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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falke, Joseph J -- R01 GM040731/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics Program and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. falke@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cyclophilin A/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thermodynamics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: Natural killer (NK) cells express inhibitory receptors for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, preventing attack against healthy cells. Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encodes an MHC-like protein (m157) that binds to an inhibitory NK cell receptor in certain MCMV-susceptible mice. In MCMV-resistant mice, this viral protein engages a related activating receptor (Ly49H) and confers host protection. These activating and inhibitory receptors are highly homologous, suggesting the possibility that one evolved from the other in response to selective pressure imposed by the pathogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arase, Hisashi -- Mocarski, Edward S -- Campbell, Ann E -- Hill, Ann B -- Lanier, Lewis L -- AI30363/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA89294/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1323-6. Epub 2002 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11950999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antigens, Ly/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Disease Susceptibility ; Evolution, Molecular ; Herpesviridae Infections/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Hybridomas ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Muromegalovirus/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: The formation and patterning of mesoderm during mammalian gastrulation require the activity of Nodal, a secreted mesoderm-inducing factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family. Here we show that the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 has a very specific role in regulation of Nodal activity during mouse embryogenesis. We find that loss of Drap1 leads to severe gastrulation defects that are consistent with increased expression of Nodal and can be partially suppressed by Nodal heterozygosity. Biochemical studies indicate that DRAP1 interacts with and inhibits DNA binding by the winged-helix transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST), a critical component of a positive feedback loop for Nodal activity. We propose that DRAP1 limits the spread of a morphogenetic signal by down-modulating the response to the Nodal autoregulatory loop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iratni, Rabah -- Yan, Yu-Ting -- Chen, Canhe -- Ding, Jixiang -- Zhang, Yi -- Price, Sandy M -- Reinberg, Danny -- Shen, Michael M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gastrula/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; In Situ Hybridization ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nodal Protein ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The conserved Sir2 family of proteins has protein deacetylase activity that is dependent on NAD (the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Although histones are one likely target for the enzymatic activity of eukaryotic Sir2 proteins, little is known about the substrates and roles of prokaryotic Sir2 homologs. We reveal that an archaeal Sir2 homolog interacts specifically with the major archaeal chromatin protein, Alba, and that Alba exists in acetylated and nonacetylated forms. Furthermore, we show that Sir2 can deacetylate Alba and mediate transcriptional repression in a reconstituted in vitro transcription system. These data provide a paradigm for how Sir2 family proteins influence transcription and suggest that modulation of chromatin structure by acetylation arose before the divergence of the archaeal and eukaryotic lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, Stephen D -- Botting, Catherine H -- Wardleworth, Benjamin N -- Jackson, Stephen P -- White, Malcolm F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):148-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK. sdb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal ; Histone Deacetylases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Sulfolobus/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Direct interaction between platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and thrombin is required for platelet aggregation and activation at sites of vascular injury. Abnormal GpIbalpha-thrombin binding is associated with many pathological conditions,including occlusive arterial thrombosis and bleeding disorders. The crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution reveals simultaneous interactions of GpIbalpha with exosite I of one thrombin molecule,and with exosite II of a second thrombin molecule. In the crystal lattice,the periodic arrangement of GpIbalpha-thrombin complexes mirrors a scaffold that could serve as a driving force for tight platelet adhesion. The details of these interactions reconcile GpIbalpha-thrombin binding modes that are presently controversial,highlighting two distinct interfaces that are potential targets for development of novel antithrombotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dumas, John J -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Seehra, Jasbir -- Somers, William S -- Mosyak, Lidia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Blood Platelets/chemistry/physiology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; *Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thrombin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: In eukaryotes, the combinatorial association of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins is essential for transcription. We have used protein arrays to test 492 pairings of a nearly complete set of coiled-coil strands from human basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. We find considerable partnering selectivity despite the bZIPs' homologous sequences. The interaction data are of high quality, as assessed by their reproducibility, reciprocity, and agreement with previous observations. Biophysical studies in solution support the relative binding strengths observed with the arrays. New associations provide insights into the circadian clock and the unfolded protein response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, John R S -- Keating, Amy E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2097-101. Epub 2003 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Circadian Rhythm ; Circular Dichroism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; G-Box Binding Factors ; Humans ; *Leucine Zippers ; Peptides/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: Multidrug efflux pumps cause serious problems in cancer chemotherapy and treatment of bacterial infections. Yet high-resolution structures of ligand transporter complexes have previously been unavailable. We obtained x-ray crystallographic structures of the trimeric AcrB pump from Escherichia coli with four structurally diverse ligands. The structures show that three molecules of ligands bind simultaneously to the extremely large central cavity of 5000 cubic angstroms, primarily by hydrophobic, aromatic stacking and van der Waals interactions. Each ligand uses a slightly different subset of AcrB residues for binding. The bound ligand molecules often interact with each other, stabilizing the binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Edward W -- McDermott, Gerry -- Zgurskaya, Helen I -- Nikaido, Hiroshi -- Koshland, Daniel E Jr -- AI 09644/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):976-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Ciprofloxacin/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dequalinium/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Ethidium/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rhodamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Direct quantification of biomolecular interaction by single-molecule force spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful tool for materials and life sciences. We introduce an approach in which the unbinding forces required to break intermolecular bonds are measured in a differential format by comparison with a known reference bond (here, a short DNA duplex). In addition to a marked increase in sensitivity and force resolution, which enabled us to resolve single-base pair mismatches, this concept allows for highly specific parallel assays. This option was exploited to overcome cross-reactions of antibodies in a protein biochip application.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albrecht, Christian -- Blank, Kerstin -- Lalic-Multhaler, Mio -- Hirler, Siegfried -- Mai, Thao -- Gilbert, Ilka -- Schiffmann, Susanne -- Bayer, Tom -- Clausen-Schaumann, Hauke -- Gaub, Hermann E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanotype GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 12, 82166 Grafelfing, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; *Base Pair Mismatch ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Carbocyanines ; Cross Reactions ; *DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glass ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-5/analysis/immunology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Silicones ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: During RNA synthesis in the ternary elongation complex, RNA polymerase enzyme holds nucleic acids in three contiguous sites: the double-stranded DNA-binding site (DBS) ahead of the transcription bubble, the RNA-DNA heteroduplex-binding site (HBS), and the RNA-binding site (RBS) upstream of HBS. Photochemical cross-linking allowed mapping of the DNA and RNA contacts to specific positions on the amino acid sequence. Unexpectedly, the same protein regions were found to participate in both DBS and RBS. Thus, DNA entry and RNA exit occur close together in the RNA polymerase molecule, suggesting that the three sites constitute a single unit. The results explain how RNA in the integrated unit RBS-HBS-DBS may stabilize the ternary complex, whereas a hairpin in RNA result in its dissociation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nudler, E -- Gusarov, I -- Avetissova, E -- Kozlov, M -- Goldfarb, A -- GM49242/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):424-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. evgeny.nudler@med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/metabolism ; Idoxuridine/metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: CREB binding protein (CBP) functions as an essential coactivator of transcription factors that are inhibited by the adenovirus early gene product E1A. Transcriptional activation by the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) protein requires the C/H3 domain in CBP, which is the primary target of E1A inhibition. Here it was found that the C/H3 domain is not required for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function, nor is it involved in E1A inhibition. Instead, E1A inhibits RAR function by preventing the assembly of CBP-nuclear receptor coactivator complexes, revealing differences in required CBP domains for transcriptional activation by RAR and STAT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurokawa, R -- Kalafus, D -- Ogliastro, M H -- Kioussi, C -- Xu, L -- Torchia, J -- Rosenfeld, M G -- Glass, C K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):700-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):696-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. rhsinger@aecom.yu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CELF1 Protein ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Exons ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*genetics/metabolism ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; *Trinucleotide Repeats ; Troponin/genetics ; Troponin T
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburger, Z A -- Brown, M S -- Isberg, R R -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adhesins, Bacterial ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The ability of the GroEL chaperonin to unfold a protein trapped in a misfolded condition was detected and studied by hydrogen exchange. The GroEL-induced unfolding of its substrate protein is only partial, requires the complete chaperonin system, and is accomplished within the 13 seconds required for a single system turnover. The binding of nucleoside triphosphate provides the energy for a single unfolding event; multiple turnovers require adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. The substrate protein is released on each turnover even if it has not yet refolded to the native state. These results suggest that GroEL helps partly folded but blocked proteins to fold by causing them first to partially unfold. The structure of GroEL seems well suited to generate the nonspecific mechanical stretching force required for forceful protein unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shtilerman, M -- Lorimer, G H -- Englander, S W -- GM31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Hydrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is initiated by the recruitment of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 to the plasma membrane where the membrane protein synaptotagmin is thought to act as a docking site. AP-2 also interacts with endocytic motifs present in other cargo proteins. Peptides with a tyrosine-based endocytic motif stimulated binding of AP-2 to synaptotagmin and enhanced AP-2 recruitment to the plasma membrane of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. This suggests a mechanism by which nucleation of clathrin-coated pits is stimulated by the loading of cargo proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haucke, V -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CHO Cells ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; *Endocytosis ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins ; Tyrosine/chemistry
