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  • Species  (292)
  • Fisheries  (193)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute  (442)
  • 1
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    Chrysiptera unimaculata Cuvier, 1830 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21041 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 05:58:40 | 21041 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Chrysiptera unimaculata, an algivorous species also living on the coral reef flat and being territorial but not considered as a strict farmer in this location. Maximum length is 8 cm in Persian Gulf. It is living in close association with macrophytes. Adults are found solitarily or in small groups among coastal algal reefs, rubble or over open beach-rock of reef flats exposed to moderate surge and feeds mainly on benthic algae. C. unimaculata is oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding. Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate. Males guard and aerate the eggs.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Chrysiptera unimaculata
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  • 2
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    Torpedo sinuspersici  Olfers, 1831 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21038 | 17408 | 2017-05-09 10:38:24 | 21038 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Electric rays, thought to be the most primitive of the skates and rays, have stout tails but have rather expansive disc. This group is distinguished by the presence of powerful electric organs, derived from branchial muscles in head region. Torpedo sinuspersici found inshore in sandy bottoms, and well offshore from the surf zone down to 200 m. Also on or near coral reefs (like Kish Island in Persian Gulf). Common in shallow sandy areas. Occasionally hooked by anglers, more often seen by divers; can deliver a strong shock. Flesh is edible. T. sinuspersici can survive for hours after being stranded on the beach. Little is known of the life history of the Gulf torpedo. It is a sluggish predator of bony fishes. At night it actively hunts for food, sculling slowly through the water about a meter above the bottom; during the day it usually rests on the bottom and opportunistically ambushes unwary prey. It uses its broad pectoral fins to envelop the target fish before delivering an electric shock to stun it. Usually solitary, they may form groups during the mating season. Reproduction is a placental viviparous, with the developing embryos initially surviving on their yolk sacs, and then on enriched uterine fluid produced by the mother. Litters of 9-22 young are birthed in the summer. Newborns measure about 10 cm wide; males mature at a disc width of 39 cm and females at 45 cm.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Torpedo sinuspersici
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  • 3
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    Boloceroides spp. (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21044 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 06:00:37 | 21044 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Boloceroides spp. are looking like an untidy mop, this anemone is sometimes seen in sea grass areas on many of our shores. It is possibly seasonal. Sometimes, large numbers are seen (up to 10-20 animals in a trip) and then none at all.  Tiny swimming anemones may sometimes be confused with Sea grass anemones which have translucent tentacles with tiny spots. The swimming anemone harbors symbiotic single-celled algae (zooxanthellae). The algae undergo photosynthesis to produce food from sunlight. The food produced is shared with the sea anemone, which in return provides the algae with shelter and minerals. The oral disk and tentacle muscles are used to obtain, retain, and ingest prey; in Boloceroides spp. tentacles can autotomize if it is needed to evade a predator. Tentacles can control body form by use of their endodermal muscles. Retractors are longitudinal muscles that will aid in withdrawing tentacles and the oral disk if they are exposed to the open air.  This hypothesis is furthered because in comparison to other sea anemones, Boloceroides is loosely attached to its respective substrate, thus allowing the pedal disk to detach quickly resulting in a rapid swimming response. Boloceroides can reproduce both sexually and asexually. As Anthozoans, Boloceroides produce sexually by bypassing the medusa life cycle stage; this allows Boloceroides (and all Anthozoans) to release their egg and sperm creating planula a bilaterally symmetrical, flattened, ciliated, motile larva.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Boloceroides
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  • 4
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    Koumansetta hectori  Smith, 1957 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21042 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 03:56:54 | 21042 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Many aquarists know this fish as Ambylgobius hectori but accepted name is actually Koumansetta hectori. K. hectori, Hector's goby, is a species of goby native to the Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea), first record from Persian Gulf (Kish Island, Iran) to the islands of Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. It can be found on sheltered coral reefs at depths of from 3 to 30 meters (though usually between 5 to 20 meters). This species reaches a length of 8.5 centimeters (3.3 in) SL. This attractive little fish measures only 2” at maturity and spends its time hovering over rocks and substrates out in the open water column. Known for their bold yellow stripes, peaceful disposition, the diminutive Hector’s Goby is a nano reef favorite. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Koumansetta hectori
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  • 5
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    Pempheris vanicolensis (Cuvier, 1831) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21051 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 03:54:11 | 21051 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Pempheris vanicolensis has reported for the first time from Persian Gulf (Kish Island). Various aspects of the biology of P. vanicolensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, a recent Lessepsian (Suez Canal) immigrant into the Mediterranean, are given. Red Sea and Mediterranean populations were compared, and the results indicate that the spawning season is shortened in the Mediterranean, continuing from April to September, as opposed to year-round in the Red Sea. Descriptions of a ripe ovary and post-larva from the Mediterranean are given. Individuals reach a mean size of 10.8 cm in their first year, and 14.4 cm in the second year. Little change has occurred in the diet of the immigrant population, and both populations feed nocturnally, chiefly on larval and adult stages of planktonic crustaceans. Direct underwater observations on the diurnal behavior of the species show that the fish leave their daytime cave shelter at sunset, congregate at a nearby site and then migrate inshore and disperse into small groups to feed. Before dawn, they reassemble at the cave's entrance, and finally enter it at sunrise, after the school has built up. Observations on Persian Gulf sweepers show that the fish are segregated into size groups, ranging 15–18 cm adults at depths of 3 m.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Pempheris vanicolensis
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  • 6
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    Population genetic structure of silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in Iran and Kuwait waters by using10 Microsatellite Markers (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25257 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:57:02 | 25257 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, is distributed in Indo-western pacific ocean, especially in Persian Gulf and Oman sea, and although is widely commercially exploited, the genetics structure of this species is not clear completely. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of Pampus argentus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were investigated using microsatellite DNA markers. Genomic DNA from 125 specimens was extracted and PCR amplification performed. Seven loci with reasonable polymorphism were amplified. The results showed that average of observed heterozygosity was ranged from 0.54 while expected heterozygosity was 0.67. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) test, some loci were found to be significantly deviated from HWE in some populations in which deficiency of heterozygotes was apparent. Population differentiation observed among all populations (P〈0.01). The population differentiation (Fst) value between Kuwait and bushehr was the highest and significant (0.087) and between Chabahar and Bushehr (0.021) was the lowest and significant. Genetic distance analysis showed that the largest distance (0.269) was between Khuzestan and Chabahar and the smallest distance (0.075) was between Bushehr and Chabahar. The reported results could be of interest for management and conservation programmes of this species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Kuwait waters ; Bushehr Province ; Khuzestan province ; Chabahar ; Population ; Genetic ; Structure ; Silver pomfret ; Pampus argenteus ; Microsatellite markers ; Species ; Diversity ; DNA ; PCR ; Heterozygosity ; Equilibrium
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  • 7
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    An investigation of some biological aspects of three species: tiger toothed croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan and black pomfret, Parastromateus niger in the Oman Sea for optimizing fishing season (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25105 | 18721 | 2018-08-23 05:49:02 | 25105 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: During the years 1382-83, some biological aspects of three species Tiger-toothed Croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan, Black Pomfret, Parastromateus niger, have been investigated in the Oman Sea along Sistan-O-Baluchistan province. Based on the frequency of developed maturity stages (IV, V), a prologed spawning activity extending from August to March was determined for O.ruber, and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) suggests two peaks:the minor one in October and the major one in March-April. Comparison of Hepatosomatic Index (HI) and Condition factor (Kn) with the peak spawning indicated a reverse relationship. According to length at first maturity (Lm50%= 40cm) and exploitation of fish at length 42cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 100mm. On analysis of stomach food item, fish group dominated (80%), which of them Anchovy accounted for 40% of the total frequency. Comparison of mean length between the years 1374-75 and 1382-83 showed 4cm in decrees. Population dynamics parameters were determined through length based modals and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E=0.6, suggesting high level exploitation. The usal streched mesh size of nets(constructed from multifilament webbing) for capturing O.ruber were less than the proposed optimum mesh size of nets, indicating 78% of the total landings were smaller than Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 have increased up to 15% when compared to those of the year 1376. Despite the decrease of total efforts (Panel.day) by 37%, the mean value CPUE has increased up to 82%. Regarding Pomadasys kaakan species, a year-round spawning activity has been observed, with two peaks: A major one in April and an aminor one in September. As those of O.ruber species, there was an inverse relationship between HI and Kn with the peak spawning activity. Based on the length at first maturity (Lm50% = 44cm) and capturing fish of the length at 46cm and above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 149.6mm. According to analysis of stomach contents, fish group accounted for 35% of the groups studied, which of them , Largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus linnaeus, constituted 52% of the total frequency. In addition to estimation of population dynamics, the exploitation rate was estimated to be E= 0.49. Majority of the species catch was made by mesh size of nets used for O.ruber of which 133mm mesh size accounted for the level (30%). Information on length distribution showed that 60% of the total fish landed was below Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 decreased to 10% in comparison to 1376.Total fishing efforts and CPUE also decreased to 33% and 24% respectively. For parastromateus Niger, There was a long period spawning activity from March to December, with two peaks: A major one in August and a minor one in March. According to Lm50% (39cm) and catching of fish 39cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated as 167.7mm. Based on stomach contents, ring-shaped worms and larval shrimp equally made 29% of the total frequency showing the highest contribution. Comparison of mean length indicated 3cm in decrease in 1382-83 when compared to 1374-75. Population dynamics parameters were estimated and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E = 0.54. The usual stretched mesh size of nets for P. niger was 146mm and 81% of the total fish landed were smaller than Lm50%.In 1381,total catch of the species increased four and a half-fold in comparison to 1376, while total efforts decreased up to 28% and CPUE increased two and a half-fold.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Investigation ; Biological ; Tiger toothed Croaker ; Otolithes ruber ; Javelin grunter ; Pomadasys kaakan ; Black pomfret ; Parastromateus niger ; Season ; Fishing
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  • 8
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    Survey on parasitic infections of Barbus spp. from south-west of Iran (Khouzestan Province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25108 | 18721 | 2018-08-24 06:17:44 | 25108 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A survey on parasitic infections on Barboid fishes of South- west of Iran (Khouzestan province) were done during Spring 2002 to Autumn 2004. Altogether 296 specimens from 5 different fish species were examined. The fishes were collected from five stations of Karoun River (Ahwaz-Goulestan, Molasani, Dez Dam), Karkheh River (Hamidia Dam) and Shadgan Lagoon. The fishes transported alive to the laboratory where they measured and weighted. Then they were killed by cutting the spinal cord. According to the results of this study 22 different parasites were revealed, 15 of then detected to the species level and 7 of them to the genus level. The metazoans are as follows: The monogenea, are Dactylogyrus onchoratus, D.persicus. Two digeneans: Diplostomum spathaceum, Asymphilodora sp. Five nematods: Rhabdochona denudata, Philometra karuensis, Philometra sp., Psudocapilaria tomentosa Contracecum larvae sp. and only one acanthocephalus, Neoechinorhynchus. Three protozoans are: Ichtyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Goussia sp., Balantidium sp. And Myxozoans: Myxobolus persicus M. karuni M. nodulointestinalis, M iranicus, M.mesopotamia, M. pfief eri, Myxobolus sp., Myxidium rhodei, Myxidium pfiefferi. Histopathological investigation of some parasites was done as well. Pathologacal potential of M. nodulointestinalis and M. pfiefferi were revealed. According the results of this study three new parasites and eleven new hosts for Iranian freshwater fishes and three new host for three Myzoxoans were introduced.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Barbus fishes ; Parasites ; Protozoa ; Metazoa ; Dactylogyrus onchoratus ; Rhabdochona denudata ; Philometra karuensis ; Species ; Fish
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  • 9
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    Identification of native fishes of western Azarbaijan province - phase 1: northern water source (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25116 | 18721 | 2018-08-24 06:19:54 | 25116 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this research was to identify fish species distributed in the water resources located at West- Azarbaijan province. Sampling was done seasonally, from 14 sampling sites in main branches of different rivers including Aras, Zangmar, and Ghator. Fish samples caught with different tools, fixed in 10 % formalin, and finally transferred to the laboratory for biological investigations. The identified fish were 25 species belonging to 8 fish family comprising of Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, percidae, poecilliidae, Gobiidae, Salmonidae. Among them, cyprinidae family had the highest percentage of diversity. There were 2 species from Balitoridae and 1 species from the rest of other family.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Western Azarbaijan province ; Identification ; Native fishes ; Water
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  • 10
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    Study on propagation and breeding of Hamoun fish (shizothoraxzarudnyi) to one gram weight in earthen pond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25322 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:50:04 | 25322 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 (the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps. Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluchestan province ; Chahnimeh reservoirs ; Chahbahar ; Hamoun fish ; Schizothorax zarudnyi ; Breeding ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; Female ; Eggs ; Hormontrapy ; Sperm ; Ovulation ; Larvae ; Fisheries ; Earthen ponds
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  • 11
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    Efficiency of shrimp trawl nets polyamide and polyethylene with standard mesh in the coastal waters of Bushehr Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25346 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:15:47 | 25346 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out in August – september 2009 in Bushehr province waters. Two different shrimp bottom trawls were used in which were woven by Poly Amid and Poly Ethylene with mesh sizes (stretched) of 50 mm and sack with 35 mm. Also 2 different vessels of two dhows and one steel ship each with 26 and 30 hauls were used and taken in to comparison from point of obtained results. Total catch of PA and PE trawels were 4592 and 5535 kg of which the ratio of shrimp catch and by catch for PA trawl was 32.4 and 67.6 % respectively; and for PE trawl was 34.2 and 65.8%. Total catch of PA and PE trawls of steel trawler ( ship ) were estimated 3158.0 and 4784.7 kg, respectively, of which the shrimp/ bycatch ratio was 6.6 : 93.4%. There was a higher amount of bycatch for PE comparing to PA trawl (p〈0.05). on the other hand the decrease of shrimp and bycatch for PA comparing to PE dhow trawlers were 21.3 and 15.0% and for ship were 34.6 and 34.0% respectively. The weight ratio is 1:15 i.e . in PE ship trawl, in proportion to on kg shrimp, 15 kg bycatch was harvested. it is proposed to standardize the mesh size and also to do obligtory the instal of squared mesh size panel .
