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  • Female  (378)
  • Mice  (330)
  • Mutation  (126)
  • Amino Acid Sequence  (96)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (806)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2010-2014  (806)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2013  (369)
  • 2011  (437)
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  • 2010-2014  (806)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Genetic future for Florida panthers (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Phil -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1744; author reply 1744. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1744-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Florida ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Population Density ; Puma/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Texas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    The social sense: susceptibility to others' beliefs in human infants and adults (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Human social interactions crucially depend on the ability to represent other agents' beliefs even when these contradict our own beliefs, leading to the potentially complex problem of simultaneously holding two conflicting representations in mind. Here, we show that adults and 7-month-olds automatically encode others' beliefs, and that, surprisingly, others' beliefs have similar effects as the participants' own beliefs. In a visual object detection task, participants' beliefs and the beliefs of an agent (whose beliefs were irrelevant to performing the task) both modulated adults' reaction times and infants' looking times. Moreover, the agent's beliefs influenced participants' behavior even after the agent had left the scene, suggesting that participants computed the agent's beliefs online and sustained them, possibly for future predictions about the agent's behavior. Hence, the mere presence of an agent automatically triggers powerful processes of belief computation that may be part of a "social sense" crucial to human societies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovacs, Agnes Melinda -- Teglas, Erno -- Endress, Ansgar Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1830-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1190792.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1132 Budapest, Hungary. agneskovacs@mtapi.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Reaction Time ; *Social Perception ; *Theory of Mind ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Fatty acids identified in the Burmese python promote beneficial cardiac growth (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-29
    Description: Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riquelme, Cecilia A -- Magida, Jason A -- Harrison, Brooke C -- Wall, Christopher E -- Marr, Thomas G -- Secor, Stephen M -- Leinwand, Leslie A -- 5K01AR055676/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HL050560/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K01 AR055676/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):528-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1210558.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biological Transport ; Boidae/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology ; Cardiomegaly ; Cell Size ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/blood/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*growth & development ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Myristic Acids/blood/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Palmitic Acid/blood/pharmacology ; Postprandial Period ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 4
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    Demography. China's population growing slowly, changing fast (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 6;332(6030):650-1. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6030.650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate/trends ; Censuses ; China ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data/trends
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Perceived predation risk reduces the number of offspring songbirds produce per year (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey's perception of predation risk, but this has not been thought to meaningfully affect prey demography. We isolated the effects of perceived predation risk in a free-living population of song sparrows by actively eliminating direct predation and used playbacks of predator calls and sounds to manipulate perceived risk. We found that the perception of predation risk alone reduced the number of offspring produced per year by 40%. Our results suggest that the perception of predation risk is itself powerful enough to affect wildlife population dynamics, and should thus be given greater consideration in vertebrate conservation and management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanette, Liana Y -- White, Aija F -- Allen, Marek C -- Clinchy, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1398-401. doi: 10.1126/science.1210908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada. lzanette@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fear ; Female ; Male ; Nesting Behavior ; Oviposition ; Perception ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Risk ; Seasons ; Sparrows/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    9 billion? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):540-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Parity ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Influence of inositol pyrophosphates on cellular energy dynamics (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: With its high-energy phosphate bonds, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main intracellular energy carrier. It also functions in most signaling pathways, as a phosphate donor or a precursor for cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We show here that inositol pyrophosphates participate in the control of intracellular ATP concentration. Yeasts devoid of inositol pyrophosphates have dysfunctional mitochondria but, paradoxically, contain four times as much ATP because of increased glycolysis. We demonstrate that inositol pyrophosphates control the activity of the major glycolytic transcription factor GCR1. Thus, inositol pyrophosphates regulate ATP concentration by altering the glycolytic/mitochondrial metabolic ratio. Metabolic reprogramming through inositol pyrophosphates is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that is also preserved in mammalian systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szijgyarto, Zsolt -- Garedew, Assegid -- Azevedo, Cristina -- Saiardi, Adolfo -- G1001704/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U122680443/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/10/72/28449/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):802-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1211908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis/genetics ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mutation ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Following the crowd: brain substrates of long-term memory conformity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: Human memory is strikingly susceptible to social influences, yet we know little about the underlying mechanisms. We examined how socially induced memory errors are generated in the brain by studying the memory of individuals exposed to recollections of others. Participants exhibited a strong tendency to conform to erroneous recollections of the group, producing both long-lasting and temporary errors, even when their initial memory was strong and accurate. Functional brain imaging revealed that social influence modified the neuronal representation of memory. Specifically, a particular brain signature of enhanced amygdala activity and enhanced amygdala-hippocampus connectivity predicted long-lasting but not temporary memory alterations. Our findings reveal how social manipulation can alter memory and extend the known functions of the amygdala to encompass socially mediated memory distortions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284232/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edelson, Micah -- Sharot, Tali -- Dolan, Raymond J -- Dudai, Yadin -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):108-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1203557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. micah.edelson@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Recall ; Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Clr4/Suv39 and RNA quality control factors cooperate to trigger RNAi and suppress antisense RNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: Pervasive transcription of eukaryotic genomes generates a plethora of noncoding RNAs. In fission yeast, the heterochromatin factor Clr4/Suv39 methyltransferase facilitates RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated processing of centromeric transcripts into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Clr4 also mediates degradation of antisense RNAs at euchromatic loci, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. We show that Clr4 and the RNAi effector RITS (RNA-induced transcriptional silencing) interact with Mlo3, a protein related to mRNA quality control and export factors. Loss of Clr4 impairs RITS interaction with Mlo3, which is required for centromeric siRNA production and antisense suppression. Mlo3 also interacts with the RNA surveillance factor TRAMP, which suppresses antisense RNAs targeted by Clr4 and RNAi. These findings link Clr4 to RNA quality control machinery and suggest a pathway for processing potentially deleterious RNAs through the coordinated actions of RNAi and other RNA processing activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ke -- Fischer, Tamas -- Porter, Rebecca L -- Dhakshnamoorthy, Jothy -- Zofall, Martin -- Zhou, Ming -- Veenstra, Timothy -- Grewal, Shiv I S -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1624-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1198712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Centromere/metabolism ; Euchromatin/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Antisense/*metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/*metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: structural evidence in Drosophila (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: The functions of sleep remain elusive, but a strong link exists between sleep need and neuronal plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that plastic processes during wake lead to a net increase in synaptic strength and sleep is necessary for synaptic renormalization. We found that, in three Drosophila neuronal circuits, synapse size or number increases after a few hours of wake and decreases only if flies are allowed to sleep. A richer wake experience resulted in both larger synaptic growth and greater sleep need. Finally, we demonstrate that the gene Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) plays an important role in sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128387/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushey, Daniel -- Tononi, Giulio -- Cirelli, Chiara -- DP1 OD000579/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000579-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075315-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1576-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1202839.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/*genetics/physiology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mushroom Bodies/cytology/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Neuropeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Association of TALS developmental disorder with defect in minor splicing component U4atac snRNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: The spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes proteins and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), catalyzes RNA splicing through intron excision and exon ligation to produce mature messenger RNAs, which, in turn serve as templates for protein translation. We identified four point mutations in the U4atac snRNA component of the minor spliceosome in patients with brain and bone malformations and unexplained postnatal death [microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD 1) or Taybi-Linder syndrome (TALS); Mendelian Inheritance in Man ID no. 210710]. Expression of a subgroup of genes, possibly linked to the disease phenotype, and minor intron splicing were affected in cell lines derived from TALS patients. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role of the minor spliceosome component U4atac snRNA in early human development and postnatal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edery, Patrick -- Marcaillou, Charles -- Sahbatou, Mourad -- Labalme, Audrey -- Chastang, Joelle -- Touraine, Renaud -- Tubacher, Emmanuel -- Senni, Faiza -- Bober, Michael B -- Nampoothiri, Sheela -- Jouk, Pierre-Simon -- Steichen, Elisabeth -- Berland, Siren -- Toutain, Annick -- Wise, Carol A -- Sanlaville, Damien -- Rousseau, Francis -- Clerget-Darpoux, Francoise -- Leutenegger, Anne-Louise -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1202205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogenetique Constitutionnelle, Bron, F-69677, France. patrick.edery@chu-lyon.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Dwarfism/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Introns ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Male ; Microcephaly/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics/metabolism ; Pedigree ; *Point Mutation ; RNA Splice Sites ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Predicting a human gut microbiota's response to diet in gnotobiotic mice (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: The interrelationships between our diets and the structure and operations of our gut microbial communities are poorly understood. A model community of 10 sequenced human gut bacteria was introduced into gnotobiotic mice, and changes in species abundance and microbial gene expression were measured in response to randomized perturbations of four defined ingredients in the host diet. From the responses, we developed a statistical model that predicted over 60% of the variation in species abundance evoked by diet perturbations, and we were able to identify which factors in the diet best explained changes seen for each community member. The approach is generally applicable, as shown by a follow-up study involving diets containing various mixtures of pureed human baby foods.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303606/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303606/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faith, Jeremiah J -- McNulty, Nathan P -- Rey, Federico E -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292-31/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):101-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1206025. Epub 2011 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides/genetics/physiology ; Biomass ; Caseins/administration & dosage ; Desulfovibrio/genetics/physiology ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage ; Escherichia coli/genetics/physiology ; Feces/*microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Germ-Free Life ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/*physiology ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Linear Models ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Interconversion between intestinal stem cell populations in distinct niches (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: Intestinal epithelial stem cell identity and location have been the subject of substantial research. Cells in the +4 niche are slow-cycling and label-retaining, whereas a different stem cell niche located at the crypt base is occupied by crypt base columnar (CBC) cells. CBCs are distinct from +4 cells, and the relationship between them is unknown, though both give rise to all intestinal epithelial lineages. We demonstrate that Hopx, an atypical homeobox protein, is a specific marker of +4 cells. Hopx-expressing cells give rise to CBCs and all mature intestinal epithelial lineages. Conversely, CBCs can give rise to +4 Hopx-positive cells. These findings demonstrate a bidirectional lineage relationship between active and quiescent stem cells in their niches.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Norifumi -- Jain, Rajan -- LeBoeuf, Matthew R -- Wang, Qiaohong -- Lu, Min Min -- Epstein, Jonathan A -- R01 HL071546/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100405/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1420-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1213214. Epub 2011 Nov 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Homeodomain Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Intestinal Mucosa/*cytology/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Paneth Cells/cytology ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Tamoxifen/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Cerebellum shapes hippocampal spatial code (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: Spatial representation is an active process that requires complex multimodal integration from a large interacting network of cortical and subcortical structures. We sought to determine the role of cerebellar protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent plasticity in spatial navigation by recording the activity of hippocampal place cells in transgenic L7PKCI mice with selective disruption of PKC-dependent plasticity at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Place cell properties were exclusively impaired when L7PKCI mice had to rely on self-motion cues. The behavioral consequence of such a deficit is evidenced here by selectively impaired navigation capabilities during a path integration task. Together, these results suggest that cerebellar PKC-dependent mechanisms are involved in processing self-motion signals essential to the shaping of hippocampal spatial representation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rochefort, Christelle -- Arabo, Arnaud -- Andre, Marion -- Poucet, Bruno -- Save, Etienne -- Rondi-Reig, Laure -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):385-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiologie des Processus Adaptatifs (UMR 7102), Navigation, Memory, and Aging (ENMVI) Team, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F-75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology/*physiology ; Cerebellum/enzymology/*physiology ; Cues ; Darkness ; *Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Motor Activity ; *Orientation ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Molecular biology. Demystifying DNA demethylation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabel, Christopher S -- Kohli, Rahul M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1229-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1211917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Thymine DNA Glycosylase/metabolism
