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  • Articles  (670)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (670)
  • *Ecosystem  (373)
  • *Biological Evolution  (330)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (670)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2010-2014  (635)
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  • Articles  (670)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (670)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):765-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollination ; *Symbiosis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: Forests both take up CO2 and enhance absorption of solar radiation, with contrasting effects on global temperature. Based on a 9-year study in the forests' dry timberline, we show that substantial carbon sequestration (cooling effect) is maintained in the large dry transition zone (precipitation from 200 to 600 millimeters) by shifts in peak photosynthetic activities from summer to early spring, and this is counteracted by longwave radiation (L) suppression (warming effect), doubling the forestation shortwave (S) albedo effect. Several decades of carbon accumulation are required to balance the twofold S + L effect. Desertification over the past several decades, however, contributed negative forcing at Earth's surface equivalent to approximately 20% of the global anthropogenic CO2 effect over the same period, moderating warming trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotenberg, Eyal -- Yakir, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):451-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1179998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):969-71. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.969.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Dominance, Cerebral ; *Gestures ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; Language Development ; Sign Language ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Speech ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Koh, Lian Pin -- Lee, Tien Ming -- Liu, Jianguo -- Ramakrishnan, P S -- Yu, Douglas W -- Zhang, Ya-ping -- Raven, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1457, 1459. doi: 10.1126/science.1185164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Politics ; Trees ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1506. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Ecosystem ; Pacific Ocean ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; *Plastics/toxicity ; *Seawater ; Water Movements ; *Water Pollution ; Zooplankton
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narbonne, Guy M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):53-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. narbonne@geol.queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon/analysis ; China ; Evolution, Chemical ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Iron/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Penguin feathers are highly modified in form and function, but there have been no fossils to inform their evolution. A giant penguin with feathers was recovered from the late Eocene (~36 million years ago) of Peru. The fossil reveals that key feathering features, including undifferentiated primary wing feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses of fossilized color-imparting melanosomes reveal that their dimensions were similar to those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the feathering may have been predominantly gray and reddish-brown. In contrast, the dark black-brown color of extant penguin feathers is generated by large, ellipsoidal melanosomes previously unknown for birds. The nanostructure of penguin feathers was thus modified after earlier macrostructural modifications of feather shape linked to aquatic flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke, Julia A -- Ksepka, Daniel T -- Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo -- Altamirano, Ali J -- Shawkey, Matthew D -- D'Alba, Liliana -- Vinther, Jakob -- DeVries, Thomas J -- Baby, Patrice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):954-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1193604. Epub 2010 Sep 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. julia_clarke@jsg.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Feathers/*anatomy & histology/ultrastructure ; *Fossils ; Melanosomes/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; *Pigmentation ; Spheniscidae/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: Food chain length (FCL) is a fundamental component of food web structure. Studies in a variety of ecosystems suggest that FCL is determined by energy supply, environmental stability, and/or ecosystem size, but the nature of the relationship between environmental stability and FCL, and the mechanism linking ecosystem size to FCL, remain unclear. Here we show that FCL increases with drainage area and decreases with hydrologic variability and intermittency across 36 North American rivers. Our analysis further suggests that hydrologic variability is the mechanism underlying the correlation between ecosystem size and FCL in rivers. Ecosystem size lengthens river food chains by integrating and attenuating discharge variation through stream networks, thereby enhancing environmental stability in larger river systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabo, John L -- Finlay, Jacques C -- Kennedy, Theodore -- Post, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):965-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196005. Epub 2010 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Post Office Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. John.L.Sabo@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Invertebrates ; North America ; *Rivers ; Water Cycle ; Water Movements
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thanukos, Anastasia -- Scotchmoor, Judith G -- Caldwell, Roy -- Lindberg, David R -- 51003439/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1764-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1186994. Epub 2010 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4780, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*education ; *Internet ; Science/*education ; Teaching ; *Teaching Materials
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: The Ediacaran Period (635 to 542 million years ago) was a time of fundamental environmental and evolutionary change, culminating in the first appearance of macroscopic animals. Here, we present a detailed spatial and temporal record of Ediacaran ocean chemistry for the Doushantuo Formation in the Nanhua Basin, South China. We find evidence for a metastable zone of euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) waters impinging on the continental shelf and sandwiched within ferruginous [Fe(II)-enriched] deep waters. A stratified ocean with coeval oxic, sulfidic, and ferruginous zones, favored by overall low oceanic sulfate concentrations, was maintained dynamically throughout the Ediacaran Period. Our model reconciles seemingly conflicting geochemical redox conditions proposed previously for Ediacaran deep oceans and helps to explain the patchy temporal record of early metazoan fossils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Chao -- Love, Gordon D -- Lyons, Timothy W -- Fike, David A -- Sessions, Alex L -- Chu, Xuelei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):80-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1182369. Epub 2010 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. chaoli@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbonates/analysis ; China ; Ferrous Compounds/analysis ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Iron ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):43. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/radiography ; California ; Databases as Topic ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*anatomy & histology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Universities
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1568-70. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5973.1568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Financing, Government ; Republic of Korea ; *Rivers ; Water Movements ; *Wetlands
