iberian Miocene (11.6 million years ago) that displays a mosaic of primitive characteristics coupled with multiple cranial and postcranial shared derived features of extant hominoids. Our cladistic analyses show that Pliobates is a stem hominoid that is more derived than previously described small catarrhines and Proconsul. This forces us to reevaluate the role played by small-bodied catarrhines in ape evolution and provides key insight into the last common ancestor of hylobatids (gibbons) and hominids (great apes and humans).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alba, David M -- Almecija, Sergio -- DeMiguel, Daniel -- Fortuny, Josep -- Perez de los Rios, Miriam -- Pina, Marta -- Robles, Josep M -- Moya-Sola, Salvador -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):aab2625. doi: 10.1126/science.aab2625. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. FOSSILIA Serveis Paleontologics i Geologics, Jaume I 87, 5e 1a, 08470 Sant Celoni, Barcelona, Spain. ; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats at ICP and Unitat d'Antropologia Biologica (Department de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes sense numero, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Brain/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Dentition ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Humans ; Hylobates/anatomy & histology/*classification/growth & development ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Spain
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Skinner and colleagues (Research Article, 23 January 2015, p. 395), based on metacarpal trabecular bone structure, argue that Australopithecus africanus employed human-like dexterity for stone tool making and use 3 million years ago. However, their evolutionary and biological assumptions are misinformed, failing to refute the previously existing hypothesis that human-like manipulation preceded systematized stone tool manufacture, as indicated by the fossil record.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Almecija, Sergio -- Wallace, Ian J -- Judex, Stefan -- Alba, David M -- Moya-Sola, Salvador -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1101. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. sergio.almecija@gmail.com. ; Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. ; ICREA at Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont and Unitat d'Antropologia Biologica (Departament BABVE), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-CP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Jaramillo and Destouni claim that freshwater consumption is beyond the planetary boundary, based on high estimates of water cycle components, different definitions of water consumption, and extrapolation from a single case study. The difference from our analysis, based on mainstream assessments of global water consumption, highlights the need for clearer definitions of water cycle components and improved models and databases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerten, Dieter -- Rockstrom, Johan -- Heinke, Jens -- Steffen, Will -- Richardson, Katherine -- Cornell, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1217. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0031. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Domain of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. gerten@pik-potsdam.de. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Research Domain of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: The evolution of sexual reproduction is often explained by Red Queen dynamics: Organisms must continually evolve to maintain fitness relative to interacting organisms, such as parasites. Recombination accompanies sexual reproduction and helps diversify an organism's offspring, so that parasites cannot exploit static host genotypes. Here we show that Drosophila melanogaster plastically increases the production of recombinant offspring after infection. The response is consistent across genetic backgrounds, developmental stages, and parasite types but is not induced after sterile wounding. Furthermore, the response appears to be driven by transmission distortion rather than increased recombination. Our study extends the Red Queen model to include the increased production of recombinant offspring and uncovers a remarkable ability of hosts to actively distort their recombination fraction in rapid response to environmental cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Nadia D -- Criscoe, Dallas R -- Skolfield, Shelly -- Kohl, Kathryn P -- Keebaugh, Erin S -- Schlenke, Todd A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):747-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. ndsingh@ncsu.edu schlenkt@reed.edu. ; Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA. ; Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA. ndsingh@ncsu.edu schlenkt@reed.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/*parasitology ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetic Variation ; Larva ; Male ; Mutation ; Parasitic Diseases/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):729-30. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6262.729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*growth & development ; *Fossils ; Pandalidae
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):264. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.264.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Biological Evolution ; Caves ; China ; *Fossils ; *Human Migration ; Humans ; Tooth
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Almecija and colleagues claim that we apply a simplified understanding of bone functional adaptation and that our results of human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus are not novel. We argue that our results speak to actual behavior, rather than potential behaviors, and our functional interpretation is well supported by our methodological approach, comparative sample, and previous experimental data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skinner, Matthew M -- Stephens, Nicholas B -- Tsegai, Zewdi J -- Foote, Alexandra C -- Nguyen, N Huynh -- Gross, Thomas -- Pahr, Dieter H -- Hublin, Jean-Jacques -- Kivell, Tracy L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1101. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8931.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Anthropology, University College London London, WC1H 0BW, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Department of Anthropology, University College London London, WC1H 0BW, UK. ; Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: A new Late Jurassic docodontan shows specializations for a subterranean lifestyle. It is similar to extant subterranean golden moles in having reduced digit segments as compared to the ancestral phalangeal pattern of mammaliaforms and extant mammals. The reduction of digit segments can occur in mammals by fusion of the proximal and intermediate phalangeal precursors, a developmental process for which a gene and signaling network have been characterized in mouse and human. Docodontans show a positional shift of thoracolumbar ribs, a developmental variation that is controlled by Hox9 and Myf5 genes in extant mammals. We argue that these morphogenetic mechanisms of modern mammals were operating before the rise of modern mammals, driving the morphological disparity in the earliest mammaliaform diversification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Meng, Qing-Jin -- Ji, Qiang -- Liu, Di -- Zhang, Yu-Guang -- Neander, April I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1260880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. zxluo@uchicago.edu mengqingjin@bmnh.org.cn. ; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. ; Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; China ; Finger Phalanges/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Foot/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*growth & development ; Mice ; Morphogenesis/genetics/*physiology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5/genetics/physiology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: The distinctly human ability for forceful precision and power "squeeze" gripping is linked to two key evolutionary transitions in hand use: a reduction in arboreal climbing and the manufacture and use of tools. However, it is unclear when these locomotory and manipulative transitions occurred. Here we show that Australopithecus africanus (~3 to 2 million years ago) and several Pleistocene hominins, traditionally considered not to have engaged in habitual tool manufacture, have a human-like trabecular bone pattern in the metacarpals consistent with forceful opposition of the thumb and fingers typically adopted during tool use. These results support archaeological evidence for stone tool use in australopiths and provide morphological evidence that Pliocene hominins achieved human-like hand postures much earlier and more frequently than previously considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skinner, Matthew M -- Stephens, Nicholas B -- Tsegai, Zewdi J -- Foote, Alexandra C -- Nguyen, N Huynh -- Gross, Thomas -- Pahr, Dieter H -- Hublin, Jean-Jacques -- Kivell, Tracy L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):395-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1261735.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. ; Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. ; Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig Germany. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. m.skinner@kent.ac.uk t.l.kivell@kent.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Metacarpus/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neanderthals/anatomy & histology ; Posture ; Thumb/*anatomy & histology/physiology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):362-6. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6246.362.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Asia/ethnology ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Russia/ethnology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skull
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):21-3. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6243.21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; DNA/genetics ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Organ Size/genetics ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology/embryology/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):847. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6237.847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Humans ; *Mandible ; Neanderthals/*genetics
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1056-7. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6226.1056-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Jaw/anatomy & histology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1149-50. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6253.1149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Caves ; *Fossils ; Humans ; South Africa ; Species Specificity
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLean, Evan L -- Hare, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1200. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke Canine Cognition Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ; Duke Canine Cognition Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. b.hare@duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bonding, Human-Pet ; *Communication ; Dogs/*psychology ; Female ; *Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Oxytocin/*physiology ; Wolves/*psychology
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):744. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6236.744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology/embryology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/*genetics ; Fossils ; Hedgehog Proteins/*genetics
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):220-1. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6219.220.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropods/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Crustacea/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism ; *Insects/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Respiration
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: The centrosome organizes microtubule arrays within animal cells and comprises two centrioles surrounded by an amorphous protein mass called the pericentriolar material (PCM). Despite the importance of centrosomes as microtubule-organizing centers, the mechanism and regulation of PCM assembly are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PCM assembly requires the coiled-coil protein SPD-5. We found that recombinant SPD-5 could polymerize to form micrometer-sized porous networks in vitro. Network assembly was accelerated by two conserved regulators that control PCM assembly in vivo, Polo-like kinase-1 and SPD-2/Cep192. Only the assembled SPD-5 networks, and not unassembled SPD-5 protein, functioned as a scaffold for other PCM proteins. Thus, PCM size and binding capacity emerge from the regulated polymerization of one coiled-coil protein to form a porous network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, Jeffrey B -- Wueseke, Oliver -- Viscardi, Valeria -- Mahamid, Julia -- Ochoa, Stacy D -- Bunkenborg, Jakob -- Widlund, Per O -- Pozniakovsky, Andrei -- Zanin, Esther -- Bahmanyar, Shirin -- Zinke, Andrea -- Hong, Sun Hae -- Decker, Marcus -- Baumeister, Wolfgang -- Andersen, Jens S -- Oegema, Karen -- Hyman, Anthony A -- R01-GM074207/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):808-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3923.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. hyman@mpi-cbg.de koegema@ucsd.edu. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. hyman@mpi-cbg.de koegema@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Centrosome/*metabolism/ultrasonography ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perkins, Sid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1431. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6255.1431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dental Enamel ; *Fishes ; Fossils ; Hardness ; *Tooth
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2015-07-25