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  • 16
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    Embryological evidence identifies wing digits in birds as digits 1, 2, and 3 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: The identities of the digits of the avian forelimb are disputed. Whereas paleontological findings support the position that the digits correspond to digits one, two, and three, embryological evidence points to digit two, three, and four identities. By using transplantation and cell-labeling experiments, we found that the posteriormost digit in the wing does not correspond to digit four in the hindlimb; its progenitor segregates early from the zone of polarizing activity, placing it in the domain of digit three specification. We suggest that an avian-specific shift uncouples the digit anlagen from the molecular mechanisms that pattern them, resulting in the imposition of digit one, two, and three identities on the second, third, and fourth anlagens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamura, Koji -- Nomura, Naoki -- Seki, Ryohei -- Yonei-Tamura, Sayuri -- Yokoyama, Hitoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):753-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1198229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. tam@m.tohoku.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chick Embryo/*embryology ; Coturnix/*embryology ; Forelimb/embryology/transplantation ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Hindlimb/embryology/transplantation ; Limb Buds/embryology ; Mice ; Signal Transduction ; Toes/embryology ; Wings, Animal/*embryology
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    Anthropology. The deep social structure of humankind (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapais, Bernard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1203281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. bernard.chapais@umontreal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; *Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Pan paniscus ; Pan troglodytes ; *Population Groups ; *Residence Characteristics ; *Social Behavior
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  • 18
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    Development of transgenic fungi that kill human malaria parasites in mosquitoes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Metarhizium anisopliae infects mosquitoes through the cuticle and proliferates in the hemolymph. To allow M. anisopliae to combat malaria in mosquitoes with advanced malaria infections, we produced recombinant strains expressing molecules that target sporozoites as they travel through the hemolymph to the salivary glands. Eleven days after a Plasmodium-infected blood meal, mosquitoes were treated with M. anisopliae expressing salivary gland and midgut peptide 1 (SM1), which blocks attachment of sporozoites to salivary glands; a single-chain antibody that agglutinates sporozoites; or scorpine, which is an antimicrobial toxin. These reduced sporozoite counts by 71%, 85%, and 90%, respectively. M. anisopliae expressing scorpine and an [SM1](8):scorpine fusion protein reduced sporozoite counts by 98%, suggesting that Metarhizium-mediated inhibition of Plasmodium development could be a powerful weapon for combating malaria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fang, Weiguo -- Vega-Rodriguez, Joel -- Ghosh, Anil K -- Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo -- Kang, Angray -- St Leger, Raymond J -- 5R21A1079429-02/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI031478/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI079429/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1074-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Defensins/genetics/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Hemolymph/metabolism/microbiology/parasitology ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Metarhizium/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/genetics/metabolism ; Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/*physiology ; Protozoan Proteins/immunology ; Salivary Glands/metabolism/parasitology ; Spores, Fungal/physiology ; Sporozoites/physiology ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
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  • 19
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    Experimental evidence supports a sex-specific selective sieve in mitochondrial genome evolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: Mitochondria are maternally transmitted; hence, their genome can only make a direct and adaptive response to selection through females, whereas males represent an evolutionary dead end. In theory, this creates a sex-specific selective sieve, enabling deleterious mutations to accumulate in mitochondrial genomes if they exert male-specific effects. We tested this hypothesis, expressing five mitochondrial variants alongside a standard nuclear genome in Drosophila melanogaster, and found striking sexual asymmetry in patterns of nuclear gene expression. Mitochondrial polymorphism had few effects on nuclear gene expression in females but major effects in males, modifying nearly 10% of transcripts. These were mostly male-biased in expression, with enrichment hotspots in the testes and accessory glands. Our results suggest an evolutionary mechanism that results in mitochondrial genomes harboring male-specific mutation loads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Innocenti, Paolo -- Morrow, Edward H -- Dowling, Damian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):845-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201157.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18-D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Fitness ; *Genome, Insect ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Male ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 20
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    Cell biology. Rhodopsin as thermosensor? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minke, Baruch -- Peters, Maximilian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1272-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1203482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. baruchm@ekmd.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Light ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/physiology ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism ; Temperature ; *Thermosensing
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  • 21
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    Noncanonical TGFbeta signaling contributes to aortic aneurysm progression in Marfan syndrome mice (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling drives aneurysm progression in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome (MFS), and therapies that inhibit this signaling cascade are in clinical trials. TGFbeta can stimulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, but it is unclear which of these pathways drives aortic disease and, when inhibited, which result in disease amelioration. Here we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 and Smad2 are activated in a mouse model of MFS, and both are inhibited by therapies directed against TGFbeta. Whereas selective inhibition of ERK1/2 activation ameliorated aortic growth, Smad4 deficiency exacerbated aortic disease and caused premature death in MFS mice. Smad4-deficient MFS mice uniquely showed activation of Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1), and a JNK antagonist ameliorated aortic growth in MFS mice that lacked or retained full Smad4 expression. Thus, noncanonical (Smad-independent) TGFbeta signaling is a prominent driver of aortic disease in MFS mice, and inhibition of the ERK1/2 or JNK1 pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy for the disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holm, Tammy M -- Habashi, Jennifer P -- Doyle, Jefferson J -- Bedja, Djahida -- Chen, YiChun -- van Erp, Christel -- Lindsay, Mark E -- Kim, David -- Schoenhoff, Florian -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Thomas, Craig J -- Patnaik, Samarjit -- Marugan, Juan J -- Judge, Daniel P -- Dietz, Harry C -- P01 AR049698/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR049698-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135-12/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR041135-17/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):358-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1192149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthracenes/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Diphenylamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme Activation ; Losartan/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Marfan Syndrome/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Smad2 Protein/metabolism ; Smad4 Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
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  • 22
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    Cancer. New epigenetic drivers of cancers (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elsasser, Simon J -- Allis, C David -- Lewis, Peter W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1145-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1203280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/genetics ; DNA Helicases/*genetics/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/*genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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    AIDS: let science inform policy (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):13. doi: 10.1126/science.1209751.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug ; therapy/economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Expenditures ; *Health Policy/economics ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics/prevention & control
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  • 24
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    Molecular biology. Time-lapse transcription (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nair, Gautham -- Raj, Arjun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):431-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1205995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, Fungal ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Stochastic Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Yeasts/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: The growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has been implicated in embryonic development, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, and inflammation, but its receptors remain unidentified. We report that PGRN bound directly to tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and disturbed the TNFalpha-TNFR interaction. PGRN-deficient mice were susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis, and administration of PGRN reversed inflammatory arthritis. Atsttrin, an engineered protein composed of three PGRN fragments, exhibited selective TNFR binding. PGRN and Atsttrin prevented inflammation in multiple arthritis mouse models and inhibited TNFalpha-activated intracellular signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGRN is a ligand of TNFR, an antagonist of TNFalpha signaling, and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis in mice. They also suggest new potential therapeutic interventions for various TNFalpha-mediated pathologies and conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104397/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104397/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Wei -- Lu, Yi -- Tian, Qing-Yun -- Zhang, Yan -- Guo, Feng-Jin -- Liu, Guang-Yi -- Syed, Nabeel Muzaffar -- Lai, Yongjie -- Lin, Edward Alan -- Kong, Li -- Su, Jeffrey -- Yin, Fangfang -- Ding, Ai-Hao -- Zanin-Zhorov, Alexandra -- Dustin, Michael L -- Tao, Jian -- Craft, Joseph -- Yin, Zhinan -- Feng, Jian Q -- Abramson, Steven B -- Yu, Xiu-Ping -- Liu, Chuan-ju -- AI43542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR040072/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR050620/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR053210/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM061710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030165/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI030165-20/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061710/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061710-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):478-84. doi: 10.1126/science.1199214. Epub 2011 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/*immunology/pathology/physiopathology ; Cartilage, Articular/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Ligands ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology/physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A circadian rhythm orchestrated by histone deacetylase 3 controls hepatic lipid metabolism (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: Disruption of the circadian clock exacerbates metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. We show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) recruitment to the genome displays a circadian rhythm in mouse liver. Histone acetylation is inversely related to HDAC3 binding, and this rhythm is lost when HDAC3 is absent. Although amounts of HDAC3 are constant, its genomic recruitment in liver corresponds to the expression pattern of the circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbalpha. Rev-erbalpha colocalizes with HDAC3 near genes regulating lipid metabolism, and deletion of HDAC3 or Rev-erbalpha in mouse liver causes hepatic steatosis. Thus, genomic recruitment of HDAC3 by Rev-erbalpha directs a circadian rhythm of histone acetylation and gene expression required for normal hepatic lipid homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389392/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389392/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Dan -- Liu, Tao -- Sun, Zheng -- Bugge, Anne -- Mullican, Shannon E -- Alenghat, Theresa -- Liu, X Shirley -- Lazar, Mitchell A -- DK19525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK43806/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK45586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK49210/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HG4069/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK019525/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK045586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK043806/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK043806-20/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC1 DK086239/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC1DK08623/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1315-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1198125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chronobiology Disorders/genetics/metabolism ; *Circadian Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; DNA/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fatty Liver/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genome ; Histone Deacetylases/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis/genetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: Neural circuits regulate cytokine production to prevent potentially damaging inflammation. A prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in spleen by a mechanism requiring acetylcholine signaling through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on cytokine-producing macrophages. Nerve fibers in spleen lack the enzymatic machinery necessary for acetylcholine production; therefore, how does this neural circuit terminate in cholinergic signaling? We identified an acetylcholine-producing, memory phenotype T cell population in mice that is integral to the inflammatory reflex. These acetylcholine-producing T cells are required for inhibition of cytokine production by vagus nerve stimulation. Thus, action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate T cells, which in turn produce the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, required to control innate immune responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosas-Ballina, Mauricio -- Olofsson, Peder S -- Ochani, Mahendar -- Valdes-Ferrer, Sergio I -- Levine, Yaakov A -- Reardon, Colin -- Tusche, Michael W -- Pavlov, Valentin A -- Andersson, Ulf -- Chavan, Sangeeta -- Mak, Tak W -- Tracey, Kevin J -- R01 GM057226/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):98-101. doi: 10.1126/science.1209985. Epub 2011 Sep 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21921156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*biosynthesis ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Cholinergic Agents/metabolism ; Female ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Memory ; Inflammation ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; *Neuroimmunomodulation ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology/innervation/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
