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  • Binding Sites
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (218)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2005-2009  (218)
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  • 1
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    Local DNA topography correlates with functional noncoding regions of the human genome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: The three-dimensional molecular structure of DNA, specifically the shape of the backbone and grooves of genomic DNA, can be dramatically affected by nucleotide changes, which can cause differences in protein-binding affinity and phenotype. We developed an algorithm to measure constraint on the basis of similarity of DNA topography among multiple species, using hydroxyl radical cleavage patterns to interrogate the solvent-accessible surface area of DNA. This algorithm found that 12% of bases in the human genome are evolutionarily constrained-double the number detected by nucleotide sequence-based algorithms. Topography-informed constrained regions correlated with functional noncoding elements, including enhancers, better than did regions identified solely on the basis of nucleotide sequence. These results support the idea that the molecular shape of DNA is under selection and can identify evolutionary history.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, Stephen C J -- Hansen, Loren -- Abaan, Hatice Ozel -- Tullius, Thomas D -- Margulies, Elliott H -- R01 HG003541/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003541-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):389-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1169050. Epub 2009 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A crystal structure of the bifunctional antibiotic simocyclinone D8, bound to DNA gyrase (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Simocyclinones are bifunctional antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase by preventing DNA binding to the enzyme. We report the crystal structure of the complex formed between the N-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli gyrase A subunit and simocyclinone D8, revealing two binding pockets that separately accommodate the aminocoumarin and polyketide moieties of the antibiotic. These are close to, but distinct from, the quinolone-binding site, consistent with our observations that several mutations in this region confer resistance to both agents. Biochemical studies show that the individual moieties of simocyclinone D8 are comparatively weak inhibitors of gyrase relative to the parent compound, but their combination generates a more potent inhibitor. Our results should facilitate the design of drug molecules that target these unexploited binding pockets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, Marcus J -- Flatman, Ruth H -- Mitchenall, Lesley A -- Stevenson, Clare E M -- Le, Tung B K -- Clarke, Thomas A -- McKay, Adam R -- Fiedler, Hans-Peter -- Buttner, Mark J -- Lawson, David M -- Maxwell, Anthony -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1415-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1179123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Coumarins/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Gyrase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics ; Glycosides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure of rotavirus outer-layer protein VP7 bound with a neutralizing Fab (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: Rotavirus outer-layer protein VP7 is a principal target of protective antibodies. Removal of free calcium ions (Ca2+) dissociates VP7 trimers into monomers, releasing VP7 from the virion, and initiates penetration-inducing conformational changes in the other outer-layer protein, VP4. We report the crystal structure at 3.4 angstrom resolution of VP7 bound with the Fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The Fab binds across the outer surface of the intersubunit contact, which contains two Ca2+ sites. Mutations that escape neutralization by other antibodies suggest that the same region bears the epitopes of most neutralizing antibodies. The monovalent Fab is sufficient to neutralize infectivity. We propose that neutralizing antibodies against VP7 act by stabilizing the trimer, thereby inhibiting the uncoating trigger for VP4 rearrangement. A disulfide-linked trimer is a potential subunit immunogen.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995306/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995306/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aoki, Scott T -- Settembre, Ethan C -- Trask, Shane D -- Greenberg, Harry B -- Harrison, Stephen C -- Dormitzer, Philip R -- AI-21362/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-13202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK-56339/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA013202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA013202-38/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1444-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1170481.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Antibodies, Viral/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Calcium/metabolism ; Capsid Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Rotavirus/*chemistry/immunology ; Serotyping
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Structure of P-glycoprotein reveals a molecular basis for poly-specific drug binding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) detoxifies cells by exporting hundreds of chemically unrelated toxins but has been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) in the treatment of cancers. Substrate promiscuity is a hallmark of P-gp activity, thus a structural description of poly-specific drug-binding is important for the rational design of anticancer drugs and MDR inhibitors. The x-ray structure of apo P-gp at 3.8 angstroms reveals an internal cavity of approximately 6000 angstroms cubed with a 30 angstrom separation of the two nucleotide-binding domains. Two additional P-gp structures with cyclic peptide inhibitors demonstrate distinct drug-binding sites in the internal cavity capable of stereoselectivity that is based on hydrophobic and aromatic interactions. Apo and drug-bound P-gp structures have portals open to the cytoplasm and the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer for drug entry. The inward-facing conformation represents an initial stage of the transport cycle that is competent for drug binding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720052/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720052/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aller, Stephen G -- Yu, Jodie -- Ward, Andrew -- Weng, Yue -- Chittaboina, Srinivas -- Zhuo, Rupeng -- Harrell, Patina M -- Trinh, Yenphuong T -- Zhang, Qinghai -- Urbatsch, Ina L -- Chang, Geoffrey -- F32 GM078914/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM078914-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM078914/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61905/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197-050002/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061905/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061905-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1718-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1168750.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, CB105, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; P-Glycoprotein/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Stereoisomerism ; Verapamil/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Genes are not simply turned on or off, but instead their expression is fine-tuned to meet the needs of a cell. How genes are modulated so precisely is not well understood. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates target genes by associating with specific DNA binding sites, the sequences of which differ between genes. Traditionally, these binding sites have been viewed only as docking sites. Using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays, we show that GR binding sequences, differing by as little as a single base pair, differentially affect GR conformation and regulatory activity. We therefore propose that DNA is a sequence-specific allosteric ligand of GR that tailors the activity of the receptor toward specific target genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meijsing, Sebastiaan H -- Pufall, Miles A -- So, Alex Y -- Bates, Darren L -- Chen, Lin -- Yamamoto, Keith R -- GM08537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535-31/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):407-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1164265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Biochemistry. Through a mirror, differently (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheps, Jonathan A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1679-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1172428.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, BC Cancer Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada. jsheps@bccrc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism ; P-Glycoprotein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Diversity and complexity in DNA recognition by transcription factors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Sequence preferences of DNA binding proteins are a primary mechanism by which cells interpret the genome. Despite the central importance of these proteins in physiology, development, and evolution, comprehensive DNA binding specificities have been determined experimentally for only a few proteins. Here, we used microarrays containing all 10-base pair sequences to examine the binding specificities of 104 distinct mouse DNA binding proteins representing 22 structural classes. Our results reveal a complex landscape of binding, with virtually every protein analyzed possessing unique preferences. Roughly half of the proteins each recognized multiple distinctly different sequence motifs, challenging our molecular understanding of how proteins interact with their DNA binding sites. This complexity in DNA recognition may be important in gene regulation and in the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badis, Gwenael -- Berger, Michael F -- Philippakis, Anthony A -- Talukder, Shaheynoor -- Gehrke, Andrew R -- Jaeger, Savina A -- Chan, Esther T -- Metzler, Genita -- Vedenko, Anastasia -- Chen, Xiaoyu -- Kuznetsov, Hanna -- Wang, Chi-Fong -- Coburn, David -- Newburger, Daniel E -- Morris, Quaid -- Hughes, Timothy R -- Bulyk, Martha L -- R01 HG003985/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1720-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1162327. Epub 2009 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 8
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    Structure of the LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex reveals an allosteric mechanism of kinase activation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: The LKB1 tumor suppressor is a protein kinase that controls the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). LKB1 activity is regulated by the pseudokinase STRADalpha and the scaffolding protein MO25alpha through an unknown, phosphorylation-independent, mechanism. We describe the structure of the core heterotrimeric LKB1-STRADalpha-MO25alpha complex, revealing an unusual allosteric mechanism of LKB1 activation. STRADalpha adopts a closed conformation typical of active protein kinases and binds LKB1 as a pseudosubstrate. STRADalpha and MO25alpha promote the active conformation of LKB1, which is stabilized by MO25alpha interacting with the LKB1 activation loop. This previously undescribed mechanism of kinase activation may be relevant to understanding the evolution of other pseudokinases. The structure also reveals how mutations found in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in various sporadic cancers impair LKB1 function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518268/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeqiraj, Elton -- Filippi, Beatrice Maria -- Deak, Maria -- Alessi, Dario R -- van Aalten, Daan M F -- 087590/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- C33794/A10969/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0900138/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127070193/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1707-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1178377. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/*chemistry/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 9
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    Biochemistry. Force signaling in biology (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gebhardt, J Christof M -- Rief, Matthias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1278-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1175874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physik Department E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse, 85748 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Coagulation/physiology ; Hemostasis/*physiology ; Humans ; *Mechanical Phenomena ; Optical Tweezers ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Stress, Mechanical ; von Willebrand Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 10
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    Synthetic heterochromatin bypasses RNAi and centromeric repeats to establish functional centromeres (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: In the central domain of fission yeast centromeres, the kinetochore is assembled on CENP-A(Cnp1) nucleosomes. Normally, small interfering RNAs generated from flanking outer repeat transcripts direct histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Clr4 to homologous loci to form heterochromatin. Outer repeats, RNA interference (RNAi), and centromeric heterochromatin are required to establish CENP-A(Cnp1) chromatin. We demonstrated that tethering Clr4 via DNA-binding sites at euchromatic loci induces heterochromatin assembly, with or without active RNAi. This synthetic heterochromatin completely substitutes for outer repeats on plasmid-based minichromosomes, promoting de novo CENP-A(Cnp1) and kinetochore assembly, to allow their mitotic segregation, even with RNAi inactive. Thus, the role of outer repeats in centromere establishment is simply the provision of RNAi substrates to direct heterochromatin formation; H3K9 methylation-dependent heterochromatin is alone sufficient to form functional centromeres.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kagansky, Alexander -- Folco, Hernan Diego -- Almeida, Ricardo -- Pidoux, Alison L -- Boukaba, Abdelhalim -- Simmer, Femke -- Urano, Takeshi -- Hamilton, Georgina L -- Allshire, Robin C -- 065061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 065061/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0301153/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0301153(69173)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1716-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1172026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 6.34 Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Centromere/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosome Segregation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Mitosis ; *RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/*metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 11
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    Biochemistry. Nascent proteins caught in the act (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kampmann, Martin -- Blobel, Gunter -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1352-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1183690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. martin.kampmann@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Operon ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Transport ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Transfer/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Signal Recognition Particle/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tryptophanase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Crystal structure of the eukaryotic strong inward-rectifier K+ channel Kir2.2 at 3.1 A resolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Inward-rectifier potassium (K+) channels conduct K+ ions most efficiently in one direction, into the cell. Kir2 channels control the resting membrane voltage in many electrically excitable cells, and heritable mutations cause periodic paralysis and cardiac arrhythmia. We present the crystal structure of Kir2.2 from chicken, which, excluding the unstructured amino and carboxyl termini, is 90% identical to human Kir2.2. Crystals containing rubidium (Rb+), strontium (Sr2+), and europium (Eu3+) reveal binding sites along the ion conduction pathway that are both conductive and inhibitory. The sites correlate with extensive electrophysiological data and provide a structural basis for understanding rectification. The channel's extracellular surface, with large structured turrets and an unusual selectivity filter entryway, might explain the relative insensitivity of eukaryotic inward rectifiers to toxins. These same surface features also suggest a possible approach to the development of inhibitory agents specific to each member of the inward-rectifier K+ channel family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819303/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819303/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tao, Xiao -- Avalos, Jose L -- Chen, Jiayun -- MacKinnon, Roderick -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043949-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1668-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1180310.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Europium/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Strontium/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 13
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    Cell biology. Evolving cell signals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Mark O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1635-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1180331.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Proteomic Mass Spectrometry Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. moc@sanger.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; *Biological Evolution ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fungi/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Stretching single talin rod molecules activates vinculin binding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-31