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Bushehr Province ; Shrimp ; Poly Amid ; Poly Ethylene ; Weight ratio ; Mesh size ; Obligtory ; Trawling
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  • 12
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    Rearing of Indian craps fries to 1g weight in earthen ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25351 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:58:15 | 25351 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan) and Sheiban Resaerch center (Khozestan), In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also. The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories. fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings.Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specialy in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for futhre studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Guilan Province ; Astaneh ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings ; Artificial food ; Oxygen level ; Turbidity ; Fertilizers
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  • 13
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    Development and storage stability of fish strudel (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25360 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:17:12 | 25360 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Awareness of health and nutrition of fish has led the food industry to development of fishery-based ready-to-eat products. In this study seven filling materials based on 60-70 - 80% fish mince from 7 local fish species ‘i.e.’ Talang Queen fish (Scomberoides commersonnianus), oriental sole (Brachirus orientalis), Barred sickle fish (Drepane longimana), Big eye Croaker (Pennahia anea), Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicas), javelin grunter (pomadasys kaakan) and Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were formulated and applied for developing fish strudels. A 9-point hedonic scale ranging from 1 (extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely like) was used for screening the acceptance of the prototypes. A 3-component D-optimal Mixture Design was also applied to optimize the fish strudel formulation. Preliminary experiments were done to identify the high-impact ingredients, which had a high effect on the sensory quality when their levels (%) were changed. The results indicated that fish strudel containing 60% Talang Queen fish (Scomberoides commersonnianus) mince in the filling materials had significantly higher liking in odor, flavor, and overall acceptability than the other prototypes. So it was selected for quality changes study. Product's characteristics and stability were studied during 6-month storage at -18 °C. The fish strudel packed in a polyethylene sealed bag was stable during the storage period. The peroxide and TVBN values remained low. The results in this paper provide important information for companies planning to develop convenience food from low value fish. Furthermore, development of strudel filled with fish mince/ flesh could be an effective way to enhance nutritional and functional value of such products. The products could be used as a nutritious snack especially for kids which could be a means of increasing fish consumption.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Low value fish ; Fish strudel ; Fish mince ; Acceptance test ; Quality changes ; Scomberoides commersonnianus ; Talang Queen fish ; Pennahia anea ; Rastrelliger kanagurta ; Nemipterus japonicas
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  • 14
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    Feasibility study on semiintensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Guilan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25352 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 06:57:48 | 25352 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 15000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (200 ) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station , In order to assess the viability of rearing under the climatic condition of north part of Iran and also achieve some growth parameters from the larval stage to market size.The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 12 ponds. Specimens were separated to tree experimental categories: 1= (30%indian carp and 70% chinees carp) , 2= (50%indian carp and 50% chinees carp) , 3= (70%indian carp and 30% chinees carp) .single chinees carp production were used as control . fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured. Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Also the average weight of growing phase (second year of production ) was 647g for Labeo Rohita ,420 g. for Cirhinus merigala and 734g for Catla catla. The special growth rate (SGR)in Roho was 4.51 %.and 3.9 % for merigal and6.2 % for Catla while for Chinees carps SGR was 4.9, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.8 for silver carp,grass carp, common carp and big head respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility were remind for futhre studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Guilan Province ; Astaneh ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Polyculture ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Rearing ; Larval stage ; Fry ; Specimens ; Artificial food ; Fertilizers ; pH ; Turbidity ; Temperature
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  • 15
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    The study on possibility of fish soup powder production from different fish species in Sistan O blochestan Province, Chabahar (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25361 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:10:40 | 25361 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish soup powder is produced from three kinds of fish in Chabahar catched in Oman sea white flesh of many low value fish like threadfin bream, perches etc. can be used to prepare instant fish soup powder. This product has a high consumer acceptability in many countries in this research project we used 4 low value fishes with local name of Sarm, Chaman, Aroos and Talal belonging to families Carangidea, Lethrinidea, Drepanidae and Scombroidea. soup powder packed in laminated pouches and the shelf life of it is one year in ambient temperatures. The quality used to be good up to 6 month but after this time the quality decreases gradually. The experiment on fish soup showed that the percentage of protein was 32 percent, fat 11 percent and humidity 12 percent and ash 4 percent. The experiment conducted on fish soup powder was peroxide, total microbial count, organoleptic test for 6 month.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Oman sea ; Sistanblochestan province ; Chabahar ; Fish Soup Powder ; Species ; Fish ; Threadfin bream ; Carangidea ; Lethrinidea ; Drepanidae ; Scombroidea ; Temperature ; Protein ; Microbial count
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  • 16
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    Biomass estimation of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by swept area method (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25383 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:42:31 | 25383 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Regarding to monitor of demersal resources in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, and also biomass and CPUA estimation of them, eleven research cruises were carried out by using R/V Ferdows-1 equipped with bottom trawl, covering the area from 49º 00´ E in the west (borderline with Kuwait) to 61º 25´E in the east (borderline with Pakistan) from 2009 to 2011. The study area was stratified into 17 strata (A to Q) of which 10 strata (A to J) were in the Persian Gulf and 7 strata (K to Q) were in the Oman Sea, covering the depths of 10-50 m in the Persian Gulf and 10-100 m in the Oman Sea. A total of 316 stations were randomly selected and the biomass and CPUA were estimated by swept area method. In 2009, due to the bloom of jellyfish, there was some problem for sampling and therefore made some bias in our estimation. Therefore, the biomass of jellyfish was excluded from all calculations. The comparison between two regions indicated that the percentage of density of demersal fishes in the Persian Gulf during years 2009, 2010 and 2011 were 1.5, 3.7 and 1.7 times more than the Oman Sea and totally 60-80% of total biomass was found for the Persian Gulf. Also a comparison among 17 strata the highest biomass was found for K region (Sirik to Jask) in the Oman Sea in 2009 & 2011; and C & D regions (Genaveh to Dayyer) in 2010 in the Persian Gulf. The same comparison was done for CPUA of commercial, non-commercial and total in both water bodies and it was found that in years 2009 and 2011 the regions of L (Jask to Meidani) and K (Sirik to Jask) in the Oman ; and 2010 the G region (Mogham to Farour) in the Persian Gulf had the highest value of this parameter. It can be concluded that the north-west of the Oman Sea has the best condition of biomass and CPUA of commercial and non-commercial demersal fishes; and on the contrary the low values were estimated for A region (north-west of the Persian Gulf) and P region (Konarak to Ramin) in the Oman Sea. With review the mean CPUA in defferent depth layers for years 2009, 2010 and 2011, it was concluded that with increasing the depth, the mean CPUA is decreased and the lowest CPUA belongs to depths of 50-100 m. The comparison between commercial and non-commercial groups in both ecosystems, it concluded that the density of commercial species were higher than non-commercial ones; and for years 2009, 2010 and 2011 the commercial species consist of 52.2, 57.1 and 59.7 % of total biomass. In all years the Persian Gulf indicated higher values than the Oman Sea. The most abundant fishes were Rays, Catfishes, Grunts, Japanese threadfin bream, Carangids, Hair tail, Barracuda and Lizardfish for both Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Sirik ; Jask ; Bandar Genaveh ; Commercial fishes ; Non-commercial fishes ; Biomass ; Catch per unit of area ; CPUA ; Sampling ; Density ; Species ; Catfishes ; Grunts ; Japanese threadfin bream ; Carangids ; Hair tail ; Barracuda ; Lizardfish
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  • 17
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    Recognition of fishes in rivers and basin of Qom (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25143 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:50:02 | 25143 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out on rivers, basins & qanat of Qom region during the 1376-1378and Fish samples were taken from 2 permanent rivers (Qomrood ,Ghara_chag)& from some seasonal ones (Tagharood, Zavarian, Vesva, Biraghan). Also local fishes was followed in 100 qanats in the region and Random fish sampling was done in permanent river extension out of province. This study aimed to recognize different fish species in the province water reservoir and estimating the fisheries potential in the province. For fish sampling nets such as mashk, salik, hook and hand tailored were used. Electroshoker was not used at all. Results of fish recognition showed that fish samples belong to 12 species & 4 family of "cyprinidae", "Balitoridae", "cyprinodontidae" and "poecilidae".The qanat fishes of the montain (kahak, Khagestan) and pastora area (Ghanavat,jafarabad) included by two families of "cyprinid", "Balitoridea".In some qanat which were connected to rivers more species of fish and anotherAquatic animal were observed & sampled.At the and map of geographical distribution of local fishes was planned.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Qom province ; Qomrood ; Ghara_chag ; Tagharood ; Fish ; Samples ; Species ; Fisheries ; Electroshoker ; Cyprinidae ; Balitoridae ; Cyprinodontidae ; Poecilidae ; Aquatic ; Recognation
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  • 18
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    Shrimp culture, Litopenaeus vannamei in the closed recirculation system (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25400 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:09:36 | 25400 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project carried out at Shrimp Research station of Bandargah in 2011 to determine the production parameters such as; Average body weight, production, survival and feed conversion ratio in closed- recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture. This project was performed in 4 m3 fiberglass tanks. 3 tanks was chosen for the control and 3 were assigned to treatments. Considered Species in this treatment was white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that with a density of 60 pieces per square meter, and was reared for 90 days. Culture in control as usual and change water regularly, but the treatments did not change water during the period of culture. Water in the treatment tanks was going to turn the filter system and waste was removed by mechanical and coal filter embedded in the route, and after filtering was transferred to the wastewater tank. Wastewater was aerated in this tank and after 24 hours was pumped out and return to treatments tanks. In the final of project, mean weight, survival rate and production for control and treatment, was respectively, 18.27 ± 2.84 and 20.70 ± 1.47 g, 73.83 ± 4.14 and 77.17± 13.66 percent, and 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.97 ± 0.23 kg/m^2. Statistical analysis results show that there are no significant differences found between treatments and control (P〉 0.05), although in all the above criteria, the relative improvement was achieved to compared of control. But the results of feed conversion ratio was 1.27 ± 0.16 for treatments that are significantly different (P 〈0.05) with controls (1.56 ± 0.23). This result showed that efficiency of the food was better in closed- recirculating shrimp culture system.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bandargah ; Shrimp ; Culture ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Weight ; Survival rate ; Species ; Feeding
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  • 19
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    Survey on parasitic infections in the endemic fishes from north of the west- Azarbaigan (Aras, Zangbar and Ghotor Rivers) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25145 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:53:20 | 25145 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A survey on Parasitic infections on endemic fishes of North of west Azarbaijan province were done during July 2001 Oct 2002. Altogether 267 specimens from 11 different fish species were examined. The fishes were collected from seven stations of Aras, Zangbar and Ghotor Rivers. The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory where they were meaursed and weighted. Then they were killed by cutting the spinal cord.. According to the results of this study 28 different parasites were revealed, 23 of them were detected to the species level and 5 of them to the genus level. The metazoans are as follows: The monogeneans, are Dactylogyrus extensus , D. chramuli, D. lenkorani, D. kendalanicus, Silurodiscoides siluri, Diplozoon megan and Gyrodoctilus sp. Two digeneans :Diplostomum spathaceum , Allocreadium ispoporum. Three Cestods: Ligula intestinalis, Digrama sp. and Caryophylleous laticeps. Two nematods: Rhabdochona hellichi, Eustrongylides excisus and only one acanthocephalus, Neoechinorhynchus rutili . The Protozoans are: Ichtyophthirius multifilis, Trichodina perforata, Chilodonella sp., Amphileptus branchiarum, Apiosoma sp/. Vorticella sp/. Myxobolus musayevi, M. cristatus. And two protozans from freshwater fishes: Stylonchia pustulata. and Arcella vulgaris. According the results of this study five new parasites and six new hosts for Iranian. Freshwater fishes were introduced. Diplozoon megan from: Abramis brama, Carassius carassius, Capoeta capoeta, Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus rutilus and Alburnoides bipunctatus. Trichodina perforata from Lucioperca lucioperca, Capoeta capoeta, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Barbus capito and Silurus glanis. Myxobolus cristatus, Tetrahymena pyriformis and Amphileptus branchiarum from Capoeta capoeta. Finally , Stylonchia pustulata and Arcella vulgaris for the first time were recoreded from freshwaters of Iran.