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    Spatial coupling of mTOR and autophagy augments secretory phenotypes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Protein synthesis and autophagic degradation are regulated in an opposite manner by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas under certain conditions it would be beneficial if they occurred in unison to handle rapid protein turnover. We observed a distinct cellular compartment at the trans side of the Golgi apparatus, the TOR-autophagy spatial coupling compartment (TASCC), where (auto)lysosomes and mTOR accumulated during Ras-induced senescence. mTOR recruitment to the TASCC was amino acid- and Rag guanosine triphosphatase-dependent, and disruption of mTOR localization to the TASCC suppressed interleukin-6/8 synthesis. TASCC formation was observed during macrophage differentiation and in glomerular podocytes; both displayed increased protein secretion. The spatial coupling of cells' catabolic and anabolic machinery could augment their respective functions and facilitate the mass synthesis of secretory proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426290/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3426290/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narita, Masako -- Young, Andrew R J -- Arakawa, Satoko -- Samarajiwa, Shamith A -- Nakashima, Takayuki -- Yoshida, Sei -- Hong, Sungki -- Berry, Lorraine S -- Reichelt, Stefanie -- Ferreira, Manuela -- Tavare, Simon -- Inoki, Ken -- Shimizu, Shigeomi -- Narita, Masashi -- DK083491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK083491/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK083491-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):966-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1205407. Epub 2011 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute (CRI), Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; *Autophagy ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ultrastructure ; Genes, ras ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Phagosomes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Phenotype ; Podocytes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*secretion ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism/ultrastructure
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    Ecology. The world through a bat's ear (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fenton, M Brock -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):528-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209933.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. bfenton@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; *Echolocation ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Flowers ; Insects ; Male ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Plant Nectar ; Sensation ; Sound
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    Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA plays an important role in gene expression, genomic imprinting, and suppression of transposable elements. 5mC can be converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) proteins. Here, we show that, in addition to 5hmC, the Tet proteins can generate 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) from 5mC in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal the presence of 5fC and 5caC in genomic DNA of mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse organs. The genomic content of 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC can be increased or reduced through overexpression or depletion of Tet proteins. Thus, we identify two previously unknown cytosine derivatives in genomic DNA as the products of Tet proteins. Our study raises the possibility that DNA demethylation may occur through Tet-catalyzed oxidation followed by decarboxylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495246/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495246/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Shinsuke -- Shen, Li -- Dai, Qing -- Wu, Susan C -- Collins, Leonard B -- Swenberg, James A -- He, Chuan -- Zhang, Yi -- GM071440/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM68804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30 ES010126-11/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES10126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES005948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES005948-17/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES5948/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 DK089565/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1300-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1210597. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
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    Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by infections with intracellular parasites of the Leishmania Viannia subgenus, including Leishmania guyanensis. The pathology develops after parasite dissemination to nasopharyngeal tissues, where destructive metastatic lesions form with chronic inflammation. Currently, the mechanisms involved in lesion development are poorly understood. Here we show that metastasizing parasites have a high Leishmania RNA virus-1 (LRV1) burden that is recognized by the host Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to induce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Paradoxically, these TLR3-mediated immune responses rendered mice more susceptible to infection, and the animals developed an increased footpad swelling and parasitemia. Thus, LRV1 in the metastasizing parasites subverted the host immune response to Leishmania and promoted parasite persistence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253482/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253482/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Annette -- Ronet, Catherine -- Prevel, Florence -- Ruzzante, Giulia -- Fuertes-Marraco, Silvia -- Schutz, Frederic -- Zangger, Haroun -- Revaz-Breton, Melanie -- Lye, Lon-Fye -- Hickerson, Suzanne M -- Beverley, Stephen M -- Acha-Orbea, Hans -- Launois, Pascal -- Fasel, Nicolas -- Masina, Slavica -- A129646/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI029646/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI029646-23/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):775-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1199326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemokines/*metabolism ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Leishmania guyanensis/*pathogenicity/*virology ; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/*immunology/parasitology ; Leishmaniavirus/*immunology/physiology ; Macrophages/immunology/parasitology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Parasitemia ; Phagosomes/parasitology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology ; RNA, Viral/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cancer. Priming cancer cells for death (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reed, John C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1075-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1215568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. jreed@sanfordburnham.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Apoptosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*physiopathology
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    The intraepithelial T cell response to NKG2D-ligands links lymphoid stress surveillance to atopy (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Epithelial cells respond to physicochemical damage with up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex-like ligands that can activate the cytolytic potential of neighboring intraepithelial T cells by binding the activating receptor, NKG2D. The systemic implications of this lymphoid stress-surveillance response, however, are unknown. We found that antigens encountered at the same time as cutaneous epithelial stress induced strong primary and secondary systemic, T helper 2 (T(H)2)-associated atopic responses in mice. These responses required NKG2D-dependent communication between dysregulated epithelial cells and tissue-associated lymphoid cells. These data are germane to uncertainty over the afferent induction of T(H)2 responses and provide a molecular framework for considering atopy as an important component of the response to tissue damage and carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842529/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842529/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strid, Jessica -- Sobolev, Olga -- Zafirova, Biljana -- Polic, Bojan -- Hayday, Adrian -- 085780/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1293-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1211250.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London WC2A 3LY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Epidermis/*immunology ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*immunology ; Ligands ; Lymphoid Tissue/*immunology ; Membrane Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology ; Stress, Physiological ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Up-Regulation
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    Cell biology. Are telomere tests ready for prime time? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):414-5. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6028.414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; *Chronic Disease ; *Cytological Techniques ; Diagnostic Services ; *Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Life Style ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Telomere/*physiology/*ultrastructure
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    Genetics and disease. Growth defect blocks cancer and diabetes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):837. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6019.837.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics/prevention & control ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Human Growth Hormone/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Laron Syndrome/*genetics ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*genetics/prevention & control ; *Point Mutation ; Receptors, Somatotropin/*genetics
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    A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: The taste system is one of our fundamental senses, responsible for detecting and responding to sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour stimuli. In the tongue, the five basic tastes are mediated by separate classes of taste receptor cells each finely tuned to a single taste quality. We explored the logic of taste coding in the brain by examining how sweet, bitter, umami, and salty qualities are represented in the primary taste cortex of mice. We used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to demonstrate topographic segregation in the functional architecture of the gustatory cortex. Each taste quality is represented in its own separate cortical field, revealing the existence of a gustotopic map in the brain. These results expose the basic logic for the central representation of taste.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3523322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Xiaoke -- Gabitto, Mariano -- Peng, Yueqing -- Ryba, Nicholas J P -- Zuker, Charles S -- Z01 DE000561-15/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DE000561-16/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DE000561-17/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DE000561-18/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DE000561-19/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1204076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Cycloheximide ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Imaging ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sodium Chloride ; Sodium Glutamate ; Sweetening Agents ; Taste/*physiology ; Taste Buds/physiology
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    Science breakthroughs (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1604. doi: 10.1126/science.1217831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male
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    Editorial expression of concern (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):310. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6054.310-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Inflammation ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/*enzymology ; Male ; Neutrophils/*enzymology ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/*metabolism ; Sepsis/*immunology ; Shock, Septic/*immunology
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    Pure reasoning in 12-month-old infants as probabilistic inference (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-28
    Description: Many organisms can predict future events from the statistics of past experience, but humans also excel at making predictions by pure reasoning: integrating multiple sources of information, guided by abstract knowledge, to form rational expectations about novel situations, never directly experienced. Here, we show that this reasoning is surprisingly rich, powerful, and coherent even in preverbal infants. When 12-month-old infants view complex displays of multiple moving objects, they form time-varying expectations about future events that are a systematic and rational function of several stimulus variables. Infants' looking times are consistent with a Bayesian ideal observer embodying abstract principles of object motion. The model explains infants' statistical expectations and classic qualitative findings about object cognition in younger babies, not originally viewed as probabilistic inferences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teglas, Erno -- Vul, Edward -- Girotto, Vittorio -- Gonzalez, Michel -- Tenenbaum, Joshua B -- Bonatti, Luca L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1054-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1196404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Development Centre, Central European University, H-1015 Budapest, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; Child Development ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Monte Carlo Method ; *Probability ; Visual Perception
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    Editorial expression of concern (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):760. doi: 10.1126/science.1216027. Epub 2011 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Psychological ; *Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *Stereotyping