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated VOC via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. Laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. A revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated VOCs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karl, T -- Harley, P -- Emmons, L -- Thornton, B -- Guenther, A -- Basu, C -- Turnipseed, A -- Jardine, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):816-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1192534. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. tomkarl@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/*metabolism ; Populus/genetics/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Trees/*metabolism ; Tropical Climate ; Up-Regulation ; Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/*metabolism
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: White and colleagues (Research Articles, 2 October 2009, pp. 64-106 and www.sciencemag.org/ardipithecus) reported Ardipithecus ramidus as an exclusive member of the human lineage post-African ape divergence. However, their analysis of shared-derived characters provides insufficient evidence of an ancestor-descendant relationship and exclusivity to the hominid lineage. Molecular and anatomical studies rather suggest that Ar. ramidus predates the human/African ape divergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarmiento, Esteban E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1105; author reply 1105. doi: 10.1126/science.1184148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Foundation, East Brunswick, NJ 08816, USA. este444@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Paleodontology ; Time
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, E Detlef -- Schulze, Inge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):957. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.957-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics ; Germany ; *Trees/growth & development ; Wood
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1731. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1731.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Biological Evolution ; Employment/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Kentucky ; *Religion and Science ; United States ; Universities/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1156-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1194924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. crmarshall@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1500-1. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Bicarbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; *Ecosystem ; Foraminifera/physiology ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, Gaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):382-5. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chile ; *Ecosystem ; *Electricity ; *Environment ; *Power Plants ; *Rivers ; Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):23-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Madagascar ; *Trees ; Wood
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Machlis, Gary E -- McNutt, Marcia K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1018-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1195382.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Strategic Sciences Working Group, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC 20024, USA. gary_machlis@nps.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Decision Making ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Forecasting ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Petroleum ; Planning Techniques ; Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies ; Wetlands
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schimel, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):418-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184946.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Ecological Observatory, Inc., 5340 Airport Boulevard, Boulder, CO 80301, USA. dschimel@naeoninc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Climate Change ; *Climatic Processes ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Israel ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; *Trees/growth & development/metabolism
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The factors determining species commonness and rarity are poorly understood, particularly in highly diverse communities. Theory predicts that interactions with neighbors of the same (conspecific) and other (heterospecific) species can influence a species' relative abundance, but empirical tests are lacking. By using a hierarchical model of survival for more than 30,000 seedlings of 180 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we tested whether species' sensitivity to neighboring individuals relates to their relative abundance in the community. We found wide variation among species in the effect of conspecific, but not heterospecific, neighbors on survival, and we found a significant relationship between the strength of conspecific neighbor effects and species abundance. Specifically, rare species suffered more from the presence of conspecific neighbors than common species did, suggesting that conspecific density dependence shapes species abundances in diverse communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Comita, Liza S -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Aguilar, Salomon -- Hubbell, Stephen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):330-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1190772. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. comita@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Panama ; Population Density ; Seedlings/growth & development ; Species Specificity ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilg, Olivier -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1184964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. olivier.gilg@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Nesting Behavior ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blight, Louise K -- Ainley, David G -- Ackley, Stephen F -- Ballard, Grant -- Ballerini, Tosca -- Brownell, Robert L Jr -- Cheng, C-H Christina -- Chiantore, Mariachiara -- Costa, Daniel -- Coulter, Malcolm C -- Dayton, Paul -- Devries, Arthur L -- Dunbar, Robert -- Earle, Sylvia -- Eastman, Joseph T -- Emslie, Steven D -- Evans, Clive W -- Garrott, Robert A -- Kim, Stacy -- Kooyman, Gerald -- Lescroel, Amelie -- Lizotte, Michael -- Massaro, Melanie -- Olmastroni, Silvia -- Ponganis, Paul J -- Russell, Joellen -- Siniff, Donald B -- Smith, Walker O Jr -- Stewart, Brent S -- Stirling, Ian -- Willis, Jay -- Wilson, Peter -- Woehler, Eric J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1316. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):910-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6006.910.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Air Pollution/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sulfur ; United States
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Kintisch, Eli -- Schenkman, Lauren -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 21;328(5981):962-3. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5981.962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20489000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Accidents ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries ; Food Chain ; *Petroleum ; Plants ; Wetlands
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):302-3. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6002.302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; *Information Dissemination ; *Petroleum ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable because the long-diverged genomes of their parents cause developmental problems when they come together in a single individual. According to the Dobzhansky-Muller (DM) model, the number of genes involved in these "intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities" should increase faster than linearly with the divergence time between species. This straightforward prediction of the DM model has remained contentious owing to a lack of explicit tests. Examining two pairs of Drosophila species, we show that the number of genes involved in postzygotic isolation increases at least as fast as the square of the number of substitutions (an index of divergence time) between species. This observation verifies a key prediction of the DM model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matute, Daniel R -- Butler, Ian A -- Turissini, David A -- Coyne, Jerry A -- R01GM058260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1193440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dmatute@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peh, Kelvin S-H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1228-9. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1228-d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; India ; *International Cooperation ; Military Personnel
