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  • 1
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    Reprogramming IgH isotype-switched B cells [Immunology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-22
    Description: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be formed from somatic cells by a defined set of genetic factors; however, aberrant epigenetic silencing of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 gene cluster often hinders their developmental potency and ability to contribute to high-grade chimerism in mice. Here, we describe an approach that allows splenic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Digital interferometer with single atoms [Physics] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: Engineering quantum particle systems, such as quantum simulators and quantum cellular automata, relies on full coherent control of quantum paths at the single particle level. Here we present an atom interferometer operating with single trapped atoms, where single particle wave packets are controlled through spin-dependent potentials. The interferometer is constructed from a sequence of discrete operations based on a set of elementary building blocks, which permit composing arbitrary interferometer geometries in a digital manner. We use this modularity to devise a space-time analogue of the well-known spin echo technique, yielding insight into decoherence mechanisms. We also demonstrate mesoscopic delocalization of single atoms with a separation-to-localization ratio exceeding 500; this result suggests their utilization beyond quantum logic applications as nano-resolution quantum probes in precision measurements, being able to measure potential gradients with precision 5 × 10-4 in units of gravitational acceleration g.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Applicability of Metals as Liner Materials for Ammonoacidic Crystal Growth (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: The ammonoacidic crystal growth allows industrial production of bulk semiconductor materials like gallium nitride as a widely known material for applications in photonics. A limitation of this process is strong corrosion of the growth autoclave which consequently leads to high impurity density in grown crystals, even if the autoclave is partly lined with state-of-the-art systems. Innovative metallic liner technologies are evaluated which allow a complete lining of the autoclave and peripheral parts. In this way, bridging the gap between fundamental research regarding the corrosive degeneration of possible liner materials and the implementation of novel lined autoclaves for improved growth conditions. Screening tests to find suitable materials and evaluate its potential for development of a liner technology are described. Ammonothermal reactors mainly consist of nickel base alloys. Despite their corrosion resistance, substantial degeneration of the alloys especially under ammonoacidic conditions occurs. Screening tests demonstrate that galvanic noble metal coatings possess high potential as cost-effective liner technique for passivation of the complete autoclave including peripheral parts like sealing parts.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    SrBa2(NH2)6: A New Ternary Amide from Ammonothermal Synthesis (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-26
    Description: Single crystals of SrBa 2 (NH 2 ) 6 were obtained from the reaction of barium and strontium metal under ammonothermal conditions at a pressure of 180 MPa and a temperature of 573 K. The crystal structure [ a = 6.395(2) Å, b = 7.195(2) Å, c = 10.471(2) Å, β = 97.99(2)°, Z = 2, V = 477.13(2) Å 3 , P 2 1 / n ] contains Ba in sevenfold and Sr in octahedral coordination by amide ions, similar to the enviroments of these metal ions in the binary amides. Further, IR and Raman data are reported.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Ammonothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Li4[Zn(NH2)4](NH2)2 (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: Single crystals of Li 4 [Zn(NH 2 ) 4 ](NH 2 ) 2 were obtained from Li and Zn under ammonothermal conditions (723 K and 1.58 kbar). Li 4 [Zn(NH 2 ) 4 ](NH 2 ) 2 ( C 222 1 , a = 5.0005(3) Å, b = 15.5410(8) Å, c = 10.0712(5) Å, Z = 4) represents a new possible intermediate in a conceivable ammonothermal synthesis of the semiconductor Zn 3 N 2 . Single crystal X-ray diffraction results, thermal analysis, Raman and IR spectra of tetralithium tetraamido zincate diamide are provided and discussed. Crystal structure data justify a description as CaF 2 superstructure variant. Large distances in the crystal structure as well as the intensity and half-width of the bands in Raman and IR spectra indicate the absence of significant hydrogen bonds. Upon heating Li 4 [Zn(NH 2 ) 4 ](NH 2 ) 2 decomposes via intermediate formation of LiZnN, LiNH 2 and Li 2 (NH) to finally provide pure Zn.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    Long-range joining of intrachromosomal DNA breaks [Immunology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-19