    Keywords: Health ; Iran ; West Azerbaijan province ; Aras River ; Zangbar ; Ghotor River ; Survey ; Specimens ; Species ; Genus ; Parasite ; Dactylogyrus extensus ; D. chramuli ; D. lenkorani ; D. kendalanicus ; Silurodiscoides siluri ; Diplozoon megan ; Gyrodoctilus sp. ; Allocreadium ispoporum ; Digrama sp. ; Rhabdochona hellichi ; Eustrongylides excisus
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  • 20
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    Potential estimation and exploitation of large pelagics in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25137 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:54:02 | 25137 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters of yellowfin tuna, skipjack and longtail tuna in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Occurrence of empty stomach was high in all the specimens obtained from the gill net fisheries. Purple back flying squid was the most dominant prey species observed in the yellowfin tuna study (61% in males and 57% in females). The length of maturity (Lm50%) for yellowfin tuna was estimated 76 cm, 62.5 cm skipjack and 62.5 cm longtail tuna. Length range of skipjack was from 31-100 cm and bony fishes were the most dominant prey species observed in the skipjack. The monthly gonad somatic index was driven higher values after June which could be indicated as spawning period. The catch per unit of effort of three purse seiners (Azadegan 1, 2, 3) was compared in 1998- 2000. The species composition was 47% yellowfin tuna, 51% long tail tuna and 2% skipjack.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Pelagics ; Biological characteristics ; Population ; Yellowfin tuna ; Skipjack ; Longtail tuna ; Specimens ; Gill Net ; Fisheries ; Purple back flying squid ; Species ; Maturity ; Length ; Gonad Somatic Index ; Spawning ; Estimation ; Potential
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  • 21
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    Surveying the biology of Capoeta capoeta gracilis and it s distribution, the goal aquaculturize the species (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25150 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 16:58:21 | 25150 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This Research has been done monthly in Sefidroud River and its tributaries from Agust 2003 to July 2004. From the total number of 2027 specimens of caught fish, 800 and 629 were males and females respectively, and 598 specimens were undistinguished. Samples were caught by cast nets. Fork length range of all specimen was 33-255 mm (119.56 ±46) and their weight rang was 0.42-257.5 gr (34.4 ±39.06) gr and their age range was 0-5 (1.76 ±0.959) year. The average of relative frequency in C.c.gracilis was 65.1 % . The average of condition factor was 1.07±0.13. Between Fork length and weight of C.c.gracilis. Was exponential relation and coefficient of correlation was estimated 99.11%. Growth cofficient (k) was 0.114 ; L_∞ was estimated 373.5 mm. C.c.g consumed of Chrysophyta phylum more than other Phytoplankton phyla in Sefidroud river and from Bentic point of view, consumed of clay, Filamentous algae detritus, insects, seeds. Absolute fecundity range was 1823-9274 (4553.8 ±2169.1) eggs. Considering the GSI and frequency percent of maturity stages, spawning period of the fish begins from April and peak of spawning is in June and terminates in July.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Sefidroud River ; Survey ; Capoeta capoeta gracilis ; Aquaculturize ; Species ; Specimens ; Males ; Females ; Fish ; Samples ; Weight ; C.c.gracilis ; Growth ; Chrysophyta phylum ; Phytoplankton phyla ; Filamentous algae detritus ; GSI ; Maturity ; Spawning
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  • 22
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    Monitoring of Cochlodinium sp for shrimp farms in Hormozgan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25423 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:10 | 25423 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Blooming due to the some species of phytoplanktons especially Dynoflagellates has made some problems for water ecosystems and aquaculture. In this study, the density of phytoplanktons specially Cochlodinium sp. and also environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved Oxygen, and transparency were recorded two weekly in 18 stations of Hormozgan province, Iran in order to monitoring of the possibility of phytoplankton blooming. During six months monitoring, the target phytoplankton, Cochlodinium sp was not observed in shrimp farms. But, other phytoplanktons and zooplanktons were observed as follow: 13 genus of phytoplankton and six genuses of zooplanktons has found in ponds, main water channel and sea. The diatoms with 10 genuses had the highest abundance and Dynoflagellates with 3 genuses had the lowest abundance and blue-green phytoplankton with one genus was in lowest group. Totally, diatoms with 77%, Dynoflagellate with 15% and blue-green alga with 8% abundance were the main populations of planktons in the studied area.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Hormozgan Province ; Tiab ; Algae Cochlodinium sp ; Shrimp farms ; Species ; Phytoplanktons ; Dynoflagellates ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Zooplanktons ; Blue-green algae
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  • 23
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    Determination of effective parameters on growth and bloom forming of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25436 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:56:01 | 25436 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf. After adaptation in filtered seawater, they isolated by positive phototropism characteristic of this species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinity (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensity (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1) with an initial cell density of 50 cell mL^−1. The results of the present study clearly showed that the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture by using A^2 medium under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under a 11h light:13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Mean cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 60 liter tank for ten days reached to 32 × 10^6 cell L^−1. Moreover, individual C. polykrikoides chain with 18 cells was observed for the first time in cultures. Based on the results from the present study, as mentioned above, providing suitable media culture and physical condition (light intensity and temperature), bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 to 10 and will be continued until day 24 t0 28. In the other hand, C. polykrikoide cells immediately crashed and destroyed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Harmful algal bloom ; Cochlodinium polykrikoides ; Isolation ; Optimum growth ; Environmental parameters ; Phototropism characteristic ; Species ; Density ; C. polykrikoides ; Temperature ; Growth ; Biomass ; Bloom
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  • 24
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    The study on fishing and resource management of bony fisheries within southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25444 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 17:01:05 | 25444 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of the Study on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea was conducted on the base of an agreement made between fisheries organization (Shilat) and the Iranian fishery research organization (IFRO) signed in 2010. In this library-based study the current situation of bony fish fisheries and biology of these species has been surveyed in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea . In this survey internal and external environmental factors of bony fishes activities were considered. Using SWOT analysis method, current situation of fisheries was investigated..One of the most important strategies for conserving anadromous species such as Caspian kutum , common carp, roach, bream and …. is rehabilitation of the natural spawning ground in rivers, coastal lagoon specially Anzali lagoon .By conducting this strategy not only restocks of bony fishes is done ,but also reduced the cost of artificial restocking programs and releasing fingerlings .In short term , it is nessesary to enhance the stocks of the species that have low catch is done by huge releasing of the fingerlings and study the qualification of the program.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali lagoon ; Bony fishes ; Distribution ; Stocks ; Biology ; Fishing ; Species ; Caspian kutum ; Common carp ; Roach ; Bream ; Spawning ; Fingerlings
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  • 25
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    Study on viral nervouse necrosis (isolation, characterisation and pathogenesis) in golden grey mullet in the Caspian Sea and study of pathogenecity and possibility of transmission to the other fish species (Sturgeon fishes, Rutilus frisii kutum and reared Rainbow trout and Carp) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25435 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:47:09 | 25435 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study on Viral Nervouse necrosis (isolation, characterisation and pathogenesis) in Golden grey mullet in the Caspian Sea and study of pathogenecity and possibility of transmission to the other fish species (Sturgeon fishes, Rutilus frisii kutum and reared Rainbow trout and Carp) Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is a worldwide disease affecting several species of cultured marine fish. For the past two decades, betanodavirus infections that cause Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) have emerged as major constraints on the culture and sea ranching of marine fish in almost all parts of the world. More than forty species mainly of marine origin have been so far affected and this number is likely to rise in future following the introduction of new species and the increase of aquaculture trade. Unknown acute mortality occurred in wild golden grey mullet Lisa auratus and Liza saliens in Iranian waters of Caspian Sea in recent years. In order to isolation and confirmation of causative agents of golden grey mullet mortality in the Caspian Sea, a complementary research investigation project was designed in 2005 and approved immediately in Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO). Many diagnostic aspects such as Virology (Cell culture and Elctereone Microscopy), Hemathology, Bacteriology, Histopathology, Molecular biology (NestedRT-PCR), Heavy metals measuerment and Serology (IFAT and IHC) were employed in mentioned multidiciplinary project. About 322 moribund fish samples which revealed skin darkening, erratic swimming behavior such as spiral and belly-up at rest and high distention of swimming bladder. Suspected samples were collected from coastal capture sites in iranian north proviences in 2006 till 2009. Targets tissue such as brain and eye were removed in strile condition and then kept in -80oC frezzer for cell culture and Nested-RT-PCR. Other tissue samples from liver, kidney, intestine, stomach, gill, skin and muscle, gall bladder and gonads were taken and fixed in 10% buffer formalin and same parts fixed in glutaraldehyde 3% for histopathology, IHC and EM respectively. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in those cell cultures just six days after inoculation with the dilutions of the tested 312 homogenate supernatants. CPE in monolayers of cells cultured (SSN-1 cell line) was characterised by thin or rounded, refractile, granular cells with vacuoles. Nine samples were positive in virology assay. Nested- RT-PCR was done on suspected tissue samples and supernatant of CPE positive samples and 21 tissue samples and all CPE positive samples were positive. IFAT was selected as a confirmatory method for identifying viral strains replicating on cell cultures and carried out with rabbit anti-betanodavirus serum on suspected tissue samples and some smears of CPE positive samples. Some bright points approved betanodavirus antigen and confirmed cell culture and Nested-RT-PCR findings. In fixed tissue samples widespread and massive vacuolation were observed in brain, spinal cord, retina and optical nerve. In order to confirmation of diagnostic findings , IHC was done with monoclonal antibody antibetanodavirus and some red-brown points were observed. Theses findings revealed expected viral antigens and confirmed previous results. Moreover, virus particles with 25-30 nm in diameter were visualized in infected brain and retina using positive staining in TEM. Also pathogenicity test was employed to confirm the obtained results. So Guppy fish Poecilia reticulata and sturgeon fry were used instead of the experimental host due to ease of handling and susceptibility. After 15 days post infection, guppy bathed in VNN-infected tissue culture with 104 TCID50 showed clinical signs similar to naturally infected Golden grey mullet, and the mortality rate reached up to 100% in 75 dpi. When target organs were examined by cell culture isolation, serology, and histopathology, all revealed the presence of virus in the Guppy. Suspected supernatant injected to sturgeon fry through intravitreous injection and widespread vacuolation were observed in brain and spinal cord buy IHC and Real time PCR were negative. In conclusion, with attntion to obtained results in this investigation such as ecological factors, clinical signs, histopathological, virological and bacteriological results, molecular analysis, (IHC, IFAT, PCR), TEM demonstration, serological and hematological findings, it could be confirmed that VNNV was the main causative agent for disease outbreak in Golden grey mullet in Southern coastline of Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Viral nervous necrosis ; Golden grey mullet ; Liza aurata ; Liza saliens ; Histopathology ; Virology ; Bacteriology ; IHC ; IFAT ; PCR ; TEM ; Species ; Sturgeon ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Rainbow trout ; Carp