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Genetic Techniques ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sequence Analysis/*methods
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: The bacterial pathogen Yersinia uses a type III secretion system to inject several virulence factors into target cells. One of the Yersinia virulence factors, YopJ, was shown to bind directly to the superfamily of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinases (MKKs) blocking both phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the MKKs. These results explain the diverse activities of YopJ in inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, p38, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, preventing cytokine synthesis and promoting apoptosis. YopJ-related proteins that are found in a number of bacterial pathogens of animals and plants may function to block MKKs so that host signaling responses can be modulated upon infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orth, K -- Palmer, L E -- Bao, Z Q -- Stewart, S -- Rudolph, A E -- Bliska, J B -- Dixon, J E -- 18024/PHS HHS/ -- AI35175/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity/*physiology
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1247, 1249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 14-3-3 Proteins ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; *Conserved Sequence ; Mitosis ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/*metabolism ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; cdc25 Phosphatases
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: Selective microtubule orientation toward spatially defined cortical sites is critical to polarized cellular processes as diverse as axon outgrowth and T cell cytotoxicity. In yeast, oriented cytoplasmic microtubules align the mitotic spindle between mother and bud. The cortical marker protein Kar9 localizes to the bud tip and is required for the orientation of microtubules toward this region. Here, we show that Kar9 directs microtubule orientation by acting through Bim1, a conserved microtubule-binding protein. Bim1 homolog EB1 was originally identified through its interaction with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor, raising the possibility that an APC-EB1 linkage orients microtubules in higher cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korinek, W S -- Copeland, M J -- Chaudhuri, A -- Chant, J -- GM07620-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07620-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM49782/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2257-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism/*physiology ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2000-12-16
    Description: The completion of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence allows a comparative analysis of transcriptional regulators across the three eukaryotic kingdoms. Arabidopsis dedicates over 5% of its genome to code for more than 1500 transcription factors, about 45% of which are from families specific to plants. Arabidopsis transcription factors that belong to families common to all eukaryotes do not share significant similarity with those of the other kingdoms beyond the conserved DNA binding domains, many of which have been arranged in combinations specific to each lineage. The genome-wide comparison reveals the evolutionary generation of diversity in the regulation of transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riechmann, J L -- Heard, J -- Martin, G -- Reuber, L -- Jiang, C -- Keddie, J -- Adam, L -- Pineda, O -- Ratcliffe, O J -- Samaha, R R -- Creelman, R -- Pilgrim, M -- Broun, P -- Zhang, J Z -- Ghandehari, D -- Sherman, B K -- Yu, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2105-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mendel Biotechnology, 21375 Cabot Boulevard, Hayward, CA 94545, USA. jriechmann@mendelbio.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11118137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/*genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/chemistry/*genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Genome, Plant ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: How do AMPA receptors that are made in the cytoplasm of excitatory neurons travel to and become localized in the distant postsynaptic membranes of dendrites? Nakagawa and Sheng, in a Perspective, suggest that the answer may lie in the stargazin protein that has now been found to interact with AMPA receptors, guiding them to the postsynaptic membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagawa, T -- Sheng, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2270-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebellum/cytology/*metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2000-04-25
    Description: Susceptibility to murine and human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus correlates strongly with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II I-A or HLA-DQ alleles that lack an aspartic acid at position beta57. I-Ag7 lacks this aspartate and is the only class II allele expressed by the nonobese diabetic mouse. The crystal structure of I-Ag7 was determined at 2.6 angstrom resolution as a complex with a high-affinity peptide from the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65. I-Ag7 has a substantially wider peptide-binding groove around beta57, which accounts for distinct peptide preferences compared with other MHC class II alleles. Loss of Asp(beta57) leads to an oxyanion hole in I-Ag7 that can be filled by peptide carboxyl residues or, perhaps, through interaction with the T cell receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corper, A L -- Stratmann, T -- Apostolopoulos, V -- Scott, C A -- Garcia, K C -- Kang, A S -- Wilson, I A -- Teyton, L -- CA58896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK55037/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 21;288(5465):505-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10775108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The signal recognition particle (SRP), a protein-RNA complex conserved in all three kingdoms of life, recognizes and transports specific proteins to cellular membranes for insertion or secretion. We describe here the 1.8 angstrom crystal structure of the universal core of the SRP, revealing protein recognition of a distorted RNA minor groove. Nucleotide analog interference mapping demonstrates the biological importance of observed interactions, and genetic results show that this core is functional in vivo. The structure explains why the conserved residues in the protein and RNA are required for SRP assembly and defines a signal sequence recognition surface composed of both protein and RNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Batey, R T -- Rambo, R P -- Lucast, L -- Rha, B -- Doudna, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1232-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Water/metabolism
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2000-09-16
    Description: Extremely halophilic archaea contain retinal-binding integral membrane proteins called bacteriorhodopsins that function as light-driven proton pumps. So far, bacteriorhodopsins capable of generating a chemiosmotic membrane potential in response to light have been demonstrated only in halophilic archaea. We describe here a type of rhodopsin derived from bacteria that was discovered through genomic analyses of naturally occuring marine bacterioplankton. The bacterial rhodopsin was encoded in the genome of an uncultivated gamma-proteobacterium and shared highest amino acid sequence similarity with archaeal rhodopsins. The protein was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and bound retinal to form an active, light-driven proton pump. The new rhodopsin exhibited a photochemical reaction cycle with intermediates and kinetics characteristic of archaeal proton-pumping rhodopsins. Our results demonstrate that archaeal-like rhodopsins are broadly distributed among different taxa, including members of the domain Bacteria. Our data also indicate that a previously unsuspected mode of bacterially mediated light-driven energy generation may commonly occur in oceanic surface waters worldwide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beja, O -- Aravind, L -- Koonin, E V -- Suzuki, M T -- Hadd, A -- Nguyen, L P -- Jovanovich, S B -- Gates, C M -- Feldman, R A -- Spudich, J L -- Spudich, E N -- DeLong, E F -- HG01775-02S1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM27750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1902-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039-0628, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/classification/physiology ; Bacteria/genetics ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; Gammaproteobacteria/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Photochemistry ; Photosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Phytoplankton/genetics/physiology ; Protein Binding ; Proton Pumps/physiology ; Retinaldehyde/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/*physiology ; Rhodopsins, Microbial ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: All aspects of cellular RNA metabolism and the replication of many viruses require DExH/D proteins that manipulate RNA in a manner that requires nucleoside triphosphates. Although DExH/D proteins have been shown to unwind purified RNA duplexes, most RNA molecules in the cellular environment are complexed with proteins. It has therefore been speculated that DExH/D proteins may also affect RNA-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the DExH protein NPH-II from vaccinia virus can displace the protein U1A from RNA in an active adenosine triphosphate-dependent fashion. NPH-II increases the rate of U1A dissociation by more than three orders of magnitude while retaining helicase processivity. This indicates that DExH/D proteins can effectively catalyze protein displacement from RNA and thereby participate in the structural reorganization of ribonucleoprotein assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jankowsky, E -- Gross, C H -- Shuman, S -- Pyle, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleoside-Triphosphatase ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; RNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Helicases/chemistry/*metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/*metabolism
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2001-05-05
    Description: The COP9 signalosome is an evolutionary conserved multiprotein complex of unknown function that acts as a negative regulator of photomorphogenic seedling development in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that plants with reduced COP9 signalosome levels had decreased auxin response similar to loss-of-function mutants of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1. Furthermore, we found that the COP9 signalosome and SCFTIR1 interacted in vivo and that the COP9 signalosome was required for efficient degradation of PSIAA6, a candidate substrate of SCFTIR1. Thus, the COP9 signalosome may play an important role in mediating E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwechheimer, C -- Serino, G -- Callis, J -- Crosby, W L -- Lyapina, S -- Deshaies, R J -- Gray, W M -- Estelle, M -- Deng, X W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1379-82. Epub 2001 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*drug effects/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Brassica ; Darkness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Indoleacetic Acids/*pharmacology ; Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Mutation/genetics ; Peas ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Subunits ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/genetics ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) binds all elongator aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (aa-tRNAs) for delivery to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Here, we show that EF-Tu binds misacylated tRNAs over a much wider range of affinities than it binds the corresponding correctly acylated tRNAs, suggesting that the protein exhibits considerable specificity for both the amino acid side chain and the tRNA body. The thermodynamic contributions of the amino acid and the tRNA body to the overall binding affinity are independent of each other and compensate for one another when the tRNAs are correctly acylated. Because certain misacylated tRNAs bind EF-Tu significantly more strongly or weakly than cognate aa-tRNAs, EF-Tu may contribute to translational accuracy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaRiviere, F J -- Wolfson, A D -- Uhlenbeck, O C -- GM-37552/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):165-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Amino Acids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Esterification ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Thermus thermophilus/metabolism ; Yeasts/metabolism