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Pamilo, Pekka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):45. doi: 10.1126/science.1185061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jjboomsma@bio.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Insects/genetics/physiology ; Social Behavior
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: Large-scale biodiversity gradients among environments and habitats are usually attributed to a complex array of ecological and evolutionary factors. We tested the evolutionary component of such gradients by compiling the environments of the geologically oldest occurrences of marine genera and using sampling standardization to assess if originations tended to be clustered in particular environments. Shallow, tropical environments and carbonate substrates all tend to have harbored high origination rates. Diversity within these environments tended to be preferentially generated in reefs, probably because of their habitat complexity. Reefs were also prolific at exporting diversity to other environments, which might be a consequence of low-diversity habitats being more susceptible to invasions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Simpson, Carl -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):196-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1182241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany. wolfgang.kiessling@mfn-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fishes ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates/classification
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Oceanic bacteria perform many environmental functions, including biogeochemical cycling of many elements, metabolizing of greenhouse gases, functioning in oceanic food webs (microbial loop), and producing valuable natural products and viruses. We demonstrate that the widespread capability of marine bacteria to participate in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in coastal and oceanic environments may be the result of gene transfer agents (GTAs), viral-like particles produced by alpha-Proteobacteria. We documented GTA-mediated gene transfer frequencies a thousand to a hundred million times higher than prior estimates of HGT in the oceans, with as high as 47% of the culturable natural microbial community confirmed as gene recipients. These findings suggest a plausible mechanism by which marine bacteria acquire novel traits, thus ensuring resilience in the face of environmental change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDaniel, Lauren D -- Young, Elizabeth -- Delaney, Jennifer -- Ruhnau, Fabian -- Ritchie, Kim B -- Paul, John H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):50. doi: 10.1126/science.1192243.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. mcdaniel@marine.usf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Flavobacterium/drug effects/genetics ; Flexibacter/drug effects/genetics ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Kanamycin Resistance/genetics ; Oceans and Seas ; Prophages/genetics ; Rhodobacteraceae/drug effects/*genetics/virology ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Streptomycin/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift in the acid-base chemistry of seawater, reduced subsurface oxygen both in near-shore coastal water and in the open ocean, rising coastal nitrogen levels, and widespread increase in mercury and persistent organic pollutants. Most of these perturbations, tied either directly or indirectly to human fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and industrial activity, are projected to grow in coming decades, resulting in increasing negative impacts on ocean biota and marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doney, Scott C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1512-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. sdoney@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Fossil Fuels ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Mercury/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Water Pollutants/analysis
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: The extinction of dinosaurs at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary was the seminal event that opened the door for the subsequent diversification of terrestrial mammals. Our compilation of maximum body size at the ordinal level by sub-epoch shows a near-exponential increase after the K/Pg. On each continent, the maximum size of mammals leveled off after 40 million years ago and thereafter remained approximately constant. There was remarkable congruence in the rate, trajectory, and upper limit across continents, orders, and trophic guilds, despite differences in geological and climatic history, turnover of lineages, and ecological variation. Our analysis suggests that although the primary driver for the evolution of giant mammals was diversification to fill ecological niches, environmental temperature and land area may have ultimately constrained the maximum size achieved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Felisa A -- Boyer, Alison G -- Brown, James H -- Costa, Daniel P -- Dayan, Tamar -- Ernest, S K Morgan -- Evans, Alistair R -- Fortelius, Mikael -- Gittleman, John L -- Hamilton, Marcus J -- Harding, Larisa E -- Lintulaakso, Kari -- Lyons, S Kathleen -- McCain, Christy -- Okie, Jordan G -- Saarinen, Juha J -- Sibly, Richard M -- Stephens, Patrick R -- Theodor, Jessica -- Uhen, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1216-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1194830.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. fasmith@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Geography ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/classification/growth & development ; Models, Biological ; Oxygen ; Phylogeny ; Temperature
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, John H -- Richards, Stephen -- Desjardins, Christopher A -- Niehuis, Oliver -- Gadau, Jurgen -- Colbourne, John K -- Nasonia Genome Working Group -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Desplan, Claude -- Elsik, Christine G -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Kitts, Paul -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- Murphy, Terence -- Oliveira, Deodoro C S G -- Smith, Christopher D -- van de Zande, Louis -- Worley, Kim C -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Aerts, Maarten -- Albert, Stefan -- Anaya, Victor H -- Anzola, Juan M -- Barchuk, Angel R -- Behura, Susanta K -- Bera, Agata N -- Berenbaum, May R -- Bertossa, Rinaldo C -- Bitondi, Marcia M G -- Bordenstein, Seth R -- Bork, Peer -- Bornberg-Bauer, Erich -- Brunain, Marleen -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Chaboub, Lesley -- Chacko, Joseph -- Chavez, Dean -- Childers, Christopher P -- Choi, Jeong-Hyeon -- Clark, Michael E -- Claudianos, Charles -- Clinton, Rochelle A -- Cree, Andrew G -- Cristino, Alexandre S -- Dang, Phat M -- Darby, Alistair C -- de Graaf, Dirk C -- Devreese, Bart -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Edwards, Rachel -- Elango, Navin -- Elhaik, Eran -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Evans, Jay D -- Foret, Sylvain -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Gibson, Joshua D -- Gilbert, Donald G -- Graur, Dan -- Grunder, Stefan -- Hagen, Darren E -- Han, Yi -- Hauser, Frank -- Hultmark, Da -- Hunter, Henry C 4th -- Hurst, Gregory D D -- Jhangian, Shalini N -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Johnson, Reed M -- Jones, Andrew K -- Junier, Thomas -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Kamping, Albert -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kechavarzi, Bobak -- Kim, Jaebum -- Kim, Jay -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Koevoets, Tosca -- Kovar, Christie L -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kucharski, Robert -- Lee, Heewook -- Lee, Sandra