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    De-AMPylation of the small GTPase Rab1 by the pathogen Legionella pneumophila (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila exploits host cell vesicle transport by transiently manipulating the activity of the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rab1. The effector protein SidM recruits Rab1 to the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), where it activates Rab1 and then AMPylates it by covalently adding adenosine monophosphate (AMP). L. pneumophila GTPase-activating protein LepB inactivates Rab1 before its removal from LCVs. Because LepB cannot bind AMPylated Rab1, the molecular events leading to Rab1 inactivation are unknown. We found that the effector protein SidD from L. pneumophila catalyzed AMP release from Rab1, generating de-AMPylated Rab1 accessible for inactivation by LepB. L. pneumophila mutants lacking SidD were defective for Rab1 removal from LCVs, identifying SidD as the missing link connecting the processes of early Rab1 accumulation and subsequent Rab1 removal during infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209958/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3209958/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neunuebel, M Ramona -- Chen, Yang -- Gaspar, Andrew H -- Backlund, Peter S Jr -- Yergey, Alfred -- Machner, Matthias P -- ZIA HD008893-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):453-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207193. Epub 2011 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Guanosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Legionella pneumophila/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Ligands ; Macrophages/metabolism/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Models, Biological ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; U937 Cells ; Vacuoles/metabolism/*microbiology ; rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
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    A midzone-based ruler adjusts chromosome compaction to anaphase spindle length (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: Partitioning of chromatids during mitosis requires that chromosome compaction and spindle length scale appropriately with each other. However, it is not clear whether chromosome condensation and spindle elongation are linked. Here, we find that yeast cells could cope with a 45% increase in the length of their longest chromosome arm by increasing its condensation. The spindle midzone, aurora/Ipl1 activity, and Ser10 of histone H3 mediated this response. Thus, the anaphase spindle may function as a ruler to adapt the condensation of chromatids, promoting their segregation regardless of chromosome or spindle length.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neurohr, Gabriel -- Naegeli, Andreas -- Titos, Iris -- Theler, Dominik -- Greber, Basil -- Diez, Javier -- Gabaldon, Toni -- Mendoza, Manuel -- Barral, Yves -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):465-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201578. Epub 2011 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldose-Ketose Isomerases/genetics ; *Anaphase ; Aurora Kinases ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics/*physiology ; Histones/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology/*ultrastructure
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    Why bother? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Alice S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):821. doi: 10.1126/science.1203124.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Engineering ; Female ; Humans ; *Science ; *Women, Working
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    A virophage at the origin of large DNA transposons (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: DNA transposons are mobile genetic elements that have shaped the genomes of eukaryotes for millions of years, yet their origins remain obscure. We discovered a virophage that, on the basis of genetic homology, likely represents an evolutionary link between double-stranded DNA viruses and Maverick/Polinton eukaryotic DNA transposons. The Mavirus virophage parasitizes the giant Cafeteria roenbergensis virus and encodes 20 predicted proteins, including a retroviral integrase and a protein-primed DNA polymerase B. On the basis of our data, we conclude that Maverick/Polinton transposons may have originated from ancient relatives of Mavirus, and thereby influenced the evolution of eukaryotic genomes, although we cannot rule out alternative evolutionary scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Matthias G -- Suttle, Curtis A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):231-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1199412. Epub 2011 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1365-2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA Viruses/*genetics/*physiology ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Integrases/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Satellite Viruses/*genetics/*physiology ; Stramenopiles/virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virus Replication
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    India's demographic change: opportunities and challenges (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: This paper discusses emerging demographic patterns and its opportunities and challenges for India. It investigates the specificities in the demographic transition in terms of various demographic parameters and the lack of homogeneity in the transition across states in the country. It presents some opportunities that can arise from having demographic changes, particularly the demographic dividend and interstate migration to overcome labor shortage in some parts. At the same time, there are serious challenges in the form of enhancing human capital development, addressing the issue of skewed sex ratio, and the possible rise in social and political unrest and conflict.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):576-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1207969.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore 560072, India. james@isec.ac.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; *Demography ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Mortality ; *Population Density ; *Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Sex Ratio
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    Development. Inheriting maternal mtDNA (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518432/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518432/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, Beth -- Elazar, Zvulun -- R01 CA109618/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1069-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1215480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Microbiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9113, USA. beth.levine@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Phagosomes/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/*ultrastructure
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    Making her life an open book to promote expanded care (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1549. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6024.1549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/prevention & control/therapy ; Canada ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Services Accessibility ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mexico ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy ; United States
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    The Toll-like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Mucosal surfaces constantly encounter microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate recognition of microbial patterns to eliminate pathogens. By contrast, we demonstrate that the prominent gut commensal Bacteroides fragilis activates the TLR pathway to establish host-microbial symbiosis. TLR2 on CD4(+) T cells is required for B. fragilis colonization of a unique mucosal niche in mice during homeostasis. A symbiosis factor (PSA, polysaccharide A) of B. fragilis signals through TLR2 directly on Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells to promote immunologic tolerance. B. fragilis lacking PSA is unable to restrain T helper 17 cell responses and is defective in niche-specific mucosal colonization. Therefore, commensal bacteria exploit the TLR pathway to actively suppress immunity. We propose that the immune system can discriminate between pathogens and the microbiota through recognition of symbiotic bacterial molecules in a process that engenders commensal colonization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Round, June L -- Lee, S Melanie -- Li, Jennifer -- Tran, Gloria -- Jabri, Bana -- Chatila, Talal A -- Mazmanian, Sarkis K -- AI 080002/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK 078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085090/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085090-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085090-01S1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085090-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085090-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-01A2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI080002/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI080002-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI080002-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):974-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206095. Epub 2011 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. jround@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides fragilis/*growth & development/*immunology ; Colon/immunology/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*immunology/*microbiology ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; Th17 Cells/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/immunology/*metabolism
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    Computational design of proteins targeting the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: We describe a general computational method for designing proteins that bind a surface patch of interest on a target macromolecule. Favorable interactions between disembodied amino acid residues and the target surface are identified and used to anchor de novo designed interfaces. The method was used to design proteins that bind a conserved surface patch on the stem of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus. After affinity maturation, two of the designed proteins, HB36 and HB80, bind H1 and H5 HAs with low nanomolar affinity. Further, HB80 inhibits the HA fusogenic conformational changes induced at low pH. The crystal structure of HB36 in complex with 1918/H1 HA revealed that the actual binding interface is nearly identical to that in the computational design model. Such designed binding proteins may be useful for both diagnostics and therapeutics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164876/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164876/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleishman, Sarel J -- Whitehead, Timothy A -- Ekiert, Damian C -- Dreyfus, Cyrille -- Corn, Jacob E -- Strauch, Eva-Maria -- Wilson, Ian A -- Baker, David -- AI057141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM080209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):816-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1202617.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Computational Biology ; *Computer Simulation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Peptide Library ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Software
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    Evolution. How great wings can look alike (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1100-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1211025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 201 Bock Laboratories, Madison, WI 53706, USA. sbcarrol@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
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    Deep human genealogies reveal a selective advantage to be on an expanding wave front (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Since their origin, human populations have colonized the whole planet, but the demographic processes governing range expansions are mostly unknown. We analyzed the genealogy of more than one million individuals resulting from a range expansion in Quebec between 1686 and 1960 and reconstructed the spatial dynamics of the expansion. We find that a majority of the present Saguenay Lac-Saint-Jean population can be traced back to ancestors having lived directly on or close to the wave front. Ancestors located on the front contributed significantly more to the current gene pool than those from the range core, likely due to a 20% larger effective fertility of women on the wave front. This fitness component is heritable on the wave front and not in the core, implying that this life-history trait evolves during range expansions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreau, Claudia -- Bherer, Claude -- Vezina, Helene -- Jomphe, Michele -- Labuda, Damian -- Excoffier, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1148-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1212880. Epub 2011 Nov 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Recherche, Hopital Sainte-Justine, Universite de Montreal, 3175 Cote Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Demography ; Emigration and Immigration ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertility ; *Gene Pool ; Genes ; *Genetic Fitness ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; *Pedigree ; *Population Dynamics ; Quebec ; Registries ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Crystal structure of the dynein motor domain (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Dyneins are microtubule-based motor proteins that power ciliary beating, transport intracellular cargos, and help to construct the mitotic spindle. Evolved from ring-shaped hexameric AAA-family adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), dynein's large size and complexity have posed challenges for understanding its structure and mechanism. Here, we present a 6 angstrom crystal structure of a functional dimer of two ~300-kilodalton motor domains of yeast cytoplasmic dynein. The structure reveals an unusual asymmetric arrangement of ATPase domains in the ring-shaped motor domain, the manner in which the mechanical element interacts with the ATPase ring, and an unexpected interaction between two coiled coils that create a base for the microtubule binding domain. The arrangement of these elements provides clues as to how adenosine triphosphate-driven conformational changes might be transmitted across the motor domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169322/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169322/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Cho, Carol -- Jin, Lan -- Vale, Ronald D -- MC_UP_A025_1011/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1159-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1202393. Epub 2011 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. cartera@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasmic Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Methionine/chemistry ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    Nest inheritance is the missing source of direct fitness in a primitively eusocial insect (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Animals that cooperate with nonrelatives represent a challenge to inclusive fitness theory, unless cooperative behavior is shown to provide direct fitness benefits. Inheritance of breeding resources could provide such benefits, but this route to cooperation has been little investigated in the social insects. We show that nest inheritance can explain the presence of unrelated helpers in a classic social insect model, the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes dominulus. We found that subordinate helpers produced more direct offspring than lone breeders, some while still subordinate but most after inheriting the dominant position. Thus, while indirect fitness obtained through helping relatives has been the dominant paradigm for understanding eusociality in insects, direct fitness is vital to explain cooperation in P. dominulus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leadbeater, Ellouise -- Carruthers, Jonathan M -- Green, Jonathan P -- Rosser, Neil S -- Field, Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):874-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. ellouise.leadbeater@ioz.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/genetics/*physiology
