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  • 1
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    Complex intestinal bacterial communities in three species of planorbid snails (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: The intestinal microbiota of animals play an important role in their energy metabolism and resistance to pathogens, and thus in maintenance of animals in their environment. We surveyed the intestinal microbiota of three species of Planorbidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Cultivation-independent molecular methods were used to investigate the community composition of intestinal bacteria from individual snails: three Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Africa), two Bulinus africanus (Africa) and three Helisoma duryi (North America). PCR amplification and sequencing of 612 bacterial 16S rRNA genes yielded 282 unique DNA sequences (97% sequence similarity) among the eight individual snails sampled. The observed bacterial diversity was distributed over 18 phyla, with the greatest number of 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from the Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. These results document the presence of highly diverse gut bacterial communities in three snail species and indicate the need for additional study to determine the roles that gut microbes play in the physiology and immunology of planorbid snails.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Dual positive and negative regulation of wingless signaling by adenomatous polyposis coli (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: The evolutionarily conserved Wnt/Wingless signal transduction pathway directs cell proliferation, cell fate, and cell death during development in metazoans and is inappropriately activated in several types of cancer. The majority of colorectal carcinomas contain truncating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor, a negative regulator of Wnt/Wingless signaling. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila Apc homologs also have an activating role in both physiological and ectopic Wingless signaling. The Apc amino terminus is important for its activating function, whereas the beta-catenin binding sites are dispensable. Apc likely promotes Wingless transduction through down-regulation of Axin, a negative regulator of Wingless signaling. Given the evolutionary conservation of APC in Wnt signal transduction, an activating role may also be present in vertebrates with relevance to development and cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takacs, Carter M -- Baird, Jason R -- Hughes, Edward G -- Kent, Sierra S -- Benchabane, Hassina -- Paik, Raehum -- Ahmed, Yashi -- KO8CA078532/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA105038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1151232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Armadillo Domain Proteins/metabolism ; Axin Protein ; Binding Sites ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Drosophila/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Insect ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Wings, Animal/growth & development/metabolism ; Wnt1 Protein
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Nanog, Pou5f1 and SoxB1 activate zygotic gene expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: After fertilization, maternal factors direct development and trigger zygotic genome activation (ZGA) at the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). In zebrafish, ZGA is required for gastrulation and clearance of maternal messenger RNAs, which is in part regulated by the conserved microRNA miR-430. However, the factors that activate the zygotic program in vertebrates are unknown. Here we show that Nanog, Pou5f1 (also called Oct4) and SoxB1 regulate zygotic gene activation in zebrafish. We identified several hundred genes directly activated by maternal factors, constituting the first wave of zygotic transcription. Ribosome profiling revealed that nanog, sox19b and pou5f1 are the most highly translated transcription factors pre-MZT. Combined loss of these factors resulted in developmental arrest before gastrulation and a failure to activate 〉75% of zygotic genes, including miR-430. Our results demonstrate that maternal Nanog, Pou5f1 and SoxB1 are required to initiate the zygotic developmental program and induce clearance of the maternal program by activating miR-430 expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925760/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925760/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Miler T -- Bonneau, Ashley R -- Takacs, Carter M -- Bazzini, Ariel A -- DiVito, Kate R -- Fleming, Elizabeth S -- Giraldez, Antonio J -- F32 HD061194/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD071697/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32HD061194-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- F32HD071697-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081602/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM103789/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD074078/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01GM081602-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM103789-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HD074078-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007499/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 21;503(7476):360-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12632. Epub 2013 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24056933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/*metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Mothers ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Ribosomes/genetics ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Zebrafish/*embryology/*genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/*metabolism ; Zygote/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Estimating metazoan divergence times with a molecular clock (2004)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-14
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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