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  • Articles  (495)
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  • 2000-2004  (44)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization osteoporosis and active vitamin D: Effect of active vitamin D analogs on the development of immobilization osteoporosis in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 623-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Immobilization ; Rats ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs, 1,24(R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(R)(OH)2D3], 1,24(S)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(S)(OH)2D3], and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] on immobilization osteoporosis were studied in rats. The right hind limb was immobilized through application of a plaster cast following the section of the sciatic nerve. The left hind limb was intact. Vitamin D analogs were orally administered for 6 weeks at dose levels of 0.02 and 0.10µg/kg/day, respectively. The mean lengths of the immobilized femurs were not significantly different from those of the intact femurs in all the experimental groups. In the immobilized femur of animals treated with 1,24(R)(OH)2D3, 0.10µg/kg, dry and ash weights were heavier and calcium and phosphorus contents greater than those in the nontreated group. Furthermore, the amount of calcified bone mass and the cortical thickness of the femurs of the immobilized limb in 1,24(R)(OH)2D3-treated animals were greater than those in the nontreated animals. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 0.10µg/kg caused an increase of the bone mass in both immobilized and intact femurs when compared with those of the control group. It was concluded that the administration of 1,24(R)(OH)2D3 diminished the effect of immobilization in the development of osteoporosis without any side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409500
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of dermestid beetles for cleaning bones (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dermestid beetles ; Cleaning bones ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Various parts of the skeleton of normal and osteoporotic rats were compared with respect to their dry weight, ash weight, and calcium content when the bones were cleaned byDermestes maculatus beetles or manually. Both techniques gave similar results. This was also true when whole body calcium measured by neutron activation and total skeletal calcium from bones cleaned by the beetles were compared. Thus dermestid beetles are useful as a technique to clean bones, especially for the parts of the skeleton which are difficult to dissect by hand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407166
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of castration on the bone structure of male rats: A model of osteoporosis (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Castration ; Density ; Femur ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Forty young (23-day-old) and thirty old (1-year-old) male rats were castrated and sacrificed with controls at intervals up to 18 months of age. No differences were observed between femurs or mandibles of rats castrated at 23 days and those of controls. Year-old castrate rats developed femoral osteoporosis after 2 months, which became more pronounced 4 months after castration. This was characterized by reductions in femoral density, dry weight, dry weight per unit length, and ash weight, and by the appearance of resorption cavities in diaphyseal walls and a sparsity of trabeculae in metaphyses and epiphyses of castrate femurs. These results indicate that the year-old castrate male rat may be a valuable experimental model for studies of the treatment of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408524
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on the occurrence and activity of extracellular matrix vesicles in young and adult rat maxillary bone (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Young/adult ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of matrix vesicles in the maxillary bone of normal young and adult rats was demonstrated by both ultrastructural and enzymatic studies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the vesicles are invested in trilaminar membranes. Occasionally, crystals were found both within the vesicles and in the surrounding matrix. Separated fractions of vesicles, membranes, and cells were studied biochemically. The amounts of vesicular protein and enzymatic activity per gram bone in the adult rats were significantly lower than in the young. This coincides with the higher number of vesicles observed in the TEM specimens of young rats when compared to that in the old ones. The specific activities of all enzymes examined in the three bone fractions obtained from both young and adult rats were similar. This indicates that no significant difference exists in the enzymatic characteristics of matrix vesicles from the maxillary bone of young and adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409425
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 679-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontogenesis ; Rats ; Cyclophosphamide ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rodent odontogenesis were investigated by light and electron microscopy in four-day-old Sprague Dawley rats given one injection of 40 mg/kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide and killed at intervals of one hour, one day, one week and two weeks. Incisor and molar teeth were dissected from the animals, fixed in 2.0% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate with 3.4% sucrose, and subsequently some were incubated for alkaline phosphatase reaction, and embedded in Spurr's medium for sectioning at light- and electron-microscopic levels. From three days a cell-sparse zone was created in the pulp in the growing end of the tooth and progressive cellular changes were observed which became more severe in the one-week and two-week specimens. Subodontoblast and adjacent pulpal cells were the most affected showing nuclear changes, damage to, or loss of, organelles, and inclusion bodies. Odontogenic epithelium was less affected and odontoblasts appeared to be unaffected by the drug. A new irregular matrix was laid down in the defect area and seemed to be the product of depolarized odontoblasts. This new matrix showed alkaline phosphatase activity, as did the cells embedded in it, and later it became mineralized. It is speculated that the polarity of odontoblasts might be maintained by an intact subodontoblastic layer; when this is lost the odontoblasts become depolarized and capable of secreting matrix from both ends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218659
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereological studies on the small intestinal epithelium of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestinal mucosa ; Small intestinal epithelium ; Ultrastructure ; Duodenum ; Jejunum ; Stereology ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative macroscopic, light-microscopic and electron-microscopic studies were performed on the small intestine of fasted and non-fasted adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In non-fasted rats the small intestine was longer than in fasted rats. Due to the presence of villi the surface area in the duodenum and the jejunum was enlarged about six times. The microvilli on the villous crests caused a surface enlargement by 13 times in the duodenum (value corrected for overestimation due to section thickness), and 19 times in the jejunum of the fasted rats. At the base of the villi these values were about 50% lower. It was calculated that, in the fasted rats, the total enlargement of the luminal surface area — due to villi and microvilli — was 63 times in the duodenum and 81 times in the jejunum (corrected for section thickness). Differences between the villous crest epithelium and the villous base epithelium were also found with regard to the mean cell height, and the volume densities of the absorptive cell nuclei, the mitochondria, and the paracellular channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233821
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological observations on the effects of isoproterenol on regenerating submandibular glands of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Isoproterenol ; Regeneration ; Submandibular glands ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of isoproterenol (IPR) on acinar cell mitoses was studied in regenerating submandibular glands of the rat following partial extirpation. In controls, mitoses of acinar cells were markedly higher on the cut surface (reactive zone) than in the remainder of the gland through 10 ds post-operation. In experimental animals by 5 ds, a burst of mitoses of acinar cells was seen in all areas of the gland except the reactive zone. In the reactive zone, IPR appears to suppress or inhibit the induced mitoses seen in controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237887
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axoplasmic flow of tritiated proline in the corticospinal tract of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axoplasmic flow ; Corticospinal tract ; Tritiated proline ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rates of axoplasmic transport were studied in the corticospinal tract of the rat by injecting tritiated proline into the sensory-motor cortex and subsequently analyzing the distribution of incorporated label in the spinal cord at intervals after injection. A mathematical model of the anatomy of the corticospinal tract was developed and used in analysis of the data. The rate of a fast component was calculated to be 240–420 mm per day, which is comparable with rates of fast components in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but considerably greater than rates in other tracts in the central nervous system. A slow component was calculated to have a transport rate of 3–8 mm per day which is greater than rates found either in the CNS or PNS. This higher rate may be related to the greater length of the corticospinal tract as compared to other CNS tracts studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249212
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  • 9
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    Facilitation of spinal NMDA receptor currents by spillover of synaptically released glycine (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: In the mammalian CNS, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors serve prominent roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes including pain transmission. For full activation, NMDA receptors require the binding of glycine. It is not known whether the brain uses changes in extracellular glycine to modulate synaptic NMDA responses. Here, we show that synaptically released glycine facilitates NMDA receptor currents in the superficial dorsal horn, an area critically involved in pain processing. During high presynaptic activity, glycine released from inhibitory interneurons escapes the synaptic cleft and reaches nearby NMDA receptors by so-called spillover. In vivo, this process may contribute to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahmadi, Seifollah -- Muth-Selbach, Uta -- Lauterbach, Andreas -- Lipfert, Peter -- Neuhuber, Winfried L -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glycine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Serine/pharmacology ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Derepression of BDNF transcription involves calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Mutations in MeCP2, which encodes a protein that has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional repressor, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RT T), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. Although the selective inactivation of MeCP2 in neurons is sufficient to confer a Rett-like phenotype in mice, the specific functions of MeCP2 in postmitotic neurons are not known. We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene. Membrane depolarization triggers the calcium-dependent phosphorylation and release of MeCP2 from BDNF promoter III, thereby facilitating transcription. These studies indicate that MeCP2 plays a key role in the control of neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation and suggest that the deregulation of this process may underlie the pathology of RT T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wen G -- Chang, Qiang -- Lin, Yingxi -- Meissner, Alexander -- West, Anne E -- Griffith, Eric C -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):885-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Experience strengthening transmission by driving AMPA receptors into synapses (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: The mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity in the brain may depend on the AMPA subclass of glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs). We examined the trafficking of AMPA-Rs into synapses in the developing rat barrel cortex. In vivo gene delivery was combined with in vitro recordings to show that experience drives recombinant GluR1, an AMPA-R subunit, into synapses formed between layer 4 and layer 2/3 neurons. Moreover, expression of the GluR1 cytoplasmic tail, a construct that inhibits synaptic delivery of endogenous AMPA-Rs during long-term potentiation, blocked experience-driven synaptic potentiation. In general, synaptic incorporation of AMPA-Rs in vivo conforms to rules identified in vitro and contributes to plasticity driven by natural stimuli in the mammalian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, Takuya -- Svoboda, Karel -- Malinow, Roberto -- NS032827/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS038259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jones Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*metabolism/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sindbis Virus/genetics ; Somatosensory Cortex/*metabolism/virology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Touch ; Vibrissae/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Cranial radiation therapy causes a progressive decline in cognitive function that is linked to impaired neurogenesis. Chronic