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  • 26
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    Several fish species carp culture with Chinese black carp to increase diversity in warm water fish farms (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25447 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 18:12:04 | 25447 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of black carp introduction in chines carp poly culture as well as its effect on the growth, survival rate and production of chines carp species. This study conducted in two consecutive year. The period of culture in first year was during Jun 1 until Des 5 ,2009 and in second year it was from Jun 4 to Dec, 1,2010 .The experiment were started by selecting 9 earth end pond each with 800 m2 area and was performed in triplicate with 2 treatment and one control , each year .The ponds were treated by liming and fertilizer before filling water and then stocked with 3000 chines carp (140 Silvercarp, 42 Grass carp , 42 Common carp and 25 Bighead carp) while the number of Black carp in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, 250, 500, 75 and 125 pieces in Ha, blackcap was added to the control species respectively . The number of fish species harvested at end of culture in treatment 1, 2 and control .The total fish species harvested at the end of first year was 2276 out 1904 species released. The number of fishes catch in treatment 1,2 and control were 637,658and 573 species. the statistical analysis showed that average weight of black carp were 407±150 gr in treatment 1, 234±121 gr in treatment 2 with the minimum and maximum weight of 242 and 780 gr in first treatment as well as 110 and 750 gr in second treatment the production of black carp in first treatment were 42 kilogram per hectare and 60 kilogram in second treatment. The growth rate were higher in second treatment than first one. In second year the investigation repeated in triplicate with treatment3, 4 and one control. The total stocking density in treatment 3,4 and control were 665,633, and 574 pieces. Statistical analysis showed that total weight of black carp in third treatment was2049 ±614gr and in forth treatment was 2361 ±60 gr where the minimum and maximum values were 3115 gr and 1025 gr respectively. The survival rat of black carp in treatment 3 higher than in were treatment 4 while the growth in treatment 4 was higher treatment 3. The total production of black carp in treatment 3 and 4 were 123 and 181 kilogram per hectare respectively. The ANOVA test conducted for grass carp revealed that treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 3 and control. While for silver carp the treatment 4 is significantly difference with treatment 1 and control while for Big head carp the treatment 4 was significantly difference with control at 5% level (P〈%5). On second year the black carp reached to acceptable market size which could be compatible with other carp such as common carp and grass carp comparative analysis between different stocking density indicate that the stocking density with 125 pieces showed the highest positive effects.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Fish ; Species ; Carp culture ; Chinese black carp ; Diversity ; Warm water ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Silver Carp ; Grass carp ; Common carp ; Bighead carp ; ANOVA
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    The use of modified atmosphere packaging for improvement shelf life of fresh Oncorhynchus mykiss (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25168 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 17:35:37 | 25168 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, influence of modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (whole fish without visceral and without head and tail fish) stored in 4 to 6ºc was examined. Fish stored in MAP condition and control samples, in different time, were tested for spoilage chemical factors (TVN, PV and pH), microbial parameters (total viable count, clostridium botulinum) and sensory factors too. Mixed gases including co2 (30-50%), N2 (40-65%) and o2 (0 to 20%) were used for trout (without head and tail =6 treatments) and (whole fish without visceral and control = 2 treatments) statistical the analysis results showed that examined factors were significant difference during storage (P〈0.001). Mixed gases haven t had inhibitory effect on spoilage factors (chemical and microbial parameters). However spoilage process was delayed. Increasing of chemical and microbial changes in control samples was higher than treatment samples especially TVN. The results also showed that shelf life of control samples stored 4-6ºc were between 6-12 days but in MAP samples were 19 days. Mixed gases including CO2 (40%), N2 (55%) and O2 (5%) were the best formula and the shelf life of fish (without head and tail) was 16 days where it was 19 days in whole fish (Lack of visceral). The results showed that storage of trout in MAP condition facilities storage and increasing of fish shelf life too.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Modified Atmosphere Packaging ; Shelflife ; Rainbow trout ; Samples ; pH ; Microbial parameters ; CO2 ; N2 ; O2
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    Biotechnics of live feed (Chironomidae) culture for using in feeding of cultured aquatics (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25171 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:33 | 25171 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. Light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earth ponds or plastic thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly available in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh area ; Chironomid ; Identification ; Culture ; Collector ; Brackish water ; Chironomidae ; Aquatic ; Larvae ; Blood worm ; Sediments ; Species ; Chironomus aprilinus ; Chironomus aprilinus ; Feed ; Feeding
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    Research on determining of mesh size standard for beach seine fishery cooperatives to boost sustainable bony-fish fishery in southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25169 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 17:43:57 | 25169 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Bony fish stocks are being legally utilized by 134 fishing cooperatives in the Iranian side of the Caspian Sea mainly through beach seine. This fishing method has been invariantly used over the past. Fifty years with actually no alteration or technical modifications in the fishing nets despite the substantial changes in the quality & quantity of bony fish resources. Based on the data obtained from the stock assessment project for bony fish, the amount of premature or young fish (substandard size) caught during the past decade has been far greater than those of authorized fish size and even the figures for certain species suggest heavy over fishing to such an extent that in the case of frisii kutum, there has been a reduction by 50% in the overall kutum landings. Thus in order to modify the technical design of the fishing with a view to alleviate the catch of non-standard fish and whereby prevent over fishing by beach seine, it seems imperative therefore to launch a biometric study on bony fish stocks particularly the two intended fish species namely Rutilus frisii kutum and mullet which would involve identification of their standard weight and length using pertinent mathematical equations as well as determining proper mesh size of the code-end and other parts of the nets & consequently the H. R, d/a coefficients. The operations related to project were carried out in the "Inland Aquaculture Research Institute" net mating plant and beach seine site in Anzali during 2005-7 which aimed at designing and constructing standardized beach seines and comparing the fishing performance & yields with those of ordinary beach seine nets under equal conditions with a ratio of 3:1. The results concerning the quality and quantity of fish caught during a whole fishing cycle were recorded in the related data forms. The statistical analysis consisting the comparison of the quality of fishing performance in both the experimental and control beach seine nets was made using T. student and excel, spss 12 software packages. The results indicated that the reduction in the amount of non-standard fish caught in standardized beach seine net (the experimental net) was meaningfully different from that of the ordinary (control) net showing the superior fishing performance of the former. The catch level of non-standard R.frisii kutum decreased from 67.1% in the control beach seine net down to 7.1% in the standardized beach seine net and these figures for mullet were 29.98% and 1.1% respectively. Based on the results obtained and considering the apparent superiority of the experimental net in catching greater number of mature fish and less number of premature or non-standard sized fish, the use of this modified beach seine net can be proposed to Iranian fisheries organization as a viable alternative to the traditional beach seine nets.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali ; Beach seine net ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Mullet ; Standard sized fish ; Non-standard sized fish ; Bony fish ; Fishing ; Stock assessment ; R.frisii kutum
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    Study and research on the fishing gears in northern waters of Persian Gulf (Khuzestan Province Coastal Waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25485 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:01:40 | 25485 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study and research on the fishing gears in northern waters of Persian Gulf (Khuzestan Province Coastal Waters) was carried out from March 2009 to February 2010. Sampling was done for trawl in summer and autumn, for purse seine in autumn and for gillnet and trap in all seasons. The average of total catch was in trawl 167.9 1.06 kg. The rate of bycatch in ± 207.89 and trap 1.66 ±270.17, gillnet 275.86 ± 48.4, purse seine 1795.6 ± trawl net was 87 percent, purse seine net 30.49 percent, gill net 70 percent and trap 6.19 percent. In this study, the number of bycatch species in trawl net are 38 species, gill net 36 species, trap 10 species and purse seine net 4 species. The result of two way ANOVA test in trawl net between bycatch and time, and between bycatch and place showed non-significant differences (p〉0.05, f=0.3) (p〉0.05, f=0.9). The result of two way ANOVA test in gillnet between bycatch and time, showed significant (p〈0.05, f=14.7), and between bycatch and place showed non-significant (p〉0.05, f=1.8). The result of two way ANOVA test in trap between bycatch and time and between bycatch and place was non-significant (p〉0.05, f=0.5). According to the result, rate of bycatch of trawl net is higher than other gear, so control and manage of bycatch in trawl is most important.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan Province ; Bycatch ; Fishing gear ; Net ; Trawl ; Gillnet ; Purse seine ; Trap ; CPUE ; Coastal waters
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    (Fenneropenaeus indicus) study on protozoa emerging diseases of shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25494 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:36:19 | 25494 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Certain diseases such as bacterial , viruses, parasirtic ones Protozoa parasites Could severe mortalities in farmed shrimp last decades. Two hundred and seventy Fenneropenaeus indicus with the weight of 10± 1.09 were selected, transferred to Iran Shrimp Center and distributed to the treatmentsand controls (3 groups). The objective of our study was to describe the signs, prevalence, and intensity of Hemocytosis, a new disease in shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. The experimental design included three groups, one treatment as infected shrimp or group B and 2 controls with non-infected but exposure to White Spot Syndrom Virus (WSSV) shrimp as group A and non-infected non- exposure to WSSV shrimp as group C in triplicate. The results revealed that Hemocytosis associated with a decrease in hyalinocytes and large-granulocytes (less than 8%) and a considerable increase in semi-granulocytes in group A and B in contrast to group C that Hyalinocyte increased. This infection made the shrimp susceptible to WSSV disease. It is believed that Hemocytosis causes a condition which can result in a rapid mortality among susceptible species, F. indicus when exposure to WSSV is occurred.