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    Aberrant overexpression of satellite repeats in pancreatic and other epithelial cancers (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Satellite repeats in heterochromatin are transcribed into noncoding RNAs that have been linked to gene silencing and maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Using digital gene expression analysis, we showed that these transcripts are greatly overexpressed in mouse and human epithelial cancers. In 8 of 10 mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), pericentromeric satellites accounted for a mean 12% (range 1 to 50%) of all cellular transcripts, a mean 40-fold increase over that in normal tissue. In 15 of 15 human PDACs, alpha satellite transcripts were most abundant and HSATII transcripts were highly specific for cancer. Similar patterns were observed in cancers of the lung, kidney, ovary, colon, and prostate. Derepression of satellite transcripts correlated with overexpression of the long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon and with aberrant expression of neuroendocrine-associated genes proximal to LINE-1 insertions. The overexpression of satellite transcripts in cancer may reflect global alterations in heterochromatin silencing and could potentially be useful as a biomarker for cancer detection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701432/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701432/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ting, David T -- Lipson, Doron -- Paul, Suchismita -- Brannigan, Brian W -- Akhavanfard, Sara -- Coffman, Erik J -- Contino, Gianmarco -- Deshpande, Vikram -- Iafrate, A John -- Letovsky, Stan -- Rivera, Miguel N -- Bardeesy, Nabeel -- Maheswaran, Shyamala -- Haber, Daniel A -- CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- L30 CA142210/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129933/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):593-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1200801. Epub 2011 Jan 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma in Situ/genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Satellite/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterochromatin/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; RNA, Neoplasm/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Nectins establish a checkerboard-like cellular pattern in the auditory epithelium (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: In the auditory epithelium of the cochlea, the sensory hair cells and supporting cells are arranged in a checkerboard-like fashion, but the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. We found that mouse hair cells and supporting cells express the immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules nectin-1 and -3, respectively, and that their interaction mediates the heterotypic adhesion between these two cell types. Genetic removal of nectin-1 or -3 disrupted the checkerboard-like pattern, inducing aberrant attachment between hair cells. When cells expressing either nectin-1 or -3 were cocultured, they arranged themselves into a mosaic pattern. Thus, nectin-1 and -3 promote the formation of the checkerboard-like pattern of the auditory epithelia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Togashi, Hideru -- Kominami, Kanoko -- Waseda, Masazumi -- Komura, Hitomi -- Miyoshi, Jun -- Takeichi, Masatoshi -- Takai, Yoshimi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1144-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1208467. Epub 2011 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/metabolism ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; HEK293 Cells ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Organ of Corti/*cytology/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
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    Widespread RNA and DNA sequence differences in the human transcriptome (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: The transmission of information from DNA to RNA is a critical process. We compared RNA sequences from human B cells of 27 individuals to the corresponding DNA sequences from the same individuals and uncovered more than 10,000 exonic sites where the RNA sequences do not match that of the DNA. All 12 possible categories of discordances were observed. These differences were nonrandom as many sites were found in multiple individuals and in different cell types, including primary skin cells and brain tissues. Using mass spectrometry, we detected peptides that are translated from the discordant RNA sequences and thus do not correspond exactly to the DNA sequences. These widespread RNA-DNA differences in the human transcriptome provide a yet unexplored aspect of genome variation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204392/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Mingyao -- Wang, Isabel X -- Li, Yun -- Bruzel, Alan -- Richards, Allison L -- Toung, Jonathan M -- Cheung, Vivian G -- R01 HG005854/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005854-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1207018. Epub 2011 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology ; DNA/chemistry/*genetics ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/chemistry ; Proteome/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Skin/cytology ; Untranslated Regions
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    Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Black bears hibernate for 5 to 7 months a year and, during this time, do not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. We measured metabolic rate and body temperature in hibernating black bears and found that they suppress metabolism to 25% of basal rates while regulating body temperature from 30 degrees to 36 degrees C, in multiday cycles. Heart rates were reduced from 55 to as few as 9 beats per minute, with profound sinus arrhythmia. After returning to normal body temperature and emerging from dens, bears maintained a reduced metabolic rate for up to 3 weeks. The pronounced reduction and delayed recovery of metabolic rate in hibernating bears suggest that the majority of metabolic suppression during hibernation is independent of lowered body temperature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toien, Oivind -- Blake, John -- Edgar, Dale M -- Grahn, Dennis A -- Heller, H Craig -- Barnes, Brian M -- HD-00973/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):906-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1199435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. otoien@alaska.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Metabolism ; *Body Temperature ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Heart Rate ; *Hibernation ; Humans ; Male ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Time Factors ; Ursidae/metabolism/*physiology
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    CRYPTOCHROME is a blue-light sensor that regulates neuronal firing rate (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: Light-responsive neural activity in central brain neurons is generally conveyed through opsin-based signaling from external photoreceptors. Large lateral ventral arousal neurons (lLNvs) in Drosophila melanogaster increase action potential firing within seconds in response to light in the absence of all opsin-based photoreceptors. Light-evoked changes in membrane resting potential occur in about 100 milliseconds. The light response is selective for blue wavelengths corresponding to the spectral sensitivity of CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). cry-null lines are light-unresponsive, but restored CRY expression in the lLNv rescues responsiveness. Furthermore, expression of CRY in neurons that are normally unresponsive to light confers responsiveness. The CRY-mediated light response requires a flavin redox-based mechanism and depends on potassium channel conductance, but is independent of the classical circadian CRY-TIMELESS interaction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fogle, Keri J -- Parson, Kelly G -- Dahm, Nicole A -- Holmes, Todd C -- NS046750/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046750/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1409-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1199702. Epub 2011 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Compound Eye, Arthropod/physiology ; Cryptochromes/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Flavins/metabolism ; Genes, Insect ; *Light ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/metabolism
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    Mammalian genes are transcribed with widely different bursting kinetics (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, most genes appear to be transcribed during short periods called transcriptional bursts, interspersed by silent intervals. We describe how such bursts generate gene-specific temporal patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in mammalian cells. To monitor transcription at high temporal resolution, we established various gene trap cell lines and transgenic cell lines expressing a short-lived luciferase protein from an unstable mRNA, and recorded bioluminescence in real time in single cells. Mathematical modeling identified gene-specific on- and off-switching rates in transcriptional activity and mean numbers of mRNAs produced during the bursts. Transcriptional kinetics were markedly altered by cis-regulatory DNA elements. Our analysis demonstrated that bursting kinetics are highly gene-specific, reflecting refractory periods during which genes stay inactive for a certain time before switching on again.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suter, David M -- Molina, Nacho -- Gatfield, David -- Schneider, Kim -- Schibler, Ueli -- Naef, Felix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):472-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1198817. Epub 2011 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Down-Regulation ; *Gene Expression ; Histones/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Measurements ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transgenes ; Up-Regulation
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    Evolution. Mother tongue and Y chromosomes (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forster, Peter -- Renfrew, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1390-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1205331.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK. pf223@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Americas ; Asia ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/*genetics ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; *Cultural Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; India ; *Language ; Male ; Pacific Islands ; Sex Characteristics
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    The dynamic architecture of Hox gene clusters (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: The spatial and temporal control of Hox gene transcription is essential for patterning the vertebrate body axis. Although this process involves changes in histone posttranslational modifications, the existence of particular three-dimensional (3D) architectures remained to be assessed in vivo. Using high-resolution chromatin conformation capture methodology, we examined the spatial configuration of Hox clusters in embryonic mouse tissues where different Hox genes are active. When the cluster is transcriptionally inactive, Hox genes associate into a single 3D structure delimited from flanking regions. Once transcription starts, Hox clusters switch to a bimodal 3D organization where newly activated genes progressively cluster into a transcriptionally active compartment. This transition in spatial configurations coincides with the dynamics of chromatin marks, which label the progression of the gene clusters from a negative to a positive transcription status. This spatial compartmentalization may be key to process the colinear activation of these compact gene clusters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noordermeer, Daan -- Leleu, Marion -- Splinter, Erik -- Rougemont, Jacques -- De Laat, Wouter -- Duboule, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1207194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research Centre Frontiers in Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Histones/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; *Multigene Family ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation
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    An activating mutation of AKT2 and human hypoglycemia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: Pathological fasting hypoglycemia in humans is usually explained by excessive circulating insulin or insulin-like molecules or by inborn errors of metabolism impairing liver glucose production. We studied three unrelated children with unexplained, recurrent, and severe fasting hypoglycemia and asymmetrical growth. All were found to carry the same de novo mutation, p.Glu17Lys, in the serine/threonine kinase AKT2, in two cases as heterozygotes and in one case in mosaic form. In heterologous cells, the mutant AKT2 was constitutively recruited to the plasma membrane, leading to insulin-independent activation of downstream signaling. Thus, systemic metabolic disease can result from constitutive, cell-autonomous activation of signaling pathways normally controlled by insulin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204221/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204221/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hussain, K -- Challis, B -- Rocha, N -- Payne, F -- Minic, M -- Thompson, A -- Daly, A -- Scott, C -- Harris, J -- Smillie, B J L -- Savage, D B -- Ramaswami, U -- De Lonlay, P -- O'Rahilly, S -- Barroso, I -- Semple, R K -- 077016/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077016/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 078986/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 078986/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 080952/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 080952/Z/06/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 091551/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 091551/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095515/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0502115/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 28;334(6055):474. doi: 10.1126/science.1210878. Epub 2011 Oct 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Growth ; HeLa Cells ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/*genetics/*metabolism ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Male ; Mosaicism ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Endocannabinoid hydrolysis generates brain prostaglandins that promote neuroinflammation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: Phospholipase A(2)(PLA(2)) enzymes are considered the primary source of arachidonic acid for cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Here, we show that a distinct pathway exists in brain, where monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol to generate a major arachidonate precursor pool for neuroinflammatory prostaglandins. MAGL-disrupted animals show neuroprotection in a parkinsonian mouse model. These animals are spared the hemorrhaging caused by COX inhibitors in the gut, where prostaglandins are instead regulated by cytosolic PLA(2). These findings identify MAGL as a distinct metabolic node that couples endocannabinoid to prostaglandin signaling networks in the nervous system and suggest that inhibition of this enzyme may be a new and potentially safer way to suppress the proinflammatory cascades that underlie neurodegenerative disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249428/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249428/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nomura, Daniel K -- Morrison, Bradley E -- Blankman, Jacqueline L -- Long, Jonathan Z -- Kinsey, Steven G -- Marcondes, Maria Cecilia G -- Ward, Anna M -- Hahn, Yun Kyung -- Lichtman, Aron H -- Conti, Bruno -- Cravatt, Benjamin F -- 5P01DA009789/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- AG028040/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DA017259/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA026261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F31 DA026261-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K99 DA030908/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K99 DA030908-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- K99DA030908/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA009789/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA009789-14/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA017259/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA017259-08/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01DA01725/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00 