inflammation accompanies radiation injury, suggesting that inflammatory processes may contribute to neural stem cell dysfunction. Here, we show that neuroinflammation alone inhibits neurogenesis and that inflammatory blockade with indomethacin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, restores neurogenesis after endotoxin-induced inflammation and augments neurogenesis after cranial irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monje, Michelle L -- Toda, Hiroki -- Palmer, Theo D -- F30 NS04696701/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH20016-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1760-5. Epub 2003 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, MSLS P309, Mail Code 5487, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indomethacin/*pharmacology ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Mitotic Index ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Eukaryotic intron loss (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mourier, Tobias -- Jeffares, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. tmourier@zi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Fungi/genetics ; Humans ; Insects/genetics ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; *Introns ; Mice ; Plasmodium/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Takifugu/genetics ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    TRB3: a tribbles homolog that inhibits Akt/PKB activation by insulin in liver (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Insulin resistance is a major hallmark in the development of type II diabetes, which is characterized by the failure of insulin to promote glucose uptake in muscle and to suppress glucose production in liver. The serine-threonine kinase Akt (PKB) is a principal target of insulin signaling that inhibits hepatic glucose output when glucose is available from food. Here we show that TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles, functions as a negative modulator of Akt. TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase. Amounts of TRB3 RNA and protein were increased in livers of db/db diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type mice. Hepatic overexpression of TRB3 in amounts comparable to those in db/db mice promoted hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Our results suggest that, by interfering with Akt activation, TRB3 contributes to insulin resistance in individuals with susceptibility to type II diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Keyong -- Herzig, Stephan -- Kulkarni, Rohit N -- Montminy, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Society for Neuroscience meeting. Pills and games help conquer fear (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cycloserine/*therapeutic use ; *Fear ; Humans ; Learning ; Phobic Disorders/*therapy ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists/*metabolism ; *User-Computer Interface
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Stability of retrieved memory: inverse correlation with trace dominance (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: In memory consolidation, the memory trace stabilizes and becomes resistant to certain amnesic agents. The textbook account is that for any memorized item, consolidation starts and ends just once. However, evidence has accumulated that upon activation in retrieval, the trace may reconsolidate. Whereas some authors reported transient renewed susceptibility of retrieved memories to consolidation blockers, others could not detect it. Here, we report that in both conditioned taste aversion in the rat and fear conditioning in the medaka fish, the stability of retrieved memory is inversely correlated with the control of behavior by that memory. This result may explain some conflicting findings on reconsolidation of activated memories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberg, Mark -- Kobilo, Tali -- Berman, Diego E -- Dudai, Yadin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12934010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Anisomycin/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Extinction, Psychological/drug effects ; Fear ; Male ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Oryzias ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taste ; meta-Aminobenzoates
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Micellar nanocontainers distribute to defined cytoplasmic organelles (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Block copolymer micelles are water-soluble biocompatible nanocontainers with great potential for delivering hydrophobic drugs. An understanding of their cellular distribution is essential to achieving selective delivery of drugs at the subcellular level. Triple-labeling confocal microscopy in live cells revealed the localization of micelles in several cytoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria, but not in the nucleus. Moreover, micelles change the cellular distribution of and increase the amount of the agent delivered to the cells. These micelles may thus be worth exploring for their potential to selectively deliver drugs to specified subcellular targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savic, Radoslav -- Luo, Laibin -- Eisenberg, Adi -- Maysinger, Dusica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azides/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Drug Carriers/chemistry/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Ethylene Oxide/chemistry/metabolism ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescence ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lactones/chemistry/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; *Micelles ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Nanotechnology ; Organelles/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry ; Polymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Rhodamines/chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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    Allosteric activators of glucokinase: potential role in diabetes therapy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. We describe a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (Vmax) of GK. GKAs augment both hepatic glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rodent pancreatic islets, consistent with the expression and function of GK in both cell types. In several rodent models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, GKAs lowered blood glucose levels, improved the results of glucose tolerance tests, and increased hepatic glucose uptake. These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimsby, Joseph -- Sarabu, Ramakanth -- Corbett, Wendy L -- Haynes, Nancy-Ellen -- Bizzarro, Fred T -- Coffey, John W -- Guertin, Kevin R -- Hilliard, Darryl W -- Kester, Robert F -- Mahaney, Paige E -- Marcus, Linda -- Qi, Lida -- Spence, Cheryl L -- Tengi, John -- Magnuson, Mark A -- Chu, Chang An -- Dvorozniak, Mark T -- Matschinsky, Franz M -- Grippo, Joseph F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Keto Acids/metabolism ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Anterior-posterior guidance of commissural axons by Wnt-frizzled signaling (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Commissural neurons in the mammalian dorsal spinal cord send axons ventrally toward the floor plate, where they cross the midline and turn anteriorly toward the brain; a gradient of chemoattractant(s) inside the spinal cord controls this turning. In rodents, several Wnt proteins stimulate the extension of commissural axons after midline crossing (postcrossing). We found that Wnt4 messenger RNA is expressed in a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient in the floor plate, and that a directed source of Wnt4 protein attracted postcrossing commissural axons. Commissural axons in mice lacking the Wnt receptor Frizzled3 displayed anterior-posterior guidance defects after midline crossing. Thus, Wnt-Frizzled signaling guides commissural axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyuksyutova, Anna I -- Lu, Chin-Chun -- Milanesio, Nancy -- King, Leslie A -- Guo, Nini -- Wang, Yanshu -- Nathans, Jeremy -- Tessier-Lavigne, Marc -- Zou, Yimin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1984-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cues ; Culture Techniques ; Diffusion ; Frizzled Receptors ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrastructure ; In Situ Hybridization ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/*physiology ; Proteins/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Transfection ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt4 Protein
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    Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: Nitric oxide was found to trigger mitochondrial biogenesis in cells as diverse as brown adipocytes and 3T3-L1, U937, and HeLa cells. This effect of nitric oxide was dependent on guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and was mediated by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by exposure to cold was markedly reduced in brown adipose tissue of endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant (eNOS-/-) mice, which had a reduced metabolic rate and accelerated weight gain as compared to wild-type mice. Thus, a nitric oxide-cGMP-dependent pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis and body energy balance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nisoli, Enzo -- Clementi, Emilio -- Paolucci, Clara -- Cozzi, Valeria -- Tonello, Cristina -- Sciorati, Clara -- Bracale, Renata -- Valerio, Alessandra -- Francolini, Maura -- Moncada, Salvador -- Carruba, Michele O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):896-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Preclinical Sciences, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20157, Italy. enzo.nisoli@unimi.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Adipocytes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; High Mobility Group Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitochondrial Proteins ; Motor Activity ; NF-E2-Related Factor 1 ; Nitric Oxide/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Respiratory Factors ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Oxadiazoles/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Penicillamine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Quinoxalines/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; U937 Cells ; Weight Gain
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    Environmental noise retards auditory cortical development (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: The mammalian auditory cortex normally undergoes rapid and progressive functional maturation. Here we show that rearing infant rat pups in continuous, moderate-level noise delayed the emergence of adultlike topographic representational order and the refinement of response selectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) long beyond normal developmental benchmarks. When those noise-reared adult rats were subsequently exposed to a pulsed pure-tone stimulus, A1 rapidly reorganized, demonstrating that exposure-driven plasticity characteristic of the critical period was still ongoing. These results demonstrate that A1 organization is shaped by a young animal's exposure to salient, structured acoustic inputs-and implicate noise as a risk factor for abnormal child development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Edward F -- Merzenich, Michael M -- NS-10414/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-38416/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):498-502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. echang@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Auditory Cortex/*growth & development/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Noise/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors
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    Identified sources and targets of slow inhibition in the neocortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: There are two types of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the cerebral cortex. Fast inhibition is mediated by ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, and slow inhibition is due to metabotropic GABA(B) receptors. Several neuron classes elicit inhibitory postsynaptic potentials through GABA(A) receptors, but possible distinct sources of slow inhibition remain unknown. We identified a class of GABAergic interneurons, the neurogliaform cells, that, in contrast to other GABA-releasing cells, elicited combined GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor-mediated responses with single action potentials and that predominantly targeted the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons. Slow inhibition evoked by a distinct interneuron in spatially restricted postsynaptic compartments could locally and selectively modulate cortical excitability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamas, Gabor -- Lorincz, Andrea -- Simon, Andrea -- Szabadics, Janos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Comparative Physiology, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary. gtamas@bio.u-szeged.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists ; Interneurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Pyridazines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, GABA-A/physiology ; Receptors, GABA-B/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Nuclear membrane proteins with potential disease links found by subtractive proteomics (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: To comprehensively identify integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE), we prepared separately NEs and organelles known to cofractionate with them from liver. Proteins detected by multidimensional protein identification technology in the cofractionating organelles were subtracted from the NE data set. In addition to all 13 known NE integral proteins, 67 uncharacterized open reading frames with predicted membrane-spanning regions were identified. All of the eight proteins tested targeted to the NE, indicating that there are substantially more integral proteins of the NE than previously thought. Furthermore, 23 of these mapped within chromosome regions linked to a variety of dystrophies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schirmer, Eric C -- Florens, Laurence -- Guan, Tinglu -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Gerace, Larry -- F32 GM19085/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1380-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cell Fractionation ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Liver/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Membrane Proteins/*analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nuclear Envelope/*chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/*analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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    Characterization of mammalian selenoproteomes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: In the genetic code, UGA serves as a stop signal and a selenocysteine codon, but no computational methods for identifying its coding function are available. Consequently, most selenoprotein genes are misannotated. We identified selenoprotein genes in sequenced mammalian genomes by methods that rely on identification of selenocysteine insertion RNA structures, the coding potential of UGA codons, and the presence of cysteine-containing homologs. The human selenoproteome consists of 25 selenoproteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kryukov, Gregory V -- Castellano, Sergi -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Zehtab, Omid -- Guigo, Roderic -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- GM61603/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1439-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon ; Codon, Terminator ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics ; *Proteome ; Rats ; *Selenium ; Selenocysteine/chemistry/*genetics ; Selenoproteins ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Software