    Keywords: Health ; Iran ; White Spot Syndrome Virus ; Fenneropenaeus vannemai ; Challenge ; Protozoa ; Shrimp ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Bacterial ; Parasites ; Mortalities ; Hemocytosis ; Hyalinocyte ; Species ; F.indicus
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    Investigation on seafood business in Islamic Republic of Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25506 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:29:35 | 25506 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Seafood business is one of the important subjects in fishery activation. It is covered a wide range of fishery activation from the fishing to the table. The fishery production success is depending to the many factors. Without considering the market conditions and suitable trading the fishery activations are not commercial. Therefore considering to the different subjects is necessary. This project is one of the road map seafood processing plans. The aim of this project was to study of the world fishery production, world fish processing, marketing and fish production and treading in Iran by using current different information.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Fishery ; Road map ; Seafood
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    Comprehensive study on assessment of sturgeons population genetic structure in the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25174 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:15:43 | 25174 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The population genetic structure of five Caspian Sea sturgeon species was investigated. Totally 1121 samples of caudal and unault's fin tissue of the sturgeons (Acipenser persicus, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, A. nudiventris and Huso huso) were collected from the Volga River (Russia), Ural River (Kazakhstan), Kura River (Azerbaijan), Sepidrud River and the coastline of the south Caspian in the Iranian waters as well as from the sampling stations selected for the marine survey for sturgeon stock assessment in the Caspian Sea. All samples were stored in 96% ethyl alcohol and transferred to the genetic laboratory of the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Genomic DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform method. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed by Agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. The population genetic structure of Ship and Persian sturgeon was studied using both PCR-RFLP (D-loop and ND5/6 gene) and microsatellite technique and that of H. huso, A. stellatus and A. persicus were studied using microsatellite technique. After amplification of genes using PCR, the RFLP technique was used to digest mtDNA using restriction enzyme. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% sequencing polyacrylamide gels followed by silver nitrate staining. Data for PCR-RFLP were analyzed using REAP program and those from microsatellite technique were analyzed using Gene Alex. Population genetic parameters including allele frequency, expected and observed heterozygosity, effective allele, Shannon's index were determined. Genetic identity and distance were calculated following Nei criteria and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was tested based on X2 and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using Reap and Gen Alex at 99% confidence limit. Phylogenetic relationship was determined and drawn using TFPGA program. The population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 1121 sturgeon specimens were determined. Three independent populations were identified for Acipenser persicus (two populations in the south Caspian in the Iranian waters and one in the north Caspian). Three independent populations were identified for A. gueldenstaedtii (Volga, Ural and South Caspian populations) using the microsatellite technique. Population genetic structure using PCR-RFLP revealed no genetic differentiation among the A. gueldenstaedtii specimens studied from the different regions using ND5/6 gene, while two populations (Ural and south Caspian populations) were detected for this species with the same technique using D-loop genes. Four independent populations (Volga, Ural, Kura and Sepidrud populations) were reported for A. stellatus using the microsatellite technique and four more populations which most probably belong to the autumn and spring races of the above mentioned independent populations were identified for this species. The present study also identified two populations for H. huso; The North Caspian population (in Volga and Ural Rivers) and The South Caspian population (in Golestan and Guilan regions) which were significantly different from each other (P〈0.01). The genetic population structure of A. nudiventris was studied using the microsatellite and PCR-RFLP techniques which revealed two populations for this species one in the Ural River and the other in the Sepidrud River (South Caspian). Comparison of the ND5/6 and D-loop genes studies in Russian sturgeon revealed that the D-loop gene is better than the ND5/6 genes in population's differentiation and is therefore strongly recommended for population genetic studies on sturgeons in the Caspian Sea. Genetic diversity studied using microsatellite technique was higher and more accurate as compared to that using RFLP. Nevertheless the RFLP technique was able to introduce molecular markers for the population’s species pacific identification. On developing suitable primers these studies can be speeded up and the cost of such studies can be cut down. However the drawback in using microsatellite technique for population genetic studies is that it cannot introduce a molecular marker for the identification of populations. The present study was able to introduce molecular markers to differentiate the ship sturgeon population in the south Caspian from that in the Ural River using the PCR-RFLP technique Based on the results obtained it is strongly recommended that all activities related to restocking and rehabilitation of sturgeon stocks in Iran be conducted on the basis of genetic principles. Also serious and immediate measures should be taken for the restoration and conservation of rare population of native species of Iran particularly in the Sepidrud region using genetic markers before they are become extinct.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Golestan province ; Sepidrud River ; Assessment ; Sturgeons ; Population ; Genetic ; PCR-RFLP ; Microsatellite ; Species ; Samples ; Tissue ; Acipenser persicus ; A. gueldenstaedtii ; A. stellatus ; A. nudiventris ; Huso huso ; Survey
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    Comparing evaluation of pin bone machinery in the Silver Carp fillet (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25178 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 14:20:19 | 25178 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Pin bone removing is a new equipment for pin-bone removal increase customer satisfaction and revenue even further the bones were pulled out at good speed. Pin boning especially is very often done manually which causes lots of global transports to low cost countries for processing new technique will help make processing operations more efficient and profitable The new generation pin bone removing equipment is mainly for trout and is not suitable for carp fishes the new pin bone remover which works with air of compressor and hand. has proved to work in almost twenty different fish species, including Great silver smelt, Pike Perch, Coho, Sockeye salmon, Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout, Saithe, Haddock, Herring, Whitefish, Chinook, Salmon, Perch, Rainbow Trout, Char, Mackerel and Hake. Therefore it will be suitable for carp fishes too. After a day’s work all vital parts can be removed by hand without any tools, for effective cleaning to the fish and gives nice looking filets and is determined to help processors by offering state of the art bone-removing equipment which will increase speed, yield and efficiency. But pin bone removing done manually does not give a nice looking fillet also has a considerable waste of fish.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Silver Carp ; Fillet ; Bone ; Generation ; Species ; Pike Perch ; Coho ; Sockeye salmon ; Atlantic salmon ; Whitefish ; Rainbow Trout ; Evaluation ; Great silver smelt
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    Study on distribution of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea (Iranian Coasts) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25176 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:05:47 | 25176 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In the early 1980s, an alien ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi already known as a gelatinous zooplankton was transported (likely via ballast waters) to the Caspian Sea from its introduced or native water of the Black Sea or western Atlantic which caused negative impacts. In this report, distribution of M. leidyi, planktonic and benthic organisms had been investigated in the Southern Caspian Sea (Iranian waters) in 6 transects consisted of Lisar, Anzali, Sefidroud, Nowshar, Babolsar and Amirabad at 26 stations during 2005 and 2006. As a whole, 1422 samples had been analyzed included 258, 346, 217, 117 and 484 belong to ctenophore, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and physicochemical parameters, respectively. M. leidyi abundance and biomass were fluctuated between 284-2751 ind.m^-2 and 16.9- 390/9 g.m^-2 respectively in 2005 while maximum abundance and biomass were recorded in autumn and minimum in winter. In 2006, its mean abundance and biomass were 184-2150 ind.m^-2 and 9.1- 209/8 g.m^-2 respectively. M. leidyi maximum abundance and biomass were noted in summer and its minimum in spring and winter months. Overall, mean M. leidyi abundance and biomass were recorded in 20 m within 1202 ind.m^-2 and 139.5 g.m^-2 respectively. Maximum size of the ctenophore was recorded as 55 and 60 mm in 2005 to 2006 respectively, while less than 10 mm length frequency consisted 83.16 and 82.88 per cent of total population. Spatial_ temporal distribution of M. leidyi in different regions showed it was more abundant in west and east (714- 4494 ind.m^-2) ratio to central parts (13-1519 ind.m^-2) of the Southern Caspian Sea. Species composition of zooplankton had shown the negatively impacts of M. leidyi invasion in the period of sampling as the only 17 holozooplankton were determined with Rotatoria (7 species), Copepoda (4 species), Ciliophora (4 species) and cladocera (1 species). Zooplankton maximum abundance and biomass were recorded in February (3039742901 ind.m^-3 and 372.1575.4 mg.m^-3) respectively and its minimum were in July (12211601 ind.m^-3 and 6.9 7.7 mg.m^-3) respectively which was belonged to Rotatoria (76%) and Copepoda (10%). In this study, 21 species of benthic fauna were deter minted belong to Pseudocumidae (5 species), Gamaridae (4 species) Amphartidae (3 species), Oligochaeta, Balanidae, Xantidae, Nereidae, Scarbicularidae, Carididae, Mytilidae, Herpobdellidae and Chironomidae (each 1 species). Oligocheata was recorded with maximum abundance (943 2502 ind.m-2) and Bivalve consisted of higher biomass (68.7162.5 g.m^-2). From five phyla of phytoplankton, 172 species were determined of Chrysophyta (74 species), Cyanophyta (32 species), Chlorophyta (32 species), Pyrrophyta (24 species) and Euglenophyta (13 species), in which Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta were noted as main groups with their maximum abundance (up to 65%) and biomass (93%). Maximum water temperature was recorded in August with 29.52.5 ֯C and minimum in February by 9.31.3 ֯C. Mean value of salinity was 12.010.90 ppt, secchi disk ranged between 0.2 to 7 m and oxygen demand varied from 5.95 to 10.54 mg. l^-1). Moreover, silicate concentration was recorded between 200 to 300μg.L^-1, Phosphate measured from 31-47 μg.L^-1, Ammonia varied in 10-29 μg.L^-1, Nitrite (0.6- 1.7 μg.L^-1), Nitrate (0.06-4.20 μg.L^-1, which mainly accumulated in coastal waters of the southern Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali ; Sefidroud ; Nowshar ; Babolsar ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; M.leidyi ; Benthic ; Organisms ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthos ; Gamaridae ; Amphartidae ; Oligochaeta ; Balanidae ; Xantidae ; Nereidae ; Scarbicularidae ; Carididae ; Mytilidae ; Herpobdellidae ; Distribution ; Species ; Biomass ; Abundance
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
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    Production of oil enriched fish sausage by using emulsion technology and additives to adapt taste, colour and texture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25188 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:36 | 25188 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish sausages were made from minced fish meat and additives using dehydrogenated vegetable oil and fish oil. Four experimental groups were studied; Group 1 with 65% minced fish meat and 12% soybean oil, Group 2 with 65% minced fish meat and 12% olive oil, Group 3 with 65% minced fish meat and a mixture of 6% fish oil and 6% soybean oil, and Group 4 with 65% minced fish meat and 11.3% corn oil and 0.7% cod liver oil. In all the experimental groups the fish was first headed, the entrails removed and then washed and cut into small pieces. The fish pieces were then put in the meat extractor where the skin and bones were separated from the meat. The minced fish meat was rinsed with clean water and the water was let to drain. The additives for each experimental group were then blended with the minced meat and the mixture was filled in the sausage casings. The stuffed sausage casings were then placed in containers and put in a room to cook. After cooking the sausages were packed and stored in the refrigerator. The quality of the product was tested (chemical, microbial and organoleptic) from phase zero through the entire experimental period which lasted 30 days. Based on the results obtained it was evident that sausages in the experimental Group 1 showed better taste and flavor as compared to those in the other groups.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Minced fish meat ; Sausage ; Vegetable oil ; Fish oil ; Additives ; Microbial ; Organoleptic ; Emulsion ; Colour ; Texture
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  • 38