    Description: The molecular mechanism by which a mechanical stimulus is translated into a chemical response in biological systems is still unclear. We show that mechanical stretching of single cytoplasmic proteins can activate binding of other molecules. We used magnetic tweezers, total internal reflection fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy to investigate the effect of force on the interaction between talin, a protein that links liganded membrane integrins to the cytoskeleton, and vinculin, a focal adhesion protein that is activated by talin binding, leading to reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Application of physiologically relevant forces caused stretching of single talin rods that exposed cryptic binding sites for vinculin. Thus in the talin-vinculin system, molecular mechanotransduction can occur by protein binding after exposure of buried binding sites in the talin-vinculin system. Such protein stretching may be a more general mechanism for force transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉del Rio, Armando -- Perez-Jimenez, Raul -- Liu, Ruchuan -- Roca-Cusachs, Pere -- Fernandez, Julio M -- Sheetz, Michael P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 30;323(5914):638-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1162912.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Chickens ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Molecular ; Photobleaching ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Talin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Vinculin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 15
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    Cell biology. The force is with us (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, Martin A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 30;323(5914):588-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1169414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Cardiovascular Research Center and Mellon Urological Cancer Research Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. maschwartz@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Adhesion ; Fibronectins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5beta1/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Talin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Vinculin/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    Regulators of PP2C phosphatase activity function as abscisic acid sensors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) acts as a developmental signal and as an integrator of environmental cues such as drought and cold. Key players in ABA signal transduction include the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) ABI1 and ABI2, which act by negatively regulating ABA responses. In this study, we identify interactors of ABI1 and ABI2 which we have named regulatory components of ABA receptor (RCARs). In Arabidopsis, RCARs belong to a family with 14 members that share structural similarity with class 10 pathogen-related proteins. RCAR1 was shown to bind ABA, to mediate ABA-dependent inactivation of ABI1 or ABI2 in vitro, and to antagonize PP2C action in planta. Other RCARs also mediated ABA-dependent regulation of ABI1 and ABI2, consistent with a combinatorial assembly of receptor complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Yue -- Szostkiewicz, Izabela -- Korte, Arthur -- Moes, Daniele -- Yang, Yi -- Christmann, Alexander -- Grill, Erwin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1064-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1172408. Epub 2009 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl fur Botanik, Technische Universitat Munchen, Am Hochanger 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Germination ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Plant Stomata/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Point Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stereoisomerism ; Up-Regulation
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  • 17
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    Structural insight into nascent polypeptide chain-mediated translational stalling (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: Expression of the Escherichia coli tryptophanase operon depends on ribosome stalling during translation of the upstream TnaC leader peptide, a process for which interactions between the TnaC nascent chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel are critical. We determined a 5.8 angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction of a ribosome stalled during translation of the tnaC leader gene. The nascent chain was extended within the exit tunnel, making contacts with ribosomal components at distinct sites. Upon stalling, two conserved residues within the peptidyltransferase center adopted conformations that preclude binding of release factors. We propose a model whereby interactions within the tunnel are relayed to the peptidyltransferase center to inhibit translation. Moreover, we show that nascent chains adopt distinct conformations within the ribosomal exit tunnel.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920484/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920484/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidelt, Birgit -- Innis, C Axel -- Wilson, Daniel N -- Gartmann, Marco -- Armache, Jean-Paul -- Villa, Elizabeth -- Trabuco, Leonardo G -- Becker, Thomas -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Schulten, Klaus -- Steitz, Thomas A -- Beckmann, Roland -- GM022778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR005969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR005969-19/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR05969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1412-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1177662. Epub 2009 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Operon ; Peptidyl Transferases/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Ribosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tryptophanase/biosynthesis/*genetics
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  • 18
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    Medicine. A reinnervating microRNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Robert H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1494-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183842.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. robert.brown@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle Cells/enzymology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/metabolism ; Myostatin/genetics ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Signal Transduction
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  • 19
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    PTPsigma is a receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, an inhibitor of neural regeneration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) present a barrier to axon regeneration. However, no specific receptor for the inhibitory effect of CSPGs has been identified. We showed that a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPsigma, binds with high affinity to neural CSPGs. Binding involves the chondroitin sulfate chains and a specific site on the first immunoglobulin-like domain of PTPsigma. In culture, PTPsigma(-/-) neurons show reduced inhibition by CSPG. A PTPsigma fusion protein probe can detect cognate ligands that are up-regulated specifically at neural lesion sites. After spinal cord injury, PTPsigma gene disruption enhanced the ability of axons to penetrate regions containing CSPG. These results indicate that PTPsigma can act as a receptor for CSPGs and may provide new therapeutic approaches to neural regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811318/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811318/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Yingjie -- Tenney, Alan P -- Busch, Sarah A -- Horn, Kevin P -- Cuascut, Fernando X -- Liu, Kai -- He, Zhigang -- Silver, Jerry -- Flanagan, John G -- R01 EY011559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS025713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS025713/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS025713-22/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):592-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1178310. Epub 2009 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggrecans/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Axons/physiology ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class ; 2/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism/pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology
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  • 20
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    Sending signals dynamically (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Proteins mediate transmission of signals along intercellular and intracellular pathways and between the exterior and the interior of a cell. The dynamic properties of signaling proteins are crucial to their functions. We discuss emerging paradigms for the role of protein dynamics in signaling. A central tenet is that proteins fluctuate among many states on evolutionarily selected energy landscapes. Upstream signals remodel this landscape, causing signaling proteins to transmit information to downstream partners. New methods provide insight into the dynamic properties of signaling proteins at the atomic scale. The next stages in the signaling hierarchy-how multiple signals are integrated and how cellular signaling pathways are organized in space and time-present exciting challenges for the future, requiring bold multidisciplinary approaches.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921701/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921701/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smock, Robert G -- Gierasch, Lila M -- DP1 OD000945/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000945-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- GM027616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- OD000945/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM027616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM027616-30/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008515/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):198-203. doi: 10.1126/science.1169377.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. rsmock@student.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Motion ; PDZ Domains ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Signal Transduction ; Thermodynamics
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    Structure of monomeric yeast and mammalian Sec61 complexes interacting with the translating ribosome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. Although Sec complexes can form oligomers, it has been suggested that a single copy may serve as an active PCC. We determined subnanometer-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of eukaryotic ribosome-Sec61 complexes. In combination with biochemical data, we found that in both idle and active states, the Sec complex is not oligomeric and interacts mainly via two cytoplasmic loops with the universal ribosomal adaptor site. In the active state, the ribosomal tunnel and a central pore of the monomeric PCC were occupied by the nascent chain, contacting loop 6 of the Sec complex. This provides a structural basis for the activity of a solitary Sec complex in cotranslational protein translocation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920595/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920595/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Thomas -- Bhushan, Shashi -- Jarasch, Alexander -- Armache, Jean-Paul -- Funes, Soledad -- Jossinet, Fabrice -- Gumbart, James -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Berninghausen, Otto -- Schulten, Klaus -- Westhof, Eric -- Gilmore, Reid -- Mandon, Elisabet C -- Beckmann, Roland -- GM35687/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR005969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR005969-19/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR05969/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM067887/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1178535. Epub 2009 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Center Munich and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dogs ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Transport ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Ribosomes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Structural basis of immune evasion at the site of CD4 attachment on HIV-1 gp120 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The site on HIV-1 gp120 that binds to the CD4 receptor is vulnerable to antibodies. However, most antibodies that interact with this site cannot neutralize HIV-1. To understand the basis of this resistance, we determined co-crystal structures for two poorly neutralizing, CD4-binding site (CD4BS) antibodies, F105 and b13, in complexes with gp120. Both antibodies exhibited approach angles to gp120 similar to those of CD4 and a rare, broadly neutralizing CD4BS antibody, b12. Slight differences in recognition, however, resulted in substantial differences in F105- and b13-bound conformations relative to b12-bound gp120. Modeling and binding experiments revealed these conformations to be poorly compatible with the viral spike. This incompatibility, the consequence of slight differences in CD4BS recognition, renders HIV-1 resistant to all but the most accurately targeted antibodies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862588/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862588/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lei -- Kwon, Young Do -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Wu, Xueling -- O'Dell, Sijy -- Cavacini, Lisa -- Hessell, Ann J -- Pancera, Marie -- Tang, Min -- Xu, Ling -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Zhang, Mei-Yun -- Arthos, James -- Burton, Dennis R -- Dimitrov, Dimiter S -- Nabel, Gary J -- Posner, Marshall R -- Sodroski, Joseph -- Wyatt, Richard -- Mascola, John R -- Kwong, Peter D -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1123-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1175868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD4/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Immune Evasion ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation
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    Crystal structure of the nuclear export receptor CRM1 in complex with Snurportin1 and RanGTP (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: CRM1 mediates nuclear export of numerous unrelated cargoes, which may carry a short leucine-rich nuclear export signal or export signatures that include folded domains. How CRM1 recognizes such a variety of cargoes has been unknown up to this point. Here we present the crystal structure of the SPN1.CRM1.RanGTP export complex at 2.5 angstrom resolution (where SPN1 is snurportin1 and RanGTP is guanosine 5' triphosphate-bound Ran). SPN1 is a nuclear import adapter for cytoplasmically assembled, m(3)G-capped spliceosomal U snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins). The structure shows how CRM1 can specifically return the cargo-free form of SPN1 to the cytoplasm. The extensive contact area includes five hydrophobic residues at the SPN1 amino terminus that dock into a hydrophobic cleft of CRM1, as well as numerous hydrophilic contacts of CRM1 to m(3)G cap-binding domain and carboxyl-terminal residues of SPN1. The structure suggests that RanGTP promotes cargo-binding to CRM1 solely through long-range conformational changes in the exportin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monecke, Thomas -- Guttler, Thomas -- Neumann, Piotr -- Dickmanns, Achim -- Gorlich, Dirk -- Ficner, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1087-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1173388. Epub 2009 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung fur Molekulare Strukturbiologie, Institut fur Mikrobiologie und Genetik, GZMB, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19389996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Karyopherins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Cap-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*chemistry/metabolism ; beta Karyopherins/metabolism ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/*chemistry/metabolism