    Description: Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes joins two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lying 100–200 kb apart within switch (S) regions in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IgH). CSR-activated B lymphocytes generate multiple S-region DSBs in the donor Sμ and in a downstream acceptor S region, with a DSB in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    Bypass of DNA lesions generated during anticancer treatment with cisplatin by DNA polymerase eta (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta) is a eukaryotic lesion bypass polymerase that helps organisms to survive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and tumor cells to gain resistance against cisplatin-based chemotherapy. It allows cells to replicate across cross-link lesions such as 1,2-d(GpG) cisplatin adducts (Pt-GG) and UV-induced cis-syn thymine dimers. We present structural and biochemical analysis of how Pol eta copies Pt-GG-containing DNA. The damaged DNA is bound in an open DNA binding rim. Nucleotidyl transfer requires the DNA to rotate into an active conformation, driven by hydrogen bonding of the templating base to the dNTP. For the 3'dG of the Pt-GG, this step is accomplished by a Watson-Crick base pair to dCTP and is biochemically efficient and accurate. In contrast, bypass of the 5'dG of the Pt-GG is less efficient and promiscuous for dCTP and dATP as a result of the presence of the rigid Pt cross-link. Our analysis reveals the set of structural features that enable Pol eta to replicate across strongly distorting DNA lesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alt, Aaron -- Lammens, Katja -- Chiocchini, Claudia -- Lammens, Alfred -- Pieck, J Carsten -- Kuch, David -- Hopfner, Karl-Peter -- Carell, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):967-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS), Ludwig Maximilians University, D-81377 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Cisplatin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Adducts/chemistry/*metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    NF-AT-Driven interleukin-4 transcription potentiated by NIP45 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: The induction of cytokine gene transcription is mediated in part by the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT). Factors involved in the mechanisms of NF-AT-mediated transcription are not well understood. A nuclear factor that interacted with the Rel homology domain (RHD) of NF-ATp was identified with the use of a two-hybrid interaction trap. Designated NIP45 (NF-AT interacting protein), it has minimal similarity to any known genes. Transcripts encoding this factor were enriched in lymphoid tissues and testes. NIP45 synergized with NF-ATp and the proto-oncogene c-Maf to activate the interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine promoter; transient overexpression of NIP45 with NF-ATp and c-maf in B lymphoma cells induced measurable endogenous IL-4 protein production. The identification of NIP45 advances our understanding of gene activation of cytokines, critical mediators of the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodge, M R -- Chun, H J -- Rengarajan, J -- Alt, A -- Lieberson, R -- Glimcher, L H -- AI37833/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1903-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/*genetics ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spleen/metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Cover Picture: Ammonothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Cs2[Zn(NH2)4] (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 21/2016) (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-01
    Description: The cover picture shows the [Zn(NH 2 ) 4 ] 2− ion in front of a several cm large crystal aggregate of Cs 2 [Zn(NH 2 ) 4 ] obtained from supercritical ammonia in a temperature gradient. Such compounds are speculated to serve as soluble intermediates in a conceivable ammonothermal growth of zinc nitride crystals under ammonobasic conditions, as similar appears in the ammonothermal GaN crystal growth. More details can be found in the article by Rainer Niewa et al on page 1207 ff .
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Electro discharge machining - a suitable fabrication process for high pressure / high temperature equipment (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Electro discharge machining (EDM) is an important manufacturing process for hard-to-cut-materials like nickel based alloys, e.g. alloy 718. Its high yield strength at high temperature makes it suitable as material for manufacturing of pressure vessels for high pressure / high temperature applications, in particular for ammonothermal pressure vessels. This report first summarizes the relationship between microstructure and properties of alloy 718 for practitioners. Second, it focuses on the metallographic description of alloy 718 surfaces proceeded by EDM and its behavior during use as equipment for ammonoacidic systems. Furthermore, this article includes the finding of suitable post processing, namely honing, to achieve high stability of the surface at high pressure atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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