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segev, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1313-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. nava@uic.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; *Pregnancy Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is negatively regulated by the human factors DRB-sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF) and negative elongation factor (NELF). A 66-kilodalton subunit of NELF (NELF-A) shows limited sequence similarity to hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), the viral protein required for replication of hepatitis delta virus (HDV). The host RNAPII has been implicated in HDV replication, but the detailed mechanism and the role of HDAg in this process are not understood. We show that HDAg binds RNAPII directly and stimulates transcription by displacing NELF and promoting RNAPII elongation. These results suggest that HDAg may regulate RNAPII elongation during both cellular messenger RNA synthesis and HDV RNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, Y -- Filipovska, J -- Yano, K -- Furuya, A -- Inukai, N -- Narita, T -- Wada, T -- Sugimoto, S -- Konarska, M M -- Handa, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):124-7. Epub 2001 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Frontier Collaborative Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Consensus Sequence/genetics ; Enzyme Activation ; HeLa Cells ; Hepatitis Antigens/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Hepatitis Delta Virus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Hepatitis delta Antigens ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Subunits ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Movement ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, Notch ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Wound Healing
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) control cellular functions by transducing signals from the outside to the inside of cells. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are key modulators of the amplitude and duration of G protein-mediated signaling through their ability to serve as guanosine triphosphatase-activating proteins (GAPs). We have identified RGS-PX1, a Galpha(s)-specific GAP. The RGS domain of RGS-PX1 specifically interacted with Galpha(s), accelerated its GTP hydrolysis, and attenuated Galpha(s)-mediated signaling. RGS-PX1 also contains a Phox (PX) domain that resembles those in sorting nexin (SNX) proteins. Expression of RGS-PX1 delayed lysosomal degradation of the EGF receptor. Because of its bifunctional role as both a GAP and a SNX, RGS-PX1 may link heterotrimeric G protein signaling and vesicular trafficking.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, B -- Ma, Y C -- Ostrom, R S -- Lavoie, C -- Gill, G N -- Insel, P A -- Huang, X Y -- Farquhar, M G -- AG14563/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA58689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK17780/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM56904/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL53773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL63885/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Sorting Nexins ; Substrate Specificity ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De La Cruz, E M -- Pollard, T D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; *Contractile Proteins ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrolysis ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Profilins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Rhodamines/metabolism ; Thymosin/metabolism
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Bcl-2 family members bearing only the BH3 domain are essential inducers of apoptosis. We identified a BH3-only protein, Bmf, and show that its BH3 domain is required both for binding to prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and for triggering apoptosis. In healthy cells, Bmf is sequestered to myosin V motors by association with dynein light chain 2. Certain damage signals, such as loss of cell attachment (anoikis), unleash Bmf, allowing it to translocate and bind prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. Thus, at least two mammalian BH3-only proteins, Bmf and Bim, function to sense intracellular damage by their localization to distinct cytoskeletal structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puthalakath, H -- Villunger, A -- O'Reilly, L A -- Beaumont, J G -- Coultas, L -- Cheney, R E -- Huang, D C -- Strasser, A -- CA 80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R29 DC003299/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1829-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, 3050 VIC, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Anoikis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Dyneins ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; *Myosin Type V ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richter, J D -- Theurkauf, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):60-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. joel.richter@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Cell Division ; Cyclin B/*biosynthesis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Response Elements/genetics ; Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Xenopus laevis/embryology/metabolism
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Understanding how biochemical pathways are connected in the cell is one of the big challenges facing cell biologists. In a Perspective, von Zastrow and Mostov describe new work that identifies a protein called RGS-PX1 as the linchpin that connects signal transduction activated by G protein-coupled receptors with membrane trafficking events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Zastrow, M -- Mostov, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1845-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. zastrow@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Databases, Genetic ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; RGS Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sorting Nexins
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2001-05-19
    Description: Mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) deliver lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to endosomes and then return to the Golgi complex. TIP47 recognizes the cytoplasmic domains of MPRs and is required for endosome-to-Golgi transport. Here we show that TIP47 also bound directly to the Rab9 guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) in its active, GTP-bound conformation. Moreover, Rab9 increased the affinity of TIP47 for its cargo. A functional Rab9 binding site was required for TIP47 stimulation of MPR transport in vivo. Thus, a cytosolic cargo selection device may be selectively recruited onto a specific organelle, and vesicle budding might be coupled to the presence of an active Rab GTPase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carroll, K S -- Hanna, J -- Simon, I -- Krise, J -- Barbero, P -- Pfeffer, S R -- DK37332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1373-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution/genetics ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; *Pregnancy Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis involves two antagonistically acting components, COP1 and HY5. COP1 specifically targets HY5 for degradation via the 26S proteasome in the dark through their direct physical interaction. Little is known regarding how light signals perceived by photoreceptors are transduced to regulate COP1. Arabidopsis has two related cryptochromes (cry1 and cry2) mediating various blue/ultraviolet-A light responses. Here we show that both photoactivated cryptochromes repress COP1 activity through a direct protein-protein contact and that this direct regulation is primarily responsible for the cryptochrome-mediated blue light regulation of seedling photomorphogenic development and genome expression profile.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, H -- Ma, L G -- Li, J M -- Zhao, H Y -- Deng, X W -- GM-47850/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM59507/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):154-8. Epub 2001 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cryptochromes ; Darkness ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Eye Proteins ; Flavoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; *Light ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenotype ; *Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: In the visual system, the establishment of the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes in the retina and tectum during development is important for topographic retinotectal projection. We identified chick Ventroptin, an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), which is mainly expressed in the ventral retina, not only with a ventral high-dorsal low gradient but also with a nasal high-temporal low gradient at later stages. Misexpression of Ventroptin altered expression patterns of several topographic genes in the retina and projection of the retinal axons to the tectum along both axes. Thus, the topographic retinotectal projection appears to be specified by the double-gradient molecule Ventroptin along the two axes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakuta, H -- Suzuki, R -- Takahashi, H -- Kato, A -- Shintani, T -- Iemura Si -- Yamamoto, T S -- Ueno, N -- Noda, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):111-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electroporation ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Eye Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Library ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Morphogenesis ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Retina/*embryology/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Xenopus Proteins ; Xenopus laevis/embryology/metabolism
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humphries, M J -- Mould, A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):316-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. martin.humphries@man.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Ligands ; Metals/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Receptors, Vitronectin/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) is a typical example of a multidomain protein, for which in vivo folding is assumed to occur vectorially from the amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus. Using a pulse-chase approach in intact cells, we found instead that newly synthesized LDL-R molecules folded by way of "collapsed" intermediates that contained non-native disulfide bonds between distant cysteines. The most amino-terminal domain acquired its native conformation late in folding instead of during synthesis. Thus, productive LDL-R folding in a cell is not vectorial but is mostly posttranslational, and involves transient long-range non-native disulfide bonds that are isomerized into native short-range cysteine pairs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansens, Annemieke -- van Duijn, Esther -- Braakman, Ineke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry 1, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cysteine/chemistry ; Dithiothreitol ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Epitopes ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, LDL/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: The corepressor CtBP (carboxyl-terminal binding protein) is involved in transcriptional pathways important for development, cell cycle regulation, and transformation. We demonstrate that CtBP binding to cellular and viral transcriptional repressors is regulated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADH, with NADH being two to three orders of magnitude more effective. Levels of free nuclear nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, determined using two-photon microscopy, correspond to the levels required for half-maximal CtBP binding and are considerably lower than those previously reported. Agents capable of increasing NADH levels stimulate CtBP binding to its partners in vivo and potentiate CtBP-mediated repression. We propose that this ability