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    A survey on health status of marine fish in Bandar-e-Imam station (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25189 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:16:20 | 25189 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mariculture is one of the most important sub sector fisheries industry in Asia-pacific region. There are over 40 marine fish species commonly cultured, such as groupers (Epinephlus spp.), snappers (Lutjanus spp.) and Asian sea bass (Lattes calcarifer). But this industry in Southeast Asia experienced serious disease problem since the late 1980s. Khouzestan province has a coastal line about 200 km with many Creek and suitable area for Mariculture. Marine fish culture in Khouzestan province in floating net cages was successfully initiated in Ghazaleh Creek following development of Epinephlus coioides artificial seed production in the 1372. This study has been conducted since 1384 to 1387 in Bandar-e-Imam station. The aim of this research project was to determine the health management status in cage and hatchery, identification of marine fish pathogens (Bacteria, Fungi and parasite), examination of heavy metal in cages sediment and test the physico chemical factors of water in cages and hatchery. Different parts of broodstocks body and fingerlings including intestine, gills and body surface were examined. In this study, 18 Genus and species of bacteria such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio splendidus, Vibrio vulnificus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Pseudomonas sp. were diagnosed. Also 7 Genus and species of fungi such as: Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. And Fusarium sp. Were isolated. In this survey following of disease appearance parasites such as; protozoans Amyloodinium sp. And Trichodina sp. In E.coioides and Acanthopagrus latus and Sparidentex hasta, monogean such as Benedenia sp. In E.coioides and S. hasta, isopoda probably Nerocila sp. In nasal cavity of E.coioides and copepods such as: Caligus sp. And Lernanthropus sp. In A.latus and S.hasta were identified. In this study, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and parasites) isolated from three different marine fishes species, were reported for the first time in Iran. The range of the physico-chemical parameters of water in cages were: DO (5.42-10.24 ppm), BOD5 (1.51-10.24 ppm), No_2 (0.0197-0.89 ppm), No_3 (3.53-11.93 ppm), Po_4 (0.965-6.05 ppm), turbidity (4-58 NTU) and ammonia (0.0008-0.03 ppm). According to the results parameters such as nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were found more than standard levels. Heavy metals: Ni and Pb relatively high observed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khouzestan province ; Bandar-e-imam ; Mariculture ; Fisheries ; Species ; Epinephlus spp. ; Lutjanus spp. ; Lattes calcarifer ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Aspergillus niger ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Penicillium sp. ; Fusarium sp. ; Vibrio alginolyticus ; Vibrio anguillarum ; Vibrio splendidus ; Vibrio vulnificus ; Plesiomonas shigelloides ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Aeromonas caviae ; Pseudomonas sp. ; Grouper ; Snapper ; Sea bass
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  • 39
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    Study on Mahshahr creeks (north of Persian Gulf) as protected area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25190 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:42:55 | 25190 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In recent years MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) have been known as a flexible tool to improve fishery management as well as to preserve biodiversity in valuable coastal waters habitats. This study was conducted to selecting the sensitive and high potential area that are impacted by several environmental stress and associated habitats are being damaged in Mahshahr creeks in Northwest of Persian Gulf. Study was done in eight creeks from October 2005 to September 2006. Different biotic parameters such as phytoplanktons, zooplankton, macro zooplankton, benthic animals and fishes (trawled species) communities and also physico-chemical parameters and sediments heavy metals were investigated. Different parameters were sampled monthly or seasonal from each creek. Water samples with bottle sampler and sediment were collected by Peterson grab. Several ecological and biological indices based on heavy metals and benthic communities were used. Concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using voltammetric plarography method (Methrom 797). The range and mean concentrations obtained in mg/kg were 35.16-15.03 (27.01) for Cu, 171.41-65.57 (102.672) for Ni, 20.06-4.63 (13.22) for Co, 0.78-0.093 (0.22) for Hg, 379-65.07 (113.7) for Zn, 1.00-0.27 (0.559) for Cd and 29.72-7.09 (14.66) for Pb. To evaluate the levels of sediment contaminations, the background values of the different heavy metals were calculated and contamination factor for each metals and degree of contamination for each creek determined as well. Measured concentrations were compared with International standards. Ultimately the heavy metals contamination factors (Cf) can be arranged as follows: Hg〉 Zn〉 Cu≥ Ni〉 Pb≥ Co 〉 Cd and according to contamination degree (Cd), different creeks can be arranged as follows too: Ghannam〉 Ahmady≥ Zangy〉 Doragh≥ Darvish〉 ghazaleh〉 Patil〉 Bihad Regarding the results some elements such as Hg, Zn and Ni, are at risk level and all of the studied creeks are classified in moderate degree of pollution except Ghannam showing considerable degree of pollution. The benthic invertebrates are a well-established target in evaluations of environmental quality status. The AMBI (AZTI,s Marine Biotic Index) was developed to determine the impacts and the quality status in softbottom marine benthic communities. All creeks are characterized by muddy bottom. Macrobenthic animals, according to their sensitivity to an increasing stress gradient, classified in five ecological groups. In present study due to appearance of dominant species such as Capitella sp and nematodes (as opportunist species), diversity values was reduced. Two way ANOVAs showed only seasonal significant differences in mean abundance (P〈0.05, f=5.712, df: 3,21) and Richness index values (p〈0.05, f= 4.975, df=3,21), while all of creeks showed similar biological characters based on benthic communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, The most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution (32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. Communities. According to annual, mean of AMBI (BC) all of creeks classified in ecological group III with slightly pollution, except Darvish that was placed in unpolluted category. In general, according to AMBI and BI values, the most creeks are classified in unpolluted (34%) and slightly pollution (34%) categories except Zangy, Doragh and Patil in summer and also Zangy and Bihad in winter that showed moderate to heavily pollution (32%). The results of chemical quality of sediments, Cf values, Cd values, AMBI Index and water quality and risk Indices have confirmed each other. In general, the Mahshahr creeks are classified in moderate to heavy pollution status. In addition, biological parameters of benthic communities and other biotic parameters have showndescending trend in ecological quality in all of the studied creeks. We used of some criteria for evaluation of biotic potential or sensitivity and also to explain the ecological health level of studied creeks. Positive and negative criteria are classified in three level 1, 3 and 5 for low, moderate and high degree of conservation value respectively. According to gained points the creeks Darvish, Doragh and Ghazaleh in high level and creeks Ghannam , Zangy and ahmady in low level of conservation value were classified.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan Province ; Mahshahr creeks ; Bottom sediments ; Heavy metals ; Contamination factor ; AMBI Index ; Risk Index ; Biodiversity ; Species ; Samples ; Benthic ; ANOVA ; Pollution
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  • 40
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    Stock assessment of the bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2005-2007) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25192 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:01:12 | 25192 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Exploitation of bony fishes resources started on 12 October 2005 and finished on 9 April 2006 in 2005-2006. 142 beach seines caught about 14333.4 tons of bony fishes by 47101 hauling. The total catch was estimated 21844.7 tones (Includes illegal fishery). Kutum, mullets and common carp comprised more than 97 percent of total catch. Length classes 39-40, 31-32 and 40-41 cm predominated for kutum, golden grey mullet and common carp, respectively. Age groups 3 to 5 year comprised 84.2, 74.8 and 83.7 percent for Kutum, golden grey mullet and common carp, respectively and age group 4 year was dominant with 42.0, 35.9 and 43.0 percent, respectively. K value and L_∞ calculated 0.26 (/year) and 58.3 cm for Kutum and 0.15 (/year) and 61.5 cm for golden grey mullet, respectively. The total biomass and MSY estimated about 24733.7 and 8550.4 tones for kutum and about 16948.0 and 4999.0 tones for golden grey mullet, respectively. Exploitation rate (E) calculated 0.71 and 0.70 for Kutum and golden grey mullet, respectively. In 2006-2007, the exploitation of bony fishes resources started on 12 October 2006 and finished on 7 April 2007 in 2006-2007. 134 beach seines caught about 14120.0 tons of bony fishes by 48470 hauling. The total catch was estimated 23801.8 tones (Includes illegal fishery). Kutum, mullets and common carp comprised more than 98.5 percent of total catch. Length classes 39-40 and 38-39 cm predominated for kutum and common carp, respectively and length classes 27-28 and 29-30 cm predominated for golden grey mullet. Age groups 3 to 5 year comprised 80.2 and 71.8 percent for kutum and golden grey mullet, respectively and age groups 4 to 6 year comprised 71.8 percent for common carp. Age group 3, 4 and 5 year was dominant with 35.5, 32.1 and 27.1 percent for kutum, golden grey mullet and common carp respectively. K value and L∞ calculated 0.27 (/year) and 60.7 cm for Kutum, 0.2 (/year) and 58.4 cm for golden grey mullet and 0.19 (/year) and 66.7 cm for common carp, respectively. The total biomass and MSY estimated about 46654.9 and 14801.4 tones for Kutum, about 19549.0 and 5748.4 tones for golden grey mullet and about 10584.3 and 2186.0 tones for common carp, respectively. Exploitation rate (E) calculated 0.69, 0.53 and 0.52 for kutum, golden grey mullet and common carp, respectively.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bony fishes ; Kuttum ; Golden grey mullet ; Growth and mortality parameters ; Biomass ; MSY ; Common carp ; Coastal waters
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  • 41
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    Biological survey on small pelagic fishes (sardine & anchovy) stocks in coastal waters of Hormuzgan province (Qeshm Island & Bandar Lengeh) with emphasis on sea surface temperature, plankton distribution and chlorophyll-a (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25198 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:25:43 | 25198 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Investigation on small pelagic fishes in the north of the Persian Gulf (Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh) coastal waters during October 2006 to September 2008, illustrated that 6 sardine and 2 anchovy species were locally existed. Sind sardinella (Sardinella sindensis) and Buccaneer anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) were dominated in this area. The peak of sexual maturity for Sind sardinella and Buccaneer anchovy occurred in spring and summer respectively. Reproduction period for Sind sardinella was from the middle of winter to late spring, and Buccaneer anchovy encompassed reproduction capacity all the year. The female: male ratio was calculated 1:0.7 and 1:0.9 for Sind sardinella, 1:1.27 and 1:1 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar lengeh sequentially. The mean of absolute fecundity were estimated 16234 and 16168 for Sind sardinella, 1277 and 1141 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh respectively. L_M50 and L_C50 were calculated and the results showed both species mainly caught before length of maturity, and the mass populations have not sufficient opportunity to reproduction. Both species were planktonivore, theirs food prefect mainly consisted of copepods, naplius and bivalves. Vacuity index indicated both spices were semi-voracious appetite fishes. Based on calculated length-weight relationships in S. sindensis and E. punctifer, they have isometric growth. Growth parameters were estimated, the results illustrated that they were growth fast and short live species, which suggested S. sardinella and E. punctifer have 3 and 2 years maximum life span respectively. The recruitment pattern indicated double recruitment peaks per year in both species. Annually, four cohorts were distinguished in Sind sardinella and 3 cohorts in Buccaneer anchovy. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated in both species, and the values of exploitation ratio (0.78 & 0.74) in Sind sardinella and (0.72 & 0.41) in Buccaneer anchovy were reasonable for current fishing effort due their short life span. Analysis of the results showed that CPUE in sardine and anchovy affected by reproduction and feeding processes. Results showed significant correlation between sardine CPUE and Sardine GaSI (P〈0.05, r= 0.499), similarly between anchovy CPUE and anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.635). Further, significant correlation between sea surface temperature with sardine CPUE (P〈0.05, r=0.493), phytoplankton distribution (P〈0.01, r=0.560), anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.526), anchovy GaSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.500) and chlorophyll a (P〈0.01, r=0.780). Phytoplankton distribution with sardine GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.453), zooplankton distribution with anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.671), and chlorophyll with sardine GSI (P〈0.01, r=0.761) have significant correlation.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Qeshm Island ; Bandar Lengeh ; Sardinella sindensis ; Encrasicholina punctifer ; Reproduction ; Feeding ; Growth and mortality ; Catch per unit effort ; Sea surface temperature ; Chlorophyll a ; Sexual maturity ; Plankton ; Naplius ; CPUE ; GSI ; Sardine ; Anchovy ; Coastal waters ; Surface ; Temperature ; Distribution
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  • 42
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    Comparison of growth and survival rate between import and native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25204 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:20:25 | 25204 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is only species of cold water fishes which is rearing and propagation in Iranian fishery farms. Along of develop aquaculture industries increase request of best produces such as trout eyed eggs and larva. For this reason fishery farmers must be to provide that the way of import of other countries, such as: Denmark, Norway and France. As for this importance subject and unknown basic information about preference ratio for doing it, we needed to study about that to answer the suppliant questions. In this study carried out 3 test groups (3 treatments with 3 repetitions) and compared specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SVR) between in this groups. Statistical analysis were significantly difference of increase rate of length and weight in French group with other groups (p〈0.05). Compared of main factors (SGR, CF, SVR) in French test group were significantly difference with other groups (p〈0.05). Survival rate percentage in Iranian treatments (SVR=%67) were significantly with the others (p〈0.05). This ratio respectively in Danish and French treatment was %54 and %48.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; SR ; CF ; SGR ; Growth ; Survival rate ; Rainbow trout ; Species ; Cold water ; Rearing ; Fishery ; Aquaculture ; Larvae
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  • 43
