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  • 1
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    Minding Glial Cells in the Novel Understandings of Mental Illness (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Traditionally, abnormalities of neurons and neuronal networks including synaptic abnormalities and disturbance of neurotransmitters have dominantly been believed to be the main causes of psychiatric disorders. Recent cellular neuroscience has revealed various unknown roles of glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. These glial cells have proved to continuously contact with neurons /synapses, and have been shown to play important roles in brain development, homeostasis and various brain functions. Beyond the classic neuronal doctrine, accumulating evidence has suggested that abnormalities and disturbances of neuron-glia crosstalk may induce psychiatric disorders, while these mechanisms have not been well understood. This Research Topic of the Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience will focus on the most recent developments and ideas in the study of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) focusing on psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders and autism. Not only molecular, cellular and pharmacological approaches using in vitro / in vivo experimental methods but also translational research approaches are welcome. Novel translational research approaches, for example, using novel techniques such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, may lead to novel solutions. We believe that investigations to clarify the correlation between glial cells and psychiatric disorders contribute to a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the development of effective treatment strategies.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Astrocytes ; Mental Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; oligodendrocytes ; Anxiety ; glia ; major depression ; autism ; Microglia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    In-liquid process by atmospheric pressure plasma for reduction of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu phosphor (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: To utilize the interactions between particles suspended in water and radicals generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma for the reduction of phosphor, the luminescence properties of an SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu phosphor suspension irradiated using a dielectric barrier discharge were investigated. SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu was synthesized by a polymerized complex method. Although the SrAl 2 O 4 was decomposed for rapid deposition as SrCO 3 , some Eu 3+ ions were reduced to Eu 2+ ions after the dielectric barrier discharge irradiation.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Imaging the seismic structure and stress field in the source region of the 2004 mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake: Structural zones of weakness and seismogenic stress concentration by ductile flow (2006)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Amsterdam, Univ. Tokyo, vol. 111, no. B8, pp. 1-18, pp. B08308, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Tomography ; Seismics (controlled source seismology) ; Stress ; Earthquake ; Rheology ; Japan ; JGR ; 7230 ; Seismology: ; Seismicity ; and ; tectonics ; 7270 ; Tomography ; 8164 ; Tectonophysics: ; Stresses: ; crust ; and ; lithosphere ; 8012 ; Structural ; Geology: ; High ; strain ; deformation ; zones ; 8015 ; Local ; crustal ; structure
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Increased cytoplasmic TARDBP mRNA in affected spinal motor neurons in ALS caused by abnormal autoregulation of TDP-43 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-09
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder. In motor neurons of ALS, TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), a nuclear protein encoded by TARDBP , is absent from the nucleus and forms cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 auto-regulates the amount by regulating the TARDBP mRNA, which has three polyadenylation signals (PASs) and three additional alternative introns within the last exon. However, it is still unclear how the autoregulatory mechanism works and how the status of autoregulation in ALS motor neurons without nuclear TDP-43 is. Here we show that TDP-43 inhibits the selection of the most proximal PAS and induces splicing of multiple alternative introns in TARDBP mRNA to decrease the amount of cytoplasmic TARDBP mRNA by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. When TDP-43 is depleted, the TARDBP mRNA uses the most proximal PAS and is increased in the cytoplasm. Finally, we have demonstrated that in ALS motor neurons—especially neurons with mislocalized TDP-43—the amount of TARDBP mRNA is increased in the cytoplasm. Our observations indicate that nuclear TDP-43 contributes to the autoregulation and suggests that the absence of nuclear TDP-43 induces an abnormal autoregulation and increases the amount of TARDBP mRNA. The vicious cycle might accelerate the disease progression of ALS.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Decreased number of Gemini of coiled bodies and U12 snRNA level in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: Disappearance of TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) from the nucleus contributes to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the nuclear function of TDP-43 is not yet fully understood. TDP-43 associates with nuclear bodies including Gemini of coiled bodies (GEMs). GEMs contribute to the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA (U snRNA), a component of splicing machinery. The number of GEMs and a subset of U snRNAs decrease in spinal muscular atrophy, a lower motor neuron disease, suggesting that alteration of U snRNAs may also underlie the molecular pathogenesis of ALS. Here, we investigated the number of GEMs and U11/12-type small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) by immunohistochemistry and the level of U snRNAs using real-time quantitative RT-PCR in ALS tissues. GEMs decreased in both TDP-43-depleted HeLa cells and spinal motor neurons in ALS patients. Levels of several U snRNAs decreased in TDP-43-depleted SH-SY5Y and U87-MG cells. The level of U12 snRNA was decreased in tissues affected by ALS (spinal cord, motor cortex and thalamus) but not in tissues unaffected by ALS (cerebellum, kidney and muscle). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the decrease in U11/12-type snRNP in spinal motor neurons of ALS patients. These findings suggest that loss of TDP-43 function decreases the number of GEMs, which is followed by a disturbance of pre-mRNA splicing by the U11/U12 spliceosome in tissues affected by ALS.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    High energy product in Battenberg structured magnets (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: Multiphase nano-structured permanent magnets show a high thermal stability of remanence and a high energy product while the amount of rare-earth elements is reduced. Non-zero temperature micromagnetic simulations show that a temperature coefficient of remanence of −0.073%/K and that an energy product greater than 400 kJ/m 3 can be achieved at a temperature of 450 K in a magnet containing around 40 volume percent Fe 65 Co 35 embedded in a hard magnetic matrix.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Microstructural and magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B alloys processed by equal-channel angular pressing (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well-established thermo-mechanical processing technique. This technique allows virtually unlimited strain and manipulation of texture by processing route, while the cross-section of the sample remains unchanged during processing. In order to clarify the effectiveness of ECAP on preparing anisotropic permanent magnets, the microstructure and magnetic properties of a melt-spun Nd 13.5 Fe 73.8 Co 6.7 B 5.6 Ga 0.4 alloy processed at 773 K for 300 s by ECAP were investigated. Macrotexture analysis carried out for the exit channel of ECAP shows that the basal plane of the tetragonal Nd 2 Fe 14 B crystal aligns parallel to the shear band, i.e., the c-axis texture formation normal to the shear band induced by the ECAP process. Due to this texture formation, the technical magnetization behaviour becomes anisotropic, and the remanent magnetization is clearly enhanced along the direction perpendicular to the shear band. This anisotropic microstructure is realized at a relatively low processing temperature of 773 K, well below the melting point of the Nd-rich intergranular phase. As a consequence of this lower processing temperature, the nanostructure of the melt-spun alloy remains approximately 20 to 30 nm, considerably smaller than the typical grain size obtained after conventional die-upsetting. Our study demonstrates that equal-channel angular pressing has a potential for realising anisotropic nanostructured magnets.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    Seasonal variations in crustal seismicity in San‐in district, southwest Japan (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that seismicity is seasonally modulated in a variety of tectonic environments. Identifying cyclic variations in seismicity improves our understanding of the physics of earthquake triggering. We explored seasonal modulation of crustal seismicity in San‐in district, southwest Japan, using a new method that adopts uncertainties derived from a probability‐based declustering procedure. We determined that semiannual variation in background seismicity rate, which increases in spring and autumn, is statistically significant from 1980 through 2017. The frequency distribution of large historic and modern earthquakes shows a similar pattern to recent background seismicity, suggesting that seismicity in San‐in district has shown seasonal variations for over 150 years. These observations can be explained by increasing pore pressure within fault zones, caused by precipitation in autumn and decreasing surface mass due to snow melting in spring.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Syntheses and Electrical Properties of Hexagonal Phase Group VI Metal Silicide Powders, Sintered Compacts and Bulk Crystals (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: MoSi 2 and WSi 2 layers were grown on Mo and W substrates using the molten salt method. In addition, the Mo- and W-silicide compacts with the addition of Ti were also synthesized using Mo and W powders as the source materials, respectively, then the structural and electrical properties of the silicides were investigated. It was found that Si atoms penetrate into the compacts during the molten salt process. Moreover, nano-sized h-MoSi 2 and h-WSi 2 with the addition of Ti were formed in the compacts. The electrical conductivity of the compact comprised of Mo(Ti)Si 2 showed almost no temperature dependence. On the other hand, for the compact comprised of W(Ti)Si 2 , the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity showed a semiconducting property with an activation energy of about 0.18 eV.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Effect of Na Addition on Electric Properties of Ca 2 Si Sintered Compacts (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Ca 2 Si powders have been synthesized by the thermal treatment of Mg 2 Si with NaI or Na 2 CO 3 under Ca vapors, then sintered into compacts by sparking plasma sintering (SPS) technique. As a comparison, the compact was also sintered using Ca 2 Si with NaI powders by the SPS technique. The effect of Na addition on the structural, transport and thermoelectric properties of the Ca 2 Si compacts has been examined. All the samples show a p-type behavior in the measured temperature range. The Ca 2 Si with Na 2 CO 3 by vapor phase growth shows a higher carrier concentration of 1.28×10 18 cm −3 conductivity about 10 times higher than Ca 2 Si, and a power factor about 5 times higher than Ca 2 Si from 350K to 570K.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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