to detect changes in nuclear NAD+/NADH ratio allows CtBP to serve as a redox sensor for transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qinghong -- Piston, David W -- Goodman, Richard H -- K01 CA096561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115468/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA115468-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1895-7. Epub 2002 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cadherins/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Time courses of translocation of fluorescently conjugated proteins to the plasma membrane were simultaneously measured in thousands of individual rat basophilic leukemia cells. We found that the C2 domain---a calcium-sensing, lipid-binding protein module that is an essential regulator of protein kinase C and numerous other proteins---targeted proteins to the plasma membrane transiently if calcium was released from internal stores, and persistently in response to entry of extracellular calcium across the plasma membrane. The C2 domain translocation time courses of stimulated cells clustered into only two primary modes. Hence, the reversible recruitment of families of signaling proteins from one cellular compartment to another is a rapid bifurcation mechanism for inducing discrete states of cellular signaling networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teruel, Mary N -- Meyer, Tobias -- CA83229/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM062144/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00057/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1910-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University Medical School, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Proteins ; Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Protein Transport ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Software ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: The Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein, the product of the spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene, is part of a large macromolecular complex (SMN complex) that functions in the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Using cell extracts and purified components, we demonstrated that the SMN complex is necessary and sufficient to mediate the ATP-dependent assembly of the core of seven Sm proteins on uridine-rich, small nuclear ribonucleic acids (U snRNAs). In vitro experiments revealed strict requirements for ordered binding of the Sm proteins and the U snRNAs to the SMN complex. Importantly, the SMN complex is necessary to ensure that Sm cores assemble only on correct RNA targets and prevent their otherwise promiscuous association with other RNAs. Thus, the SMN complex functions as a specificity factor essential for the efficient assembly of Sm proteins on U snRNAs and likely protects cells from illicit, and potentially deleterious, nonspecific binding of Sm proteins to RNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellizzoni, Livio -- Yong, Jeongsik -- Dreyfuss, Gideon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1775-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Extracts ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; DEAD Box Protein 20 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; SMN Complex Proteins
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: Peptide recognition modules mediate many protein-protein interactions critical for the assembly of macromolecular complexes. Complete genome sequences have revealed thousands of these domains, requiring improved methods for identifying their physiologically relevant binding partners. We have developed a strategy combining computational prediction of interactions from phage-display ligand consensus sequences with large-scale two-hybrid physical interaction tests. Application to yeast SH3 domains generated a phage-display network containing 394 interactions among 206 proteins and a two-hybrid network containing 233 interactions among 145 proteins. Graph theoretic analysis identified 59 highly likely interactions common to both networks. Las17 (Bee1), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) family of actin-assembly proteins, showed multiple SH3 interactions, many of which were confirmed in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Amy Hin Yan -- Drees, Becky -- Nardelli, Giuliano -- Bader, Gary D -- Brannetti, Barbara -- Castagnoli, Luisa -- Evangelista, Marie -- Ferracuti, Silvia -- Nelson, Bryce -- Paoluzi, Serena -- Quondam, Michele -- Zucconi, Adriana -- Hogue, Christopher W V -- Fields, Stanley -- Boone, Charles -- Cesareni, Gianni -- P41 RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):321-4. Epub 2001 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Computational Biology ; Consensus Sequence ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Databases, Genetic ; Databases, Protein ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proteome ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Software ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein ; src Homology Domains
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  • 45
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Chi -- Thompson, Craig B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. drt@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Apoptosis ; Asparagine/metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism/*pathology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: The Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) are multidomain proteins that bind mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) in the Golgi and have an essential role in lysosomal enzyme sorting. Here the GGAs and the coat protein adaptor protein-1 (AP-1) were shown to colocalize in clathrin-coated buds of the trans-Golgi networks of mouse L cells and human HeLa cells. Binding studies revealed a direct interaction between the hinge domains of the GGAs and the gamma-ear domain of AP-1. Further, AP-1 contained bound casein kinase-2 that phosphorylated GGA1 and GGA3, thereby causing autoinhibition. This could induce the directed transfer of the MPRs from GGAs to AP-1. MPRs that are defective in binding to GGAs are poorly incorporated into AP-1-containing clathrin-coated vesicles. Thus, the GGAs and AP-1 interact to package MPRs into AP-1-containing coated vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doray, Balraj -- Ghosh, Pradipta -- Griffith, Janice -- Geuze, Hans J -- Kornfeld, Stuart -- R01 CA-08759/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1700-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factors/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network/*metabolism
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  • 47
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: Internal protein dynamics are intimately connected to enzymatic catalysis. However, enzyme motions linked to substrate turnover remain largely unknown. We have studied dynamics of an enzyme during catalysis at atomic resolution using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation methods. During catalytic action of the enzyme cyclophilin A, we detect conformational fluctuations of the active site that occur on a time scale of hundreds of microseconds. The rates of conformational dynamics of the enzyme strongly correlate with the microscopic rates of substrate turnover. The present results, together with available structural data, allow a prediction of the reaction trajectory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenmesser, Elan Zohar -- Bosco, Daryl A -- Akke, Mikael -- Kern, Dorothee -- GM62117/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 22;295(5559):1520-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cyclophilin A/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Mathematics ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: Genetic selections were used to find peptides that inhibit biological pathways in budding yeast. The peptides were presented inside cells as peptamers, surface loops on a highly expressed and biologically inert carrier protein, a catalytically inactive derivative of staphylococcal nuclease. Peptamers that inhibited the pheromone signaling pathway, transcriptional silencing, and the spindle checkpoint were isolated. Putative targets for the inhibitors were identified by a combination of two-hybrid analysis and genetic dissection of the target pathways. This analysis identified Ydr517w as a component of the spindle checkpoint and reinforced earlier indications that Ste50 has both positive and negative roles in pheromone signaling. Analysis of transcript arrays showed that the peptamers were highly specific in their effects, which suggests that they may be useful reagents in organisms that lack sophisticated genetics as well as for identifying components of existing biological pathways that are potential targets for drug discovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, T C -- Smith, D L -- Sorger, P K -- Drees, B L -- O'Rourke, S M -- Hughes, T R -- Roberts, C J -- Friend, S H -- Fields, S -- Murray, A W -- P41-RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):591-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA. tnorman@microbia.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; G1 Phase ; Galactose/metabolism ; Lipoproteins/metabolism ; Micrococcal Nuclease ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Pheromones/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: For mapping energetic interactions in proteins, a technique was developed that uses evolutionary data for a protein family to measure statistical interactions between amino acid positions. For the PDZ domain family, this analysis predicted a set of energetically coupled positions for a binding site residue that includes unexpected long-range interactions. Mutational studies confirm these predictions, demonstrating that the statistical energy function is a good indicator of thermodynamic coupling in proteins. Sets of interacting residues form connected pathways through the protein fold that may be the basis for efficient energy conduction within proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockless, S W -- Ranganathan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):295-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Probability ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Statistics as Topic ; Thermodynamics
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: Binding of virus particles to specific host cell surface receptors is known to be an obligatory step in infection even though the molecular basis for these interactions is not well characterized. The crystal structure of the adenovirus fiber knob domain in complex with domain I of its human cellular receptor, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), is presented here. Surface-exposed loops on knob contact one face of CAR, forming a high-affinity complex. Topology mismatches between interacting surfaces create interfacial solvent-filled cavities and channels that may be targets for antiviral drug therapy. The structure identifies key determinants of binding specificity, which may suggest ways to modify the tropism of adenovirus-based gene therapy vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bewley, M C -- Springer, K -- Zhang, Y B -- Freimuth, P -- Flanagan, J M -- 1P41 RR12408-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1579-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) contains a cytoplasmic death domain that is required for the signaling of TNF activities such as apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Normally, these signals are generated only after TNF-induced receptor aggregation. However, TNF-R1 self-associates and signals independently of ligand when overexpressed. This apparent paradox may be explained by silencer of death domains (SODD), a widely expressed approximately 60-kilodalton protein that was found to be associated with the death domain of TNF-R1. TNF treatment released SODD from TNF-R1, permitting the recruitment of proteins such as TRADD and TRAF2 to the active TNF-R1 signaling complex. SODD also interacted with death receptor-3 (DR3), another member of the TNF receptor superfamily. Thus, SODD association may be representative of a general mechanism for preventing spontaneous signaling by death domain-containing receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Y -- Woronicz, J D -- Liu, W -- Goeddel, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik, Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptor Aggregation ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; U937 Cells