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    Requirement of mammalian Timeless for circadian rhythmicity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Despite a central circadian role in Drosophila for the transcriptional regulator Timeless (dTim), the relevance of mammalian Timeless (mTim) remains equivocal. Conditional knockdown of mTim protein expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) disrupted SCN neuronal activity rhythms, and altered levels of known core clock elements. Full-length mTim protein (mTIM-fl) exhibited a 24-hour oscillation, where as a truncated isoform (mTIM-s) was constitutively expressed. mTIM-fl associated with the mammalian clock Period proteins (mPERs) in oscillating SCN cells. These data suggest that mTim is required for rhythmicity and is a functional homolog of dTim on the negative-feedback arm of the mammalian molecular clockwork.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, Jessica W -- Tischkau, Shelley A -- Barnes, Jeffrey A -- Mitchell, Jennifer W -- Burgoon, Penny W -- Hickok, Jason R -- Gillette, Martha U -- GM07143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL67007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS10170/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11134/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11158/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS22155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS35859/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL067007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS022155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS035859/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):439-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Electrophysiology ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Neurons/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Developmental biology. Newborn neurons search for meaning (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):32-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Memory ; Mice ; Neurons/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Prolactin/genetics/physiology ; Seasons ; Smell ; Songbirds/physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Hirschsprung disease is linked to defects in neural crest stem cell function (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Genes associated with Hirschsprung disease, a failure to form enteric ganglia in the hindgut, were highly up-regulated in gut neural crest stem cells relative to whole-fetus RNA. One of these genes, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor Ret, was necessary for neural crest stem cell migration in the gut. GDNF promoted the migration of neural crest stem cells in culture but did not affect their survival or proliferation. Gene expression profiling, combined with reverse genetics and analyses of stem cell function, suggests that Hirschsprung disease is caused by defects in neural crest stem cell function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwashita, Toshihide -- Kruger, Genevieve M -- Pardal, Ricardo -- Kiel, Mark J -- Morrison, Sean J -- CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK58771/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NIH5P60-DK20572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR48310/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P60-AR20557/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040750/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS040750-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS40750-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 HD40760-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):972-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Movement ; Cell Separation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Digestive System/cytology/*embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Hirschsprung Disease/*etiology/genetics ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neural Crest/*cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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    American Chemical Society meeting. Molecular scaffolding helps raise a crop of neurons (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):46-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrocarbons ; Mice ; *Nanotechnology ; Neurons/*cytology ; *Peptides/chemistry ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy ; Stem Cells/*cytology
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    Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Diego J -- Peter, Jens-Uwe -- Bashammakh, Saleh -- Hortnagl, Heide -- Voits, Mechthild -- Fink, Heidrun -- Bader, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 3;299(5603):76.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany. dwalther@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; Duodenum/enzymology/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/*biosynthesis ; Transfection ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mutation of MEF2A in an inherited disorder with features of coronary artery disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-03
    Description: The early genetic pathway(s) triggering the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) remain largely unknown. Here, we describe an autosomal dominant form of CAD/MI (adCAD1) that is caused by the deletion of seven amino acids in transcription factor MEF2A. The deletion disrupts nuclear localization of MEF2A, reduces MEF2A-mediated transcription activation, and abolishes synergistic activation by MEF2A and by the transcription factor GATA-1 through a dominant-negative mechanism. The MEF2A protein demonstrates strong expression in the endothelium of coronary arteries. These results identify a pathogenic gene for a familial vascular disease with features of CAD and implicate the MEF2A signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of CAD/MI.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618876/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618876/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Lejin -- Fan, Chun -- Topol, Sarah E -- Topol, Eric J -- Wang, Qing -- R01 HL065630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL65630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL66251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arteries/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Coronary Vessels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; GATA1 Transcription Factor ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; MADS Domain Proteins ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/*genetics/metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Risk Factors ; *Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Diffusion dynamics of glycine receptors revealed by single-quantum dot tracking (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are nanometer-sized fluorescent probes suitable for advanced biological imaging. We used QDs to track individual glycine receptors (GlyRs) and analyze their lateral dynamics in the neuronal membrane of living cells for periods ranging from milliseconds to minutes. We characterized multiple diffusion domains in relation to the synaptic, perisynaptic, or extrasynaptic GlyR localization. The entry of GlyRs into the synapse by diffusion was observed and further confirmed by electron microscopy imaging of QD-tagged receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahan, Maxime -- Levi, Sabine -- Luccardini, Camilla -- Rostaing, Philippe -- Riveau, Beatrice -- Triller, Antoine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS UMR 8552, Ecole Normale Superieure and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France. maxime.dahan@lkb.ens.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence ; *Fluorescent Dyes ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Nanotechnology ; Neurites/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Neurons/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Pyridinium Compounds ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glycine/*metabolism ; Semiconductors ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Synapses/metabolism/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inhibition of neuroepithelial patched-induced apoptosis by sonic hedgehog (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: During early development in vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by the notochord and the floor plate. A ventrodorsal gradient of Shh directs ventrodorsal patterning of the neural tube. However, Shh is also required for the survival of neuroepithelial cells. We show that Patched (Ptc) induces apoptotic cell death unless its ligand Shh is present to block the signal. Moreover, the blockade of Ptc-induced cell death partly rescues the chick spinal cord defect provoked by Shh deprivation. Thus, the proapoptotic activity of unbound Ptc and the positive effect of Shh-bound Ptc on cell differentiation probably cooperate to achieve the appropriate spinal cord development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thibert, Chantal -- Teillet, Marie-Aimee -- Lapointe, Francoise -- Mazelin, Laetitia -- Le Douarin, Nicole M -- Mehlen, Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):843-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Apoptosis/Differentiation Laboratory, "La Ligue," Molecular and Cellular Genetic Center, CNRS Unite Mixte Recherche (UMR) 5534, University of Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Electroporation ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/cytology/embryology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    A targeting motif involved in sodium channel clustering at the axonal initial segment (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: The sorting of sodium channels to axons and the formation of clusters are of primary importance for neuronal electrogenesis. Here, we showed that the cytoplasmic loop connecting domains II and III of the Nav1 subunit contains a determinant conferring compartmentalization in the axonal initial segment of rat hippocampal neurons. Expression of a soluble Nav1.2II-III linker protein led to the disorganization of endogenous sodium channels. The motif was sufficient to redirect a somatodendritic potassium channel to the axonal initial segment, a process involving association with ankyrin G. Thus, this motif may play a fundamental role in controlling electrical excitability during development and plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garrido, Juan Jose -- Giraud, Pierre -- Carlier, Edmond -- Fernandes, Fanny -- Moussif, Anissa -- Fache, Marie-Pierre -- Debanne, Dominique -- Dargent, Benedicte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 464, Institut Jean Roche, Universite de la Mediterranee, Faculte de Medecine Secteur-Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, 13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ankyrins/metabolism ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NAV1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Neuroscience. Stout guards of the central nervous system (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Endocannabinoids have paradoxical effects on the mammalian nervous system: Sometimes they block neuronal excitability and other times they augment it. In their Perspective, Mechoulam and Lichtman discuss new work (Marsicano et al.) showing that activation of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 by the endocannabinoid anandamide protects against excitotoxic damage in a mouse model of kainic acid-induced epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mechoulam, R -- Lichtman, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. mechou@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/metabolism ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Brain Diseases/drug therapy ; Cannabidiol/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ; Cannabinoids/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Convulsants/metabolism ; Dronabinol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Endocannabinoids ; Epilepsy/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glycerides/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/*metabolism ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Rats ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Medicine. Drug deals diabetes a one-two punch (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Rats