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    A functional genomics approach reveals CHE as a component of the Arabidopsis circadian clock (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: Transcriptional feedback loops constitute the molecular circuitry of the plant circadian clock. In Arabidopsis, a core loop is established between CCA1 and TOC1. Although CCA1 directly represses TOC1, the TOC1 protein has no DNA binding domains, which suggests that it cannot directly regulate CCA1. We established a functional genomic strategy that led to the identification of CHE, a TCP transcription factor that binds specifically to the CCA1 promoter. CHE is a clock component partially redundant with LHY in the repression of CCA1. The expression of CHE is regulated by CCA1, thus adding a CCA1/CHE feedback loop to the Arabidopsis circadian network. Because CHE and TOC1 interact, and CHE binds to the CCA1 promoter, a molecular linkage between TOC1 and CCA1 gene regulation is established.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259050/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259050/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pruneda-Paz, Jose L -- Breton, Ghislain -- Para, Alessia -- Kay, Steve A -- GM56006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM67837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1481-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Clocks/*genetics ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Mechanoenzymatic cleavage of the ultralarge vascular protein von Willebrand factor (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is secreted as ultralarge multimers that are cleaved in the A2 domain by the metalloprotease ADAMTS13 to give smaller multimers. Cleaved VWF is activated by hydrodynamic forces found in arteriolar bleeding to promote hemostasis, whereas uncleaved VWF is activated at lower, physiologic shear stresses and causes thrombosis. Single-molecule experiments demonstrate that elongational forces in the range experienced by VWF in the vasculature unfold the A2 domain, and only the unfolded A2 domain is cleaved by ADAMTS13. In shear flow, tensile force on a VWF multimer increases with the square of multimer length and is highest at the middle, providing an efficient mechanism for homeostatic regulation of VWF size distribution by force-induced A2 unfolding and cleavage by ADAMTS13, as well as providing a counterbalance for VWF-mediated platelet aggregation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753189/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753189/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Xiaohui -- Halvorsen, Kenneth -- Zhang, Cheng-Zhong -- Wong, Wesley P -- Springer, Timothy A -- HL-48675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL048675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL048675-16/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1330-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1170905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Coagulation/physiology ; *Hemostasis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; *Mechanical Phenomena ; Optical Tweezers ; Platelet Aggregation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thermodynamics ; von Willebrand Factor/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Crystal structure of a nucleocapsid-like nucleoprotein-RNA complex of respiratory syncytial virus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen, yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat infection. To help elucidate the replication mechanism of this RNA virus, we determined the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure at 3.3 A resolution of a decameric, annular ribonucleoprotein complex of the RSV nucleoprotein (N) bound to RNA. This complex mimics one turn of the viral helical nucleocapsid complex, which serves as template for viral RNA synthesis. The RNA wraps around the protein ring, with seven nucleotides contacting each N subunit, alternating rows of four and three stacked bases that are exposed and buried within a protein groove, respectively. Combined with electron microscopy data, this structure provides a detailed model for the RSV nucleocapsid, in which the bases are accessible for readout by the viral polymerase. Furthermore, the nucleoprotein structure highlights possible key sites for drug targeting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tawar, Rajiv G -- Duquerroy, Stephane -- Vonrhein, Clemens -- Varela, Paloma F -- Damier-Piolle, Laurence -- Castagne, Nathalie -- MacLellan, Kirsty -- Bedouelle, Hugues -- Bricogne, Gerard -- Bhella, David -- Eleouet, Jean-Francois -- Rey, Felix A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1279-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1177634.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Unite de Virologie Structurale, Departement de Virologie and CNRS Unite de Recherche Associee (URA) 3015, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Formation of the first peptide bond: the structure of EF-P bound to the 70S ribosome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: Elongation factor P (EF-P) is an essential protein that stimulates the formation of the first peptide bond in protein synthesis. Here we report the crystal structure of EF-P bound to the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome along with the initiator transfer RNA N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA(i) (fMet-tRNA(i)(fMet)) and a short piece of messenger RNA (mRNA) at a resolution of 3.5 angstroms. EF-P binds to a site located between the binding site for the peptidyl tRNA (P site) and the exiting tRNA (E site). It spans both ribosomal subunits with its amino-terminal domain positioned adjacent to the aminoacyl acceptor stem and its carboxyl-terminal domain positioned next to the anticodon stem-loop of the P site-bound initiator tRNA. Domain II of EF-P interacts with the ribosomal protein L1, which results in the largest movement of the L1 stalk that has been observed in the absence of ratcheting of the ribosomal subunits. EF-P facilitates the proper positioning of the fMet-tRNA(i)(fMet) for the formation of the first peptide bond during translation initiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296453/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296453/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blaha, Gregor -- Stanley, Robin E -- Steitz, Thomas A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM022778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM022778-36/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):966-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1175800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Peptide Elongation Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Large, Bacterial/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial/metabolism ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Thermus thermophilus/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Mesotocin and nonapeptide receptors promote estrildid flocking behavior (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: Proximate neural mechanisms that influence preferences for groups of a given size are almost wholly unknown. In the highly gregarious zebra finch (Estrildidae: Taeniopygia guttata), blockade of nonapeptide receptors by an oxytocin (OT) antagonist significantly reduced time spent with large groups and familiar social partners independent of time spent in social contact. Opposing effects were produced by central infusions of mesotocin (MT, avian homolog of OT). Most drug effects appeared to be female-specific. Across five estrildid finch species, species-typical group size correlates with nonapeptide receptor distributions in the lateral septum, and sociality in female zebra finches was reduced by OT antagonist infusions into the septum but not a control area. We propose that titration of sociality by MT represents a phylogenetically deep framework for the evolution of OT's female-specific roles in pair bonding and maternal functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862247/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862247/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodson, James L -- Schrock, Sara E -- Klatt, James D -- Kabelik, David -- Kingsbury, Marcy A -- MH062656/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062656/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH062656-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):862-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1174929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. jlgoodso@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Female ; Finches/*physiology ; Male ; Ornipressin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/physiology ; Prosencephalon/metabolism ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Septum of Brain/*metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; *Social Behavior ; Species Specificity ; Vasotocin/administration & dosage/pharmacology
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    Structural mechanism of abscisic acid binding and signaling by dimeric PYR1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) acts in seed dormancy, plant development, drought tolerance, and adaptive responses to environmental stresses. Structural mechanisms mediating ABA receptor recognition and signaling remain unknown but are essential for understanding and manipulating abiotic stress resistance. Here, we report structures of pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1), a prototypical PYR/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) protein that functions in early ABA signaling. The crystallographic structure reveals an alpha/beta helix-grip fold and homodimeric assembly, verified in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation. ABA binding within a large internal cavity switches structural motifs distinguishing ABA-free "open-lid" from ABA-bound "closed-lid" conformations. Small-angle x-ray scattering suggests that ABA signals by converting PYR1 to a more compact, symmetric closed-lid dimer. Site-directed PYR1 mutants designed to disrupt hormone binding lose ABA-triggered interactions with type 2C protein phosphatase partners in planta.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835493/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835493/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishimura, Noriyuki -- Hitomi, Kenichi -- Arvai, Andrew S -- Rambo, Robert P -- Hitomi, Chiharu -- Cutler, Sean R -- Schroeder, Julian I -- Getzoff, Elizabeth D -- ES010337/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM060396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES010337/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES010337-10S20008/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060396/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060396-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1373-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1181829. Epub 2009 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Immunoprecipitation ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Scattering, Small Angle ; *Signal Transduction ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    A high-resolution structure of the pre-microRNA nuclear export machinery (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Nuclear export of microRNAs (miRNAs) by exportin-5 (Exp-5) is an essential step in miRNA biogenesis. Here, we present the 2.9 angstrom structure of the pre-miRNA nuclear export machinery formed by pre-miRNA complexed with Exp-5 and a guanine triphosphate (GTP)-bound form of the small nuclear guanine triphosphatase (GTPase) Ran (RanGTP). The x-ray structure shows that Exp-5:RanGTP recognizes the 2-nucleotide 3' overhang structure and the double-stranded stem of the pre-miRNA. Exp-5:RanGTP shields the pre-miRNA stem from degradation in a baseball mitt-like structure where it is held by broadly distributed weak interactions, whereas a tunnel-like structure of Exp-5 interacts strongly with the 2-nucleotide 3' overhang through hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions. RNA recognition by Exp-5:RanGTP does not depend on RNA sequence, implying that Exp-5:RanGTP can recognize a variety of pre-miRNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada, Chimari -- Yamashita, Eiki -- Lee, Soo Jae -- Shibata, Satoshi -- Katahira, Jun -- Nakagawa, Atsushi -- Yoneda, Yoshihiro -- Tsukihara, Tomitake -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1275-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1178705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Karyopherins/*chemistry/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism
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    A bipedal DNA Brownian motor with coordinated legs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: A substantial challenge in engineering molecular motors is designing mechanisms to coordinate the motion between multiple domains of the motor so as to bias random thermal motion. For bipedal motors, this challenge takes the form of coordinating the movement of the biped's legs so that they can move in a synchronized fashion. To address this problem, we have constructed an autonomous DNA bipedal walker that coordinates the action of its two legs by cyclically catalyzing the hybridization of metastable DNA fuel strands. This process leads to a chemically ratcheted walk along a directionally polar DNA track. By covalently cross-linking aliquots of the walker to its track in successive walking states, we demonstrate that this Brownian motor can complete a full walking cycle on a track whose length could be extended for longer walks. We believe that this study helps to uncover principles behind the design of unidirectional devices that can function without intervention. This device should be able to fulfill roles that entail the performance of useful mechanical work on the nanometer scale.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470906/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470906/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Omabegho, Tosan -- Sha, Ruojie -- Seeman, Nadrian C -- R37 GM029554/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):67-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1170336.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/*chemistry ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*chemistry ; Furocoumarins/chemistry ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    The SOS response controls integron recombination (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: Integrons are found in the genome of hundreds of environmental bacteria but are mainly known for their role in the capture and spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among Gram-negative pathogens. We report a direct link between this system and the ubiquitous SOS response. We found that LexA controlled expression of most integron integrases and consequently regulated cassette recombination. This regulatory coupling enhanced the potential for cassette swapping and capture in cells under stress, while minimizing cassette rearrangements or loss in constant environments. This finding exposes integrons as integrated adaptive systems and has implications for antibiotic treatment policies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerin, Emilie -- Cambray, Guillaume -- Sanchez-Alberola, Neus -- Campoy, Susana -- Erill, Ivan -- Da Re, Sandra -- Gonzalez-Zorn, Bruno -- Barbe, Jordi -- Ploy, Marie-Cecile -- Mazel, Didier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1034. doi: 10.1126/science.1172914.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Limoges, Faculte de Medecine, EA3175, INSERM, Equipe Avenir, 87000 Limoges, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Integrases/genetics ; Integrons/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *SOS Response (Genetics) ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Vibrio cholerae/*genetics/metabolism
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    Crystal structure of a self-spliced group II intron (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that catalyze their own excision from precursor transcripts and insertion into new genetic locations. Here we report the crystal structure of an intact, self-spliced group II intron from Oceanobacillus iheyensis at 3.1 angstrom resolution. An extensive network of tertiary interactions facilitates the ordered packing of intron subdomains around a ribozyme core that includes catalytic domain V. The bulge of domain V adopts an unusual helical structure that is located adjacent to a major groove triple helix (catalytic triplex). The bulge and catalytic triplex jointly coordinate two divalent metal ions in a configuration that is consistent with a two-metal ion mechanism for catalysis. Structural and functional analogies support the hypothesis that group II introns and the spliceosome share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toor, Navtej -- Keating, Kevin S -- Taylor, Sean D -- Pyle, Anna Marie -- GM50313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM07056/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):77-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1153803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, Bass Building, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. navtej.toor@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Bacillaceae/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Introns ; Ligands ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phylogeny ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/chemistry/metabolism
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    Small molecule-induced allosteric activation of the Vibrio cholerae RTX cysteine protease domain (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Vibrio cholerae RTX (repeats in toxin) is an actin-disrupting toxin that is autoprocessed by an internal cysteine protease domain (CPD). The RTX CPD is efficiently activated by the eukaryote-specific small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), and we present the 2.1 angstrom structure of the RTX CPD in complex with InsP6. InsP6 binds to a conserved basic cleft that is distant from the protease active site. Biochemical and kinetic analyses of CPD mutants indicate that InsP6 binding induces an allosteric switch that leads to the autoprocessing and intracellular release of toxin-effector domains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupardus, Patrick J -- Shen, Aimee -- Bogyo, Matthew -- Garcia, K Christopher -- R01 AI078947/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078947-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-06/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-07/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U54RR020843/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):265-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1162403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Vibrio cholerae/*chemistry
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    Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread. TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for signal transduction. To establish the molecular basis for ligand binding and signaling, we determined the crystal structure of a complex between two mouse TLR3-ECDs and dsRNA at 3.4 angstrom resolution. Each TLR3-ECD binds dsRNA at two sites located at opposite ends of the TLR3 horseshoe, and an intermolecular contact between the two TLR3-ECD C-terminal domains coordinates and stabilizes the dimer. This juxtaposition could mediate downstream signaling by dimerizing the cytoplasmic Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The overall shape of the TLR3-ECD does not change upon binding to dsRNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Lin -- Botos, Istvan -- Wang, Yan -- Leonard, Joshua N -- Shiloach, Joseph -- Segal, David M -- Davies, David R -- Z01 BC009254-33/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):379-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1155406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Structural evidence for common ancestry of the nuclear pore complex and vesicle coats (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. We determined the nucleoporin 85 (Nup85)*Seh1 structure, a module in the heptameric Nup84 complex, at 3.5 angstroms resolution. Structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses position the Nup84 complex in two peripheral NPC rings. We establish a conserved tripartite element, the ancestral coatomer element ACE1, that reoccurs in several nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins, providing structural evidence of coevolution from a common ancestor. We identified interactions that define the organization of the Nup84 complex on the basis of comparison with vesicle coats and confirmed the sites by mutagenesis. We propose that the NPC scaffold, like vesicle coats, is composed of polygons with vertices and edges forming a membrane-proximal lattice that provides docking sites for additional nucleoporins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brohawn, Stephen G -- Leksa, Nina C -- Spear, Eric D -- Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R -- Schwartz, Thomas U -- GM68762/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM77537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1165886. Epub 2008 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Coated Vesicles/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Pore/*chemistry ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/*chemistry