L -- Lees, Kristin -- Lewis, Lora R -- Loehlin, David W -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Lopez, Jacqueline A -- Lozado, Ryan J -- Maglott, Donna -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Mayampurath, Anoop -- Mazur, Danielle J -- McClure, Marcella A -- Moore, Andrew D -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Muller, Jean -- Munoz-Torres, Monica C -- Muzny, Donna M -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Neupert, Susanne -- Nguyen, Ngoc B -- Nunes, Francis M F -- Oakeshott, John G -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pannebakker, Bart A -- Pejaver, Vikas R -- Peng, Zuogang -- Pratt, Stephen C -- Predel, Reinhard -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ranson, Hilary -- Raychoudhury, Rhitoban -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Reese, Justin T -- Reid, Jeffrey G -- Riddle, Megan -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Romero-Severson, Jeanne -- Rosenberg, Miriam -- Sackton, Timothy B -- Sattelle, David B -- Schluns, Helge -- Schmitt, Thomas -- Schneider, Martina -- Schuler, Andreas -- Schurko, Andrew M -- Shuker, David M -- Simoes, Zila L P -- Sinha, Saurabh -- Smith, Zachary -- Solovyev, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Springauf, Andreas -- Stafflinger, Elisabeth -- Stage, Deborah E -- Stanke, Mario -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Telschow, Arndt -- Trent, Carol -- Vattathil, Selina -- Verhulst, Eveline C -- Viljakainen, Lumi -- Wanner, Kevin W -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Whitfield, James B -- Wilkes, Timothy E -- Williamson, Michael -- Willis, Judith H -- Wolschin, Florian -- Wyder, Stefan -- Yamada, Takuji -- Yi, Soojin V -- Zecher, Courtney N -- Zhang, Lan -- Gibbs, Richard A -- 5R01GM070026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5R24GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI028309-13A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055624/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-05A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026-04S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079484/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):343-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/parasitology ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Female ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Insect Viruses/genetics ; Insects/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry/toxicity ; Wasps/*genetics/physiology ; Wolbachia/genetics
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poiner, Ian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):25. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6000.25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):418-20. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; Data Collection ; *Ecology/economics/instrumentation/methods/organization & administration ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/methods ; Financing, Government ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Nitrogen cycling is normally thought to dominate the biogeochemistry and microbial ecology of oxygen-minimum zones in marine environments. Through a combination of molecular techniques and process rate measurements, we showed that both sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation contribute to energy flux and elemental cycling in oxygen-free waters off the coast of northern Chile. These processes may have been overlooked because in nature, the sulfide produced by sulfate reduction immediately oxidizes back to sulfate. This cryptic sulfur cycle is linked to anammox and other nitrogen cycling processes, suggesting that it may influence biogeochemical cycling in the global ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Don E -- Stewart, Frank J -- Thamdrup, Bo -- De Brabandere, Loreto -- Dalsgaard, Tage -- Delong, Edward F -- Revsbech, Niels Peter -- Ulloa, Osvaldo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196889. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; Chile ; Deltaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Denitrification ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Metagenome ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Sulfides/metabolism ; Sulfur/*metabolism
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whiten, Andrew -- McGrew, William C -- Aiello, Leslie C -- Boesch, Christophe -- Boyd, Robert -- Byrne, Richard W -- Dunbar, Robin I M -- Matsuzawa, Tetsuro -- Silk, Joan B -- Tomasello, Michael -- van Schaik, Carel P -- Wrangham, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):410; author reply 410-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5964.410-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Cognition ; Female ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes/classification
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Sea surface temperature (SST) across much of the tropics has increased by 0.4 degrees to 1 degrees C since the mid-1970s. A parallel increase in the frequency and extent of coral bleaching and mortality has fueled concern that climate change poses a major threat to the survival of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Here we show that steadily rising SSTs, not ocean acidification, are already driving dramatic changes in the growth of an important reef-building coral in the central Red Sea. Three-dimensional computed tomography analyses of the massive coral Diploastrea heliopora reveal that skeletal growth of apparently healthy colonies has declined by 30% since 1998. The same corals responded to a short-lived warm event in 1941/1942, but recovered within 3 years as the ocean cooled. Combining our data with climate model simulations by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we predict that should the current warming trend continue, this coral could cease growing altogether by 2070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantin, Neal E -- Cohen, Anne L -- Karnauskas, Kristopher B -- Tarrant, Ann M -- McCorkle, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):322-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*growth & development ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Indian Ocean ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Stress, Physiological ; Symbiosis ; *Temperature
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):519. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification/genetics ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Cnidaria/classification/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Genes ; Genetic Speciation ; Geologic Sediments ; Phylogeny ; *Seawater
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):633. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.633-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bufonidae/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Genetic Speciation ; Population Dynamics ; South America
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, Terry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):532-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1184703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. terry.harrison@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; Cercopithecidae/classification ; Climate ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Paleontology ; Pan troglodytes ; Phylogeny ; Seasons ; Time