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    Geographical distribution of commercial bony fishes in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25568 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:03:55 | 25568 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The beach seines catch and effort data from 1996 to 2011 categorized in four periods and used in this research. Geographical coordinates of beach seines determined by portable GPS and distribution maps of important and commercial species prepared by catch per unit effort (CPUE). The concentration of beach seines in the western coast of Golestan province, Kiashahr area and eastern part of Anzali was more than another part. The daily effort in Kiashahr and Anzali area was very high, thus the fishing stress in these areas was more than another part of Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. The number of species in catch composition increased from east to west and the beach seines of Guilan province had total of commercial species, but the number of commercial species rarely was five species in Golestan province and especially in eastern coast. Relative frequency and distribution of Kuttum in the east Babolsar area and then between Sepidroud and Anzali lagoon were more than another part. The ISI index of Kuttum was high in all of the area except east coast of Golestan province. The main distribution of Mullets determined in the western coast of Golestan province and the Amirabad fishing area and in these areas, the ISI index of Mullets was high. The main distribution area of common carp determined in east coast of Golestan and the ISI index of common carp was very low in other parts. Density and distribution of Kolmeh were high in eastern and western coasts of Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea and the density of this species was very low in Mazandaran province. The density of Zander was very high in surrounding of Sepidroud River and Anzali lagoon. The ISI index of commercial species in Guilan province was more than other provinces except Kuttum, mullets and common carp.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran province ; Babolsar ; Anzali ; Kiashahr ; Bony fishes ; CPUE ; ISI index ; Distribution map ; Species ; Fishing ; Kuttum ; Mullets ; Common carp ; Density
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  • 44
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    Limnological survey of Anzali Wetland data during 1990-2003 by use of GIS system (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25200 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:38:28 | 25200 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Anzali wetland at south west of Caspian located along of North West and southeast and with its unique feature were add on the Ramsar convention list in 1975. There were recorded a high rich of fauna and flora including 276 plant species, 23 reptiles and amphibians, 60 fishes, 26 mammals and 195 birds. Anzali wetland were encountered with numerous disorder with the eutrophication and the early dismissing. The first studies on Anzali wetland started by many international institutions in 1964. In this study the data of biotic and abiotic factors in Anzali wetland analyzed which belongs to different sites (15 to 38 stations) during 1991 to 2000 and were sampled seasonally or monthly in different years. The results showed the increasing trend of phytoplankton abundance from 7.9 to 66 million C./l. and the western part had the most abundant. The Cyanophyta had the most development than other 7 phylum observed in the area. In Anzali wetland identified 143 phytoplankton genus that 9 genus dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 7 genus had the abundance of more than 5 million cell/l. The Zooplankton abundant increased from 580 to 2200 ind./l. The Rotatoria had the most abundant followed by Copepoda. There was identified 104 zooplankton genus that 5 genus were dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 11 genus had the abundance of more than 30 ind./L. The chlorophyll a varied from 8.8 to 50.2 μg/l. and had a increasing trend after 1996, meanwhile it was measured higher than 25 μg/l in most of the stations. The results of benthic study showed that the Chironomidae and Tubificidae were observed more than other organisms which comprised 12.2 to 23.5% of total biomass of benthic organisms in studied period. The range of biomass was 1.1 to 7.8 g/m2. The ichthyologic survey showed presence of 60 species that 11 species were exotic. 28 species belong to freshwater, 17 species were anadromous and 8 species were resident in estuary. The highest and lowest fish catch were 640 and 288 ton in 1994 and 1999 respectively and it was about 500 ton at the end of period. The hydrochemical factors had the various fluctuation so that the nutrients parameters had a significant difference over studied period. Total nitrogen was varied from 0.78 to 1.41 mg/l and total phosphorus varied from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/l.. The oxygen dissolved amount was from 4.6 to 8.7. EC was between 3 to 5 ms/cm during September and October that indicated of Caspian water projection. According to geographic position of station, all biotic and abiotic data, were arranged. The data bank is used by Idrisi software to produce of necessary maps. Analysis of data showed that there must be a responsible department with a vast authority. Conservation and eutrophication prevention of Anzali wetland connect to special attention to catchment area and landuse management of the wetland. Also there is an urgent need for well-developed technologies and managements to reduce the organic pollution and its environmental impacts on the Anzali Lagoon.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali wetland ; Ramsar ; Anzali Lagoon ; Limnological ; Survey ; GIS ; Fauna ; Flora ; Cyanophyta ; Phylum ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Chlorophyll a ; Biomass ; Species ; Hydrochemical ; Nutrients ; Dissolved oxygen
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  • 45
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    Monitoring of commercial marine stocks around Hormuzgan (bandar-e-Lengeh) artificial reefs (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25203 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:18:18 | 25203 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Over-fishing of marine resources has endangered many commercial fish species in the world; with aquaculture development, setting up artificial reef systems is an important way for marine stocks and fishing enhancement. The present study was designed to monitor fish abundance and species changes around a small and newly established artificial reef system in Moloo area at Bandar-e-Lengeh during two years after installation (Sep. 2005 to Sep. 2007). The artificial reef includes three types of concrete structures arranged in a seven by three grid. Each cross point considered as a sampling station and two other stations selected from two sides of the system as control stations. Based on obtained results CPUE (P = 0.00001), frequency (P = 0.001) and species diversity of captured fishes (P = 0.024) showed significant differences between three types of sampling traps. With type of structures, The CPUE and frequency of fishes in transect 7(mixed structures) showed the significant differences with other six transects (p= 0.001, P = 0.009). No diversity relationships were seen between transects (p= 0.100). In this study there were no significant differences between depths. Although the means of CPUE between seasons were different, but the ANOVA test could not show the significant differences because of the differention between variances. The T-Test showed no significant differences between the numbers per trap per day dominant species (Epinephelus coioides, Plectorhinchus shotaf, Diagrama pictum, Siganus javus) in different seasons. Movie prepared from artificial reefs showed diversity of fish were more than that of fishing by trap. Although fishes increased but there was no enough causes evidences for product in artificial reefs. Therefore, the study need to continue in this area.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Hormuzgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Artificial reef ; Monitoring of stocks ; Density ; Diversity ; CPUE ; Marine ; Species ; Aquaculture ; ANOVA ; Epinephelus coioides ; Plectorhinchus shotaf ; Diagrama pictum ; Siganus javus
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  • 46
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25193 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:38 | 25193 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
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  • 47
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    Biomass estimation, opening and closure of Shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) fishery in Bushehr waters (Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25206 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:43:13 | 25206 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: From June 2004 to March 2006, a survey in Iran waters (Bushehr province) has completed. Sampling was accomplished in two area, north and south. In this period 15 cruises achieved in summer and 3 cruises in autumn and winter. In each cruise of north and south area 18 and 30 stations were sampled respectively. Stations row on three depth stratums that is, below 10 m, 10-20 m, and 20-30 m in total area from Bahrekan to Motaf. Some Biological parameters such as sex stages, sex ratio, mean total length, species composition were measured. Duration of shrimp fishing season in years 2004, 2005 and 2006 were 40, 44 and 40 days in summer respectively. In June and august the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in south was more than northern area. CPUE increases in north area especially at the end of summer during fishing season gradually. Computing on Biomass estimation resulted 674, 1024 and 873 ton in years 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively for all shrimp species (usually tiger shrimp, white shrimp and other). Total commercial landing of shrimp catch in above years were 1602, 1597 and 1110 ton respectively. Percentage of tiger shrimp in commercial landing in above years was 77, 75 and 84 respectively. We found that the least mean length of tiger shrimp was observed in southern area especially from Motaf to Rodmond stations. The schools of prawn penaeus semisulcatus enter to Bushehr waters from southern area that is Motaf region. Other than Motaf; Nakhilu, Rase khan and Rod-mond show same characteristics. Also in this region, density of shrimp increases with depth in most summer cruises. The result from analyses of gonad maturation studies shows the adult and mature females (stages III and IV) of P. semisulcatus accumulate in northern area at the end of autumn. This stock catches in autumn by illegal fishing.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr province ; Biomass ; Shrimp ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Fishery ; Green tiger prawn ; Opening season ; Closure season ; Survey ; Sampling ; Sex ratio ; Species ; CPUE ; Illegal fishing ; Parameters
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    Effect of starch utilization on sensory quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) fish ball can (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25217 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:02:14 | 25217 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A variety of products made from fish meat is increasingly being produced in most countries. The availability of low cost ingredients, the use of suitable formulations and modern equipment has made it feasible to produce different products of high nutritious value to satisfy consumer demands. Starch is an ingredient used in most products in the food industry because of its physical characteristics. In the present study fish ball were prepared using starch from two different sources (wheat and potato) either individually or by mixing equal proportions of two sources of starch at a rate of 5, 10 and 15% to 80% ground meat of silver carp. A control group was also tested without adding starch. Results obtained indicate that flavor, odor and texture of the resulting product made with 10% starch were more acceptable as compared to the other trials. Fish ball made with the addition of 15% starch were lighter in color and sticky and loses its strength to form. No significant differences were observed in color, flavor, odor and texture of fish ball in trials containing 10% starch from one individual source (p〉0.05) and the resulting product in these trials were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to those containing 5 and 15% starch. Among trials containing two sources of starch, mixed trials with potato and wheat (5% potato + 5% wheat) were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to the other trials(p〈0.05).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Silver Carp ; Fish Ball ; Starch ; Sensory quality ; Nutritious ; Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix
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    Hygienic monitoring of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) on Aras Lake reservoir (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25615 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:19:08 | 25615 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aras dam reservoir situated in the northwest of Iran, west Azarbaijan province, is the only water resource of Astacus leptodactylus harvest in the country that more than 250tons of this species were exported to different countries all over the world, annually. On the other hand, one of the polices of Iranian Science Fisheries Institute is the release of this species into other water resources in the country and for this purpose, the study of risky diseases such as Crayfish pest (Aphanomysis astasi) and other zoonotic diseases are considered as the research priorities of aquaculture development of the country. This study was carried out to health screening of Astacus leptodactylus at Aras dam reservoir from winter 2013 to fall 2014. In this regard, A total of 394 harvested livefreshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (255males, 139females) weretested. 9 epibionts and parasites peritrich protozoans were identified. From Metazoan parasites group, Branchiobdella kozarovi with incidence rate of (100%) in obtained samples was the only isolated organism from this group that identified up to species level. There was a heavy damage in gills of samples with Aeolosoma hemprichi (Annelid) in winter with90% prevalence. Furthermore, Other Epibiont fouling organisms such as Rotatoria; free living nematods and suctoria were observed in this survey. The fungi study of the lesions and melanized spots of mentioned samples revealed their infection to Penicillium expansum; Aspergillus flavus; Alternaria sp. ; Fusarium sp. and Saprolegnia sp. The results of bacterial study confirmed the presence of pathogen bacteria in Astacus leptodactylus. The most frequency percentage (15.16%) in hepatopancrease were related to Aeromonas hydrophila and the least one (1.37%) were due to Yersinia bacteria. Also, only Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified from heamolymph, respectively. The results revealed that the combination of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp. has caused the most infection rate while. Yersinia ruckeri and Salmonella typhi has caused the least infections in Astacus leptodactylus. According to the isolation of 6 bacteria species from hepatopancreas and 2 species from heamplymph , it can be concluded that hepatopancreas enjoyed the higher infection rate compared to haemolymph in the obtained samples.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Aras Dam Reservoir ; West Azarbaijan province ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Health screening ; Hygienic ; Freshwater ; Crayfish ; Species ; Fisheries ; Aphanomysis astasi ; Parasites ; Metazoa ; Aeolosoma hemprichi ; Epibiont fouling ; Alternaria sp.