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    Essential role of Fkbp6 in male fertility and homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: Meiosis is a critical stage of gametogenesis in which alignment and synapsis of chromosomal pairs occur, allowing for the recombination of maternal and paternal genomes. Here we show that FK506 binding protein (Fkbp6) localizes to meiotic chromosome cores and regions of homologous chromosome synapsis. Targeted inactivation of Fkbp6 in mice results in aspermic males and the absence of normal pachytene spermatocytes. Moreover, we identified the deletion of Fkbp6 exon 8 as the causative mutation in spontaneously male sterile as/as mutant rats. Loss of Fkbp6 results in abnormal pairing and misalignments between homologous chromosomes, nonhomologous partner switches, and autosynapsis of X chromosome cores in meiotic spermatocytes. Fertility and meiosis are normal in Fkbp6 mutant females. Thus, Fkbp6 is a component of the synaptonemal complex essential for sex-specific fertility and for the fidelity of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882960/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crackower, Michael A -- Kolas, Nadine K -- Noguchi, Junko -- Sarao, Renu -- Kikuchi, Kazuhiro -- Kaneko, Hiroyuki -- Kobayashi, Eiji -- Kawai, Yasuhiro -- Kozieradzki, Ivona -- Landers, Rushin -- Mo, Rong -- Hui, Chi-Chung -- Nieves, Edward -- Cohen, Paula E -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Wada, Teiji -- Kunieda, Tetsuo -- Moens, Peter B -- Penninger, Josef M -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), c/o Dr. Bohrgasse 7, 1030, Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chromosome Pairing/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Fertility/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/genetics/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/physiology ; Prophase ; Rats ; Sequence Deletion ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatocytes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Spermatogenesis ; Synaptonemal Complex/*physiology ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Testis/physiology ; X Chromosome/physiology
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    High-probability uniquantal transmission at excitatory synapses in barrel cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: The number of vesicles released at excitatory synapses and the number of release sites per synaptic connection are key determinants of information processing in the cortex, yet they remain uncertain. Here we show that the number of functional release sites and the number of anatomically identified synaptic contacts are equal at connections between spiny stellate and pyramidal cells in rat barrel cortex. Moreover, our results indicate that the amount of transmitter released per synaptic contact is independent of release probability and the intrinsic release probability is high. These properties suggest that connections between layer 4 and layer 2/3 are tuned for reliable transmission of spatially distributed, timing-based signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silver, R Angus -- Lubke, Joachim -- Sakmann, Bert -- Feldmeyer, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1981-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. a.silver@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kynurenic Acid/pharmacology ; Lysine/*analogs & derivatives ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Molecular biology. MeCP2 repression goes nonglobal (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klose, Robert -- Bird, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; CpG Islands/*physiology ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nervous System/embryology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Detection of hydroxyl ions in bone mineral by solid-state NMR spectroscopy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: Previous measurements of the hydroxyl (OH-) ion content of the calcium phosphate crystals of bone mineral have indicated a substantial depletion or near-absence of OH-, despite its presumed status as a constituent of the hydroxyapatite lattice. Analytical methods for determining bone crystal OH- content have depended on procedures or assumptions that may have biased the results, such as chemical pretreatment to eliminate interference from the organic matrix. We demonstrate a two-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technique that detects the proton spectrum of bone crystals while suppressing the interfering matrix signals, eliminating the need for specimen pretreatment other than cryogenic grinding. Results on fresh-frozen and ground whole bone of several mammalian species show that the bone crystal OH- is readily detectable; a rough estimate yields an OH- content of human cortical bone of about 20% of the amount expected in stoichiometric hydroxyapatite. This finding sheds light on the biochemical processes underlying normal and abnormal bone mineral metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Gyunggoo -- Wu, Yaotang -- Ackerman, Jerome L -- AR42258/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RR03264/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1123-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomaterials Laboratory, NMR Center, Room 2301, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates/chemistry ; Cattle ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydroxides/*analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Minerals/chemistry ; Rats
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    Design and chemical synthesis of a homogeneous polymer-modified erythropoiesis protein (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kochendoerfer, Gerd G -- Chen, Shiah-Yun -- Mao, Feng -- Cressman, Sonya -- Traviglia, Stacey -- Shao, Haiyan -- Hunter, Christie L -- Low, Donald W -- Cagle, E Neil -- Carnevali, Maia -- Gueriguian, Vincent -- Keogh, Peter J -- Porter, Heather -- Stratton, Stephen M -- Wiedeke, M Con -- Wilken, Jill -- Tang, Jie -- Levy, Jay J -- Miranda, Les P -- Crnogorac, Milan M -- Kalbag, Suresh -- Botti, Paolo -- Schindler-Horvat, Janice -- Savatski, Laura -- Adamson, John W -- Kung, Ada -- Kent, Stephen B H -- Bradburne, James A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):884-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gryphon Therapeutics, 250 East Grand Avenue, Suite 90, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. Gkochendoerfer@gryphonRX.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Circular Dichroism ; *Drug Design ; Drug Stability ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/chemistry/pharmacology ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; *Polymers/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Protein Folding ; Proteins/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/drug effects/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Medicine. A sigh of relief for painkillers (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Animals ; Brain Stem/cytology/*metabolism ; Fentanyl/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pain Measurement ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 ; Respiration/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A modular PIP2 binding site as a determinant of capsaicin receptor sensitivity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: The capsaicin receptor (TRPV1), a heat-activated ion channel of the pain pathway, is sensitized by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis after phospholipase C activation. We identify a site within the C-terminal domain of TRPV1 that is required for PIP2-mediated inhibition of channel gating. Mutations that weaken PIP2-TRPV1 interaction reduce thresholds for chemical or thermal stimuli, whereas TRPV1 channels in which this region is replaced with a lipid-binding domain from PIP2-activated potassium channels remain inhibited by PIP2. The PIP2-interaction domain therefore serves as a critical determinant of thermal threshold and dynamic sensitivity range, tuning TRPV1, and thus the sensory neuron, to appropriately detect heat under normal or pathophysiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prescott, Elizabeth D -- Julius, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1284-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arsenicals/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Capsaicin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Xenopus
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    Targeted protein degradation and synapse remodeling by an inducible protein kinase (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: Synaptic plasticity involves the reorganization of synapses at the protein and the morphological levels. Here, we report activity-dependent remodeling of synapses by serum-inducible kinase (SNK). SNK was induced in hippocampal neurons by synaptic activity and was targeted to dendritic spines. SNK bound to and phosphorylated spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (SPAR), a postsynaptic actin regulatory protein, leading to degradation of SPAR. Induction of SNK in hippocampal neurons eliminated SPAR protein, depleted postsynaptic density-95 and Bassoon clusters, and caused loss of mature dendritic spines. These results implicate SNK as a mediator of activity-dependent change in the molecular composition and morphology of synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pak, Daniel T S -- Sheng, Morgan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1368-73. Epub 2003 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Neuroscience Research Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. dtp6@georgetown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Dendrites/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Induction ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Pseudopodia/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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    Neuroscience. The ups and downs of Wnt signaling (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imondi, Ralph -- Thomas, John B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1903-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. imondi@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Cues ; Diffusion ; Frizzled Receptors ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; Wnt4 Protein
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    Synaptic plasticity in spinal lamina I projection neurons that mediate hyperalgesia (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: Inflammation, trauma, or nerve injury may cause enduring hyperalgesia, an enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli. Neurons in lamina I of the spinal dorsal horn that express the neurokinin 1 receptor for substance P mediate this abnormal pain sensitivity by an unknown cellular mechanism. We report that in these, but not in other nociceptive lamina I cells, neurokinin 1 receptor-activated signal transduction pathways and activation of low-threshold (T-type) voltage-gated calcium channels synergistically facilitate activity- and calcium-dependent long-term potentiation at synapses from nociceptive nerve fibers. Thereby, memory traces of painful events are retained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikeda, Hiroshi -- Heinke, Bernhard -- Ruscheweyh, Ruth -- Sandkuhler, Jurgen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/*metabolism ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology ; Ion Channel Gating ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/physiology ; Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Nickel/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Posterior Horn Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Quinuclidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substance P/pharmacology
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    5-HT4(a) receptors avert opioid-induced breathing depression without loss of analgesia (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Opiates are widely used analgesics in anesthesiology, but they have serious adverse effects such as depression of breathing. This is caused by direct inhibition of rhythm-generating respiratory neurons in the Pre-Boetzinger complex (PBC) of the brainstem. We report that serotonin 4(a) [5-HT4(a)] receptors are strongly expressed in respiratory PBC neurons and that their selective activation protects spontaneous respiratory activity. Treatment of rats with a 5-HT4 receptor-specific agonist overcame fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and reestablished stable respiratory rhythm without loss of fentanyl's analgesic effect. These findings imply the prospect of a fine-tuned recovery from opioid-induced respiratory depression, through adjustment of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels through the convergent signaling pathways in neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manzke, Till -- Guenther, Ulf -- Ponimaskin, Evgeni G -- Haller, Miriam -- Dutschmann, Mathias -- Schwarzacher, Stephan -- Richter, Diethelm W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):226-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Goettingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/pharmacology ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Brain Stem/cytology/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Fentanyl/*pharmacology/toxicity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Medulla Oblongata/cytology/metabolism ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pain Measurement ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 ; Respiration/*drug effects ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord
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    Cell biology. NO says yes to mitochondria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Guy C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):838-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. gcb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide/*physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Oxygen Consumption ; Rats ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Weight Gain