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    Asymmetric tethering of flat and curved lipid membranes by a golgin (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Golgins, long stringlike proteins, tether cisternae and transport vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. We examined the attachment of golgin GMAP-210 to lipid membranes. GMAP-210 connected highly curved liposomes to flatter ones. This asymmetric tethering relied on motifs that sensed membrane curvature both in the N terminus of GMAP-210 and in ArfGAP1, which controlled the interaction of the C terminus of GMAP-210 with the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf1. Because membrane curvature constantly changes during vesicular trafficking, this mode of tethering suggests a way to maintain the Golgi architecture without compromising membrane flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drin, Guillaume -- Morello, Vincent -- Casella, Jean-Francois -- Gounon, Pierre -- Antonny, Bruno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):670-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1155821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Liposomes ; Membrane Lipids/*chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Structure and functional role of dynein's microtubule-binding domain (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Dynein motors move various cargos along microtubules within the cytoplasm and power the beating of cilia and flagella. An unusual feature of dynein is that its microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) is separated from its ring-shaped AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain by a 15-nanometer coiled-coil stalk. We report the crystal structure of the mouse cytoplasmic dynein MTBD and a portion of the coiled coil, which supports a mechanism by which the ATPase domain and MTBD may communicate through a shift in the heptad registry of the coiled coil. Surprisingly, functional data suggest that the MTBD, and not the ATPase domain, is the main determinant of the direction of dynein motility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Garbarino, Joan E -- Wilson-Kubalek, Elizabeth M -- Shipley, Wesley E -- Cho, Carol -- Milligan, Ronald A -- Vale, Ronald D -- Gibbons, I R -- GM30401-29/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM52468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895-15/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR-17573/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1691-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Reversible compartmentalization of de novo purine biosynthetic complexes in living cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Purines are synthesized de novo in 10 chemical steps that are catalyzed by six enzymes in eukaryotes. Studies in vitro have provided little evidence of anticipated protein-protein interactions that would enable substrate channeling and regulation of the metabolic flux. We applied fluorescence microscopy to HeLa cells and discovered that all six enzymes colocalize to form clusters in the cellular cytoplasm. The association and dissociation of these enzyme clusters can be regulated dynamically, by either changing the purine levels of or adding exogenous agents to the culture media. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence for the formation of a multi-enzyme complex, the "purinosome," to carry out de novo purine biosynthesis in cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉An, Songon -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Sheets, Erin D -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- R21 AG030949/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R21 AG030949-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):103-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1152241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sua13@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azaserine/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm/*enzymology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Multienzyme Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoribosylglycinamide Formyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 40
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    The crystal structure of a sodium galactose transporter reveals mechanistic insights into Na+/sugar symport (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: Membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. We report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (SSS), the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vSGLT). The approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (TM) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 TM helices (TM2 to TM6 and TM7 to TM11). Galactose is bound in the center of the core, occluded from the outside solutions by hydrophobic residues. Surprisingly, the architecture of the core is similar to that of the leucine transporter (LeuT) from a different gene family. Modeling the outward-facing conformation based on the LeuT structure, in conjunction with biophysical data, provides insight into structural rearrangements for active transport.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faham, Salem -- Watanabe, Akira -- Besserer, Gabriel Mercado -- Cascio, Duilio -- Specht, Alexandre -- Hirayama, Bruce A -- Wright, Ernest M -- Abramson, Jeff -- DK19567/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK44602/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):810-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160406. Epub 2008 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Galactose/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sodium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Biochemistry. SNO removal (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmgren, Arne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1019-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1159246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. arne.holmgren@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; S-Nitrosothiols/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/*metabolism ; Thioredoxins/*metabolism
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  • 42
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    Human-specific gain of function in a developmental enhancer (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that 13 substitutions clustered in an 81-base pair module otherwise highly constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer the human-specific limb expression domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Visel, Axel -- Akiyama, Jennifer A -- Shoukry, Malak -- Lewis, Keith D -- Holt, Amy -- Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid -- Morrison, Harris -- Fitzpatrick, David R -- Afzal, Veena -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Rubin, Edward M -- Noonan, James P -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1346-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1159974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Embryonic Development ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extremities/*embryology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Limb Buds/embryology/metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PAX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 43
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    Genetics. Enhancing gene regulation (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wray, Gregory A -- Babbitt, Courtney C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1300-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1163568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Science and Policy, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA. gwray@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Introns ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 44
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    Leiomodin is an actin filament nucleator in muscle cells (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Initiation of actin polymerization in cells requires nucleation factors. Here we describe an actin-binding protein, leiomodin, that acted as a strong filament nucleator in muscle cells. Leiomodin shared two actin-binding sites with the filament pointed end-capping protein tropomodulin: a flexible N-terminal region and a leucine-rich repeat domain. Leiomodin also contained a C-terminal extension of 150 residues. The smallest fragment with strong nucleation activity included the leucine-rich repeat and C-terminal extension. The N-terminal region enhanced the nucleation activity threefold and recruited tropomyosin, which weakly stimulated nucleation and mediated localization of leiomodin to the middle of muscle sarcomeres. Knocking down leiomodin severely compromised sarcomere assembly in cultured muscle cells, which suggests a role for leiomodin in the nucleation of tropomyosin-decorated filaments in muscles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chereau, David -- Boczkowska, Malgorzata -- Skwarek-Maruszewska, Aneta -- Fujiwara, Ikuko -- Hayes, David B -- Rebowski, Grzegorz -- Lappalainen, Pekka -- Pollard, Thomas D -- Dominguez, Roberto -- GM026338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655-01A10004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):239-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sarcomeres/*metabolism ; Tropomodulin/chemistry ; Tropomyosin/chemistry/metabolism
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    NADP regulates the yeast GAL induction system (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: Transcriptional regulation of the galactose-metabolizing genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on three core proteins: Gal4p, the transcriptional activator that binds to upstream activating DNA sequences (UAS(GAL)); Gal80p, a repressor that binds to the carboxyl terminus of Gal4p and inhibits transcription; and Gal3p, a cytoplasmic transducer that, upon binding galactose and adenosine 5'-triphosphate, relieves Gal80p repression. The current model of induction relies on Gal3p sequestering Gal80p in the cytoplasm. However, the rapid induction of this system implies that there is a missing factor. Our structure of Gal80p in complex with a peptide from the carboxyl-terminal activation domain of Gal4p reveals the existence of a dinucleotide that mediates the interaction between the two. Biochemical and in vivo experiments suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) plays a key role in the initial induction event.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, P Rajesh -- Yu, Yao -- Sternglanz, Rolf -- Johnston, Stephen Albert -- Joshua-Tor, Leemor -- GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM55641/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA045508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 22;319(5866):1090-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1151903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Galactokinase/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Regulated protein denitrosylation by cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxins (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Nitric oxide acts substantially in cellular signal transduction through stimulus-coupled S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues. The mechanisms that might subserve protein denitrosylation in cellular signaling remain uncharacterized. Our search for denitrosylase activities focused on caspase-3, an exemplar of stimulus-dependent denitrosylation, and identified thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in a biochemical screen. In resting human lymphocytes, thioredoxin-1 actively denitrosylated cytosolic caspase-3 and thereby maintained a low steady-state amount of S-nitrosylation. Upon stimulation of Fas, thioredoxin-2 mediated denitrosylation of mitochondria-associated caspase-3, a process required for caspase-3 activation, and promoted apoptosis. Inhibition of thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductases enabled identification of additional substrates subject to endogenous S-nitrosylation. Thus, specific enzymatic mechanisms may regulate basal and stimulus-induced denitrosylation in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benhar, Moran -- Forrester, Michael T -- Hess, Douglas T -- Stamler, Jonathan S -- P01 HL075443/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL075443-050003/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059130/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059130-11/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U19 ES012496/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- U19 ES012496-05/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1050-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1158265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Auranofin/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/*metabolism ; Dinitrochlorobenzene/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S-Nitrosothiols/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/*metabolism ; Thioredoxins/*metabolism
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    De novo computational design of retro-aldol enzymes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: The creation of enzymes capable of catalyzing any desired chemical reaction is a grand challenge for computational protein design. Using new algorithms that rely on hashing techniques to construct active sites for multistep reactions, we designed retro-aldolases that use four different catalytic motifs to catalyze the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond in a nonnatural substrate. Of the 72 designs that were experimentally characterized, 32, spanning a range of protein folds, had detectable retro-aldolase activity. Designs that used an explicit water molecule to mediate proton shuffling were significantly more successful, with rate accelerations of up to four orders of magnitude and multiple turnovers, than those involving charged side-chain networks. The atomic accuracy of the design process was confirmed by the x-ray crystal structure of active designs embedded in two protein scaffolds, both of which were nearly superimposable on the design model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431203/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3431203/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Lin -- Althoff, Eric A -- Clemente, Fernando R -- Doyle, Lindsey -- Rothlisberger, Daniela -- Zanghellini, Alexandre -- Gallaher, Jasmine L -- Betker, Jamie L -- Tanaka, Fujie -- Barbas, Carlos F 3rd -- Hilvert, Donald -- Houk, Kendall N -- Stoddard, Barry L -- Baker, David -- R01 CA097328/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1387-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1152692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Algorithms ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering
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    The high-affinity E. coli methionine ABC transporter: structure and allosteric regulation (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: The crystal structure of the high-affinity Escherichia coli MetNI methionine uptake transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) family, has been solved to 3.7 angstrom resolution. The overall architecture of MetNI reveals two copies of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) MetN in complex with two copies of the transmembrane domain MetI, with the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation exhibiting widely separated nucleotide binding domains. Each MetI subunit is organized around a core of five transmembrane helices that correspond to a subset of the helices observed in the larger membrane-spanning subunits of the molybdate (ModBC) and maltose (MalFGK) ABC transporters. In addition to the conserved nucleotide binding domain of the ABC family, MetN contains a carboxyl-terminal extension with a ferredoxin-like fold previously assigned to a conserved family of regulatory ligand-binding domains. These domains separate the nucleotide binding domains and would interfere with their association required for ATP binding and hydrolysis. Methionine binds to the dimerized carboxyl-terminal domain and is shown to inhibit ATPase activity. These observations are consistent with an allosteric regulatory mechanism operating at the level of transport activity, where increased intracellular levels of the transported ligand stabilize an inward-facing, ATPase-inactive state of MetNI to inhibit further ligand translocation into the cell.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527972/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527972/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kadaba, Neena S -- Kaiser, Jens T -- Johnson, Eric -- Lee, Allen -- Rees, Douglas C -- GM45162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM045162-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):250-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1157987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mail Code 114-96, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Methionine/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism
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    Surface sites for engineering allosteric control in proteins (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-18