DA030908/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00 DA030908-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00DA030908/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG028040/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG028040-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R03 DA027936/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R03 DA027936-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R03DA027936/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007027/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007027-33/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32DA007027/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):809-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1209200. Epub 2011 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dnomura@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism ; Benzodioxoles/pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism/pathology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/*metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Eicosanoids/metabolism ; *Endocannabinoids ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Glycerides/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Inflammation/*metabolism/pathology ; Inflammation Mediators/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Liver/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monoacylglycerol Lipases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism/pathology ; Phospholipases A2/genetics/metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Neural mechanisms for the coordination of duet singing in wrens (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Plain-tailed wrens (Pheugopedius euophrys) cooperate to produce a duet song in which males and females rapidly alternate singing syllables. We examined how sensory information from each wren is used to coordinate singing between individuals for the production of this cooperative behavior. Previous findings in nonduetting songbird species suggest that premotor circuits should encode each bird's own contribution to the duet. In contrast, we find that both male and female wrens encode the combined cooperative output of the pair of birds. Further, behavior and neurophysiology show that both sexes coordinate the timing of their singing based on feedback from the partner and suggest that females may lead the duet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fortune, Eric S -- Rodriguez, Carlos -- Li, David -- Ball, Gregory F -- Coleman, Melissa J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):666-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1209867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. eric.fortune@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Songbirds/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
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    Family planning: looking beyond access (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryerson, William N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1265; author reply 1265. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6022.1265-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Contraception ; *Family Planning Services ; Female ; *Health Communication ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Male
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    Avian influenza. Warning of H5N1 resurgence surprises community (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1369. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6048.1369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data/veterinary ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology ; Mutation ; Poultry
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    Epigenetic licensing of germline gene expression by maternal RNA in C. elegans (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: RNA can act as a regulator of gene expression with roles in transposon silencing, antiviral defense, and cell fate determination. Here, we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans a maternal transcript of the sex-determining gene fem-1 is required to license expression of a wild-type fem-1 allele in the zygotic germ line. Females homozygous for fem-1 deletions produce heterozygous offspring exhibiting germline feminization, reduced fem-1 activity, and transcript accumulation. Injection of fem-1 RNA incapable of encoding a protein into the maternal germ line rescues this defect in the progeny. The defect in zygotic fem-1 expression is heritable, suggesting that the gene is subject to epigenetic silencing that is prevented by maternal fem-1 transcripts. This mechanism may contribute to protecting the identity and integrity of the germ line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Cheryl L -- Spence, Andrew M -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1311-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1208178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Silencing ; Germ Cells/*metabolism ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Male ; Phenotype ; RNA, Helminth/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sex Determination Processes/*genetics ; Spermatogenesis
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    Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites: insights from the co-structure of AMA1 with a RON2 peptide (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species actively invade host cells through a moving junction (MJ) complex assembled at the parasite-host cell interface. MJ assembly is initiated by injection of parasite rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) into the host cell, where RON2 spans the membrane and functions as a receptor for apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) on the parasite. We have determined the structure of TgAMA1 complexed with a RON2 peptide at 1.95 angstrom resolution. A stepwise assembly mechanism results in an extensive buried surface area, enabling the MJ complex to resist the mechanical forces encountered during host cell invasion. Besides providing insights into host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites, the structure offers a basis for designing therapeutics targeting these global pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tonkin, Michelle L -- Roques, Magali -- Lamarque, Mauld H -- Pugniere, Martine -- Douguet, Dominique -- Crawford, Joanna -- Lebrun, Maryse -- Boulanger, Martin J -- MOP82915/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):463-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1204988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasmodium falciparum/chemistry/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protozoan Proteins/*chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Toxoplasma/chemistry/*metabolism/*pathogenicity/ultrastructure
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    Psychology. Happy people live longer (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, Bruno S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):542-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1201060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. bruno.frey@econ.uzh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Emotions ; Female ; *Happiness ; Health ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male
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    AMP-activated protein kinase regulates neuronal polarization by interfering with PI 3-kinase localization (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-26
    Description: Axon-dendrite polarization is crucial for neural network wiring and information processing in the brain. Polarization begins with the transformation of a single neurite into an axon and its subsequent rapid extension, which requires coordination of cellular energy status to allow for transport of building materials to support axon growth. We found that activation of the energy-sensing adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway suppressed axon initiation and neuronal polarization. Phosphorylation of the kinesin light chain of the Kif5 motor protein by AMPK disrupted the association of the motor with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), preventing PI3K targeting to the axonal tip and inhibiting polarization and axon growth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325765/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3325765/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amato, Stephen -- Liu, Xiuxin -- Zheng, Bin -- Cantley, Lewis -- Rakic, Pasko -- Man, Heng-Ye -- GM41890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99CA133245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- MH07907/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA133245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS014841/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS014841-32/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):247-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1201678. Epub 2011 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Axons/enzymology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Cell Polarity/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus/cytology/embryology ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/enzymology/*physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Culture Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Retrovirology. More negative data for link between mouse virus and human disease (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1253-4. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6022.1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; *Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A cell cycle phosphoproteome of the yeast centrosome (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Centrosomes organize the bipolar mitotic spindle, and centrosomal defects cause chromosome instability. Protein phosphorylation modulates centrosome function, and we provide a comprehensive map of phosphorylation on intact yeast centrosomes (18 proteins). Mass spectrometry was used to identify 297 phosphorylation sites on centrosomes from different cell cycle stages. We observed different modes of phosphoregulation via specific protein kinases, phosphorylation site clustering, and conserved phosphorylated residues. Mutating all eight cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-directed sites within the core component, Spc42, resulted in lethality and reduced centrosomal assembly. Alternatively, mutation of one conserved Cdk site within gamma-tubulin (Tub4-S360D) caused mitotic delay and aberrant anaphase spindle elongation. Our work establishes the extent and complexity of this prominent posttranslational modification in centrosome biology and provides specific examples of phosphorylation control in centrosome function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3825980/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3825980/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keck, Jamie M -- Jones, Michele H -- Wong, Catherine C L -- Binkley, Jonathan -- Chen, Daici -- Jaspersen, Sue L -- Holinger, Eric P -- Xu, Tao -- Niepel, Mario -- Rout, Michael P -- Vogel, Jackie -- Sidow, Arend -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Winey, Mark -- F32 GM086038/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM51312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-64404/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051312-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051312-16S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062427/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003039/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR022220/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1557-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1205193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Centrosome/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Fungi/metabolism ; G1 Phase ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteome/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tubulin/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Virology. False positive (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1694-701. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6050.1694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood/virology ; DNA Contamination ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/metabolism ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/virology ; Publishing ; Retroviridae Infections/*virology ; Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus/classification/*isolation & ; purification
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    A role for Snf2-related nucleosome-spacing enzymes in genome-wide nucleosome organization (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: The positioning of nucleosomes within the coding regions of eukaryotic genes is aligned with respect to transcriptional start sites. This organization is likely to influence many genetic processes, requiring access to the underlying DNA. Here, we show that the combined action of Isw1 and Chd1 nucleosome-spacing enzymes is required to maintain this organization. In the absence of these enzymes, regular positioning of the majority of nucleosomes is lost. Exceptions include the region upstream of the promoter, the +1 nucleosome, and a subset of locations distributed throughout coding regions where other factors are likely to be involved. These observations indicate that adenosine triphosphate-dependent remodeling enzymes are responsible for directing the positioning of the majority of nucleosomes within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428865/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428865/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gkikopoulos, Triantaffyllos -- Schofield, Pieta -- Singh, Vijender -- Pinskaya, Marina -- Mellor, Jane -- Smolle, Michaela -- Workman, Jerry L -- Barton, Geoffrey J -- Owen-Hughes, Tom -- 064414/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095062/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0900740/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM047867/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1758-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1206097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/*genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cardiac myosin activation: a potential therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: Decreased cardiac contractility is a central feature of systolic heart failure. Existing drugs increase cardiac contractility indirectly through signaling cascades but are limited by their mechanism-related adverse effects. To avoid these limitations, we previously developed omecamtiv mecarbil, a small-molecule, direct activator of cardiac myosin. Here, we show that it binds to the myosin catalytic domain and operates by an allosteric mechanism to increase the transition rate of myosin into the strongly actin-bound force-generating state. Paradoxically, it inhibits adenosine 5'-triphosphate turnover in the absence of actin, which suggests that it stabilizes an actin-bound conformation of myosin. In animal models, omecamtiv mecarbil increases cardiac function by increasing the duration of ejection without changing the rates of contraction. Cardiac myosin activation may provide a new therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090309/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090309/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malik, Fady I -- Hartman, James J -- Elias, Kathleen A -- Morgan, Bradley P -- Rodriguez, Hector -- Brejc, Katjusa -- Anderson, Robert L -- Sueoka, Sandra H -- Lee, Kenneth H -- Finer, Jeffrey T -- Sakowicz, Roman -- Baliga, Ramesh -- Cox, David R -- Garard, Marc -- Godinez, Guillermo -- Kawas, Raja -- Kraynack, Erica -- Lenzi, David -- Lu, Pu Ping -- Muci, Alexander -- Niu, Congrong -- Qian, Xiangping -- Pierce, Daniel W -- Pokrovskii, Maria -- Suehiro, Ion -- Sylvester, Sheila -- Tochimoto, Todd -- Valdez, Corey -- Wang, Wenyue -- Katori, Tatsuo -- Kass, David A -- Shen, You-Tang -- Vatner, Stephen F -- Morgans, David J -- 1-R43-HL-66647-1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL106511/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R43 HL066647/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1439-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1200113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Preclinical Research and Development, Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. fmalik@cytokinetics.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiac Myosins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cardiac Output/drug effects ; Dogs ; Female ; Heart Failure, Systolic/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*drug effects/physiology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urea/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