    Description: Snakes are a remarkably diverse and successful group today, but their evolutionary origins are obscure. The discovery of snakes with two legs has shed light on the transition from lizards to snakes, but no snake has been described with four limbs, and the ecology of early snakes is poorly known. We describe a four-limbed snake from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Crato Formation of Brazil. The snake has a serpentiform body plan with an elongate trunk, short tail, and large ventral scales suggesting characteristic serpentine locomotion, yet retains small prehensile limbs. Skull and body proportions as well as reduced neural spines indicate fossorial adaptation, suggesting that snakes evolved from burrowing rather than marine ancestors. Hooked teeth, an intramandibular joint, a flexible spine capable of constricting prey, and the presence of vertebrate remains in the guts indicate that this species preyed on vertebrates and that snakes made the transition to carnivory early in their history. The structure of the limbs suggests that they were adapted for grasping, either to seize prey or as claspers during mating. Together with a diverse fauna of basal snakes from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, and India, this snake suggests that crown Serpentes originated in Gondwana.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martill, David M -- Tischlinger, Helmut -- Longrich, Nicholas R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):416-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK. ; Tannenweg 16, 85134 Stammham, Germany. ; Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brazil ; Extinction, Biological ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology ; Fossils ; India ; Lizards/*anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Snakes/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; South America ; Spine/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: Obligate parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae germinate after sensing plant hormones, strigolactones, exuded from host roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the alpha/beta-hydrolase D14 acts as a strigolactone receptor that controls shoot branching, whereas its ancestral paralog, KAI2, mediates karrikin-specific germination responses. We observed that KAI2, but not D14, is present at higher copy numbers in parasitic species than in nonparasitic relatives. KAI2 paralogs in parasites are distributed into three phylogenetic clades. The fastest-evolving clade, KAI2d, contains the majority of KAI2 paralogs. Homology models predict that the ligand-binding pockets of KAI2d resemble D14. KAI2d transgenes confer strigolactone-specific germination responses to Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, the KAI2 paralogs D14 and KAI2d underwent convergent evolution of strigolactone recognition, respectively enabling developmental responses to strigolactones in angiosperms and host detection in parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conn, Caitlin E -- Bythell-Douglas, Rohan -- Neumann, Drexel -- Yoshida, Satoko -- Whittington, Bryan -- Westwood, James H -- Shirasu, Ken -- Bond, Charles S -- Dyer, Kelly A -- Nelson, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*metabolism/*parasitology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; Gene Dosage ; Germination ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/*metabolism ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hydrolases/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Orobanchaceae/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Phylogeny ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism/parasitology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/metabolism
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kay, Richard F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1068-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Anthropology and Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. richard.kay@duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; *Platyrrhini/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system. Here, we revise and update the planetary boundary framework, with a focus on the underpinning biophysical science, based on targeted input from expert research communities and on more general scientific advances over the past 5 years. Several of the boundaries now have a two-tier approach, reflecting the importance of cross-scale interactions and the regional-level heterogeneity of the processes that underpin the boundaries. Two core boundaries-climate change and biosphere integrity-have been identified, each of which has the potential on its own to drive the Earth system into a new state should they be substantially and persistently transgressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steffen, Will -- Richardson, Katherine -- Rockstrom, Johan -- Cornell, Sarah E -- Fetzer, Ingo -- Bennett, Elena M -- Biggs, Reinette -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- de Vries, Wim -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Folke, Carl -- Gerten, Dieter -- Heinke, Jens -- Mace, Georgina M -- Persson, Linn M -- Ramanathan, Veerabhadran -- Reyers, Belinda -- Sorlin, Sverker -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):1259855. doi: 10.1126/science.1259855. Epub 2015 Jan 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. will.steffen@anu.edu.au. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Centre for Studies in Complexity, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. ; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison WI 53706 USA. ; Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, Netherlands. Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. ; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. ; Research Domain Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A62, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya. CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia. ; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research (CBER), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnegatan 87D, SE-10451 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Delhi 110070, India. ; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa. ; Division of History of Science, Technology and Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Earth (Planet) ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; *Ozone Depletion
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Many top consumers in today's oceans are marine tetrapods, a collection of lineages independently derived from terrestrial ancestors. The fossil record illuminates their transitions from land to sea, yet these initial invasions account for a small proportion of their evolutionary history. We review the history of marine invasions that drove major changes in anatomy, physiology, and ecology over more than 250 million years. Many innovations evolved convergently in multiple clades, whereas others are unique to individual lineages. The evolutionary arcs of these ecologically important clades are framed against the backdrop of mass extinctions and regime shifts in ocean ecosystems. Past and present human disruptions to marine tetrapods, with cascading impacts on marine ecosystems, underscore the need to link macroecology with evolutionary change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelley, Neil P -- Pyenson, Nicholas D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):aaa3716. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA. kelleynp@si.edu. ; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. Departments of Mammalogy and Paleontology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*classification ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; *Introduced Species ; Oceans and Seas ; Vertebrates/*classification