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: Vancomycin is an important drug for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Resistance to vancomycin has begun to appear, posing a serious public health threat. Vancomycin analogs containing modified carbohydrates are very active against resistant microorganisms. Results presented here show that these carbohydrate derivatives operate by a different mechanism than vancomycin; moreover, peptide binding is not required for activity. It is proposed that carbohydrate-modified vancomycin compounds are effective against resistant bacteria because they interact directly with bacterial proteins involved in the transglycosylation step of cell wall biosynthesis. These results suggest new strategies for designing glycopeptide antibiotics that overcome bacterial resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ge, M -- Chen, Z -- Onishi, H R -- Kohler, J -- Silver, L L -- Kerns, R -- Fukuzawa, S -- Thompson, C -- Kahne, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):507-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carbohydrates/chemistry ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dipeptides/*metabolism ; Drug Design ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Hexosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Peptidoglycan/*biosynthesis ; Peptidoglycan Glycosyltransferase ; Protein Binding ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Vancomycin/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-05
    Description: Phototropism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in response to a blue light source is initiated by nonphototropic hypocotyl 1 (NPH1), a light-activated serine-threonine protein kinase. Mutations in three loci [NPH2, root phototropism 2 (RPT2), and NPH3] disrupt early signaling occurring downstream of the NPH1 photoreceptor. The NPH3 gene, now cloned, encodes a NPH1-interacting protein. NPH3 is a member of a large protein family, apparently specific to higher plants, and may function as an adapter or scaffold protein to bring together the enzymatic components of a NPH1-activated phosphorelay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Motchoulski, A -- Liscum, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):961-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10542152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*metabolism ; Phototropism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 54
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The amino-terminal arginine-rich motif of coliphage HK022 Nun binds phage lambda nascent transcript, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain interacts with RNA polymerase (RNAP) and blocks transcription elongation. RNA binding is inhibited by zinc (Zn2+) and stimulated by Escherichia coli NusA. To study these interactions, the Nun carboxyl terminus was extended by a cysteine residue conjugated to a photochemical cross-linker. The carboxyl terminus contacted NusA and made Zn2+-dependent intramolecular contacts. When Nun was added to a paused transcription elongation complex, it cross-linked to the DNA template. Nun may arrest transcription by anchoring RNAP to DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watnick, R S -- Gottesman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2337-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Azides ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics/physiology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/virology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Peptide Elongation Factors ; Phenanthrolines/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pyridines ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Zinc/pharmacology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2000-06-02
    Description: The mechanism by which a signal recognition particle (SRP) and its receptor mediate protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the bacterial plasma membrane is evolutionarily conserved. In Escherichia coli, this reaction is mediated by the Ffh/4.5S RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (Ffh/4.5S RNP; the SRP) and the FtsY protein (the SRP receptor). We have quantified the effects of 4.5S RNA on Ffh-FtsY complex formation by monitoring changes in tryptophan fluorescence. Surprisingly, 4.5S RNA facilitates both assembly and disassembly of the Ffh-FtsY complex to a similar extent. These results provide an example of an RNA molecule facilitating protein-protein interactions in a catalytic fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peluso, P -- Herschlag, D -- Nock, S -- Freymann, D M -- Johnson, A E -- Walter, P -- GM 26494/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 32384/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 2;288(5471):1640-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10834842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Catalysis ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Chemical ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/chemistry/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Thermodynamics ; Tryptophan
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rademann, J -- Jung, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1947-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tubingen, Germany. joerg.rademann@uni-tubingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10755947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Assay ; *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; *Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; *Drug Design ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Ligands ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Binding
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: Tissue degradation by the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A is pivotal to inflammation and metastases. Recognizing the catalytic importance of substrate-binding exosites outside the catalytic domain, we screened for extracellular substrates using the gelatinase A hemopexin domain as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) was identified as a physiological substrate of gelatinase A. Cleaved MCP-3 binds to CC-chemokine receptors-1, -2, and -3, but no longer induces calcium fluxes or promotes chemotaxis, and instead acts as a general chemokine antagonist that dampens inflammation. This suggests that matrix metalloproteinases are both effectors and regulators of the inflammatory response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McQuibban, G A -- Gong, J H -- Tam, E M -- McCulloch, C A -- Clark-Lewis, I -- Overall, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1202-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL7 ; Chemokines/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Collagen/metabolism ; *Cytokines ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Library ; Hemopexin/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/*metabolism/pathology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2000-05-29
    Description: TFIID is a large multiprotein complex that initiates assembly of the transcription machinery. It is unclear how TFIID recognizes promoters in vivo when templates are nucleosome-bound. Here, it is shown that TAFII250, the largest subunit of TFIID, contains two tandem bromodomain modules that bind selectively to multiply acetylated histone H4 peptides. The 2.1 angstrom crystal structure of the double bromodomain reveals two side-by-side, four-helix bundles with a highly polarized surface charge distribution. Each bundle contains an Nepsilon-acetyllysine binding pocket at its center, which results in a structure ideally suited for recognition of diacetylated histone H4 tails. Thus, TFIID may be targeted to specific chromatin-bound promoters and may play a role in chromatin recognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobson, R H -- Ladurner, A G -- King, D S -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1422-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 401 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; *Transcription Factor TFIID ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis and in sporadic colorectal tumors. Here the APC gene product is shown to bind through its armadillo repeat domain to a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), termed Asef. Endogenous APC colocalized with Asef in mouse colon epithelial cells and neuronal cells. Furthermore, APC enhanced the GEF activity of Asef and stimulated Asef-mediated cell flattening, membrane ruffling, and lamellipodia formation in MDCK cells. These results suggest that the APC-Asef complex may regulate the actin cytoskeletal network, cell morphology and migration, and neuronal function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawasaki, Y -- Senda, T -- Ishidate, T -- Koyama, R -- Morishita, T -- Iwayama, Y -- Higuchi, O -- Akiyama, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1194-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cell Size ; Colon/cytology/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; beta Catenin ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: A backbone model of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II has been derived from x-ray diffraction data extending to 3 angstroms resolution. All 10 subunits exhibit a high degree of identity with the corresponding human proteins, and 9 of the 10 subunits are conserved among the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Notable features of the model include a pair of jaws, formed by subunits Rpb1, Rpb5, and Rpb9, that appear to grip DNA downstream of the active center. A clamp on the DNA nearer the active center, formed by Rpb1, Rpb2, and Rpb6, may be locked in the closed position by RNA, accounting for the great stability of transcribing complexes. A pore in the protein complex beneath the active center may allow entry of substrates for polymerization and exit of the transcript during proofreading and passage through pause sites in the DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cramer, P -- Bushnell, D A -- Fu, J -- Gnatt, A L -- Maier-Davis, B -- Thompson, N E -- Burgess, R R -- Edwards, A M -- David, P R -- Kornberg, R D -- GM49985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):640-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; Enzyme Stability ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Humans ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermus/enzymology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription Factors, General ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Elongation Factors
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: The CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) proteins form a potential receptor and ligand pair that regulates the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation at the shoot meristem of Arabidopsis. CLV1 encodes a receptor-kinase, and CLV3 encodes a predicted small, secreted polypeptide. We demonstrate that the CLV3 and CLV1 proteins coimmunoprecipitate in vivo, that yeast cells expressing CLV1 and CLV2 bind to CLV3 from plant extracts, and that binding requires CLV1 kinase activity. CLV3 only associates with the presumed active CLV1 protein complex in vivo. More than 75% of CLV3 in cauliflower extracts is bound with CLV1, consistent with hypotheses of ligand sequestration. Soluble CLV3 was found in an approximately 25-kilodalton multimeric complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trotochaud, A E -- Jeong, S -- Clark, S E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):613-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Biopolymers ; Brassica/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Immune Sera ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Meristem/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Extracts/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Signal Transduction
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-06-17
    Description: Mutations introduced into human growth hormone (hGH) (Thr175 --〉 Gly-hGH) and the extracellular domain of the hGH receptor (Trp104 --〉 Gly-hGHbp) created a cavity at the protein-protein interface that resulted in binding affinity being reduced by a factor of 10(6). A small library of indole analogs was screened for small molecules that bind the cavity created by the mutations and restore binding affinity. The ligand 5-chloro-2-trichloromethylimidazole was found to increase the affinity of the mutant hormone for its receptor more than 1000-fold. Cell proliferation and JAK2 phosphorylation assays showed that the mutant hGH activates growth hormone signaling in the presence of added ligand. This approach may allow other protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions to be switched on or off by the addition or depletion of exogenous small molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Z -- Zhou, D -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 16;288(5473):2042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Human Growth Hormone/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Imidazoles/*chemistry/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Somatotropin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Modern drug discovery often involves screening small molecules for their ability to bind to a preselected protein target. Target-oriented syntheses of these small molecules, individually or as collections (focused libraries), can be planned effectively with retrosynthetic analysis. Drug discovery can also involve screening small molecules for their ability to modulate a biological pathway in cells or organisms, without regard for any particular protein target. This process is likely to benefit in the future from an evolving forward analysis of synthetic pathways, used in diversity-oriented synthesis, that leads to structurally complex and diverse small molecules. One goal of diversity-oriented syntheses is to synthesize efficiently a collection of small molecules capable of perturbing any disease-related biological pathway, leading eventually to the identification of therapeutic protein targets capable of being modulated by small molecules. Several synthetic planning principles for diversity-oriented synthesis and their role in the drug discovery process are presented in this review.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1964-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. sls@slsiris.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; *Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Models, Chemical ; Organic Chemicals/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/metabolism