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: Genomes of animals as different as sponges and humans show conservation of global architecture. Here we show that multiple genomic features including transposon diversity, developmental gene repertoire, physical gene order, and intron-exon organization are shattered in the tunicate Oikopleura, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates and retaining chordate morphology. Ancestral architecture of animal genomes can be deeply modified and may therefore be largely nonadaptive. This rapidly evolving animal lineage thus offers unique perspectives on the level of genome plasticity. It also illuminates issues as fundamental as the mechanisms of intron gain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760481/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denoeud, France -- Henriet, Simon -- Mungpakdee, Sutada -- Aury, Jean-Marc -- Da Silva, Corinne -- Brinkmann, Henner -- Mikhaleva, Jana -- Olsen, Lisbeth Charlotte -- Jubin, Claire -- Canestro, Cristian -- Bouquet, Jean-Marie -- Danks, Gemma -- Poulain, Julie -- Campsteijn, Coen -- Adamski, Marcin -- Cross, Ismael -- Yadetie, Fekadu -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Louis, Alexandra -- Butcher, Stephen -- Tsagkogeorga, Georgia -- Konrad, Anke -- Singh, Sarabdeep -- Jensen, Marit Flo -- Huynh Cong, Evelyne -- Eikeseth-Otteraa, Helen -- Noel, Benjamin -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Porcel, Betina M -- Kachouri-Lafond, Rym -- Nishino, Atsuo -- Ugolini, Matteo -- Chourrout, Pascal -- Nishida, Hiroki -- Aasland, Rein -- Huzurbazar, Snehalata -- Westhof, Eric -- Delsuc, Frederic -- Lehrach, Hans -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Roy, Scott W -- Artiguenave, Francois -- Postlethwait, John H -- Manak, J Robert -- Thompson, Eric M -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Du Pasquier, Louis -- Boudinot, Pierre -- Liberles, David A -- Volff, Jean-Nicolas -- Philippe, Herve -- Lenhard, Boris -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Wincker, Patrick -- Chourrout, Daniel -- Z01 LM000073-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1381-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194167. Epub 2010 Nov 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Genomique, Genoscope, Evry, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21097902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Intergenic ; Exons ; Gene Order ; Genes, Duplicate ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Introns ; Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spliceosomes/metabolism ; Synteny ; Urochordata/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/immunology ; Vertebrates/classification/genetics
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2010-10-28
    Description: Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution shifts, as well as comparing model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pereira, Henrique M -- Leadley, Paul W -- Proenca, Vania -- Alkemade, Rob -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Fernandez-Manjarres, Juan F -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Balvanera, Patricia -- Biggs, Reinette -- Cheung, William W L -- Chini, Louise -- Cooper, H David -- Gilman, Eric L -- Guenette, Sylvie -- Hurtt, George C -- Huntington, Henry P -- Mace, Georgina M -- Oberdorff, Thierry -- Revenga, Carmen -- Rodrigues, Patricia -- Scholes, Robert J -- Sumaila, Ussif Rashid -- Walpole, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1496-501. doi: 10.1126/science.1196624. Epub 2010 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. hpereira@fc.ul.pt〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Policy ; Population Dynamics
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perrings, C -- Naeem, S -- Ahrestani, F -- Bunker, D E -- Burkill, P -- Canziani, G -- Elmqvist, T -- Ferrati, R -- Fuhrman, J -- Jaksic, F -- Kawabata, Z -- Kinzig, A -- Mace, G M -- Milano, F -- Mooney, H -- Prieur-Richard, A-H -- Tschirhart, J -- Weisser, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):323-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1196431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Charles.Perrings@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; International Cooperation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, Edward O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):775. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5967.775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ants ; Biology ; *Ecosystem ; *Literature, Modern
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasser, Samuel -- Poole, Joyce -- Lee, Phyllis -- Lindsay, Keith -- Dobson, Andrew -- Hart, John -- Douglas-Hamilton, Iain -- Wittemyer, George -- Granli, Petter -- Morgan, Bethan -- Gunn, Jody -- Alberts, Susan -- Beyers, Rene -- Chiyo, Patrick -- Croze, Harvey -- Estes, Richard -- Gobush, Kathleen -- Joram, Ponjoli -- Kikoti, Alfred -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- King, Lucy -- Macdonald, David -- Moss, Cynthia -- Mutayoba, Benezeth -- Njumbi, Steve -- Omondi, Patrick -- Nowak, Katarzyna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1331-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1187811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wassers@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; *Ecosystem ; *Elephants ; *Endangered Species ; International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; Tanzania ; Trees ; Zambia
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Barton et al. (Reports, 19 March 2010, p. 1509) argued that stable conditions enable neutral coexistence of many phytoplankton species in the tropical oceans, whereas seasonal variation causes low biodiversity in subpolar oceans. However, their model prediction is not robust. A minor deviation from the neutrality assumption favors coexistence in fluctuating rather than stable environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huisman, Jef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):512; author reply 512. doi: 10.1126/science.1189880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Post Office Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. j.huisman@uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1574-5. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5973.1574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Guidelines as Topic ; Models, Biological ; Models, Economic ; Pacific Ocean ; Politics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe -- Davidar, Priya -- Laurance, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):32. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5987.32-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; India ; *Trees
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Marx and Uhen (Reports, 19 February 2010, p. 993) suggested that correlated diversity changes in the fossil record of whales and diatoms reflects secular evolutionary signals of underlying ecological drivers. We question the meaning of this association and outline avenues for more complete testing of correlations between productivity and marine consumers through geologic time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pyenson, Nicholas D -- Irmis, Randall B -- Lipps, Jere H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):178; author reply 178. doi: 10.1126/science.1189866.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. pyensonn@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; *Whales
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1452. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5972.1452-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Mining ; *Salmon
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charles, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1225. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5983.1225.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Poaceae ; Ukraine
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alcock, Felicity -- Clements, Abigail -- Webb, Chaille -- Lithgow, Trevor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):649-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1182129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne 3800, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Transport Systems/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Transport ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):512-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1596-7. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5999.1596.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Bass ; Certification ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards ; *Organizations, Nonprofit
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):378. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xin, Hao -- Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5972.1440-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Financing, Government
