Publication Date:
2008-09-06
Description:
Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that 13 substitutions clustered in an 81-base pair module otherwise highly constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer the human-specific limb expression domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Visel, Axel -- Akiyama, Jennifer A -- Shoukry, Malak -- Lewis, Keith D -- Holt, Amy -- Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid -- Morrison, Harris -- Fitzpatrick, David R -- Afzal, Veena -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Rubin, Edward M -- Noonan, James P -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1346-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1159974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Base Sequence
;
Binding Sites
;
Body Patterning/*genetics
;
Conserved Sequence
;
Embryonic Development
;
*Enhancer Elements, Genetic
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
Extremities/*embryology
;
Gene Expression Profiling
;
*Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
;
Humans
;
Limb Buds/embryology/metabolism
;
Macaca mulatta/genetics
;
Mice
;
Mice, Transgenic
;
Molecular Sequence Data
;
Mutation
;
PAX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism
;
Pan troglodytes/genetics
;
Selection, Genetic
;
Transcription Factors/metabolism
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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