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Prufer and Meyer raise concerns over the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) results we reported for the Hoyo Negro individual, citing failure of a portion of these data to conform to their expectations of ancient DNA (aDNA). Because damage patterns in aDNA vary, outright rejection of our findings on this basis is unwarranted, especially in light of our other observations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kemp, Brian M -- Lindo, John -- Bolnick, Deborah A -- Malhi, Ripan S -- Chatters, James C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1261188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. paleosci@gmail.com bmkemp@wsu.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Anthropology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ; Applied Paleoscience and DirectAMS, 10322 Northeast 190th Street, Bothell, WA 98011, USA. paleosci@gmail.com bmkemp@wsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):617. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6235.617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; China ; Feathers/*physiology ; *Flight, Animal ; Fossils
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):914. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6251.914.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes, Chloroplast ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Plant ; Orchidaceae/classification/*genetics/physiology ; *Phylogeny ; Pollination
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiers, E Toby -- West, Stuart A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):392-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. toby.kiers@vu.nl. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Insects/microbiology ; Platyhelminths ; Symbiosis/*physiology
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Chatters et al. (Reports, 16 May 2014, p. 750) reported the retrieval of DNA sequences from a 12,000- to 13,000-year-old human tooth discovered in an underwater cave in Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. They propose that this ancient human individual's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) belongs to haplogroup D1. However, our analysis of postmortem damage patterns finds no evidence for an ancient origin of these sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prufer, Kay -- Meyer, Matthias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1260617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. pruefer@eva.mpg.de mmeyer@eva.mpg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Description: Evolutionary innovations, traits that give species access to previously unoccupied niches, may promote speciation and adaptive radiation. Here, we show that such innovations can also result in competitive inferiority and extinction. We present evidence that the modified pharyngeal jaws of cichlid fishes and several marine fish lineages, a classic example of evolutionary innovation, are not universally beneficial. A large-scale analysis of dietary evolution across marine fish lineages reveals that the innovation compromises access to energy-rich predator niches. We show that this competitive inferiority shaped the adaptive radiation of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika and played a pivotal and previously unrecognized role in the mass extinction of cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria after Nile perch invasion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGee, Matthew D -- Borstein, Samuel R -- Neches, Russell Y -- Buescher, Heinz H -- Seehausen, Ole -- Wainwright, Peter C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1077-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab0800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. mcgee.matthew@gmail.com. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. ; Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Zoological Institute, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. ; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26612951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cichlids/*anatomy & histology ; Eating ; *Extinction, Biological ; Jaw/*anatomy & histology ; Lakes ; Malawi ; Pharynx/*anatomy & histology ; Tanzania
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Alternative splicing (AS) generates extensive transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, the functions of species- and lineage-specific splice variants are largely unknown. Here we show that mammalian-specific skipping of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) exon 9 alters the splicing regulatory activities of PTBP1 and affects the inclusion levels of numerous exons. During neurogenesis, skipping of exon 9 reduces PTBP1 repressive activity so as to facilitate activation of a brain-specific AS program. Engineered skipping of the orthologous exon in chicken cells induces a large number of mammalian-like AS changes in PTBP1 target exons. These results thus reveal that a single exon-skipping event in an RNA binding regulator directs numerous AS changes between species. Our results further suggest that these changes contributed to evolutionary differences in the formation of vertebrate nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gueroussov, Serge -- Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis, Thomas -- Irimia, Manuel -- Raj, Bushra -- Lin, Zhen-Yuan -- Gingras, Anne-Claude -- Blencowe, Benjamin J -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):868-73. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8381.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. b.blencowe@utoronto.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*embryology ; Chickens ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Exons/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein/*genetics
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early elongation is a critical step in transcriptional regulation in metazoan cells. Paused Pol II release is thought to require the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) for the phosphorylation of DRB sensitivity-inducing factor, negative elongation factor, and C-terminal domain (CTD) serine-2 of Pol II. We found that Pol II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) is a critical regulator of paused Pol II release, that positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) directly regulates the initial recruitment of PAF1 complex (PAF1C) to genes, and that the subsequent recruitment of CDK12 is dependent on PAF1C. These findings reveal cooperativity among P-TEFb, PAF1C, and CDK12 in pausing release and Pol II CTD phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Ming -- Yang, Wenjing -- Ni, Ting -- Tang, Zhanyun -- Nakadai, Tomoyoshi -- Zhu, Jun -- Roeder, Robert G -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1383-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China. ; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. roeder@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Elongation, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benefit, Brenda R -- McCrossin, Monte L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 30;350(6260):515-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. bbenefit@nmsu.edu. ; Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Hominidae/*classification ; Humans ; Hylobates/*classification