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1476-7. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5985.1476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*metabolism ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Ecological and Environmental Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/*metabolism ; Organic Chemistry Processes ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry/*microbiology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: Although microbes have been classically viewed as pathogens, it is now well established that the majority of host-bacterial interactions are symbiotic. During development and into adulthood, gut bacteria shape the tissues, cells, and molecular profile of our gastrointestinal immune system. This partnership, forged over many millennia of coevolution, is based on a molecular exchange involving bacterial signals that are recognized by host receptors to mediate beneficial outcomes for both microbes and humans. We explore how specific aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by intestinal commensal bacteria. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate symbiosis between commensal bacteria and humans may redefine how we view the evolution of adaptive immunity and consequently how we approach the treatment of numerous immunologic disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159383/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159383/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Yun Kyung -- Mazmanian, Sarkis K -- AI088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-01A2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK078938-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI088626-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK083633-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1768-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1195568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Bacteria/immunology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Metagenome/immunology/*physiology ; Symbiosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/immunology
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, Patrick A -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Wright, S Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):30. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5961.30-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Carbon ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; *Meat ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate ; *Vertebrates
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehmann, Caroline E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):642-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.642-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estes, James A -- Terborgh, John -- Brashares, Justin S -- Power, Mary E -- Berger, Joel -- Bond, William J -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Essington, Timothy E -- Holt, Robert D -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Marquis, Robert J -- Oksanen, Lauri -- Oksanen, Tarja -- Paine, Robert T -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Ripple, William J -- Sandin, Stuart A -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- Soule, Michael E -- Virtanen, Risto -- Wardle, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. jestes@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):539-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1202092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universitat Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, 4059 Basel, Switzerland. dieter.ebert@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Phenotype
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1210-1. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; Microcystis/*growth & development ; Potamogetonaceae/growth & development ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity ; Water Pollution/economics/*prevention & control ; Water Supply
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1209. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinobacteria/*isolation & purification ; *Archaea/isolation & purification/physiology ; Bacteroidetes/*isolation & purification ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Hot Springs/*microbiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):817. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China/epidemiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Humans ; *Rivers ; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/transmission ; Snails ; Water Movements
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- Brander, Keith M -- Brown, Chris -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Holding, Johnna -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Schwing, Franklin B -- Sydeman, William J -- Richardson, Anthony J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):652-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):292. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/radiation effects ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics/toxicity ; Seaweed/metabolism/radiation effects ; *Water Pollutants, Radioactive/pharmacokinetics/toxicity
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Joern -- Batary, Peter -- Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Brussaard, Lijbert -- Chappell, M Jahi -- Clough, Yann -- Daily, Gretchen C -- Dorrough, Josh -- Hartel, Tibor -- Jackson, Louise E -- Klein, Alexandra M -- Kremen, Claire -- Kuemmerle, Tobias -- Lindenmayer, David B -- Mooney, Harold A -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Philpott, Stacy M -- Tscharntke, Teja -- Vandermeer, John -- Wanger, Thomas Cherico -- Von Wehrden, Henrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):593; author reply 594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Estimates suggest that only one-tenth of the true fungal diversity has been described. Among numerous fungal lineages known only from environmental DNA sequences, Soil Clone Group 1 is the most ubiquitous. These globally distributed fungi may dominate below-ground fungal communities, but their placement in the fungal tree of life has been uncertain. Here, we report cultures of this group and describe the class, Archaeorhizomycetes, phylogenetically placed within subphylum Taphrinomycotina in the Ascomycota. Archaeorhizomycetes comprises hundreds of cryptically reproducing filamentous species that do not form recognizable mycorrhizal structures and have saprotrophic potential, yet are omnipresent in roots and rhizosphere soil and show ecosystem and host root habitat specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosling, Anna -- Cox, Filipa -- Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn -- Ihrmark, Katarina -- Grelet, Gwen-Aelle -- Lindahl, Bjorn D -- Menkis, Audrius -- James, Timothy Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):876-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1206958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Uppsala BioCentre, SLU, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. anna.rosling@slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ascomycota/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Coniferophyta/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, rRNA ; Meristem/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mycorrhizae/classification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Brendan -- Naidoo, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):287; author reply 287-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6040.287-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*economics ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Crops, Agricultural/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Pest Control, Biological/*economics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: Tan et al. (Reports, 25 September 2009, p. 1686) argued that loss of tyrosine residues from proteins in metazoans was driven by positive selection to remove potentially deleterious phosphorylation sites. We challenge this hypothesis, providing evidence that the high guanine-cytosine (GC) content of metazoan genomes was the primary driver in the loss of tyrosine residues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Zhixi -- Huang, Wei -- Gu, Xun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):917; author reply 917. doi: 10.1126/science.1187374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Composition ; *Biological Evolution ; Choanoflagellata/chemistry/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; *Genome ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry ; Saccharomycetales/chemistry/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Tyrosine/*chemistry