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    Molecular biology. Preference by exclusion (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godley, Lucy A -- Mondragon, Alfonso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1017-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1202090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. lgodley@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; DNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Regional snapshots (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):555-7. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Demography ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Mexico ; Thailand ; Uganda
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    Behavior. Empathy and the laws of affect (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panksepp, Jaak -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1358-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1216480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Animal Well-Being, Department of Comparative Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA. jpanksepp@vetmed.wsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Empathy ; Female ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; *Stress, Psychological
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    Different B cell populations mediate early and late memory during an endogenous immune response (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Memory B cells formed in response to microbial antigens provide immunity to later infections; however, the inability to detect rare endogenous antigen-specific cells limits current understanding of this process. Using an antigen-based technique to enrich these cells, we found that immunization with a model protein generated B memory cells that expressed isotype-switched immunoglobulins (swIg) or retained IgM. The more numerous IgM(+) cells were longer lived than the swIg(+) cells. However, swIg(+) memory cells dominated the secondary response because of the capacity to become activated in the presence of neutralizing serum immunoglobulin. Thus, we propose that memory relies on swIg(+) cells until they disappear and serum immunoglobulin falls to a low level, in which case memory resides with durable IgM(+) reserves.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3993090/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3993090/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pape, Kathryn A -- Taylor, Justin J -- Maul, Robert W -- Gearhart, Patricia J -- Jenkins, Marc K -- F32 AI091033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI036914/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI039614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI027998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009138/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1203-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1201730. Epub 2011 Feb 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD38/analysis ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Germinal Center/cytology/immunology ; Immunization ; *Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics/*immunology ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phycocyanin/immunology ; Phycoerythrin/immunology ; Spleen/cytology/immunology
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    Proteoglycan-specific molecular switch for RPTPsigma clustering and neuronal extension (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs and CSPGs, respectively) regulate numerous cell surface signaling events, with typically opposite effects on cell function. CSPGs inhibit nerve regeneration through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTPsigma). Here we report that RPTPsigma acts bimodally in sensory neuron extension, mediating CSPG inhibition and HSPG growth promotion. Crystallographic analyses of a shared HSPG-CSPG binding site reveal a conformational plasticity that can accommodate diverse glycosaminoglycans with comparable affinities. Heparan sulfate and analogs induced RPTPsigma ectodomain oligomerization in solution, which was inhibited by chondroitin sulfate. RPTPsigma and HSPGs colocalize in puncta on sensory neurons in culture, whereas CSPGs occupy the extracellular matrix. These results lead to a model where proteoglycans can exert opposing effects on neuronal extension by competing to control the oligomerization of a common receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coles, Charlotte H -- Shen, Yingjie -- Tenney, Alan P -- Siebold, Christian -- Sutton, Geoffrey C -- Lu, Weixian -- Gallagher, John T -- Jones, E Yvonne -- Flanagan, John G -- Aricescu, A Radu -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- EY11559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- G0700232/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD29417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011559-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD029417-20/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):484-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200840. Epub 2011 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Extracellular Matrix ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Glypicans/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heparitin Sulfate/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurocan/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Sensory Receptor Cells/*physiology
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    The structure of the kinesin-1 motor-tail complex reveals the mechanism of autoinhibition (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: When not transporting cargo, kinesin-1 is autoinhibited by binding of a tail region to the motor domains, but the mechanism of inhibition is unclear. We report the crystal structure of a motor domain dimer in complex with its tail domain at 2.2 angstroms and compare it with a structure of the motor domain alone at 2.7 angstroms. These structures indicate that neither an induced conformational change nor steric blocking is the cause of inhibition. Instead, the tail cross-links the motor domains at a second position, in addition to the coiled coil. This "double lockdown," by cross-linking at two positions, prevents the movement of the motor domains that is needed to undock the neck linker and release adenosine diphosphate. This autoinhibition mechanism could extend to some other kinesins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339660/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339660/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaan, Hung Yi Kristal -- Hackney, David D -- Kozielski, Frank -- NS058848/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS058848/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS058848-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):883-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1204824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinesin/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Exercise and genetic rescue of SCA1 via the transcriptional repressor Capicua (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a translated CAG repeat in Ataxin-1 (ATXN1). To determine the long-term effects of exercise, we implemented a mild exercise regimen in a mouse model of SCA1 and found a considerable improvement in survival accompanied by up-regulation of epidermal growth factor and consequential down-regulation of Capicua, which is an ATXN1 interactor. Offspring of Capicua mutant mice bred to SCA1 mice showed significant improvement of all disease phenotypes. Although polyglutamine-expanded Atxn1 caused some loss of Capicua function, further reduction of Capicua levels--either genetically or by exercise--mitigated the disease phenotypes by dampening the toxic gain of function. Thus, exercise might have long-term beneficial effects in other ataxias and neurodegenerative diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232424/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232424/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fryer, John D -- Yu, Peng -- Kang, Hyojin -- Mandel-Brehm, Caleigh -- Carter, Angela N -- Crespo-Barreto, Juan -- Gao, Yan -- Flora, Adriano -- Shaw, Chad -- Orr, Harry T -- Zoghbi, Huda Y -- 1F32NS055545/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- HD24064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS022920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS045667/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS27699/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS27699-20S1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD024064/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD024064-22/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD024064-23/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS027699/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS027699-20S1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS027699-21/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS027699-22/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):690-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1212673.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxin-1 ; Ataxins ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Exercise Therapy ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell proliferation; the mechanisms linking these events are unknown. We identify two recurrent somatic mutations in and near the selectivity filter of the potassium (K(+)) channel KCNJ5 that are present in 8 of 22 human APAs studied. Both produce increased sodium (Na(+)) conductance and cell depolarization, which in adrenal glomerulosa cells produces calcium (Ca(2+)) entry, the signal for aldosterone production and cell proliferation. Similarly, we identify an inherited KCNJ5 mutation that produces increased Na(+) conductance in a Mendelian form of severe aldosteronism and massive bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. These findings explain pathogenesis in a subset of patients with severe hypertension and implicate loss of K(+) channel selectivity in constitutive cell proliferation and hormone production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Murim -- Scholl, Ute I -- Yue, Peng -- Bjorklund, Peyman -- Zhao, Bixiao -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Ji, Weizhen -- Cho, Yoonsang -- Patel, Aniruddh -- Men, Clara J -- Lolis, Elias -- Wisgerhof, Max V -- Geller, David S -- Mane, Shrikant -- Hellman, Per -- Westin, Gunnar -- Akerstrom, Goran -- Wang, Wenhui -- Carling, Tobias -- Lifton, Richard P -- DK54983/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 AR060300/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):768-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1198785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ; Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Sodium/metabolism ; Zona Glomerulosa/metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    Sequential synaptic excitation and inhibition shape readiness discharge for voluntary behavior (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: How do animals initiate voluntary behavior? A key phenomenon in neuroscience is the readiness or preparatory neural activity in specific regions of the animal brain. The neurons and synaptic mechanisms mediating this activity are unknown. We found that the readiness discharge is shaped by sequential synaptic excitation and inhibition in the brain of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The readiness discharge neurons extended axon collaterals that appeared to activate recurring local interneurons. Therefore, we propose that the readiness discharge is formed by sequential synaptic events within the brain without feedback signals from downstream ganglia. The circuit involved is suited for signal processing for self-generated voluntary initiation of behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kagaya, Katsushi -- Takahata, Masakazu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):365-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1202244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. kagaya@sci.hokudai.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Astacoidea/*physiology ; Axons/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/physiology ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Locomotion/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Muscles/physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Degradation of paternal mitochondria by fertilization-triggered autophagy in C. elegans embryos (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: The mitochondrial genome is believed to be maternally inherited in many eukaryotes. Sperm-derived paternal mitochondria enter the oocyte cytoplasm upon fertilization and then normally disappear during early embryogenesis. However, the mechanism responsible for this clearance has been unknown. Here, we show that autophagy, which delivers cytosolic components to lysosomes for degradation, is required for the elimination of paternal mitochondria in Caenorhabditis elegans. Immediately after fertilization, sperm-derived components trigger the localized induction of autophagy around sperm mitochondria. Autophagosomes engulf paternal mitochondria, resulting in their lysosomal degradation during early embryogenesis. In autophagy-defective zygotes, paternal mitochondria and their genome remain even in the first larval stage. Thus, fertilization-triggered autophagy is required for selective degradation of paternal mitochondria and thereby maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, Miyuki -- Sato, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1141-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210333. Epub 2011 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Autophagy ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Helminth/analysis/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; *Fertilization ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Hermaphroditic Organisms ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Oocytes/physiology ; Phagosomes/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/ultrastructure ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244695/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sato, Yasufumi -- Iketani, Masumi -- Kurihara, Yuji -- Yamaguchi, Megumi -- Yamashita, Naoya -- Nakamura, Fumio -- Arie, Yuko -- Kawasaki, Takahiko -- Hirata, Tatsumi -- Abe, Takaya -- Kiyonari, Hiroshi -- Strittmatter, Stephen M -- Goshima, Yoshio -- Takei, Kohtaro -- R37 NS033020/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS033020-19/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):769-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1204144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Binding Sites ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Myelin Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/*cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Prosencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Physiology. Synthetic physiology (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553595/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553595/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chow, Brian Y -- Boyden, Edward S -- R01 NS075421/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1508-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1208555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/genetics ; Insulin/blood ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Mice ; NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Rod Opsins/*genetics/metabolism ; Synthetic Biology/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Medicine. The genetics of primary aldosteronism (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Funder, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):685-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1202887.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. john.funder@princehenrys.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/*genetics/physiopathology ; Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma/*genetics/physiopathology ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*genetics/physiopathology ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolution. Altruistic wasps? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadagkar, Raghavendra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):833-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India. ragh@ces.iisc.ernet.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/genetics/*physiology
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  • 90