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):80-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Cancer Vaccines ; *Computer Simulation ; Databases, Factual ; *Drug Design ; Epitopes/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Neural Networks (Computer) ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptides/*immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ; Protein Binding ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Vaccines
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: The effective regulation of T cell responses is dependent on opposing signals transmitted through two related cell-surface receptors, CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Dimerization of CTLA-4 is required for the formation of high-avidity complexes with B7 ligands and for transmission of signals that attenuate T cell activation. We determined the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of CTLA-4 to 2.0 angstrom resolution. CTLA-4 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and displays a strand topology similar to Valpha domains, with an unusual mode of dimerization that places the B7 binding sites distal to the dimerization interface. This organization allows each CTLA-4 dimer to bind two bivalent B7 molecules and suggests that a periodic arrangement of these components within the immunological synapse may contribute to the regulation of T cell responsiveness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostrov, D A -- Shi, W -- Schwartz, J C -- Almo, S C -- Nathenson, S G -- AI07289/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42970/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA09173/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Immunoconjugates ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-05-29
    Description: We show that transcription factor IIH ERCC3 subunit, the DNA helicase responsible for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent promoter melting during transcription initiation, does not interact with the promoter region that undergoes melting but instead interacts with DNA downstream of this region. We show further that promoter melting does not change protein-DNA interactions upstream of the region that undergoes melting but does change interactions within and downstream of this region. Our results rule out the proposal that IIH functions in promoter melting through a conventional DNA-helicase mechanism. We propose that IIH functions as a molecular wrench: rotating downstream DNA relative to fixed upstream protein-DNA interactions, thereby generating torque on, and melting, the intervening DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, T K -- Ebright, R H -- Reinberg, D -- GM37120/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM53665/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1418-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Transcription Factor TFIIH ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors, TFII ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2001-10-20
    Description: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to cellular membranes. A crucial early step in SRP assembly in archaea and eukarya is the binding of protein SRP19 to specific sites on SRP RNA. Here we report the 1.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human SRP19 in complex with its primary binding site on helix 6 of SRP RNA, which consists of a stem-loop structure closed by an unusual GGAG tetraloop. Protein-RNA interactions are mediated by the specific recognition of a widened major groove and the tetraloop without any direct protein-base contacts and include a complex network of highly ordered water molecules. A model of the assembly of the SRP core comprising SRP19, SRP54, and SRP RNA based on crystallographic and biochemical data is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wild, K -- Sinning, I -- Cusack, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):598-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemie-Zentrum (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. klemens.wild@bzh.uni-heidelberg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/metabolism ; Water/chemistry
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2001-05-12
    Description: HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statins are HMGR inhibitors with inhibition constant values in the nanomolar range that effectively lower serum cholesterol levels and are widely prescribed in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We have determined structures of the catalytic portion of human HMGR complexed with six different statins. The statins occupy a portion of the binding site of HMG-CoA, thus blocking access of this substrate to the active site. Near the carboxyl terminus of HMGR, several catalytically relevant residues are disordered in the enzyme-statin complexes. If these residues were not flexible, they would sterically hinder statin binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Istvan, E S -- Deisenhofer, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1160-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Coenzyme A/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Anticholesteremic Agents/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase ; Inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Pliability ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology/*economics ; Databases as Topic/*economics ; Europe ; European Union ; *Financing, Organized ; *Genome ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Proteome/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):64-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. berger@wistar.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Centromere/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Gene Silencing ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; *Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Histones/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Methyltransferases ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; *Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Serine/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Skeletal muscle adapts to decreases in activity and load by undergoing atrophy. To identify candidate molecular mediators of muscle atrophy, we performed transcript profiling. Although many genes were up-regulated in a single rat model of atrophy, only a small subset was universal in all atrophy models. Two of these genes encode ubiquitin ligases: Muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF1), and a gene we designate Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx), the latter being a member of the SCF family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Overexpression of MAFbx in myotubes produced atrophy, whereas mice deficient in either MAFbx or MuRF1 were found to be resistant to atrophy. These proteins are potential drug targets for the treatment of muscle atrophy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodine, S C -- Latres, E -- Baumhueter, S -- Lai, V K -- Nunez, L -- Clarke, B A -- Poueymirou, W T -- Panaro, F J -- Na, E -- Dharmarajan, K -- Pan, Z Q -- Valenzuela, D M -- DeChiara, T M -- Stitt, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- Glass, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1704-8. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591-6707, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; Creatine Kinase, MM Form ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Hindlimb Suspension ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Muscular Atrophy/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; MyoD Protein/genetics ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 ; Myogenin/genetics ; Peptide Synthases/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ; *Trans-Activators ; Up-Regulation
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2001-05-05
    Description: SCF ubiquitin ligases control various processes by marking regulatory proteins for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. To illuminate how SCF complexes are regulated, we sought proteins that interact with the human SCF component CUL1. The COP9 signalosome (CSN), a suppressor of plant photomorphogenesis, associated with multiple cullins and promoted cleavage of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe CUL1 in vivo and in vitro. Multiple NEDD8-modified proteins uniquely accumulated in CSN-deficient S. pombe cells. We propose that the broad spectrum of activities previously attributed to CSN subunits--including repression of photomorphogenesis, activation of JUN, and activation of p27 nuclear export--underscores the importance of dynamic cycles of NEDD8 attachment and removal in biological regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyapina, S -- Cope, G -- Shevchenko, A -- Serino, G -- Tsuge, T -- Zhou, C -- Wolf, D A -- Wei, N -- Deshaies, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1382-5. Epub 2001 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11337588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cullin Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Mutation/genetics ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Peptide Synthases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Subunits ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Swine ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay, or NMD, is a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. NMD depends on both pre-mRNA splicing and translation, and it requires recognition of the position of stop codons relative to exon-exon junctions. A key factor in NMD is hUpf3, a mostly nuclear protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm and interacts specifically with spliced mRNAs. We found that hUpf3 interacts with Y14, a component of post-splicing mRNA-protein (mRNP) complexes, and that hUpf3 is enriched in Y14-containing mRNP complexes. The mRNA export factors Aly/REF and TAP are also associated with nuclear hUpf3, indicating that hUpf3 is in mRNP complexes that are poised for nuclear export. Like Y14 and Aly/REF, hUpf3 binds to spliced mRNAs specifically ( approximately 20 nucleotides) upstream of exon-exon junctions. The splicing-dependent binding of hUpf3 to mRNAs before export, as part of the complex that assembles near exon-exon junctions, allows it to serve as a link between splicing and NMD in the cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, V N -- Kataoka, N -- Dreyfuss, G -- 5 R01 GM37125.14/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/metabolism ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Line ; Codon, Nonsense/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Exons/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Globins/genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Biological ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; RNA Splicing/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Hedgehog proteins constitute one of the major classes of intercellular signals that control inductive interactions during animal development. These proteins undergo unusual lipid modifications and signal through an unconventional transmembrane protein receptor that is characterized by a sequence motif implicated in sterol sensing. Recent studies suggest that the lipid adducts regulate the range and potency of the signals, whereas the sterol-sensing domain is essential for receptor activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingham, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1879-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Intercellular Signalling Group, Centre for Developmental Genetics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. p.w.ingham@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Transport ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ottosen, Soren -- Herrera, Francisco J -- Triezenberg, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):479-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Yeasts/enzymology/*genetics
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2002-02-23