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    Inactivation of TNF signaling by rationally designed dominant-negative TNF variants (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. We used structure-based design to engineer variant TNF proteins that rapidly form heterotrimers with native TNF to give complexes that neither bind to nor stimulate signaling through TNF receptors. Thus, TNF is inactivated by sequestration. Dominant-negative TNFs represent a possible approach to anti-inflammatory biotherapeutics, and experiments in animal models show that the strategy can attenuate TNF-mediated pathology. Similar rational design could be used to engineer inhibitors of additional TNF superfamily cytokines as well as other multimeric ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steed, Paul M -- Tansey, Malu G -- Zalevsky, Jonathan -- Zhukovsky, Eugene A -- Desjarlais, John R -- Szymkowski, David E -- Abbott, Christina -- Carmichael, David -- Chan, Cheryl -- Cherry, Lisa -- Cheung, Peter -- Chirino, Arthur J -- Chung, Hyo H -- Doberstein, Stephen K -- Eivazi, Araz -- Filikov, Anton V -- Gao, Sarah X -- Hubert, Rene S -- Hwang, Marian -- Hyun, Linus -- Kashi, Sandhya -- Kim, Alice -- Kim, Esther -- Kung, James -- Martinez, Sabrina P -- Muchhal, Umesh S -- Nguyen, Duc-Hanh T -- O'Brien, Christopher -- O'Keefe, Donald -- Singer, Karen -- Vafa, Omid -- Vielmetter, Jost -- Yoder, Sean C -- Dahiyat, Bassil I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Xencor, 111 West Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy ; Biopolymers ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Progression ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Galactosamine/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; *Protein Engineering ; Rats ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Neuroscience. Microglia: the enemy within? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kempermann, Gerd -- Neumann, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuronal Stem Cells Research Group, Max-Delbruck-Centrum fur Molekulare Medizin Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany. gerd.kempermann@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Hippocampus/cytology/immunology/*physiology/radiation effects ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Inflammation Mediators/physiology ; Interleukin-6/*physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Minocycline/pharmacology ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology/radiation effects
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    Roles of NPM2 in chromatin and nucleolar organization in oocytes and embryos (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Upon fertilization, remodeling of condensed maternal and paternal gamete DNA occurs to form the diploid genome. In Xenopus laevis, nucleoplasmin 2 (NPM2) decondenses sperm DNA in vitro. To study chromatin remodeling in vivo, we isolated mammalian NPM2 orthologs. Mouse NPM2 accumulates in oocyte nuclei and persists in preimplantation embryos. Npm2 knockout females have fertility defects owing to failed preimplantation embryo development. Although sperm DNA decondensation proceeds without NPM2, abnormalities are evident in oocyte and early embryonic nuclei. These defects include an absence of coalesced nucleolar structures and loss of heterochromatin and deacetylated histone H3 that normally circumscribe nucleoli in oocytes and early embryos, respectively. Thus, Npm2 is a maternal effect gene critical for nuclear and nucleolar organization and embryonic development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burns, Kathleen H -- Viveiros, Maria M -- Ren, Yongsheng -- Wang, Pei -- DeMayo, Francesco J -- Frail, Donald E -- Eppig, John J -- Matzuk, Martin M -- HD07495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD33438/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD42500/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):633-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleolus/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Chromatin/physiology/ultrastructure ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertilization ; Heterochromatin/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Nucleoplasmins ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Oogenesis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zygote/physiology
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    A wish list for learning about learning (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):79.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Diagnostic Imaging ; Fluorescent Dyes ; *Learning ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology
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    Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Qi -- Renard, Jean-Paul -- Le Friec, Gaelle -- Brochard, Vincent -- Beaujean, Nathalie -- Cherifi, Yacine -- Fraichard, Alexandre -- Cozzi, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1179. Epub 2003 Sep 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology and Reproduction Unit, INRA, Jouy en Josas, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fertility ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Male ; Meiosis ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley/*genetics/physiology
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    Immunofluorescence of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase in rat and minipig tissues injected with phenobarbital (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: The enzyme NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was identified by indirect immunofluorescence in hepatocytes, bronchioles, and proximal tubules of liver, lung, and kidney, respectively, of rats and minipigs that had been injected with phenobarbital or saline. The distribution of this component of the cytochrome P-450-mediated microsomal system may be relevant to sites of drug toxicity and carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dees, J H -- Coe, L D -- Yasukochi, Y -- Masters, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Kidney/drug effects/*enzymology ; Liver/drug effects/*enzymology ; Lung/drug effects/*enzymology ; Male ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Phenobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats
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    L-Ornithine decarboxylase:an essential role in early mammalian embryogenesis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
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    Bioactive conformation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: evidence from a conformationally constrained analog (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Reorganization of the axon membrane in demyelinated peripheral nerve fibers: morphological evidence (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Cytochemical staining of demyelinated peripheral axons revealed two types of axon membrane organization, one of which suggests that the demyelinated axolemma acquires a high density of sodium channels. Ferric ion-ferrocyanide stain was confined to a restricted region of axon membrane at the beginning of a demyelinated segment or was distributed throughout the demyelinated segment of axon. The latter pattern represents one possible morphological correlate of continuous conduction through a demyelinated segment and suggests a reorganization of the axolemma after demyelination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, R E -- Whalen, C C -- Waxman, S G -- NS-15320/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):661-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6159685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Male ; Neural Conduction ; Neurilemma/*metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
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    Doridosine: a new hypotensive N-methylpurine riboside from the nudibranch Anisodoris nobilis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: A new N-methylpurine riboside (doridosine), probably N1-Methylisoguanosine, was isolated from the digestive glands of a nudibranch. Doridosine produces prolonged hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized rats, decreases the rate and the amplitude of contraction of guinea pig atria in vitro, and causes the heart rate in anesthetized mice to be reduced by 50 percent for many hours after which the animals recover completely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuhrman, F A -- Fuhrman, G J -- Kim, Y H -- Pavelka, L A -- Mosher, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/*isolation & purification ; Guanosine/*analogs & derivatives/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Mice ; Mollusca/analysis ; Rats
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    DNA polymerases in parasitic protozoans differ from host enzymes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, L M -- Cheriathundam, E -- Mahoney, E M -- Cerami, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chickens ; DNA Polymerase I/analysis ; DNA Polymerase II/analysis ; DNA Polymerase III/analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis ; Fishes ; Immune Sera ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology
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    Oral contraceptives, lanosterol, and platelet hyperactivity in rat (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor that increases considerably in the platelets of rats treated with oral contraceptives, was incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspension. After 2 minutes there was a remarkable dose-related increase in platelet activity. This platelet hyperactivity was measured by clotting time and platelet aggregation could not be reproduced by cholesterol or ethinylestradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciavatti, M -- Dumont, E -- Benoit, C -- Renaud, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation/*drug effects ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lanosterol/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Rats
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    Neurochemical and behavioral evidence for a selective presynaptic dopamine receptor agonist (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: A new dopamine analog, 6,7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99), was compared to apomorphine in three tests of dopaminergic function in the central nervous system. The tests, performed on rats, included production of changes in locomotor activity (involving both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors), inhibition of dopa accumulation (quantifying presynaptic receptor activity), and the rotation model (quantifying postsynaptic receptor activation). Apomorphine was efficacious at both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors, whereas TL-99 was much more efficacious at the presynaptic receptor. This result indicates not only that differences exist between presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors, but also that these differences may be exploited in the design of selective dopamine agonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodale, D P -- Rusterholz, D B -- Long, J P -- Flynn, J R -- Walsh, B -- Cannon, J G -- Lee, T -- GM 12675/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-22365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naphthols ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects ; Synaptic Membranes/*drug effects ; *Tetrahydronaphthalenes
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    Phospholipid methylation and biological signal transmission (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-05
    Description: Many types of cells methylate phospholipids using two methyltransferase enzymes that are asymmetrically distributed in membranes. As the phospholipids are successively methylated, they are translocated from the inside to the outside of the membrane. When catecholamine neurotransmitters, lectins, immunoglobulins or chemotaxic peptides bind to the cell surface, they stimulate the methyltransferase enzymes and reduce membrane viscosity. The methylation of phospholipids is coupled to Ca2+ influx and the release of arachidonic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, and prostaglandins. These closely associated biochemical changes facilitate the transmission of many signals through membranes, resulting in the generation of adenosine 3',5'-monophophate in many cell types, release of histamine in mast cells and basophils, mitogenesis in lymphocytes, and chemotaxis in neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirata, F -- Axelrod, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 5;209(4461):1082-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Histamine Release ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism
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    Antibodies to cerebroside sulfate inhibit the effects of morphine and beta-endorphin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Morphine and beta-endorphin inhibit the shaking response of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats to ice water. Stereotaxically guided administration of antibodies to cerebroside sulfate into the periaqueductal gray region, the most sensitive brain region in which to demonstrate inhibition of this response, antagonizes the effect of morphine and beta-endorphin. These results suggest that cerebroside sulfate may be an integral component of an opiate receptor in rat brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craves, F B -- Zalc, B -- Leybin, L -- Baumann, N -- Loh, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):75-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Biological Assay ; Brain/*immunology ; Cerebral Aqueduct ; Endorphins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Morphine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*immunology ; Sulfoglycosphingolipids/*immunology