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zehr, Jonathan P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 11;349(6253):1163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zehrj@ucsc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria/*physiology ; Diatoms/physiology ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Organelles/*physiology ; *Symbiosis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matzke, Nicholas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):28-30. doi: 10.1126/science.aad4057. Epub 2015 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Work began at: National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. nick.matzke@anu.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26678877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Natural History/*education ; *Origin of Life ; Phylogeny ; Public Policy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 73
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: Metaphase chromosomes are visible hallmarks of mitosis, yet our understanding of their structure and of the forces shaping them is rudimentary. Phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 (H3 S10) by Aurora B kinase is a signature event of mitosis, but its function in chromatin condensation is unclear. Using genetically encoded ultraviolet light-inducible cross-linkers, we monitored protein-protein interactions with spatiotemporal resolution in living yeast to identify the molecular details of the pathway downstream of H3 S10 phosphorylation. This modification leads to the recruitment of the histone deacetylase Hst2p that subsequently removes an acetyl group from histone H4 lysine 16, freeing the H4 tail to interact with the surface of neighboring nucleosomes and promoting fiber condensation. This cascade of events provides a condensin-independent driving force of chromatin hypercondensation during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkins, Bryan J -- Rall, Nils A -- Ostwal, Yogesh -- Kruitwagen, Tom -- Hiragami-Hamada, Kyoko -- Winkler, Marco -- Barral, Yves -- Fischle, Wolfgang -- Neumann, Heinz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1244508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Free Floater (Junior) Research Group "Applied Synthetic Biology," Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Gottingen, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry/radiation effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Serine/*metabolism ; Sirtuin 2/metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) supplies the balanced pools of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for DNA replication and maintenance of genomic integrity. RNR is subject to allosteric regulatory mechanisms in all eukaryotes, as well as to control by small protein inhibitors Sml1p and Spd1p in budding and fission yeast, respectively. Here, we show that the metazoan protein IRBIT forms a deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP)-dependent complex with RNR, which stabilizes dATP in the activity site of RNR and thus inhibits the enzyme. Formation of the RNR-IRBIT complex is regulated through phosphorylation of IRBIT, and ablation of IRBIT expression in HeLa cells causes imbalanced dNTP pools and altered cell cycle progression. We demonstrate a mechanism for RNR regulation in higher eukaryotes that acts by enhancing allosteric RNR inhibition by dATP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnaoutov, Alexei -- Dasso, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1512-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. arnaouta@mail.nih.gov. ; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Lingham-Soliar questions our interpretation of integumentary structures in the Middle-Late Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Kulindadromeus as feather-like appendages and alternatively proposes that the compound structures observed around the humerus and femur of Kulindadromeus are support fibers associated with badly degraded scales. We consider this hypothesis highly unlikely because of the taphonomy and morphology of the preserved structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godefroit, Pascal -- Sinitsa, Sofia M -- Dhouailly, Danielle -- Bolotsky, Yuri L -- Sizov, Alexander V -- McNamara, Maria E -- Benton, Michael J -- Spagna, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):434. doi: 10.1126/science.1260146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. pascal.godefroit@naturalsciences.be. ; Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology, 26 Butin Street, 672 014 Chita, Russia. ; UJF-CNRS FRE 3405, AGIM, Universite Joseph Fourier, Site Sante, 38 706 La Tronche, France. ; Institute of Geology and Nature Management, FEB RAS, 1 Relochny Street 675 000, Blagoveschensk, Russia. ; Institute of the Earth Crust, SB RAS, 128 Lermontov Street, 664 033 Irkutsk, Russia. ; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. ; Directorate, Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Epidermis/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology
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  • 78
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, William F -- Sousa, Filipa L -- Lane, Nick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1092-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1251653.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Universitatsstrasse 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. bill@hhu.de. ; Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Universitatsstrasse 1, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. ; Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/*metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Energy Metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Methanobacterium/*metabolism ; *Origin of Life
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koschowitz, Marie-Claire -- Fischer, Christian -- Sander, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):416-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Paleontology, Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Morphology, Systematics and Evolutionary Biology with Zoological Museum, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany. m.koschowitz@uni-bonn.de. ; Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Morphology, Systematics and Evolutionary Biology with Zoological Museum, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Berliner Strasse 28, 37073 Goettingen, Germany. ; Division of Paleontology, Steinmann Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Paleontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; *Color Vision ; Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Galliformes/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Phylogeny
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennett, Douglas J -- Asmerom, Yemane -- Kemp, Brian M -- Polyak, Victor -- Bolnick, Deborah A -- Malhi, Ripan S -- Culleton, Brendan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):390. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6195.390-a. Epub 2014 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. djk23@psu.edu. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. ; Department of Anthropology and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. ; Department of Anthropology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA. ; Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*genetics ; *Skeleton
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayr, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 19;346(6216):1466. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6216.1466-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Ornithological Section, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. gerald.mayr@senckenberg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color Vision ; Dinosaurs/*physiology ; Feathers/*physiology ; Galliformes/*physiology