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Catastrophic ecological regime shifts may be announced in advance by statistical early warning signals such as slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance. The theoretical background for these indicators is rich, but real-world tests are rare, especially for whole ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that these statistics would be early warning signals for an experimentally induced regime shift in an aquatic food web. We gradually added top predators to a lake over 3 years to destabilize its food web. An adjacent lake was monitored simultaneously as a reference ecosystem. Warning signals of a regime shift were evident in the manipulated lake during reorganization of the food web more than a year before the food web transition was complete, corroborating theory for leading indicators of ecological regime shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, S R -- Cole, J J -- Pace, M L -- Batt, R -- Brock, W A -- Cline, T -- Coloso, J -- Hodgson, J R -- Kitchell, J F -- Seekell, D A -- Smith, L -- Weidel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1079-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1203672. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. srcarpen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1100-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1211025.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 201 Bock Laboratories, Madison, WI 53706, USA. sbcarrol@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Mike -- Mahony, Martin -- Beck, Silke -- Gorg, Christoph -- Hansjurgens, Bernd -- Hauck, Jennifer -- Nesshover, Carsten -- Paulsch, Axel -- Vandewalle, Marie -- Wittmer, Heidi -- Boschen, Stefan -- Bridgewater, Peter -- Diaw, Mariteuw Chimere -- Fabre, Pierre -- Figueroa, Aurelia -- Heong, Kong Luen -- Korn, Horst -- Leemans, Rik -- Lovbrand, Eva -- Hamid, Mohd Norowi -- Monfreda, Chad -- Pielke, Roger Jr -- Settele, Josef -- Winter, Marten -- Vadrot, Alice B M -- van den Hove, Sybille -- van der Sluijs, Jeroen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):697-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.697.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Policy ; Policy Making
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Susanne S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):766-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1214649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany. renner@lrz.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Cycadophyta ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flueck, Werner T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1092-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6046.1092-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; *Food Chain ; Photosynthesis ; Predatory Behavior ; Temperature
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jepson, Paul -- Jennings, Steve -- Jones, Kate E -- Hodgetts, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1351-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1213189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. paul.jepson@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; International Cooperation ; Motion Pictures as Topic/*economics ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Policy ; Television/*economics
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toumey, Chris -- Guterbock, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):38-9. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6052.38-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Culture ; *Evolution, Planetary ; Humans ; *Knowledge ; *Religion and Science
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabeti, Pardis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):690. doi: 10.1126/science.1202570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; Humans
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70 degrees N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samanta, Arindam -- Costa, Marcos H -- Nunes, Edson L -- Vieira, Simone A -- Xu, Liang -- Myneni, Ranga B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1093; author reply 1093. doi: 10.1126/science.1199048.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. arindam.sam@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; South America
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):303. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6054.303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Kazakhstan ; Oceans and Seas ; Salinity
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual mass bleaching events, carbonate dissolution, and insufficient time for substantial evolutionary responses. Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest. Reducing uncertainty in projecting coral reef futures requires improved understanding of past responses to rapid climate change; physiological responses to interacting factors, such as temperature, acidification, and nutrients; and the costs and constraints imposed by acclimation and adaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- Connolly, Sean R -- Marshall, Dustin J -- Cohen, Anne L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):418-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1204794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; *Global Warming ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Symbiosis
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selosse, Marc-Andre -- Rousset, Francois -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):828-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1210722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), Montpellier, France. marc-andre.selosse@cefe.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Glomeromycota/growth & development/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/growth & development/*physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plant Roots/*microbiology/physiology ; Plants/*microbiology ; *Symbiosis
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfray, H Charles J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1231-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1211815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Oxford Martin School Institute of Biodiversity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. charles.godfray@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Ghana ; India ; Population Density ; Trees
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Reductions in bird numbers could hamper ecosystem services such as pollination, but experimental proof is lacking. We show that functional extinction of bird pollinators has reduced pollination, seed production, and plant density in the shrub Rhabdothamnus solandri (Gesneriaceae) on the North Island ("mainland") of New Zealand but not on three nearby island bird sanctuaries where birds remain abundant. Pollen limitation of fruit set is strong [pollen limitation index (PLI) = 0.69] and significant on the mainland but small (PLI = 0.15) and nonsignificant on islands. Seed production per flower on the mainland is reduced 84%. Mainland sites have similar adult densities, but 55% fewer juvenile plants per adult, than island sites. Seed addition experiments near adult R. solandri plants on the mainland found strong seed limitation 5 years after sowing for R. solandri but not for two other co-occurring woody species. This demonstrates a terrestrial trophic cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Sandra H -- Kelly, Dave -- Ladley, Jenny J -- Molloy, Sue -- Terry, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1068-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1199092. Epub 2011 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Flowers ; Fruit/growth & development ; New Zealand ; *Passeriformes ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds ; Trees