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    Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 can occur throughout the epidermis in the dermis when hypopigmented Caucasian skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation. Once previtamin D3 is formed in the skin, it undergoes a temperature-dependent thermal isomerization that takes at least 3 days to complete. The vitamin D-binding protein preferentially translocates the thermal product, vitamin D3, into the circulation. These processes suggest a unique mechanism for the synthesis, storage, and slow, steady release of vitamin D3 from the skin into the circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holick, M F -- MacLaughlin, J A -- Clark, M B -- Holick, S A -- Potts, J T Jr -- Anderson, R R -- Blank, I H -- Parrish, J A -- Elias, P -- AM25395-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM27334-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):203-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cholecalciferol/*biosynthesis ; Cholestadienols/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Photochemistry ; Rats ; Skin/cytology/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein
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    Excitatory and inhibitory effects of opiates in the rat vas deferens: a dual mechanism of opiate action (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Both natural (-)-morphine and its unnatural enantiomer (+)-morphine exert an excitatory action on electrically stimulated contractions of rat vas deferens. Preexposure to (-)-morphine results in cross-tolerance to the inhibitory action of beta-endorphin. (-)-Naloxone and its stereoisomer (+)-naloxone also exert an excitatory action, but only (-)-naloxone bocks the inhibtory action of beta-endorphin. Thus morphine exerts a dual action on a peripheral organ: one an inhibitory action mediated by the stereospecific endorphin receptor that is blocked stereospecifically by naloxone, the other an excitatory action mediated by a nonstereospecific receptor that is not blocked by naloxone. The opiate abstinence syndrome is seen as due to the unmasking of the excitatory action of opiates when its concomitant inhibitory influence is removed by selective blockade by naloxone or weakened by selective tolerance. The view that the rat vas deferens is devoid of morphine receptors is now seen as arising from a reverse example of morphine's dual action: the masking of the inhibitory action of morphine by its concomitant and more potent excitatory action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacquet, Y F -- DA 00367/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6158098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Male ; Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotics/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Stereoisomerism ; Substance P/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/*drug effects
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    Insulin receptors: differences in structural organization on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Comparison was made of the distribution of the insulin receptor sites on adipocyte and liver plasma membranes by using ferritin-insulin. Two-thirds of the occupied insulin receptors on adipocytes occurred in groups of two or more whereas up to two-thirds of the receptors on liver occurred as single receptors. Ferritin-insulin did not cause aggregation of the receptor sites in either tissue. The naturally occurring groups of receptors on adipocyte membranes may play a role in the greater sensitivity of adipocytes to insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jarett, L -- Schweitzer, J B -- Smith, R M -- AM 20097/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 AM 07296/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Insulin/metabolism ; Liver/*ultrastructure ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Fluidity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; *Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds
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    Dorsal root ganglion neurons are destroyed by exposure in utero to maternal antibody to nerve growth factor (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Rats and guinea pigs, when immunized with mouse nerve growth factor, produce antibodies that cross-react with their own nerve growth factor. The antibodies reach developing offspring of these animals both prenatally (rats and guinea pigs) and postnatally (rats). Depriving the fetus of nerve growth factor in this way results in the destruction of up to 85 percent of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as destruction of sympathetic neurons. Sensory neurons of placodal origin in the nodose ganglion were not affected. These data demonstrate that dorsal root ganglion neurons go through a phase of nerve growth factor dependence in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, E M Jr -- Gorin, P D -- Brandeis, L D -- Pearson, J -- HD12260/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL20604/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Guinea Pigs ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Milk/immunology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*immunology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Maternal glucocorticoid hormones influence neurotransmitter phenotypic expression in embryos (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: Treatment of pregnant rats with reserpine prevented the normal disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in presumptive neuroblasts of the embryonic gut. These cells normally express the noradrenergic phenotype transiently during embryonic development. The effect of reserpine was reproduced by treating mothers with hydrocortisone acetate. Moreover, the reserpine effect was blocked by treatment with dexamethasone, which inhibits the stress-induced increase in plasma glucocorticoids, and by mitotone, which causes adrenocortical cytolysis. It is concluded that reserpine, through the mediation of maternal glucocorticoid hormones, alters the phenotypic expression of these embryonic neuroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonakait, G M -- Bohn, M C -- Black, I B -- HD 12108/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 06400/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10259/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Intestines/*embryology/innervation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Reserpine/*pharmacology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*embryology
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    Visualization of specific angiotensin II binding sites in the brain by fluorescent microscopy (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-14
    Description: The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis has been implicated as the site of receptors mediating central responses of angiotensin II. Up to now, this had been based on indirect evidence, but direct visualization of angiotensin II at its site of action has now been achieved by the use of a biologically active fluorescent angiotensin II agonist. The ventricular surface of the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis showed intense fluorescence, which was virtually eliminated by an excess of unlabeled angiotensin II.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landas, S -- Phillips, M I -- Stamler, J F -- Raizada, M K -- AM25295/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL14388/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 14;210(4471):791-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/*metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral Ventricles/*metabolism ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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    Prolongation of islet xenograft survival without continuous immunosuppression (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The survival of isolated rat islets transplanted into diabetic mice was prolonged markedly by maintaining the rat islets in vitro at 24 degrees C for 7 days before transplantation and administering to the recipients a single injection of antiserum to mouse and rat lymphocytes shortly before transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacy, P E -- Davie, J M -- Finke, E H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):283-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Immunosuppression ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Isogeneic
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  • 70
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    Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: Single implantation of microencapsulated islets into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes corrected the diabetic state for 2 to 3 weeks. The microencapsulated islets remained morphologically and functionally intact throughout long-term culture studies lasting over 15 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, F -- Sun, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):908-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6776628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alginates/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Permeability ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 71
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    Liver tumors induced in rats by oral administration of the antihistaminic methapyrilene hydrochloride (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The antihistaminic over-the-counter drug methapyrilene hydrochloride, mixed with food at a concentration of 0.1 percent, was administered to 50 male and 50 female Fischer rats. A second group of 50 male and 50 female rats was given the same treatment together with 0.2 percent of sodium nitrite added to the food. Almost all of the rats in both groups developed liver neoplasms, mainly hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. The first rat died with a liver neoplasm at the 43rd week. Over 50 percent of the rats in both groups had metastases from the carcinomas of the liver to distant organs. Control rats treated with nitrite only, or untreated, did not develop liver neoplasms. There was no discernible effect of nitrite on the carcinogenicity of methapyrilene hydrochloride.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lijinsky, W -- Reuber, M D -- Blackwell, B N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):817-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyridines/*toxicity ; Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically induced/pathology ; Male ; Methapyrilene/*toxicity ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitrites ; Rats
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    Mutagenic activity in photocopies (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Extracts from several different photocopies were mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay. The mutagenic behavior was similar for extracts from copies and corresponding toners indicating that toners are directly responsible for the mutagenicity. The mutagenicity is caused by at least two classes of compounds which may be present either alone or in combination in any toner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lofroth, G -- Hefner, E -- Alfheim, I -- Mooller, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6996094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Carbon ; *Copying Processes ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Photography ; Pyrenes/adverse effects ; Rats ; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects
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  • 73
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    Sexual dimorphism in extent of axonal sprouting in rat hippocampus (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Sympathetic axons, normally innervating the extracerebral vasculature, sprout into denervated regions of the hippocampal formation after lesions of the medial septal nucleus or fimbria in adult female rats. Similar lesions in adult males also elicit the sympathetic ingrowth; however, the number of anomalous axons is greatly reduced and their distribution is altered. In adult males the sympathetic axons do not send out collaterals within the stratum oriens of region CA3 or the molecular layer or deep hilar regions of the area dentata, as they do in adult females. Lesions in juveniles of both sexes result in more vigorous sprouting than in their adult counterparts. In the young males the anomalous axons are distributed more extensively into the dentate molecular layer; in the young females the axons merely send out more collaterals within the same regions as in the adults. This sexually dimorphic response to central nervous system damage suggests either that the sprouting is affected by the hormonal environment of the mature hippocampal system or that this brain region, like the hypothalamus, may express permanent morphological or physiological differences as a result of exposure to sex steroids during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loy, R -- Milner, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1282-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Axons/growth & development ; Denervation ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Rats ; *Sex ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*cytology/growth & development
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    Ornithine decarboxylase is important in intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury in rats (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: A transient increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine biosynthesis occurs in the intestinal mucosa of the newborn rat in the third week after birth. During this period, there is a rapid conversion of the mucosa from a fetal to a mature adult status. A similar increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity also accompanies the rapid recovery of the mucosa 1 week after an injury is induced by chemotherapy in adult rats. In vivo, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, a highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor, suppresses these increases in mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and delays both intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury. Thus increased ornithine decarboxylase activity, with the resultant increase in polyamine content, may play an essential role in intestinal mucosal maturation and regeneration in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lux, G D -- Marton, L J -- Baylin, S B -- 5-R01-18404/PHS HHS/ -- 5-T32-AM-07192-03/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- P50-HL-19157-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Putrescine/metabolism ; Rats ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Wound Healing