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Sex-specific chromosomes, like the W of most female birds and the Y of male mammals, usually have lost most genes owing to a lack of recombination. We analyze newly available genomes of 17 bird species representing the avian phylogenetic range, and find that more than half of them do not have as fully degenerated W chromosomes as that of chicken. We show that avian sex chromosomes harbor tremendous diversity among species in their composition of pseudoautosomal regions and degree of Z/W differentiation. Punctuated events of shared or lineage-specific recombination suppression have produced a gradient of "evolutionary strata" along the Z chromosome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosomal region. W-linked genes are subject to ongoing functional decay after recombination was suppressed, and the tempo of degeneration slows down in older strata. Overall, we unveil a complex history of avian sex chromosome evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Qi -- Zhang, Jilin -- Bachtrog, Doris -- An, Na -- Huang, Quanfei -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Zhang, Guojie -- GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1246338. doi: 10.1126/science.1246338. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Struthioniformes/genetics ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coley, Phyllis D -- Kursar, Thomas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):35-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1248110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA, and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; French Guiana ; *Herbivory ; Mexico ; Panama ; Plant Leaves ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gramling, Carolyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):537. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Biological Evolution ; Oxygen/*analysis
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Godefroit et al. (Reports, 25 July 2014, p. 451) reported scales and feathers, including "basal plates," in an ornithischian dinosaur. Their arguments against the filaments being collagen fibers are not supported because of a fundamental misinterpretation of such structures and underestimation of their size. The parsimonious explanation is that the filaments are support fibers in association with badly degraded scales and that they do not represent early feather stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lingham-Soliar, Theagarten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):434. doi: 10.1126/science.1259983.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Epidermis/*anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: The prevention of fertilization through self-pollination (or pollination by a close relative) in the Brassicaceae plant family is determined by the genotype of the plant at the self-incompatibility locus (S locus). The many alleles at this locus exhibit a dominance hierarchy that determines which of the two allelic specificities of a heterozygous genotype is expressed at the phenotypic level. Here, we uncover the evolution of how at least 17 small RNA (sRNA)-producing loci and their multiple target sites collectively control the dominance hierarchy among alleles within the gene controlling the pollen S-locus phenotype in a self-incompatible Arabidopsis species. Selection has created a dynamic repertoire of sRNA-target interactions by jointly acting on sRNA genes and their target sites, which has resulted in a complex system of regulation among alleles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durand, Eleonore -- Meheust, Raphael -- Soucaze, Marion -- Goubet, Pauline M -- Gallina, Sophie -- Poux, Celine -- Fobis-Loisy, Isabelle -- Guillon, Eline -- Gaude, Thierry -- Sarazin, Alexis -- Figeac, Martin -- Prat, Elisa -- Marande, William -- Berges, Helene -- Vekemans, Xavier -- Billiard, Sylvain -- Castric, Vincent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1200-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1259442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Genetique et Evolution des Populations Vegetales, CNRS UMR 8198, Universite Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. ; Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, Institut Federatif de Recherche 128, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France. ; Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; UDSL Universite Lille 2 Droit et Sante, and Plate-forme de genomique fonctionnelle et structurale IFR-114, F-59000 Lille, France. ; Centre National des Ressources Genomiques Vegetales, INRA UPR 1258, Castanet-Tolosan, France. ; Laboratoire Genetique et Evolution des Populations Vegetales, CNRS UMR 8198, Universite Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. vincent.castric@univ-lille1.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Loci ; Models, Molecular ; Phylogeny ; Pollination ; RNA, Small Untranslated/classification/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: After light-induced nuclear translocation, phytochrome photoreceptors interact with and induce rapid phosphorylation and degradation of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, such as PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), to regulate gene expression. Concomitantly, this interaction triggers feedback reduction of phytochrome B (phyB) levels. Light-induced phosphorylation of PIF3 is necessary for the degradation of both proteins. We report that this PIF3 phosphorylation induces, and is necessary for, recruitment of LRB [Light-Response Bric-a-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad (BTB)] E3 ubiquitin ligases to the PIF3-phyB complex. The recruited LRBs promote concurrent polyubiqutination and degradation of both PIF3 and phyB in vivo. These data reveal a linked signal-transmission and attenuation mechanism involving mutually assured destruction of the receptor and its immediate signaling partner.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414656/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414656/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ni, Weimin -- Xu, Shou-Ling -- Tepperman, James M -- Stanley, David J -- Maltby, Dave A -- Gross, John D -- Burlingame, Alma L -- Wang, Zhi-Yong -- Quail, Peter H -- 2R01 GM-047475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 8P41GM103481/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103481/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM082250/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM047475/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008284/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1160-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250778.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, CA 94710, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, CA 94710, USA. quail@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cullin Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Light Signal Transduction ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phytochrome B/*metabolism ; Polyubiquitin/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; *Ubiquitination
