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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-02-16
    Description: Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genome-wide association studies based largely on common alleles have identified over 100 schizophrenia risk loci, but it is also evident from studies of copy number variants (CNVs) and from exome-sequencing studies that rare alleles are also involved. Full characterization of the contribution of rare alleles to the disorder awaits the deployment of sequencing technology in very large sample sizes, meanwhile, as an interim measure, exome arrays allow rare non-synonymous variants to be sampled at a fraction of the cost. In an analysis of exome array data from 13 688 individuals (5585 cases and 8103 controls) from the UK, we found that rare (minor allele frequency 〈 0.1%) variant association signal was enriched among genes that map to autosomal loci that are genome-wide significant (GWS) in common variant studies of schizophrenia genome-wide association study ( P GWAS = 0.01) as well as gene sets known to be enriched for rare variants in sequencing studies ( P RARE = 0.026). We also identified the gene-wise equivalent of GWS support for WDR88 (WD repeat-containing protein 88), a gene of unknown function ( P = 6.5 x 10 –7 ). Rare alleles represented on exome chip arrays contribute to the genetic architecture of schizophrenia, but as is the case for GWAS, very large studies are required to reveal additional susceptibility alleles for the disorder.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanza, R P -- Arrow, K J -- Axelrod, J -- Baltimore, D -- Benacerraf, B -- Bloch, K E -- Bloembergen, N -- Brown, H C -- Brown, M S -- Cibelli, J B -- Cohen, S -- Cooper, L N -- Corey, E J -- Dulbecco, R -- Fischer, E H -- Fitch, V L -- Friedmen, M -- Friedman, M -- Furchgott, R F -- Gell-Mann, M -- Glaser, D A -- Glashow, S L -- Gilbert, W -- Goldstein, J L -- Wilson, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1849-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; Biomedical Research ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Politics ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Risk Assessment ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1310-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA. jgolds@mednet.swmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Cholesterol/blood/*metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*genetics/*metabolism ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, LDL/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: Animal cells exert exquisite control over the physical and chemical properties of their membranes, but the mechanisms are obscure. We show that phosphatidylethanolamine, the major phospholipid in Drosophila, controls the release of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) from Drosophila cell membranes, exerting feedback control on the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids. The finding that SREBP processing is controlled by different lipids in mammals and flies (sterols and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively) suggests that an essential function of SREBP is to monitor cell membrane composition and to adjust lipid synthesis accordingly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dobrosotskaya, I Y -- Seegmiller, A C -- Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- Rawson, R B -- GM 08014/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):879-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Ceramides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids/biosynthesis ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Silencing ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Lipids/*biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Palmitates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylcholines/biosynthesis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA, Untranslated/pharmacology ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: The current studies were designed to determine whether chronic overexpression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in the liver would protect mice from the increase in plasma LDL-cholesterol that is induced by high-fat diets. A line of transgenic mice was studied that express the human LDL receptor gene in the liver under control of the transferrin promoter. When fed a diet containing cholesterol, saturated fat, and bile acids for 3 weeks, the transgenic mice, in contrast to normal mice, did not develop a detectable increase in plasma LDL. The current data indicate that unregulated overexpression of LDL receptors can protect against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yokode, M -- Hammer, R E -- Ishibashi, S -- Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1273-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2244210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Cholesterol, LDL/*blood ; Dietary Fats/*adverse effects ; Exons ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/etiology/*prevention & control ; Introns ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, IDL ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics ; Transferrin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: Identifying the genetic variants that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans has been a formidable challenge. Adopting a genome-wide association strategy, we genotyped 1161 Finnish T2D cases and 1174 Finnish normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) controls with 〉315,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed genotypes for an additional 〉2 million autosomal SNPs. We carried out association analysis with these SNPs to identify genetic variants that predispose to T2D, compared our T2D association results with the results of two similar studies, and genotyped 80 SNPs in an additional 1215 Finnish T2D cases and 1258 Finnish NGT controls. We identify T2D-associated variants in an intergenic region of chromosome 11p12, contribute to the identification of T2D-associated variants near the genes IGF2BP2 and CDKAL1 and the region of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and confirm that variants near TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, FTO, PPARG, and KCNJ11 are associated with T2D risk. This brings the number of T2D loci now confidently identified to at least 10.