    Description: The chromodomain of the HP1 family of proteins recognizes histone tails with specifically methylated lysines. Here, we present structural, energetic, and mutational analyses of the complex between the Drosophila HP1 chromodomain and the histone H3 tail with a methyllysine at residue 9, a modification associated with epigenetic silencing. The histone tail inserts as a beta strand, completing the beta-sandwich architecture of the chromodomain. The methylammonium group is caged by three aromatic side chains, whereas adjacent residues form discerning contacts with one face of the chromodomain. Comparison of dimethyl- and trimethyllysine-containing complexes suggests a role for cation-pi and van der Waals interactions, with trimethylation slightly improving the binding affinity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, Steven A -- Khorasanizadeh, Sepideh -- GM63959-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2080-3. Epub 2002 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11859155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Histones/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lysine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sequence Alignment
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: Estrogen regulates a plethora of functionally dissimilar processes in a broad range of tissues. Recent progress in the study of the molecular mechanism of action of estrogen(s) has revealed why different cells can respond to the same hormone in a different manner. Three of these findings are of particular importance: (i) There are two genetically and functionally distinct estrogen receptors that have distinct expression patterns in vivo; (ii) the positive and negative transcriptional activities of these receptors require them to engage transcription cofactors (coactivators or corepressors) in target cells; and (iii) not all cofactors are functionally equivalent, nor are they expressed in the same manner in all cells. Thus, although the estrogen receptor is required for a cell to respond to an estrogenic stimulus, the nature and extent of that response are determined by the proteins, pathways, and processes with which the receptor interacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonnell, Donald P -- Norris, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710, USA. donald.mcdonnell@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: One role of messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation is to maintain the fidelity of gene expression by degrading aberrant transcripts. Recent results show that mRNAs without translation termination codons are unstable in eukaryotic cells. We used yeast mutants to demonstrate that these "nonstop" mRNAs are degraded by the exosome in a 3'-to-5' direction. The degradation of nonstop transcripts requires the exosome-associated protein Ski7p. Ski7p is closely related to the translation elongation factor EF1A and the translation termination factor eRF3. This suggests that the recognition of nonstop mRNAs involves the binding of Ski7p to an empty aminoacyl-(RNA-binding) site (A site) on the ribosome, thereby bringing the exosome to a mRNA with a ribosome stalled near the 3' end. This system efficiently degrades mRNAs that are prematurely polyadenylated within the coding region and prevents their expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Hoof, Ambro -- Frischmeyer, Pamela A -- Dietz, Harry C -- Parker, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. : ambro@u.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Codon, Terminator/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *GTP-Binding Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Half-Life ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polyadenylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA 3' End Processing ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Deletion/*genetics
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a mammalian transcription factor that binds DNA as an obligate dimeric partner of BMAL1 and is implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythm. Here we show that both PAS domains of NPAS2 bind heme as a prosthetic group and that the heme status controls DNA binding in vitro. NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimers, existing in either the apo (heme-free) or holo (heme-loaded) state, bound DNA avidly under favorably reducing ratios of the reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Low micromolar concentrations of carbon monoxide inhibited the DNA binding activity of holo-NPAS2 but not that of apo-NPAS2. Upon exposure to carbon monoxide, inactive BMAL1 homodimers were formed at the expense of NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimers. These results indicate that the heterodimerization of NPAS2, and presumably the expression of its target genes, are regulated by a gas through the heme-based sensor described here.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dioum, Elhadji M -- Rutter, Jared -- Tuckerman, Jason R -- Gonzalez, Gonzalo -- Gilles-Gonzalez, Marie-Alda -- McKnight, Steven L -- NIH5-T32-GM08-291-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL640381/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH5938805/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2385-7. Epub 2002 Nov 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Biochemistry and Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Carbon Monoxide/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Circadian Rhythm ; DNA/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Heme/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Arabidopsis VRN genes mediate vernalization, the process by which a long period of cold induces a mitotically stable state that leads to accelerated flowering during later development. VRN1 encodes a protein that binds DNA in vitro in a non-sequence-specific manner and functions in stable repression of the major target of the vernalization pathway, the floral repressor FLC. Overexpression of VRN1 reveals a vernalization-independent function for VRN1, mediated predominantly through the floral pathway integrator FT, and demonstrates that VRN1 requires vernalization-specific factors to target FLC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, Yaron Y -- Mesnage, Stephane -- Mylne, Joshua S -- Gendall, Anthony R -- Dean, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Photoperiod ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plant Structures/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Repressor Proteins ; Temperature
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendelsohn, A R -- Brent, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1948-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Sciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. amendelsohn@sequence.molsci.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*methods ; Energy Transfer ; Fluorescence ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Surface Plasmon Resonance
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a soluble protein that is present in serum and other body fluids. ZAG stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. The 2.8 angstrom crystal structure of ZAG resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heavy chain, but ZAG does not bind the class I light chain beta2-microglobulin. The ZAG structure includes a large groove analogous to class I MHC peptide binding grooves. Instead of a peptide, the ZAG groove contains a nonpeptidic compound that may be implicated in lipid catabolism under normal or pathological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, L M -- Chirino, A J -- Bjorkman, P j -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1914-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/blood/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; HLA-A2 Antigen/chemistry/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Lipid Metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Seminal Plasma Proteins ; beta 2-Microglobulin/metabolism
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Experiments with vesicles containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B subunit) show that they are transported along microtubules by KIF17, a neuron-specific molecular motor in neuronal dendrites. Selective transport is accomplished by direct interaction of the KIF17 tail with a PDZ domain of mLin-10 (Mint1/X11), which is a constituent of a large protein complex including mLin-2 (CASK), mLin-7 (MALS/Velis), and the NR2B subunit. This interaction, specific for a neurotransmitter receptor critically important for plasticity in the postsynaptic terminal, may be a regulatory point for synaptic plasticity and neuronal morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Setou, M -- Nakagawa, T -- Seog, D H -- Hirokawa, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1796-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dendrites/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Kinesin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Organelles/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: The protein N-WASP [a homolog to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)] regulates actin polymerization by stimulating the actin-nucleating activity of the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. N-WASP is tightly regulated by multiple signals: Only costimulation by Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) yields potent polymerization. We found that regulation requires N-WASP's constitutively active output domain (VCA) and two regulatory domains: a Cdc42-binding domain and a previously undescribed PIP(2)-binding domain. In the absence of stimuli, the regulatory modules together hold the VCA-Arp2/3 complex in an inactive "closed" conformation. In this state, both the Cdc42- and PIP2-binding sites are masked. Binding of either input destabilizes the closed state and enhances binding of the other input. This cooperative activation mechanism shows how combinations of simple binding domains can be used to integrate and amplify coincident signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prehoda, K E -- Scott, J A -- Mullins, R D -- Lim, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):801-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Thermodynamics ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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  • 85
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Signaling proteins can be regulated by their interactions with other proteins and phospholipids. As Fawcett and Pawson discuss in their Perspective, activation of the N-WASP protein (which coordinates formation of actin filaments) is far more complex, depending on the interaction of N-WASP with both a protein and a phospholipid. The authors explain new results (Prehoda et al.) demonstrating that cooperative binding of the phospholipid PIP2 and the small GTPase Cdc42 to N-WASP results in its activation. The Arp2/3 complex is then able to bind to N-WASP and to proceed with its job of initiating the assembly of actin monomers into actin filaments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fawcett, J -- Pawson, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):725-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. fawcett@mshri.on.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2 ; Actin-Related Protein 3 ; Actins/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biopolymers ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal ; Xenopus ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: The initiation sites of bidirectional synthesis at the DNA replication origin located at the 3' end of the human lamin B2 gene were investigated. RNA-primed nascent DNA molecules were subjected to second-strand synthesis with appropriate primers, amplified by ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction, and size fractionated. Evidence for precise start sites was obtained. Exploration of close to 1 kilobase, coupled to inhibition of Okazaki fragment synthesis, demonstrates that the leading strands initiate at precise nucleotides on either helix, overlapping by three base pairs, within the area bound to a protein complex possibly analogous to the prereplicative complex of yeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdurashidova, G -- Deganuto, M -- Klima, R -- Riva, S -- Biamonti, G -- Giacca, M -- Falaschi, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine Units, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AT Rich Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/biosynthesis ; DNA Primers/metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; Emetine/pharmacology ; G1 Phase ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Lamin Type B ; Lamins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; *Replication Origin ; S Phase