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    Phenacetin safety (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macklin, A W -- Welch, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):129-30, 132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopyrine/adverse effects/toxicity ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutagens ; Phenacetin/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/toxicity ; Rats
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    Local effect of the blastocyst on estrogen and progesterone receptors in the rat endometrium (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-03-07
    Description: Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats. Decidualization in the absence of an embryo was not accompanied by a similar increase in the concentration of nuclear receptors. Moreover, this difference in receptor distribution between the implantation and nonimplantation areas persisted when a major part of the maternal supply of sex steroids was suppressed by ovariectomy on day 5 of pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that steroids originating from the embryo affect the endometrial implantation site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logeat, F -- Sartor, P -- Hai, M T -- Milgrom, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 7;207(4435):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; Castration ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Decidua/metabolism ; Endometrium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Pseudopregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism
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    Retina-dependent activation by apomorphine of metabolic activity in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-18
    Description: Studies of the effect of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on local cerebral glucose utilization by means of the carbon-14-labeled deoxyglucose method demonstrate a dose-dependent metabolic activation in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus in the rat. Apomorphine stimulated glucose utilization in a number of other cerebral structures, but only the effect in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus depended on an intact retinal input. This effect was present with the animal in the light or in the dark, but was abolished by enucleation, which left the effects in other cerebral structures unimpaired. Activation of the superificial layer of the superior colliculus appears, therefore, to be secondary to an action of apomorphine on dopaminergic systems within the retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCulloch, J -- Savaki, H E -- McCulloch, M C -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 18;207(4428):313-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/*pharmacology ; Dark Adaptation ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/drug effects/*metabolism ; Visual Cortex/metabolism ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Blue light and bilirubin excretion (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: Blue light converts bilirubin in the skin of jaundiced rats to metastable geometric isomers that are transported in blood and excreted in bile. The same reaction probably occurs in jaundiced babies exposed to light, particularly during treatment with phototherapy. Excretion of unisomerized bilirubin is prevented by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and the pigment has to be metabolized to more polar derivatives to be excreted efficiently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonagh, A F -- Palma, L A -- Lightner, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):145-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile/analysis ; Bilirubin/*blood/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/therapy ; Liver/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Conformation ; *Phototherapy ; Rats ; Skin/*radiation effects ; Spectrophotometry ; Stereoisomerism
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    Gap junction development is correlated with insulin content in the pancreatic B cell (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: The development of gap junctions between insulin-containing B cells was quantitatively analyzed in islets of Langerhans isolated from rats treated with the sulfonylurea glibenclamid for 1, 2, or 7 days. Glibenclamid treatment was associated with a marked depletion of the insulin content of B cells and with an increase in the number and size of gap junctions between these cells. A significance correlation was found between these two events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meda, P -- Halban, P -- Perrelet, A -- Renold, A E -- Orci, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication/drug effects ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Glyburide/*pharmacology ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 80
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    Mediation of diurnal fluctuations in pain sensitivity in the rat by food intake patterns: reversal by naloxone (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-10
    Description: Rats maintained on a 12-hour light-dark cycle were tested for pain sensitivity after being deprived of food during either the dark or the light phase of the cycle. Diurnal fluctuations in pain sensitivity were observed. The fluctuations followed food intake patterns rather than a natural circadian rhythm, with food deprivation producing a decrease in pain sensitivity. The analgesic response produced by this mild food deprivation was strongly attenuated by naloxone or feeding, suggesting that endogenous opioid systems may be related to patterns of food intake.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGivern, R F -- Berntson, G G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 10;210(4466):210-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7191143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Male ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Rats
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    Stress-induced eating is mediated through endogenous opiates (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: The interaction of endogenous opiates and stress-induced eating in rats was evaluated by pharmacological manipulation. Eating induced by the tail-pinch method was inhibited by the opitate antagonist naloxone; after being repeatedly stressed over a 10-day period and then given nalozone, the rats behaved in a manner indistinguishable from the "wet-dog" shakes of opiate withdrawal. Thus endogenous opiates may have a role in the control of stress-related eating, a finding that may have therapeutic implications for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morley, J E -- Levine, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cholecystokinin/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Male ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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    Intercellular adhesion: coconstruction of contractile heart tissue by cells of different species (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Dissociated embryonic rat myocardial cells and chick myocardial cells labeled with radioactive isotope coaggregate and establish intercellular junctions. These bispecific cells reconstruct synchronously beating myocardial tissue within 24 hours of culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nag, A C -- Cheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1150-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; *Cell Aggregation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Heart/*embryology ; Intercellular Junctions/ultrastructure ; Mosaicism ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Mild cold exposure increases survival in rats with medial preoptic lesions (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: High mortality rate in rats with large medial preoptic lesions discourage their use in studies of brain function. However, virtually all such animals (six out of seven) survived indefinitely if kept at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C for 2 hours before and 10 to 12 hours after the lesions were made. Although these rats appeared otherwise healthy, they could not maintain normal both temperatures in short-term cold tests. In contrast, five of the nine rats kept at 25 degrees C died within 10 hours after the operation, and three more died within 5 days. Rats kept at 25 degrees C had a much higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias than did rats kept at 15 degrees C, which may be responsible for their higher moratlity rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagel, J A -- Satinoff, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Brain/physiology ; *Cold Temperature ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Preoptic Area/*physiology/surgery ; Rats ; Vasoconstriction
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  • 84
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    Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The effects of a vitamin D deficiency on insulin and glucagon release was determined in the isolated perfused rat pancreas by radioimmunoassay of the secreted proteins. During a 30-minute period of perfusion with glucose and arginine, pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats exhibited a 48 percent reduction in insulin secretion compared to that for pancreases from vitamin D-deficient rats that had been replenished with vitamin D. Vitamin D status had no effect on pancreatic glucagon secretion. This result, along with the previously demonstrated presence in the pancreas of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and cytosol receptor for the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, indicates an important role for vitamin D in the endocrine functioning of the pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, A W -- Frankel, J B -- Heldt, A M -- Grodsky, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):823-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/*deficiency ; Glucagon/secretion ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*secretion ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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  • 85
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    Feeding: satiety signal from intestine triggers brain's noradrenergic mechanism (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus involved in feeding and satiety are activated by gastrointestinal receptors. In the unrestrained rat, sites were first identified at which norepinephrine injected in the medial hypothalamus caused spontaneous feeding, or in the lateral hypothalamus caused no response. The activity of in vivo norepinephrine at these two sites was characterized by localized push-pull perfusion. When a nutrient was infused directly into the rat's duodenum, the synaptic release of hypothalamic norepinephrine was enhanced at lateral sites insensitive to norepinephrine, but suppressed at medial sites reactive to norepinephrine. Thus, signals from duodenal receptors are conceivably sent to the rat's brain to end feeding by way of noradrenergic inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R D -- McCaleb, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1035-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Duodenum/innervation/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Glucose ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Rats ; Satiation/*physiology ; Satiety Response/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 86
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    Cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolases: differential properties in mammalian liver (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: The epoxide hydrolase activities of the 100,000 g pellet (microsomal) and 100,00 g soluble (cystosolic) fractions of mouse, rat, and guinea pig liver were measured with three closely related compounds used as substrates. Differences between the species in the distribution of the cytosolic and microsomal hydrolases and in their substrate specificities and pH optima demonstrate why epoxide hydrolase activity in the cytosolic fraction was not detected earlier in spie of intensive work on the microsomal epoxide hydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ota, K -- Hammock, B D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allyl Compounds ; Animals ; Benzene ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Epoxide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liver/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver/enzymology ; Rats ; Styrenes ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 87
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    Beta-adrenergic-receptor localization by light microscopic autoradiography (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-06-20
    Description: beta-Receptors were identified in rat brain by a light microscopic autoradiographic technique. The procedure involved binding 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-receptors in intact slide-mounted tissue sections and generating autoradiograms by the apposition of emulsion-coated cover slips, Biochemical analysis of the binding indicated that these conditions provided a high degree of selective labeling of beta-receptors. High densities of receptors were found in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex, throughout the caudate-putamen, in the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus, in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, and in other areas. These results are in agreement with other electrophysiological and histochemical data. This radiohistochemical approach should be an important addition to other methods for mapping functional catecholamine neuronal pathways and sites of hormonal action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palacios, J M -- Kuhar, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 20;208(4450):1378-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6246585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography/*methods ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Microscopy ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*analysis ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*analysis