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    Structural basis of silencing: Sir3 BAH domain in complex with a nucleosome at 3.0 A resolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: Gene silencing is essential for regulating cell fate in eukaryotes. Altered chromatin architectures contribute to maintaining the silenced state in a variety of species. The silent information regulator (Sir) proteins regulate mating type in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these proteins, Sir3, interacts directly with the nucleosome to help generate silenced domains. We determined the crystal structure of a complex of the yeast Sir3 BAH (bromo-associated homology) domain and the nucleosome core particle at 3.0 angstrom resolution. We see multiple molecular interactions between the protein surfaces of the nucleosome and the BAH domain that explain numerous genetic mutations. These interactions are accompanied by structural rearrangements in both the nucleosome and the BAH domain. The structure explains how covalent modifications on H4K16 and H3K79 regulate formation of a silencing complex that contains the nucleosome as a central component.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098850/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098850/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armache, Karim-Jean -- Garlick, Joseph D -- Canzio, Daniele -- Narlikar, Geeta J -- Kingston, Robert E -- GM043901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR012408/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM043901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM048405/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):977-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1210915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein Folding ; *Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Three periods of regulatory innovation during vertebrate evolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The gain, loss, and modification of gene regulatory elements may underlie a substantial proportion of phenotypic changes on animal lineages. To investigate the gain of regulatory elements throughout vertebrate evolution, we identified genome-wide sets of putative regulatory regions for five vertebrates, including humans. These putative regulatory regions are conserved nonexonic elements (CNEEs), which are evolutionarily conserved yet do not overlap any coding or noncoding mature transcript. We then inferred the branch on which each CNEE came under selective constraint. Our analysis identified three extended periods in the evolution of gene regulatory elements. Early vertebrate evolution was characterized by regulatory gains near transcription factors and developmental genes, but this trend was replaced by innovations near extracellular signaling genes, and then innovations near posttranslational protein modifiers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lowe, Craig B -- Kellis, Manolis -- Siepel, Adam -- Raney, Brian J -- Clamp, Michele -- Salama, Sofie R -- Kingsley, David M -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- Haussler, David -- 1U01-HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5P41-HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50-HG02568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1019-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1202702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Developmental ; Genome ; Humans ; Markov Chains ; Mice ; Oryzias/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Smegmamorpha/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Vertebrates/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Direct ubiquitination of pattern recognition receptor FLS2 attenuates plant innate immunity (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Innate immune responses are triggered by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The Arabidopsis PRR FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) senses bacterial flagellin and initiates immune signaling through association with BAK1. The molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of FLS2 activation are largely unknown. We report that flagellin induces recruitment of two closely related U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases, PUB12 and PUB13, to FLS2 receptor complex in Arabidopsis. BAK1 phosphorylates PUB12 and PUB13 and is required for FLS2-PUB12/13 association. PUB12 and PUB13 polyubiquitinate FLS2 and promote flagellin-induced FLS2 degradation, and the pub12 and pub13 mutants displayed elevated immune responses to flagellin treatment. Our study has revealed a unique regulatory circuit of direct ubiquitination and turnover of FLS2 by BAK1-mediated phosphorylation and recruitment of specific E3 ligases for attenuation of immune signaling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3243913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Dongping -- Lin, Wenwei -- Gao, Xiquan -- Wu, Shujing -- Cheng, Cheng -- Avila, Julian -- Heese, Antje -- Devarenne, Timothy P -- He, Ping -- Shan, Libo -- R01 GM092893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM092893-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097247/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM092893/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 17;332(6036):1439-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1204903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Flagellin/*immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Phosphorylation ; Plant Diseases/*immunology/microbiology ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Pseudomonas syringae/growth & development/immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An egg-adult association, gender, and reproduction in pterosaurs (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: A sexually mature individual of Darwinopterus preserved together with an egg from the Jurassic of China provides direct evidence of gender in pterosaurs and insights into the reproductive biology of these extinct fliers. This new find and several other examples of Darwinopterus demonstrate that males of this pterosaur had a relatively small pelvis and a large cranial crest, whereas females had a relatively large pelvis and no crest. The ratio of egg mass to adult mass is relatively low, as in extant reptiles, and is comparable to values for squamates. A parchment-like eggshell points to burial and significant uptake of water after oviposition. This evidence for low parental investment contradicts the widespread assumption that reproduction in pterosaurs was like that of birds and shows that it was essentially like that of reptiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Junchang -- Unwin, David M -- Deeming, D Charles -- Jin, Xingsheng -- Liu, Yongqing -- Ji, Qiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):321-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1197323.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China. lujc2008@126.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; China ; Egg Shell ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Oviposition ; *Ovum ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Phylogeny ; *Reproduction ; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Isolation of single human hematopoietic stem cells capable of long-term multilineage engraftment (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: Lifelong blood cell production is dependent on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to perpetually replenish mature cells via a series of lineage-restricted intermediates. Investigating the molecular state of HSCs is contingent on the ability to purify HSCs away from transiently engrafting cells. We demonstrated that human HSCs remain infrequent, using current purification strategies based on Thy1 (CD90) expression. By tracking the expression of several adhesion molecules in HSC-enriched subsets, we revealed CD49f as a specific HSC marker. Single CD49f(+) cells were highly efficient in generating long-term multilineage grafts, and the loss of CD49f expression identified transiently engrafting multipotent progenitors (MPPs). The demarcation of human HSCs and MPPs will enable the investigation of the molecular determinants of HSCs, with a goal of developing stem cell-based therapeutics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Notta, Faiyaz -- Doulatov, Sergei -- Laurenti, Elisa -- Poeppl, Armando -- Jurisica, Igor -- Dick, John E -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):218-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1201219.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Antigens, Thy-1/analysis ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; *Cell Separation ; Coculture Techniques ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hematopoiesis ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Integrin alpha6/analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology/immunology/*physiology ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Aeroelastic flutter produces hummingbird feather songs (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-10
    Description: During courtship flights, males of some hummingbird species produce diverse sounds with tail feathers of varying shapes. We show that these sounds are produced by air flowing past a feather, causing it to aeroelastically flutter and generate flutter-induced sound. Scanning laser doppler vibrometery and high-speed video of individual feathers of different sizes and shapes in a wind tunnel revealed multiple vibratory modes that produce a range of acoustic frequencies and harmonic structures. Neighboring feathers can be aerodynamically coupled and flutter either at the same frequency, resulting in sympathetic vibrations that increase loudness, or at different frequencies, resulting in audible interaction frequencies. Aeroelastic flutter is intrinsic to stiff airfoils such as feathers and thus explains tonal sounds that are common in bird flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Christopher J -- Elias, Damian O -- Prum, Richard O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 9;333(6048):1430-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1205222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Post Office Box 208105, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Feathers/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; Movement ; *Sound ; Tail/physiology ; Vibration ; Wind
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    Medicine. Lipases in cachexia (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1209418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.arner@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/*enzymology ; Adipose Tissue/*enzymology/pathology ; Animals ; Cachexia/*enzymology/etiology/pathology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Lipase/deficiency/*metabolism ; *Lipolysis ; Lung Neoplasms/complications/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental/complications/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism/pathology ; Neoplasms/complications/*enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sterol Esterase/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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    GRK2-dependent S1PR1 desensitization is required for lymphocytes to overcome their attraction to blood (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Lymphocytes egress from lymphoid organs in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P); minutes later they migrate from blood into tissue against the S1P gradient. The mechanisms facilitating cell movement against the gradient have not been defined. Here, we show that heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) functions in down-regulation of S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) on blood-exposed lymphocytes. T and B cell movement from blood into lymph nodes is reduced in the absence of GRK2 but is restored in S1P-deficient mice. In the spleen, B cell movement between the blood-rich marginal zone and follicles is disrupted by GRK2 deficiency and by mutation of an S1PR1 desensitization motif. Moreover, delivery of systemic antigen into follicles is impaired. Thus, GRK2-dependent S1PR1 desensitization allows lymphocytes to escape circulatory fluids and migrate into lymphoid tissues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267326/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267326/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnon, Tal I -- Xu, Ying -- Lo, Charles -- Pham, Trung -- An, Jinping -- Coughlin, Shaun -- Dorn, Gerald W -- Cyster, Jason G -- AI74847/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074847/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074847-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1898-903. doi: 10.1126/science.1208248.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Blood ; Cell Movement ; Chemokines/physiology ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Down-Regulation ; G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lysophospholipids/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology
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  • 98
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    Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: Rod-shaped bacteria elongate by the action of cell wall synthesis complexes linked to underlying dynamic MreB filaments. To understand how the movements of these filaments relate to cell wall synthesis, we characterized the dynamics of MreB and the cell wall elongation machinery using high-precision particle tracking in Bacillus subtilis. We found that MreB and the elongation machinery moved circumferentially around the cell, perpendicular to its length, with nearby synthesis complexes and MreB filaments moving independently in both directions. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis by various methods blocked the movement of MreB. Thus, bacteria elongate by the uncoordinated, circumferential movements of synthetic complexes that insert radial hoops of new peptidoglycan during their transit, possibly driving the motion of the underlying MreB filaments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235694/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235694/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garner, Ethan C -- Bernard, Remi -- Wang, Wenqin -- Zhuang, Xiaowei -- Rudner, David Z -- Mitchison, Tim -- R01 GM039565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM039565-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073831/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM096450/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM073831/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM096450/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM39565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1203285. Epub 2011 Jun 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ethan.garner@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacillus subtilis/drug effects/*growth & development/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Wall/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Morphogenesis ; Motion ; Mutation ; Peptidoglycan/chemistry/*metabolism ; Polymerization ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Does family planning bring down fertility? (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):548-9. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6042.548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Birth Rate ; Contraception/*utilization ; Developing Countries ; *Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-28
    Description: With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelfand, Michele J -- Raver, Jana L -- Nishii, Lisa -- Leslie, Lisa M -- Lun, Janetta -- Lim, Beng Chong -- Duan, Lili -- Almaliach, Assaf -- Ang, Soon -- Arnadottir, Jakobina -- Aycan, Zeynep -- Boehnke, Klaus -- Boski, Pawel -- Cabecinhas, Rosa -- Chan, Darius -- Chhokar, Jagdeep -- D'Amato, Alessia -- Ferrer, Montse -- Fischlmayr, Iris C -- Fischer, Ronald -- Fulop, Marta -- Georgas, James -- Kashima, Emiko S -- Kashima, Yoshishima -- Kim, Kibum -- Lempereur, Alain -- Marquez, Patricia -- Othman, Rozhan -- Overlaet, Bert -- Panagiotopoulou, Penny -- Peltzer, Karl -- Perez-Florizno, Lorena R -- Ponomarenko, Larisa -- Realo, Anu -- Schei, Vidar -- Schmitt, Manfred -- Smith, Peter B -- Soomro, Nazar -- Szabo, Erna -- Taveesin, Nalinee -- Toyama, Midori -- Van de Vliert, Evert -- Vohra, Naharika -- Ward, Colleen -- Yamaguchi, Susumu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1100-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1197754.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. mgelfand@psyc.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Behavior ; *Cross-Cultural Comparison ; *Cultural Characteristics ; Female ; Government ; Humans ; Male ; Permissiveness ; Political Systems ; Population Density ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Conformity ; Social Control, Formal ; *Social Values ; Young Adult
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