    Description: Statistical analyses of protein families reveal networks of coevolving amino acids that functionally link distantly positioned functional surfaces. Such linkages suggest a concept for engineering allosteric control into proteins: The intramolecular networks of two proteins could be joined across their surface sites such that the activity of one protein might control the activity of the other. We tested this idea by creating PAS-DHFR, a designed chimeric protein that connects a light-sensing signaling domain from a plant member of the Per/Arnt/Sim (PAS) family of proteins with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). With no optimization, PAS-DHFR exhibited light-dependent catalytic activity that depended on the site of connection and on known signaling mechanisms in both proteins. PAS-DHFR serves as a proof of concept for engineering regulatory activities into proteins through interface design at conserved allosteric sites.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071530/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071530/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeeyeon -- Natarajan, Madhusudan -- Nashine, Vishal C -- Socolich, Michael -- Vo, Tina -- Russ, William P -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- Ranganathan, Rama -- R01 EY018720/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018720-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018720-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018720-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):438-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1159052.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Allosteric Site ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cryptochromes ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Flavoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Dual positive and negative regulation of wingless signaling by adenomatous polyposis coli (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: The evolutionarily conserved Wnt/Wingless signal transduction pathway directs cell proliferation, cell fate, and cell death during development in metazoans and is inappropriately activated in several types of cancer. The majority of colorectal carcinomas contain truncating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor, a negative regulator of Wnt/Wingless signaling. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila Apc homologs also have an activating role in both physiological and ectopic Wingless signaling. The Apc amino terminus is important for its activating function, whereas the beta-catenin binding sites are dispensable. Apc likely promotes Wingless transduction through down-regulation of Axin, a negative regulator of Wingless signaling. Given the evolutionary conservation of APC in Wnt signal transduction, an activating role may also be present in vertebrates with relevance to development and cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takacs, Carter M -- Baird, Jason R -- Hughes, Edward G -- Kent, Sierra S -- Benchabane, Hassina -- Paik, Raehum -- Ahmed, Yashi -- KO8CA078532/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA105038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1151232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/metabolism ; Axin Protein ; Binding Sites ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Drosophila/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Insect ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Wings, Animal/growth & development/metabolism ; Wnt1 Protein
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    AMPylation of Rho GTPases by Vibrio VopS disrupts effector binding and downstream signaling (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: The Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III effector VopS is implicated in cell rounding and the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). We found that VopS could act to covalently modify a conserved threonine residue on Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). The resulting AMPylation prevented the interaction of Rho GTPases with downstream effectors, thereby inhibiting actin assembly in the infected cell. Eukaryotic proteins were also directly modified with AMP, potentially expanding the repertoire of posttranslational modifications for molecular signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarbrough, Melanie L -- Li, Yan -- Kinch, Lisa N -- Grishin, Nick V -- Ball, Haydn L -- Orth, Kim -- R01-AI056404/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):269-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1166382. Epub 2008 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Shape ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/chemistry/metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Crystal structure of the termination module of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-28
    Description: Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are modular multidomain enzymes that act as an assembly line to catalyze the biosynthesis of complex natural products. The crystal structure of the 144-kilodalton Bacillus subtilis termination module SrfA-C was solved at 2.6 angstrom resolution. The adenylation and condensation domains of SrfA-C associate closely to form a catalytic platform, with their active sites on the same side of the platform. The peptidyl carrier protein domain is flexibly tethered to this platform and thus can move with its substrate-loaded 4'-phosphopantetheine arm between the active site of the adenylation domain and the donor side of the condensation domain. The SrfA-C crystal structure has implications for the rational redesign of NRPSs as a means of producing novel bioactive peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanovic, Alan -- Samel, Stefan A -- Essen, Lars-Oliver -- Marahiel, Mohamed A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):659-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1159850. Epub 2008 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D35032 Marburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Synthases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    A conserved mutation in an ethylene biosynthesis enzyme leads to andromonoecy in melons (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: Andromonoecy is a widespread sexual system in angiosperms characterized by plants carrying both male and bisexual flowers. In melon, this sexual form is controlled by the identity of the alleles at the andromonoecious (a) locus. Cloning of the a gene reveals that andromonoecy results from a mutation in the active site of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase. Expression of the active enzyme inhibits the development of the male organs and is not required for carpel development. A causal single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with andromonoecy was identified, which suggests that the a allele has been under recent positive selection and may be linked to the evolution of this sexual system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boualem, Adnane -- Fergany, Mohamed -- Fernandez, Ronan -- Troadec, Christelle -- Martin, Antoine -- Morin, Halima -- Sari, Marie-Agnes -- Collin, Fabrice -- Flowers, Jonathan M -- Pitrat, Michel -- Purugganan, Michael D -- Dogimont, Catherine -- Bendahmane, Abdelhafid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):836-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1159023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)-CNRS, UMR1165, Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, F-91057 Evry, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cucumis melo/*enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Flowers/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Haplotypes ; Lyases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Phylogeny ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Concurrent fast and slow cycling of a transcriptional activator at an endogenous promoter (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: For gene regulation, some transcriptional activators bind periodically to promoters with either a fast (approximately 1 minute) or a slow (approximately 15 to 90 minutes) cycle. It is uncertain whether the fast cycle occurs on natural promoters, and the function of either cycle in transcription remains unclear. We report that fast and slow cycling can occur simultaneously on an endogenous yeast promoter and that slow cycling in this system reflects an oscillation in the fraction of accessible promoters rather than the recruitment and release of stably bound transcriptional activators. This observation, combined with single-cell measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA) production, argues that fast cycling initiates transcription and that slow cycling regulates the quantity of mRNA produced. These findings counter the prevailing view that slow cycling initiates transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karpova, Tatiana S -- Kim, Min J -- Spriet, Corentin -- Nalley, Kip -- Stasevich, Timothy J -- Kherrouche, Zoulika -- Heliot, Laurent -- McNally, James G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):466-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1150559.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research Core Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Metallothionein ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Structural biology. Symmetric transporters for asymmetric transport (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630483/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630483/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karpowich, Nathan K -- Wang, Da-Neng -- DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH083840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083840-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936-02S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026-040010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):781-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1161495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. karpowic@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Galactose/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/*metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Biochemistry. RT slides home (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarafianos, Stefan G -- Arnold, Eddy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1059-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1167454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. sarafianoss@missouri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Nevirapine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Slide into action: dynamic shuttling of HIV reverse transcriptase on nucleic acid substrates (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: The reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) catalyzes a series of reactions to convert single-stranded viral RNA into double-stranded DNA for host cell integration. This process requires a variety of enzymatic activities, including DNA polymerization, RNA cleavage, strand transfer, and strand displacement synthesis. We used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to probe the interactions between RT and nucleic acid substrates in real time. RT was observed to slide on nucleic acid duplexes, rapidly shuttling between opposite termini of the duplex. Upon reaching the DNA 3' terminus, RT can spontaneously flip into a polymerization orientation. Sliding kinetics were regulated by cognate nucleotides and anti-HIV drugs, which stabilized and destabilized the polymerization mode, respectively. These long-range translocation activities facilitate multiple stages of the reverse transcription pathway, including normal DNA polymerization and strand displacement synthesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717043/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717043/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Shixin -- Abbondanzieri, Elio A -- Rausch, Jason W -- Le Grice, Stuart F J -- Zhuang, Xiaowei -- GM 068518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068518-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1092-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1163108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbocyanines ; DNA Primers/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Fluorescent Dyes ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/*metabolism ; HIV-1/*enzymology ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Nevirapine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Reverse Transcription ; Ribonuclease H/chemistry/metabolism
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    Biochemistry. An almost-complete movie (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diallinas, George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1644-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1168107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 15781, Athens, Greece. diallina@biol.uoa.gr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cation Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Symporters/chemistry/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The crystal structure of a mammalian fatty acid synthase (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Mammalian fatty acid synthase is a large multienzyme that catalyzes all steps of fatty acid synthesis. We have determined its crystal structure at 3.2 angstrom resolution covering five catalytic domains, whereas the flexibly tethered terminal acyl carrier protein and thioesterase domains remain unresolved. The structure reveals a complex architecture of alternating linkers and enzymatic domains. Substrate shuttling is facilitated by flexible tethering of the acyl carrier protein domain and by the limited contact between the condensing and modifying portions of the multienzyme, which are mainly connected by linkers rather than direct interaction. The structure identifies two additional nonenzymatic domains: (i) a pseudo-ketoreductase and (ii) a peripheral pseudo-methyltransferase that is probably a remnant of an ancestral methyltransferase domain maintained in some related polyketide synthases. The structural comparison of mammalian fatty acid synthase with modular polyketide synthases shows how their segmental construction allows the variation of domain composition to achieve diverse product synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maier, Timm -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1315-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1161269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/*chemistry ; Fatty Acids/biosynthesis ; Methyltransferases/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NADP/chemistry/metabolism ; Polyketide Synthases/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Swine/*metabolism
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    Antigen recognition by variable lymphocyte receptors (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) rather than antibodies play the primary role in recognition of antigens in the adaptive immune system of jawless vertebrates. Combinatorial assembly of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene segments achieves the required repertoire for antigen recognition. We have determined a crystal structure for a VLR-antigen complex, VLR RBC36 in complex with the H-antigen trisaccharide from human blood type O erythrocytes, at 1.67 angstrom resolution. RBC36 binds the H-trisaccharide on the concave surface of the LRR modules of the solenoid structure where three key hydrophilic residues, multiple van der Waals interactions, and the highly variable insert of the carboxyl-terminal LRR module determine antigen recognition and specificity. The concave surface assembled from the most highly variable regions of the LRRs, along with diversity in the sequence and length of the highly variable insert, can account for the recognition of diverse antigens by VLRs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581502/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581502/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Byung Woo -- Herrin, Brantley R -- Cooper, Max D -- Wilson, Ian A -- AI072435/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI042266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI042266-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1834-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ABO Blood-Group System/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lampreys/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Trisaccharides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
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    An inhibitor of FtsZ with potent and selective anti-staphylococcal activity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: FtsZ is an essential bacterial guanosine triphosphatase and homolog of mammalian beta-tubulin that polymerizes and assembles into a ring to initiate cell division. We have created a class of small synthetic antibacterials, exemplified by PC190723, which inhibits FtsZ and prevents cell division. PC190723 has potent and selective in vitro bactericidal activity against staphylococci, including methicillin- and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The putative inhibitor-binding site of PC190723 was mapped to a region of FtsZ that is analogous to the Taxol-binding site of tubulin. PC190723 was efficacious in an in vivo model of infection, curing mice infected with a lethal dose of S. aureus. The data validate FtsZ as a target for antibacterial intervention and identify PC190723 as suitable for optimization into a new anti-staphylococcal therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haydon, David J -- Stokes, Neil R -- Ure, Rebecca -- Galbraith, Greta -- Bennett, James M -- Brown, David R -- Baker, Patrick J -- Barynin, Vladimir V -- Rice, David W -- Sedelnikova, Sveta E -- Heal, Jonathan R -- Sheridan, Joseph M -- Aiwale, Sachin T -- Chauhan, Pramod K -- Srivastava, Anil -- Taneja, Amit -- Collins, Ian -- Errington, Jeff -- Czaplewski, Lloyd G -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1673-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1159961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Prolysis, Begbroke Science Park, Oxfordshire OX5 1PF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacillus subtilis/chemistry/*drug effects/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Ligands ; Methicillin Resistance ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry/*drug effects ; Thiazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tubulin/chemistry/metabolism