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: Epistasis has substantial impacts on evolution, in particular, the rate of adaptation. We generated combinations of beneficial mutations that arose in a lineage during rapid adaptation of a bacterium whose growth depended on a newly introduced metabolic pathway. The proportional selective benefit for three of the four loci consistently decreased when they were introduced onto more fit backgrounds. These three alleles all reduced morphological defects caused by expression of the foreign pathway. A simple theoretical model segregating the apparent contribution of individual alleles to benefits and costs effectively predicted the interactions between them. These results provide the first evidence that patterns of epistasis may differ for within- and between-gene interactions during adaptation and that diminishing returns epistasis contributes to the consistent observation of decelerating fitness gains during adaptation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244271/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chou, Hsin-Hung -- Chiu, Hsuan-Chao -- Delaney, Nigel F -- Segre, Daniel -- Marx, Christopher J -- R01 GM078209/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078209-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1190-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1203799.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; *Biological Evolution ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Bacterial ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genome, Bacterial ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Methylobacterium extorquens/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadagkar, Raghavendra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):833-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India. ragh@ces.iisc.ernet.in〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Nesting Behavior ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Social Behavior ; Wasps/genetics/*physiology
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The gain, loss, and modification of gene regulatory elements may underlie a substantial proportion of phenotypic changes on animal lineages. To investigate the gain of regulatory elements throughout vertebrate evolution, we identified genome-wide sets of putative regulatory regions for five vertebrates, including humans. These putative regulatory regions are conserved nonexonic elements (CNEEs), which are evolutionarily conserved yet do not overlap any coding or noncoding mature transcript. We then inferred the branch on which each CNEE came under selective constraint. Our analysis identified three extended periods in the evolution of gene regulatory elements. Early vertebrate evolution was characterized by regulatory gains near transcription factors and developmental genes, but this trend was replaced by innovations near extracellular signaling genes, and then innovations near posttranslational protein modifiers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511857/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lowe, Craig B -- Kellis, Manolis -- Siepel, Adam -- Raney, Brian J -- Clamp, Michele -- Salama, Sofie R -- Kingsley, David M -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- Haussler, David -- 1U01-HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5P41-HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG002371/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50-HG02568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54-HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1019-24. doi: 10.1126/science.1202702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Developmental ; Genome ; Humans ; Markov Chains ; Mice ; Oryzias/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics ; *Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Smegmamorpha/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Vertebrates/*genetics
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Northcutt, R Glenn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):926-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206915.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. rgnorthcutt@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cerebellum/anatomy & histology ; Cerebrum/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hair ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology ; Olfactory Mucosa/anatomy & histology ; Organ Size ; Skull/anatomy & histology/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Diet changes are considered key events in human evolution. Most studies of early hominin diets focused on tooth size, shape, and craniomandibular morphology, as well as stone tools and butchered animal bones. However, in recent years, dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have hinted at unexpected diversity and complexity in early hominin diets. Some traditional ideas have held; others, such as an increasing reliance on hard-object feeding and a dichotomy between Australopithecus and Paranthropus, have been challenged. The first known evidence of C(4) plant (tropical grasses and sedges) and hard-object (e.g., seeds and nuts) consumption dates to millions of years after the appearance of the earliest probable hominins, and there are no consistent trends in diet change among these species through time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ungar, Peter S -- Sponheimer, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):190-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1207701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. pungar@uark.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; Dentition ; *Diet ; Ecosystem ; Food ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Tooth Wear
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: Savannas worldwide are vital for both socioeconomic and biodiversity values. In these ecosystems, management decisions are based on the perception that wildlife and livestock compete for food, yet there are virtually no experimental data to support this assumption. We examined the effects of wild African ungulates on cattle performance, food intake, and diet quality. Wild ungulates depressed cattle food intake and performance during the dry season (competition) but enhanced cattle diet quality and performance during the wet season (facilitation). These results extend our understanding of the context-dependent-competition-facilitation balance, in general, and are critical for better understanding and managing wildlife-livestock coexistence in human-occupied savanna landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odadi, Wilfred O -- Karachi, Moses K -- Abdulrazak, Shaukat A -- Young, Truman P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1753-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1208468.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. woodadi@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; *Cattle/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Equidae/physiology ; *Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Kenya ; Poaceae ; Ruminants/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Seasons
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: The advent of wood (secondary xylem) is a major event of the Paleozoic Era, facilitating the evolution of large perennial plants. The first steps of wood evolution are unknown. We describe two small Early Devonian (407 to 397 million years ago) plants with secondary xylem including simple rays. Their wood currently represents the earliest evidence of secondary growth in plants. The small size of the plants and the presence of thick-walled cortical cells confirm that wood early evolution was driven by hydraulic constraints rather than by the necessity of mechanical support for increasing height. The plants described here are most probably precursors of lignophytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerrienne, Philippe -- Gensel, Patricia G -- Strullu-Derrien, Christine -- Lardeux, Hubert -- Steemans, Philippe -- Prestianni, Cyrille -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):837. doi: 10.1126/science.1208882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Geologie, Universite de Liege (U.Lg), B18 Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liege 1, Belgium. P.Gerrienne@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Cambium/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Canada ; Cell Wall/ultrastructure ; Fossils ; France ; Plant Cells ; Plants/*anatomy & histology ; Wood/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; Xylem/anatomy & histology/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohlemuller, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):613-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1214215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience (IHRR), Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. ralf.ohlemuller@durham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem
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