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  • 88
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    Flavor-illness aversions: the peculiar roles of odor and taste in memory for poison (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-16
    Description: When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmerino, C C -- Rusiniak, K W -- Garcia, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Lithium/poisoning ; Male ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 89
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    Environmental influences on body weight and behavior in developing rats after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: There is less hyperactive motor activity and better avoidance performance in rat pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine as neonates and reared with vehicle-treated littermates than in pups reared in litters composed solely of other 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals. Thus, in this experimental model of hyperactivity, an environmental manipulation provides an alternative to pharmacologic agents in reducing activity and improving learning performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, D E -- Teicher, M H -- Shaywitz, B A -- Cohen, D J -- Young, J G -- Anderson, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; *Environment ; Hydroxydopamines/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 90
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    Pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin-derived peptides: coordinate action on adrenal steroidogenesis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: A synthetic peptide, representing a portion of the 16K (16,000 dalton)-fragment sequence within the pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin precursor molecule, potentiates the steroidogenic action of the 1 to 24 portion of adrenocorticotropin [ACTH(1-24)] on the rat adrenal cortex. The peptide has 27 amino acid residues and consists of gamma-melanotropin with a carboxyl terminal extension. It affects both the inner and outer adrenocortical zones of hypophysectomized animals, as evidenced by a synergistic augmentation of corticosterone and aldosterone production, respectively. The peptide can be distinguished from adrenocorticotropin by its activation of cholesterol ester hydrolase and its failure to stimulate cholesterol side-chain cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, R C -- Brownie, A C -- Ling, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1044-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6246578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/*drug effects/metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*biosynthesis ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology ; Aldosterone/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Corticosterone/biosynthesis ; Endorphins/pharmacology ; Female ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/*pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Protein Precursors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sterol Esterase/metabolism
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  • 91
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    "Transdifferentiation" of C6 glial cells in culture (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: The activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, an enzyme marker for oligodendrocytes, and glutamine synthetase, an enzyme marker for astrocytes, were studied at early (21 to 26) and late (82 to 88) cell passages. The activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase was markedly high and that of glutamine synthetase was low in the early passages, but this relation was reversed in the late passages. These findings suggest a "transdifferentiation" of C6 glial cells with passage in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, K K -- Norenberg, M D -- Vernadakis, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6102413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/enzymology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism ; Neuroglia/*enzymology ; Oligodendroglia/enzymology ; Rats
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  • 92
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    Lithium reduces the number of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Extended treatment of rats with lithium inhibits the increase in the number of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors that occurs in their denervated skeletal muscle. In normal muscle, lithium reduces the number of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. These changes appear to be a relatively specific effect of lithium on the turnover of receptors. Skeletal muscle provides an accessible system for analyzing the role of lithium (and other cations) in the regulation of cell surface receptors. This regulation may play a role in the mechanism by which lithium prevents recurrent manic-depressive episodes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pestronk, A -- Drachman, D B -- 5P01-NS10920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01-HD04817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):342-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/*drug effects/metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    Long-term antidepressant treatment decreases spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptor binding (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: Antidepressants compete at several neurotransmitter receptor binding site, but drug affinities do not correlate with clinical efficacy. Long-term, but not short-term, antidepressant treatment decreases the numbers of both serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors. The decrease in the number of receptor sites is most marked for [3H]spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptors and is characteristic for antidepressants of several classes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peroutka, S J -- Snyder, S H -- 5T32GM0309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Frontal Lobe/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism ; Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 94
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    Sperm-egg interaction: evidence for boar sperm plasma membrane receptors for porcine zona pellucida (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Freshly ejaculated, noncapacitated boar sperm bind rapidly and in large numbers to pig egg zona pellucida in vitro. In the present study, the number of sperm bound decreased sharply when sperm motility was lowered by energy poisons or by reducing the temperature. Highly motile sperm from humans, guinea pigs, and rats, added at concentrations ten times higher than control sperm, did not bind to the porcine zona. At the same high concentration, a small number of hamster and bull sperm bound to the zona. Binding of boar sperm to the zona pellucida was blocked almost completely by diluted whole antiserum to sperm plasma membranes and by univalent (Fab) antibody to these membranes. When antibody to sperm plasma membrane was first absorbed with plasma membrane vesicles, sperm binding was not inhibited. These results provide direct evidence for the existence of sperm plasma membrane receptors for the zona pellucida of the pig.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, R N -- Russell, L -- Bundman, D -- Freund, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Male ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Swine ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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  • 95
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    Hormone binding alters the conformation of the insulin receptor (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: Fat cells or fat cell membranes were briefly subjected to mild proteolysis under conditions where insulin receptors were either free or bound to (125)I-labeled insulin. When receptors were then affinity-labeled to visualize the effects of this treatment, it was observed that receptors that had been occupied by ligand during proteolysis exhibited greater rates of degradation than unoccupied receptors. These results demonstrate that insulin-receptor interaction induces a change in receptor structure that may be related to signal transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pilch, P F -- Czech, M P -- AM 06069/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 17893/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD 11343/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1152-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7003712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Male ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 96
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    Nerve terminals are as metabolically different as the muscle fibers they innervate (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: The rate at which glucose enters nerve terminals in muscle was estimated indirectly by measuring changes in miniature end-plate potential frequency D-Glucose entered nerve terminals in muscles with a fast twitch more rapidly than it entered those with a slow twitch. This suggests that nerve terminals in fast- and slow-twitch muscles differ in their rate of metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickett, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):927-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Endings/*metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/*metabolism ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rats
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  • 97
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    Entry of opioid peptides into the central nervous system (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Cerebrovascular permeability of four modified opioid peptides--[D-Ala2]methionine enkephalin amide, beta-[D-Ala62,14C-Homoarg69]lipotropin 61 -69, alpha-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg9]endorphin, and beta-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg]endorphin--ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 X 10(-6) centimeters per second in brain regions of the conscous rat. These significant permeabilities should allow the peptides to fill the extracellular brain space with a half time of 3 to 11 minutes, as a result of a step increase in plasma concentration of unbound peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapoport, S I -- Klee, W A -- Pettigrew, K D -- Ohno, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):84-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*metabolism ; Capillary Permeability ; Endorphins/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Solubility ; beta-Lipotropin/*metabolism
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  • 98
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    Rapid effect of triiodothyronine on the mitochondrial pathway in rat liver in vivo (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: Intravenous infections of minute doses of triiodothyronine were administered to thyroidectomized rats 30 minutes before they were killed. Hepatic mitochondria were isolated rapidly and formation of adenosine triphosphate and consumption of oxygen were assessed by a 2-minute incubation. Hormone injection enhanced formation of adenosine triphosphate 114 to 217 percent over control values, with a proportionate increase in consumption of oxygen. The ratio of phosphate to oxygen was about 2.0, signifying tightly coupled oxidative phosphorylation. Stimulation was not abolished by injection of cycloheximide, puromycin, actinomycin D, or chloramphenicol 1 hour before the rats were killed. This signifies direct mitochondrial stimulation by triiodothyronine in the absence of protein synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sterling, K -- Brenner, M A -- Sakurada, T -- AM 10739/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):340-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Mitochondria, Liver/*drug effects ; Oxygen Consumption ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Thyroidectomy ; Triiodothyronine/*pharmacology
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  • 99
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    Stereospecific nicotine receptors on rat brain membranes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: A stereospecific binding site for nicotine has been detected on rat brain membranes. Competition studies with cholinergic agonists suggest that this site is a nicotinic cholinergic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romano, C -- Goldstein, A -- DA-1938/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-7063/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):647-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Nicotine/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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  • 100
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    Pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors during the rat estrous cycle (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: The binding of [6-alanine]gonadotropin-releasing hormone to pituitary plasma membranes increased threefold between metestrus and early proestrus in female rats. Receptor numbers fell rapidly on the afternoon of proestrus coincident with the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. The numbers of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone were positively correlated with concentrations of estradiol in serum; this pattern may be a necessary component of increased pituitary sensitivty to gonadotropin-releasing hormone observed during proestrus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savoy-Moore, R T -- Schwartz, N B -- Duncan, J A -- Marshall, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Estradiol/blood ; *Estrus ; Feedback ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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