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    The crystal structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase reveals the geometry of the active site (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Biological formation and consumption of molecular hydrogen (H2) are catalyzed by hydrogenases, of which three phylogenetically unrelated types are known: [NiFe]-hydrogenases, [FeFe]-hydrogenases, and [Fe]-hydrogenase. We present a crystal structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase at 1.75 angstrom resolution, showing a mononuclear iron coordinated by the sulfur of cysteine 176, two carbon monoxide (CO) molecules, and the sp2-hybridized nitrogen of a 2-pyridinol compound with back-bonding properties similar to those of cyanide. The three-dimensional arrangement of the ligands is similar to that of thiolate, CO, and cyanide ligated to the low-spin iron in binuclear [NiFe]- and [FeFe]-hydrogenases, although the enzymes have evolved independently and the CO and cyanide ligands are not found in any other metalloenzyme. The related iron ligation pattern of hydrogenases exemplifies convergent evolution and presumably plays an essential role in H2 activation. This finding may stimulate the ongoing synthesis of catalysts that could substitute for platinum in applications such as fuel cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shima, Seigo -- Pilak, Oliver -- Vogt, Sonja -- Schick, Michael -- Stagni, Marco S -- Meyer-Klaucke, Wolfram -- Warkentin, Eberhard -- Thauer, Rudolf K -- Ermler, Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):572-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1158978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Terrestrische Mikrobiologie and Laboratorium fur Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany. shima@mpi-marburg.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoenzymes/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Catalytic Domain ; Coenzymes/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Holoenzymes/chemistry ; Hydrogen/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Methane/biosynthesis ; Methanococcales/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Biochemistry. A natural choice for activating hydrogen (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, Fraser A -- Fontecilla-Camps, Juan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):498-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1161326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK. fraser.armstrong@chem.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Methane/*biosynthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction
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    Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257485/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4257485/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hong, Joung-Woo -- Hendrix, David A -- Levine, Michael S -- GM46638/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM046638/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1314. doi: 10.1126/science.1160631.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Computational Biology ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics ; Embryonic Development ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Introns ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    A competitive inhibitor traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Secondary transporters are workhorses of cellular membranes, catalyzing the movement of small molecules and ions across the bilayer and coupling substrate passage to ion gradients. However, the conformational changes that accompany substrate transport, the mechanism by which a substrate moves through the transporter, and principles of competitive inhibition remain unclear. We used crystallographic and functional studies on the leucine transporter (LeuT), a model for neurotransmitter sodium symporters, to show that various amino acid substrates induce the same occluded conformational state and that a competitive inhibitor, tryptophan (Trp), traps LeuT in an open-to-out conformation. In the Trp complex, the extracellular gate residues arginine 30 and aspartic acid 404 define a second weak binding site for substrates or inhibitors as they permeate from the extracellular solution to the primary substrate site, which demonstrates how residues that participate in gating also mediate permeation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2832577/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2832577/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singh, Satinder K -- Piscitelli, Chayne L -- Yamashita, Atsuko -- Gouaux, Eric -- K99 MH083050-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070039/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070039-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1655-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1166777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Transport Systems/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Biological Transport ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sodium/metabolism ; Symporters/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Tryptophan/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Solution structure of the integral human membrane protein VDAC-1 in detergent micelles (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) mediates trafficking of small molecules and ions across the eukaryotic outer mitochondrial membrane. VDAC also interacts with antiapoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family, and this interaction inhibits release of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondrion. We present the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure of recombinant human VDAC-1 reconstituted in detergent micelles. It forms a 19-stranded beta barrel with the first and last strand parallel. The hydrophobic outside perimeter of the barrel is covered by detergent molecules in a beltlike fashion. In the presence of cholesterol, recombinant VDAC-1 can form voltage-gated channels in phospholipid bilayers similar to those of the native protein. NMR measurements revealed the binding sites of VDAC-1 for the Bcl-2 protein Bcl-x(L), for reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and for cholesterol. Bcl-x(L) interacts with the VDAC barrel laterally at strands 17 and 18.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579273/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579273/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiller, Sebastian -- Garces, Robert G -- Malia, Thomas J -- Orekhov, Vladislav Y -- Colombini, Marco -- Wagner, Gerhard -- EB002026/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- GM066360/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM47467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-12S2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-14S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-28/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-29/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-30/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-31/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-32/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB002026-33/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM066360-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075879-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1206-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1161302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Detergents ; Dimethylamines ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ion Channel Gating ; Lipid Bilayers ; Micelles ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1/*chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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    Using engineered scaffold interactions to reshape MAP kinase pathway signaling dynamics (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-15
    Description: Scaffold proteins link signaling molecules into linear pathways by physically assembling them into complexes. Scaffolds may also have a higher-order role as signal-processing hubs, serving as the target of feedback loops that optimize signaling amplitude and timing. We demonstrate that the Ste5 scaffold protein can be used as a platform to systematically reshape output of the yeast mating MAP kinase pathway. We constructed synthetic positive- and negative-feedback loops by dynamically regulating recruitment of pathway modulators to an artificial binding site on Ste5. These engineered circuits yielded diverse behaviors: ultrasensitive dose response, accelerated or delayed response times, and tunable adaptation. Protein scaffolds provide a flexible platform for reprogramming cellular responses and could be exploited to engineer cells with novel therapeutic and biotechnological functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bashor, Caleb J -- Helman, Noah C -- Yan, Shude -- Lim, Wendell A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1151153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Leucine Zippers ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Precursors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Systems Biology/methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Structure and molecular mechanism of a nucleobase-cation-symport-1 family transporter (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-18
    Description: The nucleobase-cation-symport-1 (NCS1) transporters are essential components of salvage pathways for nucleobases and related metabolites. Here, we report the 2.85-angstrom resolution structure of the NCS1 benzyl-hydantoin transporter, Mhp1, from Microbacterium liquefaciens. Mhp1 contains 12 transmembrane helices, 10 of which are arranged in two inverted repeats of five helices. The structures of the outward-facing open and substrate-bound occluded conformations were solved, showing how the outward-facing cavity closes upon binding of substrate. Comparisons with the leucine transporter LeuT(Aa) and the galactose transporter vSGLT reveal that the outward- and inward-facing cavities are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of the membrane. The reciprocal opening and closing of these cavities is synchronized by the inverted repeat helices 3 and 8, providing the structural basis of the alternating access model for membrane transport.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885439/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885439/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weyand, Simone -- Shimamura, Tatsuro -- Yajima, Shunsuke -- Suzuki, Shun'ichi -- Mirza, Osman -- Krusong, Kuakarun -- Carpenter, Elisabeth P -- Rutherford, Nicholas G -- Hadden, Jonathan M -- O'Reilly, John -- Ma, Pikyee -- Saidijam, Massoud -- Patching, Simon G -- Hope, Ryan J -- Norbertczak, Halina T -- Roach, Peter C J -- Iwata, So -- Henderson, Peter J F -- Cameron, Alexander D -- 062164/Z/00/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 079209/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- B17935/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C51725/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G020043/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):709-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1164440. Epub 2008 Oct 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Membrane Protein Laboratory, Diamond Light Source Limited, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinomycetales/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cations/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydantoins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleobase Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sodium/metabolism ; Symporters/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Enzymes without borders: mobilizing substrates, delivering products (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: Many cellular reactions involve both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules that reside within the chemically distinct environments defined by the phospholipid-based membranes and the aqueous lumens of cytoplasm and organelles. Enzymes performing this type of reaction are required to access a lipophilic substrate located in the membranes and to catalyze its reaction with a polar, water-soluble compound. Here, we explore the different binding strategies and chemical tricks that enzymes have developed to overcome this problem. These reactions can be catalyzed by integral membrane proteins that channel a hydrophilic molecule into their active site, as well as by water-soluble enzymes that are able to capture a lipophilic substrate from the phospholipid bilayer. Many chemical and biological aspects of this type of enzymology remain to be investigated and will require the integration of protein chemistry with membrane biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forneris, Federico -- Mattevi, Andrea -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):213-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1151118.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/chemistry/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Cytosol/enzymology/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Enzymes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/chemistry/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Metalloproteases/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Organelles/enzymology/*metabolism ; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase/chemistry/metabolism
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    The 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a human A2A adenosine receptor bound to an antagonist (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: The adenosine class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediates the important role of extracellular adenosine in many physiological processes and is antagonized by caffeine. We have determined the crystal structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor, in complex with a high-affinity subtype-selective antagonist, ZM241385, to 2.6 angstrom resolution. Four disulfide bridges in the extracellular domain, combined with a subtle repacking of the transmembrane helices relative to the adrenergic and rhodopsin receptor structures, define a pocket distinct from that of other structurally determined GPCRs. The arrangement allows for the binding of the antagonist in an extended conformation, perpendicular to the membrane plane. The binding site highlights an integral role for the extracellular loops, together with the helical core, in ligand recognition by this class of GPCRs and suggests a role for ZM241385 in restricting the movement of a tryptophan residue important in the activation mechanism of the class A receptors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586971/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586971/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaakola, Veli-Pekka -- Griffith, Mark T -- Hanson, Michael A -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Chien, Ellen Y T -- Lane, J Robert -- Ijzerman, Adriaan P -- Stevens, Raymond C -- GM075915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1211-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164772. Epub 2008 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Ligands ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Receptor, Adenosine A2A/*chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Triazines/chemistry ; Triazoles/chemistry ; Tryptophan/chemistry ; Turkeys
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    Structural basis of trans-inhibition in a molybdate/tungstate ABC transporter (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Transport across cellular membranes is an essential process that is catalyzed by diverse membrane transport proteins. The turnover rates of certain transporters are inhibited by their substrates in a process termed trans-inhibition, whose structural basis is poorly understood. We present the crystal structure of a molybdate/tungstate ABC transporter (ModBC) from Methanosarcina acetivorans in a trans-inhibited state. The regulatory domains of the nucleotide-binding subunits are in close contact and provide two oxyanion binding pockets at the shared interface. By specifically binding to these pockets, molybdate or tungstate prevent adenosine triphosphatase activity and lock the transporter in an inward-facing conformation, with the catalytic motifs of the nucleotide-binding domains separated. This allosteric effect prevents the transporter from switching between the inward-facing and the outward-facing states, thus interfering with the alternating access and release mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerber, Sabina -- Comellas-Bigler, Mireia -- Goetz, Birke A -- Locher, Kaspar P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):246-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1156213. Epub 2008 May 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, HPK D14.3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Methanosarcina/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molybdenum/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tungsten Compounds/*metabolism
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    Chemistry. Roots of biosynthetic diversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christianson, David W -- GM56838/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):60-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. chris@sas.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Evolution, Molecular ; Geranyltranstransferase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hemiterpenes/metabolism ; Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Terpenes/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Crystal structures of Fe2+ dioxygenase superoxo, alkylperoxo, and bound product intermediates (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: We report the structures of three intermediates in the O2 activation and insertion reactions of an extradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenase. A crystal of Fe2+-containing homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase was soaked in the slow substrate 4-nitrocatechol in a low O2 atmosphere. The x-ray crystal structure shows that three different intermediates reside in different subunits of a single homotetrameric enzyme molecule. One of these is the key substrate-alkylperoxo-Fe2+ intermediate, which has been predicted, but not structurally characterized, in an oxygenase. The intermediates define the major chemical steps of the dioxygenase mechanism and point to a general mechanistic strategy for the diverse 2-His-1-carboxylate enzyme family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720167/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720167/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovaleva, Elena G -- Lipscomb, John D -- GM24689/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM024689/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM024689-27/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM024689-28/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM024689/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM024689-26/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):453-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Brevibacterium/*enzymology ; Catalysis ; Catechols/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dioxygenases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry ; Ligands ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Superoxides/chemistry