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: A major evolutionary transition to eusociality with reproductive division of labor between queens and workers has arisen independently at least 10 times in the ants, bees, and wasps. Pheromones produced by queens are thought to play a key role in regulating this complex social system, but their evolutionary history remains unknown. Here, we identify the first sterility-inducing queen pheromones in a wasp, bumblebee, and desert ant and synthesize existing data on compounds that characterize female fecundity in 64 species of social insects. Our results show that queen pheromones are strikingly conserved across at least three independent origins of eusociality, with wasps, ants, and some bees all appearing to use nonvolatile, saturated hydrocarbons to advertise fecundity and/or suppress worker reproduction. These results suggest that queen pheromones evolved from conserved signals of solitary ancestors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Oystaeyen, Annette -- Oliveira, Ricardo Caliari -- Holman, Luke -- van Zweden, Jelle S -- Romero, Carmen -- Oi, Cintia A -- d'Ettorre, Patrizia -- Khalesi, Mohammadreza -- Billen, Johan -- Wackers, Felix -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Wenseleers, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):287-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1244899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Biological Assay ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/classification/pharmacology/*physiology ; Reproduction/drug effects/physiology ; Wasps/*physiology
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libby, Eric -- Ratcliff, William C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):426-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1262053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. elibby@santafe.edu. ; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; *Biological Evolution ; Cells/*cytology ; Life Cycle Stages
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: Recent discoveries have highlighted the dramatic evolutionary transformation of massive, ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs into light, volant birds. Here, we apply Bayesian approaches (originally developed for inferring geographic spread and rates of molecular evolution in viruses) in a different context: to infer size changes and rates of anatomical innovation (across up to 1549 skeletal characters) in fossils. These approaches identify two drivers underlying the dinosaur-bird transition. The theropod lineage directly ancestral to birds undergoes sustained miniaturization across 50 million years and at least 12 consecutive branches (internodes) and evolves skeletal adaptations four times faster than other dinosaurs. The distinct, prolonged phase of miniaturization along the bird stem would have facilitated the evolution of many novelties associated with small body size, such as reorientation of body mass, increased aerial ability, and paedomorphic skulls with reduced snouts but enlarged eyes and brains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Michael S Y -- Cau, Andrea -- Naish, Darren -- Dyke, Gareth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 1;345(6196):562-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1252243.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide 5005, Australia. mike.lee@samuseum.sa.gov.au. ; Museo Geologico e Paleontologico "Giovanni Capellini," Via Zamboni 63, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy. ; Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. ; Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK. MTA-DE Lendulet Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology ; *Body Size ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Parenting behaviors, such as the provisioning of food by parents to offspring, are known to be highly responsive to changes in environment. However, we currently know little about how such flexibility affects the ways in which parenting is adapted and evolves in response to environmental variation. This is because few studies quantify how individuals vary in their response to changing environments, especially social environments created by other individuals with which parents interact. Social environmental factors differ from nonsocial factors, such as food availability, because parents and offspring both contribute and respond to the social environment they experience. This interdependence leads to the coevolution of flexible behaviors involved in parenting, which could, paradoxically, constrain the ability of individuals to rapidly adapt to changes in their nonsocial environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Royle, Nick J -- Russell, Andrew F -- Wilson, Alastair J -- BB/G022976/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):776-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1253294. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK. n.j.royle@exeter.ac.uk. ; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Maternal Behavior ; *Parenting ; *Paternal Behavior ; Social Environment
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Biological oscillations are observed at many levels of cellular organization. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, starvation-triggered multicellular development is organized by periodic cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) waves, which provide both chemoattractant gradients and developmental signals. We report that GtaC, a GATA transcription factor, exhibits rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in response to cAMP waves. This behavior requires coordinated action of a nuclear localization signal and reversible G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Although both are required for developmental gene expression, receptor occupancy promotes nuclear exit of GtaC, which leads to a transient burst of transcription at each cAMP cycle. We demonstrate that this biological circuit filters out high-frequency signals and counts those admitted, thereby enabling cells to modulate gene expression according to the dynamic pattern of the external stimuli.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cai, Huaqing -- Katoh-Kurasawa, Mariko -- Muramoto, Tetsuya -- Santhanam, Balaji -- Long, Yu -- Li, Lei -- Ueda, Masahiro -- Iglesias, Pablo A -- Shaulsky, Gad -- Devreotes, Peter N -- GM 28007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 34933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 039691/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD039691/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM028007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034933/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM028007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1249531. doi: 10.1126/science.1249531.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Dictyostelium/growth & development/*metabolism ; GATA Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Phosphorylation ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: Primordial germ cell (PGC) specification occurs either by induction from pluripotent cells (epigenesis) or by a cell-autonomous mechanism mediated by germ plasm (preformation). Among vertebrates, epigenesis is basal, whereas germ plasm has evolved convergently across lineages and is associated with greater speciation. We compared protein-coding sequences of vertebrate species that employ preformation with their sister taxa that use epigenesis and demonstrate that genes evolve more rapidly in species containing germ plasm. Furthermore, differences in rates of evolution appear to cause phylogenetic incongruence in protein-coding sequence comparisons between vertebrate taxa. Our results support the hypothesis that germ plasm liberates constraints on somatic development and that enhanced evolvability drives the evolution of germ plasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, Teri -- Wade, Christopher M -- Chapman, Frank A -- Johnson, Andrew D -- Loose, Matthew -- G1100025/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):200-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1249325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cytoplasm/*physiology ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Phylogeny ; Vertebrates/*classification/*genetics