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: Correct positioning of the mitotic spindle is critical for cell division and development. Spindle positioning involves a search-and-capture mechanism whereby dynamic microtubules find and then interact with specific sites on the submembrane cortex. Genetic, biochemical, and imaging experiments suggest a mechanism for cortical-microtubule capture. Bim1p, located at microtubule distal ends, bound Kar9p, a protein associated with the daughter cell cortex. Bim1p is the yeast ortholog of human EB1, a binding partner for the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor. EB1 family proteins may have a general role in linking the microtubule cytoskeleton to cortical polarity determinants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, L -- Tirnauer, J S -- Li, J -- Schuyler, S C -- Liu, J Y -- Pellman, D -- GM55772/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- KO8 DK02578/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2260-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pediatric Oncology, The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Pediatric Hematology, The Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; G1 Phase ; Microtubule Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology
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  • 88
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):52-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA. kim@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10644223" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; *Genome ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Vulva/growth & development ; Yeasts/genetics
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: The checkpoint kinases ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3 related) transduce genomic stress signals to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. We report the identification of an ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) that is phosphorylated by ATR, regulates ATR expression, and is an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. ATR and ATRIP both localize to intranuclear foci after DNA damage or inhibition of replication. Deletion of ATR mediated by the Cre recombinase caused the loss of ATR and ATRIP expression, loss of DNA damage checkpoint responses, and cell death. Therefore, ATR is essential for the viability of human somatic cells. Small interfering RNA directed against ATRIP caused the loss of both ATRIP and ATR expression and the loss of checkpoint responses to DNA damage. Thus, ATRIP and ATR are mutually dependent partners in cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cortez, D -- Guntuku, S -- Qin, J -- Elledge, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Verna and Mars McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; *Cell Cycle ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Exodeoxyribonucleases ; Exons/genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; *Signal Transduction ; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 90
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA. jgolds@mednet.swmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol/blood/*metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*genetics/*metabolism ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, LDL/genetics/metabolism
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Genetic self-incompatibility in Brassica is determined by alleles of the transmembrane serine-threonine kinase SRK, which functions in the stigma epidermis, and of the cysteine-rich peptide SCR, which functions in pollen. Using tagged versions of SRK and SCR as well as endogenous stigma and pollen proteins, we show that SCR binds the SRK ectodomain and that this binding is allele specific. Thus, SRK and SCR function as a receptor-ligand pair in the recognition of self pollen. Specificity in the self-incompatibility response derives from allele-specific formation of SRK-SCR complexes at the pollen-stigma interface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kachroo, A -- Schopfer, C R -- Nasrallah, M E -- Nasrallah, J B -- GM57527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1824-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Binding Sites ; Brassica/*genetics/*metabolism ; Fertilization/physiology ; Ligands ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Structures/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Plants, Toxic ; Pollen/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Substrate Specificity ; Tobacco
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: The existence of a large number of receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) raises the question of how a particular receptor selectively regulates specific targets. We provide insight into this question by identifying a prototypical macromolecular signaling complex. The beta(2) adrenergic receptor was found to be directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(v)1.2. This complex also contained a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase PP2A. Our electrophysiological recordings from hippocampal neurons demonstrate highly localized signal transduction from the receptor to the channel. The assembly of this signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by a G protein-coupled receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davare, M A -- Avdonin, V -- Hall, D D -- Peden, E M -- Burette, A -- Weinberg, R J -- Horne, M C -- Hoshi, T -- Hell, J W -- AG00213/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG17502/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM08688/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56900/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL61645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS35563/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS39444/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; Albuterol/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Prosencephalon/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/drug effects/enzymology/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: To facilitate studies of the yeast proteome, we cloned 5800 open reading frames and overexpressed and purified their corresponding proteins. The proteins were printed onto slides at high spatial density to form a yeast proteome microarray and screened for their ability to interact with proteins and phospholipids. We identified many new calmodulin- and phospholipid-interacting proteins; a common potential binding motif was identified for many of the calmodulin-binding proteins. Thus, microarrays of an entire eukaryotic proteome can be prepared and screened for diverse biochemical activities. The microarrays can also be used to screen protein-drug interactions and to detect posttranslational modifications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, H -- Bilgin, M -- Bangham, R -- Hall, D -- Casamayor, A -- Bertone, P -- Lan, N -- Jansen, R -- Bidlingmaier, S -- Houfek, T -- Mitchell, T -- Miller, P -- Dean, R A -- Gerstein, M -- Snyder, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2101-5. Epub 2001 Jul 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptide Library ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Proteome ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Streptavidin/metabolism
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Ykt6p is a nonsyntaxin SNARE implicated in multiple intracellular membrane trafficking steps. Here we present the structure of the NH2-terminal domain of Ykt6p (Ykt6pN, residues 1 to 140). The structure of Ykt6pN differed entirely from that of syntaxin and resembled the overall fold of the actin regulatory protein, profilin. Like some syntaxins, Ykt6p adopted a folded back conformation in which Ykt6pN bound to its COOH-terminal core domain. The NH2-terminal domain plays an important biological role in the function of Ykt6p, which in vitro studies revealed to include influencing the kinetics and proper assembly of SNARE complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tochio, H -- Tsui, M M -- Banfield, D K -- Zhang, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):698-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Contractile Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Profilins ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; Qc-SNARE Proteins ; R-SNARE Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; SNARE Proteins ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: In both animal and yeast cells, signaling pathways involving small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate polarized organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Ras-like GTPase Bud1/Rsr1 and its guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)/guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) exchange factor Bud5 are involved in the selection of a specific site for growth, thus determining cell polarity. We found that Bud5 is localized at the cell division site and the presumptive bud site. Its localization is dependent on potential cellular landmarks, such as Bud3 and Axl2/Bud10 in haploid cells and Bud8 and Bud9 in diploid cells. Bud5 also physically interacts with Axl2/Bud10, a transmembrane glycoprotein, suggesting that a receptor-like transmembrane protein recruits a GDP/GTP exchange factor to connect an intrinsic spatial signal to oriented cell growth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386611/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386611/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, P J -- Sanson, A -- Lee, B -- Park, H O -- R01 GM056997/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056997-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1376-8. Epub 2001 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1292, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; *Cell Polarity ; Diploidy ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Genotype ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Haploidy ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazlauskas, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2277-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada. romas.kazlauskas@mcgill.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; *Computer Simulation ; DNA/chemistry ; *Models, Chemical ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Atherogenic low density lipoproteins are cleared from the circulation by hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). Two inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia result from loss of LDLR activity: autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), caused by mutations in the LDLR gene, and autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), of unknown etiology. Here we map the ARH locus to an approximately 1-centimorgan interval on chromosome 1p35 and identify six mutations in a gene encoding a putative adaptor protein (ARH). ARH contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which in other proteins binds NPXY motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of cell-surface receptors, including the LDLR. ARH appears to have a tissue-specific role in LDLR function, as it is required in liver but not in fibroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, C K -- Wilund, K -- Arca, M -- Zuliani, G -- Fellin, R -- Maioli, M -- Calandra, S -- Bertolini, S -- Cossu, F -- Grishin, N -- Barnes, R -- Cohen, J C -- Hobbs, H H -- E.0565/Telethon/Italy -- HL07360/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P0I-HL2048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1394-8. Epub 2001 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Genes, Recessive/*genetics ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Introns/genetics ; Italy ; Lebanon ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; Pedigree ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LDL/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. gary.johnson@uchsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Dip-pen nanolithography was used to construct arrays of proteins with 100- to 350-nanometer features. These nanoarrays exhibit almost no detectable nonspecific binding of proteins to their passivated portions even in complex mixtures of proteins, and therefore provide the opportunity to study a variety of surface-mediated biological recognition processes. For example, reactions involving the protein features and antigens in complex solutions can be screened easily by atomic force microscopy. As further proof-of-concept, these arrays were used to study cellular adhesion at the submicrometer scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Ki-Bum -- Park, So-Jung -- Mirkin, Chad A -- Smith, Jennifer C -- Mrksich, Milan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1702-5. Epub 2002 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Adsorption ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; *Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Focal Adhesions ; *Immunoglobulin G/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Miniaturization ; *Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; *Nanotechnology ; Palmitic Acids/*chemistry ; Protein Binding ; *Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor Aggregation ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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