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    Genome-wide mapping of in vivo protein-DNA interactions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: In vivo protein-DNA interactions connect each transcription factor with its direct targets to form a gene network scaffold. To map these protein-DNA interactions comprehensively across entire mammalian genomes, we developed a large-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIPSeq) based on direct ultrahigh-throughput DNA sequencing. This sequence census method was then used to map in vivo binding of the neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF; also known as REST, for repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor) to 1946 locations in the human genome. The data display sharp resolution of binding position [+/-50 base pairs (bp)], which facilitated our finding motifs and allowed us to identify noncanonical NRSF-binding motifs. These ChIPSeq data also have high sensitivity and specificity [ROC (receiver operator characteristic) area 〉/= 0.96] and statistical confidence (P 〈10(-4)), properties that were important for inferring new candidate interactions. These include key transcription factors in the gene network that regulates pancreatic islet cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David S -- Mortazavi, Ali -- Myers, Richard M -- Wold, Barbara -- 5T32GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG003162/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1497-502. Epub 2007 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305-5120, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; *Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology/physiology ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Neurons/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synaptic Transmission ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers
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    Biochemistry. An ancient and intimate partnership (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097138/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3097138/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilmot, Carrie M -- R01 GM066569/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066569-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):379-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. wilmo004@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Dioxygenases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Superoxides/metabolism
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    RAP80 targets BRCA1 to specific ubiquitin structures at DNA damage sites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Mutations affecting the BRCT domains of the breast cancer-associated tumor suppressor BRCA1 disrupt the recruitment of this protein to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The molecular structures at DSBs recognized by BRCA1 are presently unknown. We report the interaction of the BRCA1 BRCT domain with RAP80, a ubiquitin-binding protein. RAP80 targets a complex containing the BRCA1-BARD1 (BRCA1-associated ring domain protein 1) E3 ligase and the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) BRCC36 to MDC1-gammaH2AX-dependent lysine(6)- and lysine(63)-linked ubiquitin polymers at DSBs. These events are required for cell cycle checkpoint and repair responses to ionizing radiation, implicating ubiquitin chain recognition and turnover in the BRCA1-mediated repair of DSBs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sobhian, Bijan -- Shao, Genze -- Lilli, Dana R -- Culhane, Aedin C -- Moreau, Lisa A -- Xia, Bing -- Livingston, David M -- Greenberg, Roger A -- K08 CA106597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA106597-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1198-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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    Genetic properties influencing the evolvability of gene expression (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Identifying the properties of gene networks that influence their evolution is a fundamental research goal. However, modes of evolution cannot be inferred solely from the distribution of natural variation, because selection interacts with demography and mutation rates to shape polymorphism and divergence. We estimated the effects of naturally occurring mutations on gene expression while minimizing the effect of natural selection. We demonstrate that sensitivity of gene expression to mutations increases with both increasing trans-mutational target size and the presence of a TATA box. Genes with greater sensitivity to mutations are also more sensitive to systematic environmental perturbations and stochastic noise. These results provide a mechanistic basis for gene expression evolvability that can serve as a foundation for realistic models of regulatory evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landry, Christian R -- Lemos, Bernardo -- Rifkin, Scott A -- Dickinson, W J -- Hartl, Daniel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):118-21. Epub 2007 May 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. clandry@post.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Variation ; Linear Models ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; TATA Box ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Biochemistry. A new target for antibiotic development (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Gerard D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Antimicrobial Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5. wrightge@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoacyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptidoglycan/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology
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    PKA type IIalpha holoenzyme reveals a combinatorial strategy for isoform diversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is inhibited by two classes of regulatory subunits, RI and RII. The RII subunits are substrates as well as inhibitors and do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form holoenzyme, which distinguishes them from RI subunits. To understand the molecular basis for isoform diversity, we solved the crystal structure of an RIIalpha holoenzyme and compared it to the RIalpha holoenzyme. Unphosphorylated RIIalpha(90-400), a deletion mutant, undergoes major conformational changes as both of the cAMP-binding domains wrap around the C subunit's large lobe. The hallmark of this conformational reorganization is the helix switch in domain A. The C subunit is in an open conformation, and its carboxyl-terminal tail is disordered. This structure demonstrates the conserved and isoform-specific features of RI and RII and the importance of ATP, and also provides a new paradigm for designing isoform-specific activators or antagonists for PKA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jian -- Brown, Simon H J -- von Daake, Sventja -- Taylor, Susan S -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):274-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Isoenzymes/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Domain architecture of pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin-dependent multifunctional enzyme (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Biotin-dependent multifunctional enzymes carry out metabolically important carboxyl group transfer reactions and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These enzymes use a tethered biotin cofactor to carry an activated carboxyl group between distantly spaced active sites. The mechanism of this transfer has remained poorly understood. Here we report the complete structure of pyruvate carboxylase at 2.0 angstroms resolution, which shows its domain arrangement. The structure, when combined with mutagenic analysis, shows that intermediate transfer occurs between active sites on separate polypeptide chains. In addition, domain rearrangements associated with activator binding decrease the distance between active-site pairs, providing a mechanism for allosteric activation. This description provides insight into the function of biotin-dependent enzymes and presents a new paradigm for multifunctional enzyme catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St Maurice, Martin -- Reinhardt, Laurie -- Surinya, Kathy H -- Attwood, Paul V -- Wallace, John C -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Rayment, Ivan -- AR35186/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070455/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1076-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Activators/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyruvate Carboxylase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhizobium etli/*enzymology
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    Structural basis of DNA replication origin recognition by an ORC protein (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: DNA replication in archaea and in eukaryotes share many similarities. We report the structure of an archaeal origin recognition complex protein, ORC1, bound to an origin recognition box, a DNA sequence that is found in multiple copies at replication origins. DNA binding is mediated principally by a C-terminal winged helix domain that inserts deeply into the major and minor grooves, widening them both. However, additional DNA contacts are made with the N-terminal AAA+ domain, which inserts into the minor groove at a characteristic G-rich sequence, inducing a 35 degrees bend in the duplex and providing directionality to the binding site. Both contact regions also induce substantial unwinding of the DNA. The structure provides insight into the initial step in assembly of a replication origin and recruitment of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase to that origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudier, Martin -- Schuwirth, Barbara S -- Westcott, Sarah L -- Wigley, Dale B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aeropyrum/*chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Replication Origin
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    Structural biology. Getting DNA to unwind (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Georgescu, Roxana E -- O'Donnell, Mike -- GM38839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1181-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of DNA Replication, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Aeropyrum/*chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Replication Origin ; Sulfolobus solfataricus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Host immune system gene targeting by a viral miRNA (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: Virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered in herpesviruses. However, their biological roles are mostly unknown. We developed an algorithm for the prediction of miRNA targets and applied it to human cytomegalovirus miRNAs, resulting in the identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB) gene as a top candidate target of hcmv-miR-UL112. MICB is a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKG2D and is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. We show that hcmv-miR-UL112 specifically down-regulates MICB expression during viral infection, leading to decreased binding of NKG2D and reduced killing by NK cells. Our results reveal a miRNA-based immunoevasion mechanism that appears to be exploited by human cytomegalovirus.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283197/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283197/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern-Ginossar, Noam -- Elefant, Naama -- Zimmermann, Albert -- Wolf, Dana G -- Saleh, Nivin -- Biton, Moshe -- Horwitz, Elad -- Prokocimer, Zafnat -- Prichard, Mark -- Hahn, Gabriele -- Goldman-Wohl, Debra -- Greenfield, Caryn -- Yagel, Simcha -- Hengel, Hartmut -- Altuvia, Yael -- Margalit, Hanah -- Mandelboim, Ofer -- N01 AI030049/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01 AI30049/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-30049/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):376-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Algorithms ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Down-Regulation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Ligands ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; RNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Histone replacement marks the boundaries of cis-regulatory domains (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Cellular memory is maintained at homeotic genes by cis-regulatory elements whose mechanism of action is unknown. We have examined chromatin at Drosophila homeotic gene clusters by measuring, at high resolution, levels of histone replacement and nucleosome occupancy. Homeotic gene clusters display conspicuous peaks of histone replacement at boundaries of cis-regulatory domains superimposed over broad regions of low replacement. Peaks of histone replacement closely correspond to nuclease-hypersensitive sites, binding sites for Polycomb and trithorax group proteins, and sites of nucleosome depletion. Our results suggest the existence of a continuous process that disrupts nucleosomes and maintains accessibility of cis-regulatory elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mito, Yoshiko -- Henikoff, Jorja G -- Henikoff, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1408-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, Insect ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Histones/*metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Protein Binding ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Response Elements ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    LeuT-desipramine structure reveals how antidepressants block neurotransmitter reuptake (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Tricyclic antidepressants exert their pharmacological effect-inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-by directly blocking neurotransmitter transporters (SERT, NET, and DAT, respectively) in the presynaptic membrane. The drug-binding site and the mechanism of this inhibition are poorly understood. We determined the crystal structure at 2.9 angstroms of the bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), a homolog of SERT, NET, and DAT, in complex with leucine and the antidepressant desipramine. Desipramine binds at the inner end of the extracellular cavity of the transporter and is held in place by a hairpin loop and by a salt bridge. This binding site is separated from the leucine-binding site by the extracellular gate of the transporter. By directly locking the gate, desipramine prevents conformational changes and blocks substrate transport. Mutagenesis experiments on human SERT and DAT indicate that both the desipramine-binding site and its inhibition mechanism are probably conserved in the human neurotransmitter transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zheng -- Zhen, Juan -- Karpowich, Nathan K -- Goetz, Regina M -- Law, Christopher J -- Reith, Maarten E A -- Wang, Da-Neng -- DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK060841/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1390-3. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desipramine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Dopamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Leucine/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/chemistry/metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Serotonin/chemistry/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
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    Biochemistry. Signaling across the cell membrane (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranganathan, Rama -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1253-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Green Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism ; Ligands ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Conformational switching in the fungal light sensor Vivid (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: The Neurospora crassa photoreceptor Vivid tunes blue-light responses and modulates gating of the circadian clock. Crystal structures of dark-state and light-state Vivid reveal a light, oxygen, or voltage Per-Arnt-Sim domain with an unusual N-terminal cap region and a loop insertion that accommodates the flavin cofactor. Photoinduced formation of a cystein-flavin adduct drives flavin protonation to induce an N-terminal conformational change. A cysteine-to-serine substitution remote from the flavin adenine dinucleotide binding site decouples conformational switching from the flavin photocycle and prevents Vivid from sending signals in Neurospora. Key elements of this activation mechanism are conserved by other photosensors such as White Collar-1, ZEITLUPE, ENVOY, and flavin-binding, kelch repeat, F-BOX 1 (FKF1).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682417/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682417/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoltowski, Brian D -- Schwerdtfeger, Carsten -- Widom, Joanne -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Bilwes, Alexandrine M -- Dunlap, Jay C -- Crane, Brian R -- GM079879-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH44651/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM068087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Darkness ; Dimerization ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/chemistry ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Neurospora crassa/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Solvent tuning of electrochemical potentials in the active sites of HiPIP versus ferredoxin (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: A persistent puzzle in the field of biological electron transfer is the conserved iron-sulfur cluster motif in both high potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) and ferredoxin (Fd) active sites. Despite this structural similarity, HiPIPs react oxidatively at physiological potentials, whereas Fds are reduced. Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy uncovers the substantial influence of hydration on this variation in reactivity. Fe-S covalency is much lower in natively hydrated Fd active sites than in HiPIPs but increases upon water removal; similarly, HiPIP covalency decreases when unfolding exposes an otherwise hydrophobically shielded active site to water. Studies on model compounds and accompanying density functional theory calculations support a correlation of Fe-S covalency with ease of oxidation and therefore suggest that hydration accounts for most of the difference between Fd and HiPIP reduction potentials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dey, Abhishek -- Jenney, Francis E Jr -- Adams, Michael W W -- Babini, Elena -- Takahashi, Yasuhiro -- Fukuyama, Keiichi -- Hodgson, Keith O -- Hedman, Britt -- Solomon, Edward I -- GM 60329/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR-001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR-01209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1464-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Electrochemistry ; Ferredoxins/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Iron/chemistry ; Iron-Sulfur Proteins/*chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*chemistry ; Protein Folding ; Solvents ; Spectrum Analysis ; Static Electricity ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Water/chemistry