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patek, S N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1448-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1256617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. snp2@duke.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biomimetic Materials ; *Biomimetics ; *Lizards ; *Skin
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: Integration of evidence over the past decade has revised understandings about the major adaptations underlying the origin and early evolution of the genus Homo. Many features associated with Homo sapiens, including our large linear bodies, elongated hind limbs, large energy-expensive brains, reduced sexual dimorphism, increased carnivory, and unique life history traits, were once thought to have evolved near the origin of the genus in response to heightened aridity and open habitats in Africa. However, recent analyses of fossil, archaeological, and environmental data indicate that such traits did not arise as a single package. Instead, some arose substantially earlier and some later than previously thought. From ~2.5 to 1.5 million years ago, three lineages of early Homo evolved in a context of habitat instability and fragmentation on seasonal, intergenerational, and evolutionary time scales. These contexts gave a selective advantage to traits, such as dietary flexibility and larger body size, that facilitated survival in shifting environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anton, Susan C -- Potts, Richard -- Aiello, Leslie C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):1236828. doi: 10.1126/science.1236828.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, Rufus D. Smith Hall, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA. E-mail: susan.anton@nyu.edu. ; Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. E-mail: pottsr@si.edu. ; Wenner-Gren Foundation, 470 Park Avenue South, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail: laiello@wennergren.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Brain/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Climate Change ; Cognition ; Diet ; Ecology ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Humans ; Organ Size ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: Despite our understanding of actomyosin function in individual migrating cells, we know little about the mechanisms by which actomyosin drives collective cell movement in vertebrate embryos. The collective movements of convergent extension drive both global reorganization of the early embryo and local remodeling during organogenesis. We report here that planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins control convergent extension by exploiting an evolutionarily ancient function of the septin cytoskeleton. By directing septin-mediated compartmentalization of cortical actomyosin, PCP proteins coordinate the specific shortening of mesenchymal cell-cell contacts, which in turn powers cell interdigitation. These data illuminate the interface between developmental signaling systems and the fundamental machinery of cell behavior and should provide insights into the etiology of human birth defects, such as spina bifida and congenital kidney cysts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167615/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167615/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindo, Asako -- Wallingford, John B -- R01 GM074104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):649-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1243126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actomyosin/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Movement ; *Cell Polarity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gastrula/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Mesoderm/cytology/metabolism ; Organogenesis ; Phosphorylation ; Septins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: The oxygenation of Earth's surface fundamentally altered global biogeochemical cycles and ultimately paved the way for the rise of metazoans at the end of the Proterozoic. However, current estimates for atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels during the billion years leading up to this time vary widely. On the basis of chromium (Cr) isotope data from a suite of Proterozoic sediments from China, Australia, and North America, interpreted in the context of data from similar depositional environments from Phanerozoic time, we find evidence for inhibited oxidation of Cr at Earth's surface in the mid-Proterozoic (1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago). These data suggest that atmospheric O2 levels were at most 0.1% of present atmospheric levels. Direct evidence for such low O2 concentrations in the Proterozoic helps explain the late emergence and diversification of metazoans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Planavsky, Noah J -- Reinhard, Christopher T -- Wang, Xiangli -- Thomson, Danielle -- McGoldrick, Peter -- Rainbird, Robert H -- Johnson, Thomas -- Fischer, Woodward W -- Lyons, Timothy W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):635-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1258410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, CT, USA. noah.planavsky@yale.edu chris.reinhard@eas.gatech.edu. ; School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA. noah.planavsky@yale.edu chris.reinhard@eas.gatech.edu. ; Department Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, CT, USA. Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA. ; Department of Earth Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. ; Centre for Ore Deposit and Exploration Science, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia. ; Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. ; Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA. ; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromium Isotopes/chemistry ; Earth (Planet) ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Paleontology
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):532-3. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Cells/*microbiology/*ultrastructure ; *Chloroplasts ; Hemiptera/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; *Mitochondria ; Plants/microbiology/ultrastructure ; *Symbiosis
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 8;345(6197):611-3. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6197.611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Gene Flow ; Genome, Insect ; *Genomic Islands ; Plants/genetics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 8;345(6197):609-10. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6197.609.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bees ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; *Cognition ; Reproduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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