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214617/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3214617/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Laura J -- Mohlke, Karen L -- Bonnycastle, Lori L -- Willer, Cristen J -- Li, Yun -- Duren, William L -- Erdos, Michael R -- Stringham, Heather M -- Chines, Peter S -- Jackson, Anne U -- Prokunina-Olsson, Ludmila -- Ding, Chia-Jen -- Swift, Amy J -- Narisu, Narisu -- Hu, Tianle -- Pruim, Randall -- Xiao, Rui -- Li, Xiao-Yi -- Conneely, Karen N -- Riebow, Nancy L -- Sprau, Andrew G -- Tong, Maurine -- White, Peggy P -- Hetrick, Kurt N -- Barnhart, Michael W -- Bark, Craig W -- Goldstein, Janet L -- Watkins, Lee -- Xiang, Fang -- Saramies, Jouko -- Buchanan, Thomas A -- Watanabe, Richard M -- Valle, Timo T -- Kinnunen, Leena -- Abecasis, Goncalo R -- Pugh, Elizabeth W -- Doheny, Kimberly F -- Bergman, Richard N -- Tuomilehto, Jaakko -- Collins, Francis S -- Boehnke, Michael -- 1 Z01 HG000024/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- DK062370/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK072193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HG002651/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL084729/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01 HG065403/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HG-65403/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK029867/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK062370/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK062370-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072193-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002651/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002651-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084729/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084729-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 DA021519/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- U54 DA021519-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 HG000024-13/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1341-5. Epub 2007 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Female ; Finland ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/genetics ; Introns ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldstein, Joseph L -- Brown, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1033-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1231699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA. joe.goldstein@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*history/trends ; Education, Medical/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*history ; *Nobel Prize ; Translational Medical Research/history/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: The low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates cholesterol homeostasis through endocytosis of lipoproteins. It discharges its ligand in the endosome at pH 〈 6. In the crystal structure at pH = 5.3, the ligand-binding domain (modules R2 to R7) folds back as an arc over the epidermal growth factor precursor homology domain (the modules A, B, beta propeller, and C). The modules R4 and R5, which are critical for lipoprotein binding, associate with the beta propeller via their calcium-binding loop. We propose a mechanism for lipoprotein release in the endosome whereby the beta propeller functions as an alternate substrate for the ligand-binding domain, binding in a calcium-dependent way and promoting lipoprotein release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rudenko, Gabby -- Henry, Lisa -- Henderson, Keith -- Ichtchenko, Konstantin -- Brown, Michael S -- Goldstein, Joseph L -- Deisenhofer, Johann -- HL20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2353-8. Epub 2002 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Y4-206, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Precursors/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, LDL/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-06-25
    Description: Oncogenic Ras proteins transform animal cells to a malignant phenotype only when modified by farnesyl residues attached to cysteines near their carboxyl termini. The farnesyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction recognizes tetrapeptides of the sequence CAAX, where C is cysteine, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is a carboxyl-terminal methionine or serine. Replacement of the two aliphatic residues with a benzodiazepine-based mimic of a peptide turn generated potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase [50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) 〈 1 nM]. Unlike tetrapeptides, the benzodiazepine peptidomimetics enter cells and block attachment of farnesyl to Ras, nuclear lamins, and several other proteins. At micromolar concentrations, these inhibitors restored a normal growth pattern to Ras-transformed cells. The benzodiazepine peptidomimetics may be useful in the design of treatments for tumors in which oncogenic Ras proteins contribute to abnormal growth, such as that of the colon, lung, and pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, G L -- Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- Rawson, T E -- Somers, T C -- McDowell, R S -- Crowley, C W -- Lucas, B K -- Levinson, A D -- Marsters, J C Jr -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 25;260(5116):1937-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/chemistry/*pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Drug Design ; Farnesyltranstransferase ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Prenylation/*drug effects ; Transferases/*antagonists & inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):629.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Cholesterol/blood ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronary Artery Disease/*drug therapy/etiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypolipidemic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology/*prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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