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    Structural insight into the transglycosylation step of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the polymerization step of cell-wall biosynthesis, are membrane-bound, and are highly conserved across all bacteria. Long considered the "holy grail" of antibiotic research, they represent an essential and easily accessible drug target for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We have determined the 2.8 angstrom structure of a bifunctional cell-wall cross-linking enzyme, including its transpeptidase and GT domains, both unliganded and complexed with the substrate analog moenomycin. The peptidoglycan GTs adopt a fold distinct from those of other GT classes. The structures give insight into critical features of the catalytic mechanism and key interactions required for enzyme inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovering, Andrew L -- de Castro, Liza H -- Lim, Daniel -- Strynadka, Natalie C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1402-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminoacyltransferases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Apoenzymes/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Wall/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glycosylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptidoglycan/*biosynthesis ; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology/metabolism
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  • 90
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    Structure of the zinc transporter YiiP (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: YiiP is a membrane transporter that catalyzes Zn2+/H+ exchange across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Mammalian homologs of YiiP play critical roles in zinc homeostasis and cell signaling. Here, we report the x-ray structure of YiiP in complex with zinc at 3.8 angstrom resolution. YiiP is a homodimer held together in a parallel orientation through four Zn2+ ions at the interface of the cytoplasmic domains, whereas the two transmembrane domains swing out to yield a Y-shaped structure. In each protomer, the cytoplasmic domain adopts a metallochaperone-like protein fold; the transmembrane domain features a bundle of six transmembrane helices and a tetrahedral Zn2+ binding site located in a cavity that is open to both the membrane outer leaflet and the periplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Min -- Fu, Dax -- R01 GM065137/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1746-8. Epub 2007 Aug 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Alignment ; Zinc/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 91
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    Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with antiendotoxic lipid IVa (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with potent immunostimulatory activity is recognized by the receptor complex of MD-2 and Toll-like receptor 4. Crystal structures of human MD-2 and its complex with the antiendotoxic tetra-acylated lipid A core of LPS have been determined at 2.0 and 2.2 angstrom resolutions, respectively. MD-2 shows a deep hydrophobic cavity sandwiched by two beta sheets, in which four acyl chains of the ligand are fully confined. The phosphorylated glucosamine moieties are located at the entrance to the cavity. These structures suggest that MD-2 plays a principal role in endotoxin recognition and provide a basis for antiseptic drug development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohto, Umeharu -- Fukase, Koichi -- Miyake, Kensuke -- Satow, Yoshinori -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1632-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Glycolipids/*chemistry/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipid A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 92
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    Mechanism of Na+/H+ antiporting (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Na+/H+ antiporters are central to cellular salt and pH homeostasis. The structure of Escherichia coli NhaA was recently determined, but its mechanisms of transport and pH regulation remain elusive. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of NhaA that, with existing experimental data, enabled us to propose an atomically detailed model of antiporter function. Three conserved aspartates are key to our proposed mechanism: Asp164 (D164) is the Na+-binding site, D163 controls the alternating accessibility of this binding site to the cytoplasm or periplasm, and D133 is crucial for pH regulation. Consistent with experimental stoichiometry, two protons are required to transport a single Na+ ion: D163 protonates to reveal the Na+-binding site to the periplasm, and subsequent protonation of D164 releases Na+. Additional mutagenesis experiments further validated the model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arkin, Isaiah T -- Xu, Huafeng -- Jensen, Morten O -- Arbely, Eyal -- Bennett, Estelle R -- Bowers, Kevin J -- Chow, Edmond -- Dror, Ron O -- Eastwood, Michael P -- Flitman-Tene, Ravenna -- Gregersen, Brent A -- Klepeis, John L -- Kolossvary, Istvan -- Shan, Yibing -- Shaw, David E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):799-803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY 10036, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallization ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/growth & development/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Periplasm/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protons ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    An ATP gate controls tubulin binding by the tethered head of kinesin-1 (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Kinesin-1 is a two-headed molecular motor that walks along microtubules, with each step gated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Existing models for the gating mechanism propose a role for the microtubule lattice. We show that unpolymerized tubulin binds to kinesin-1, causing tubulin-activated release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). With no added nucleotide, each kinesin-1 dimer binds one tubulin heterodimer. In adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, each kinesin-1 dimer binds two tubulin heterodimers. The data reveal an ATP gate that operates independently of the microtubule lattice, by ATP-dependent release of a steric or allosteric block on the tubulin binding site of the tethered kinesin-ADP head.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504013/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504013/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Maria C -- Drummond, Douglas R -- Kain, Susan -- Hoeng, Julia -- Amos, Linda -- Cross, Robert A -- G0200542/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0200542(63814)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184313/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.04.002(78842)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Motors Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0TL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Dimerization ; Kinesin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Neurospora ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces ; Tubulin/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 94
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    Bypass of DNA lesions generated during anticancer treatment with cisplatin by DNA polymerase eta (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta) is a eukaryotic lesion bypass polymerase that helps organisms to survive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and tumor cells to gain resistance against cisplatin-based chemotherapy. It allows cells to replicate across cross-link lesions such as 1,2-d(GpG) cisplatin adducts (Pt-GG) and UV-induced cis-syn thymine dimers. We present structural and biochemical analysis of how Pol eta copies Pt-GG-containing DNA. The damaged DNA is bound in an open DNA binding rim. Nucleotidyl transfer requires the DNA to rotate into an active conformation, driven by hydrogen bonding of the templating base to the dNTP. For the 3'dG of the Pt-GG, this step is accomplished by a Watson-Crick base pair to dCTP and is biochemically efficient and accurate. In contrast, bypass of the 5'dG of the Pt-GG is less efficient and promiscuous for dCTP and dATP as a result of the presence of the rigid Pt cross-link. Our analysis reveals the set of structural features that enable Pol eta to replicate across strongly distorting DNA lesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alt, Aaron -- Lammens, Katja -- Chiocchini, Claudia -- Lammens, Alfred -- Pieck, J Carsten -- Kuch, David -- Hopfner, Karl-Peter -- Carell, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):967-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS), Ludwig Maximilians University, D-81377 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Cisplatin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Adducts/chemistry/*metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 95
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    Biochemistry. Toward methylmercury bioremediation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Omichinski, James G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):205-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Biochimie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada. jg.omichinski@umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cysteine/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology/genetics ; Lyases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mercury/metabolism ; Methylmercury Compounds/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Operon ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Sulfhydryl Compounds ; Sulfur
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  • 96
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    Replication origin recognition and deformation by a heterodimeric archaeal Orc1 complex (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: The faithful duplication of genetic material depends on essential DNA replication initiation factors. Cellular initiators form higher-order assemblies on replication origins, using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to locally remodel duplex DNA and facilitate proper loading of synthetic replisomal components. To better understand initiator function, we determined the 3.4 angstrom-resolution structure of an archaeal Cdc6/Orc1 heterodimer bound to origin DNA. The structure demonstrates that, in addition to conventional DNA binding elements, initiators use their AAA+ ATPase domains to recognize origin DNA. Together these interactions establish the polarity of initiator assembly on the origin and induce substantial distortions into origin DNA strands. Biochemical and comparative analyses indicate that AAA+/DNA contacts observed in the structure are dynamic and evolutionarily conserved, suggesting that the complex forms a core component of the basal initiation machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dueber, Erin L Cunningham -- Corn, Jacob E -- Bell, Stephen D -- Berger, James M -- GM071747/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, 2536 Channing Way 5190, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Replication Origin ; Sulfolobus solfataricus/*chemistry/metabolism
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    Crystal structures of the adenylate sensor from fission yeast AMP-activated protein kinase (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: The 5'-AMP (adenosine monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) coordinates metabolic function with energy availability by responding to changes in intracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and AMP concentrations. Here, we report crystal structures at 2.9 and 2.6 A resolution for ATP- and AMP-bound forms of a core alphabetagamma adenylate-binding domain from the fission yeast AMPK homolog. ATP and AMP bind competitively to a single site in the gamma subunit, with their respective phosphate groups positioned near function-impairing mutants. Unexpectedly, ATP binds without counterions, amplifying its electrostatic effects on a critical regulatory region where all three subunits converge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Townley, Robert -- Shapiro, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1726-9. Epub 2007 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*enzymology
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    The structure of a human p110alpha/p85alpha complex elucidates the effects of oncogenic PI3Kalpha mutations (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: PIK3CA, one of the two most frequently mutated oncogenes in human tumors, codes for p110alpha, the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, isoform alpha (PI3Kalpha, p110alpha/p85). Here, we report a 3.0 angstrom resolution structure of a complex between p110alpha and a polypeptide containing the p110alpha-binding domains of p85alpha, a protein required for its enzymatic activity. The structure shows that many of the mutations occur at residues lying at the interfaces between p110alpha and p85alpha or between the kinase domain of p110alpha and other domains within the catalytic subunit. Disruptions of these interactions are likely to affect the regulation of kinase activity by p85 or the catalytic activity of the enzyme, respectively. In addition to providing new insights about the structure of PI3Kalpha, these results suggest specific mechanisms for the effect of oncogenic mutations in p110alpha and p85alpha.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Chuan-Hsiang -- Mandelker, Diana -- Schmidt-Kittler, Oleg -- Samuels, Yardena -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Gabelli, Sandra B -- Amzel, L Mario -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 07184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM066895/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1744-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 99
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    Structure of a site-2 protease family intramembrane metalloprotease (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: Regulated intramembrane proteolysis by members of the site-2 protease (S2P) family is an important signaling mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Here we report the crystal structure of the transmembrane core domain of an S2P metalloprotease from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. The protease consists of six transmembrane segments, with the catalytic zinc atom coordinated by two histidine residues and one aspartate residue approximately 14 angstroms into the lipid membrane surface. The protease exhibits two distinct conformations in the crystals. In the closed conformation, the active site is surrounded by transmembrane helices and is impermeable to substrate peptide; water molecules gain access to zinc through a polar, central channel that opens to the cytosolic side. In the open conformation, transmembrane helices alpha1 and alpha6 separate from each other by 10 to 12 angstroms, exposing the active site to substrate entry. The structure reveals how zinc embedded in an integral membrane protein can catalyze peptide cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Liang -- Yan, Hanchi -- Wu, Zhuoru -- Yan, Nieng -- Wang, Zhe -- Jeffrey, Philip D -- Shi, Yigong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1608-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Metalloendopeptidases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Methanococcus/*enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Water ; Zinc/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Crystal structure of inhibitor-bound human 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Leukotrienes are proinflammatory products of arachidonic acid oxidation by 5-lipoxygenase that have been shown to be involved in respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The integral membrane protein FLAP is essential for leukotriene biosynthesis. We describe the x-ray crystal structures of human FLAP in complex with two leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors at 4.0 and 4.2 angstrom resolution, respectively. The structures show that inhibitors bind in membrane-embedded pockets of FLAP, which suggests how these inhibitors prevent arachidonic acid from binding to FLAP and subsequently being transferred to 5-lipoxygenase, thereby preventing leukotriene biosynthesis. This structural information provides a platform for the development of therapeutics for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferguson, Andrew D -- McKeever, Brian M -- Xu, Shihua -- Wisniewski, Douglas -- Miller, Douglas K -- Yamin, Ting-Ting -- Spencer, Robert H -- Chu, Lin -- Ujjainwalla, Feroze -- Cunningham, Barry R -- Evans, Jilly F -- Becker, Joseph W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):510-2. Epub 2007 Jun 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/metabolism ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Indoles/*chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Envelope/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Quinolines/*chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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