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    Determining of DNA-barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA (CO1) using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25619 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 17:03:03 | 25619 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal Conservation-especially for endangered species. It was proved that a small fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene as a reliable, quick and costeffective identification system for most Crustacea like shrimp. Take a look in DNA barcoding website show that there is a little data about Iranian shrimps which live in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this Study six species of shrimp: Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from different stations in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. All materials were preserved in 70% ethanol and were shipped to the laboratory for taxonomic studies. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. The results were amazing and the interesting part was that analytical methods for showing species relationship suggested that Fenoro penaeus penicillatus is closer to Marsupenaeus gnus than penaeus gnus. This finding needs more investigation to be proved. We suggest a workflow for DNA barcoding, including database generation and management, which will ultimately be necessary if we are to succeed to join universal DNA barcode for Crustacea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; DNA ; DNA barcoding ; Species ; mtDNA ; CO1 ; Molecular method ; PCR ; Specimens ; Morphological ; Cytochrome ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Shrimp ; Fenoro penaeus indicus ; Fenoro penaeus merguensis ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Marsupenaeus japonicas ; Fenoro penaeus penicillatus
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    Conservation and restoration of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the southern Caspian (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25617 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:24:05 | 25617 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project is funded by the CASPECO Project which is the Third Phase of the GEF supported project in the Caspian Sea region titled “The Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Consolidation of a Permanent Regional Environmental Governance Framework”, and implemented by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in partnership with four Coastal Research Centers affiliated to IFRO, Coldwater Fishes Research Centre (CFRC).The project's objective is to improve the conservation and restoration of Caspian Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks. In accordance with IUCN criteria Caspian Salmon is placed in the red list of endangered fish. In the recent decades the destruction of habitats for juveniles, reduction of genetic diversity and fish immune system were main causes of the Caspian salmon decline. Numbers of public meetings were held with participation of fishing communities’ representatives, experts, relevant local authorities and experts of the IFRO and Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO), Iran Environment Protection Organization (IEPO), Water Resource Management (Ministry of Energy) and University senior professors, in order to create interaction and understanding of the project objectives. Educational awareness and extension program were conducted with the involvement of fisheries communities, private sector and NGO associations. The results of the project suggests that cross-sectoral coordination for sustainable fisheries can be achieved through building partnerships and enhancing communication between the environment, private, fisheries sectors and academia. Cross-sectoral cooperation through this project improved public awareness on growing risks facing Caspian Salmon from different sources including local sources (illegal fishing and over-fishing, urban wastewater, environment destruction, industrial pollutants, pollution of air and water resources), new emerging and invasive organisms, climate change, implications of the Caspian salmon population decline on economic and social affairs of the people who depend on them for their livelihood and food security and their role in fish stock protection. The project, through its capacity building, extension and educational programs and efforts to link science to management, could translate scientific findings into an action agenda for managers and policy makers that can bring an improvement in the future of the Caspian Sea salmon stock.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Conservation ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian salmon ; Fisheries ; IFRO ; Juvenile ; Genetic diversity ; Immune system ; Illegal fishing ; Pollution
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25622 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 05:50:41 | 25622 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were (8.141) 048.1 for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr^-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively. According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Anzali ; Babolsar ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
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    Research of possibility of producing of Ice cream through substituting milk protein with condensed protein (FPC) of silver carp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25231 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:59:12 | 25231 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish is a valuable nutritional source witch use of it in daily meal has a beneficial role on nutritional needs supply and also causes mental and physical health especially in people who have protein and food deficiencies. Unfortunately, per capita consumption of sea foods in Iran is 5.5Kg which is very lower than world standards (18 kg). So, study on fish ice cream formulation, by use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) instead of milk protein, had done to make variation in sea foods products and also increase per capita consumption of these kinds of foods. FPC has very high protein concentration and a lot of necessary amino acids like lysine and methionine. Also its protein is very digestible with highly biological value and it's PER in compare with casein PER is high. At first fish protein concentrate type A produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. Microbiological and physicochemical specifications of produced FPC by rules of FDA and FAO were accepted. Finally according to panel test results, substitution of 30 percent of milk with FPC in comparison with 50%, 70% FPC substitution prepared (P〈0/05). Also microbiological and physicochemical specifications of product were tested and results in compare with national standards of Iran were accepted.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Fish ice cream ; Fish Protein Concentrate ; Silver Carp ; Nutritional ; Amino acids
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    Investigation on production frozen minced fish meat and frozen fish ball from Abramis brama (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25239 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:54:42 | 25239 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Azerbaijan province ; Aras lake ; Minced fish meat ; Frozen fish ball ; Abramis brama ; Silver Carp ; Culture ; Oreganoleptic test ; Samples
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    The effectiveness of artificial reefs for rehabilitation and production of fisheries in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25250 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:29:01 | 25250 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: An artificial Reef is a fabricated, underwater structure, typically built for promoting marine life in areas of generally featureless bottom. Creating artificial reefs began from 2000 in southern provinces in Iran. This study has surveyed about the Bushehr and Khozestan states. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of artificial reefs in attracting and enhancing the production different aquatics through increasing of fish assemblage and fishery. The performance of artificial reefs deployed off the coast of the Persian Gulf in 10 to 15m, was evaluated. The reefs comprised of seven artificial and one control (natural) statistical tests plan in three replicates. Three types of artificial reefs were used in this study. That two were designed reefs and one was not designed or used material. The experimental plan consisted (i) Reef ball (R), designed hemispherical shaped; (ii) Laneh Mahi (L), designed pyramid shaped; (iii) Used material (U); (iv) mixed (RL); (v) mixed (RU); (vi) mixed (LU); (vii) mixed (RLU); and (viii) control site (CS). Trap nets and under-water visual census surveys were adopted for seasonal sampling of fish aggregation. Results of statistical analysis using ANOVA and T-test of the mean Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) showed significant difference (p〈0.05) in term of computing number of fish for aggregation of fishes. The study has concluded that reef deployments have influenced favorably the fish communities and fish harvests. Therefore, the artificial reefs, especially the mixed RLU, are appropriate tools for future fishing enhancement in the Persian Gulf of Iran.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khozestan Province ; Bushehr Province ; Artificial reefs ; Fisheries ; Marine ; Survey ; Hemispherical ; ANOVA ; CPUE ; Underwater structure
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    Hydrology and hydrobiology data analysis collected during 1998-2007 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25245 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:22:16 | 25245 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Annually, many data of hydrology and hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea at Iran's coasts were collected by Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology. The data which had been collected by researchers submitted annually in several reports but has not been processed all at once. Fluctuations of various parameters were surveyed and the relationships between them were analyzed. The main goal of this research is to analysis the data were obtained from 1994 to 2006 and show changes the concentration of various parameters in the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical data indicated that the average trend of transparency and salinity was decreased from 1994 to 2006 annually, where the salinity value was decreased from 12.37 ppt (part per thousand) to 11.5 ppt. The average of dissolved oxygen was increased from 6.4 to 8.6mg/l. pH has slightly fluctuated from 8.15 to 8.31. However, with increasing depth from surface to bottom, the average of dissolved oxygen was sharply decreased (DO concentration in surface and 800 m was 7.18 and 1.45 mg/l, respectively). The trend of salinity and pH fluctuation was very slow with depth but the salinity has an increasing with incrementing of depth but pH has a decreased trend. The average of organic and inorganic phosphorus and TP was nearly increased. The average of Nitrate and Silica sharply increased comparing to depth but the average of Nitrite and organic Nitrogen decreased. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation in different water layers was low in winter but the dramatic decreasing of temperature was occurred at 10-20 m (in spring), 20-50 m (in winter) and 50-100 m (in autumn). With increasing of depth (Slope of the Sea), transparency and salinity values have an increasing while DO and pH showed decreased. As a whole, 335 species of phytoplankton were identified, there are 70 species in advance as these species were not seen in this period but 96 of novel's species have been recorded. The lowest and the most of phytoplankton biomass was recorded in 2006 and 2001 while the biomass was 59 and 1034 mg/m^3, respectively. Albet, the lowest biomass was recorded at the depth of 100 m (24.1 mg/m^3) but the maximum was observed in surface layer (1344.1 mg/m^3). The average of phytoplankton biomass was increased after arrival of the ctenophore. There was a significant difference between the average of biomass in different seasons before and after of the ctenophore invasion (P〈0.001). Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta have the most cell abundance with a total of biomass of 52.7 and 37, respectively. From 1994 to 2006, species diversity (Shanon-Niner), evenness and richness were estimated between 3.02-1.29, 0.28-0.61 and 4.32-7.60, respectively. A total of 65 zooplankton species were identified with a frequent species in the Caspian Sea before the ctenophore invasion, while the species diversity decreased after the invasion. The high and the lowest of species diversity was recorded in 1994-1995 and 2006 and in 1999 the biomass of the zooplankton were observed between 12.6 mg/l and 363.8 mg/l, respectively. After arrival of ctenophore, the averages of zooplankton biomass at of the different depths were sharply decreased and were less than the ctenophore invasion. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the average of zooplankton biomass in two periods, seasons and west, middle and east regions as follows: P〈0.001, P〈0.008 and P〈0.01. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton belonged to copepoda with %51.5 and %63, respectively. Rotatoria falls in the second class from 1994 to 2006 (during 1994-2006), species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between 0.19-1.6, 0.08-0.52 and 0.37-2.29, respectively. The species diversity of macrobenthic organisms at the same period s followd by zooplankton changes which sharply decreased. The average of benthic biomass reduced from 13.7 g/m^2 in 1994-1995 to 1.8 g/m^2 in 2004 but sharply increased in 2005 with a maximum value of 46.7 g/m^2. With increasing of depth, the average of benthic biomass was sharply decreased. There was a significant difference (P〈0.001) in macrobethic organisms abundance before and after the ctenophore invasion, but it did not show a significant difference between seasons and different regions (as follows: P〉0.137, P〉0.782). Before the presence of ctenophore, the worms had been constituted a dominate group with an approximately %45 of total abundance and also %20 of their biomass. After this period, their frequency was sharply increased (more than %85) but the maximum value pertains to Cardidae (more than %90). The species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between .69-2.51, 0.23-0.63 and .011-3.79, respectively. AMBI software, Shanon-Viner parameter was moderate in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but this parameter was reduced in a bad limit (boundary) in the most seasons from 2002 to 2005. The main parameter of M-AMBI consists of several parameters and also approximately showed similar changes such as Shanon -viner parameter. On basis of this parameter, the ecological quality condition of Caspian Sea was superior limit in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but after the following years were decreased from good to moderate limits (After the presence of ctenophore). Relationship between abiotic variants and phytoplankton indicated that there was a direct relationship between transparency and salinity while there was a powerful and reversal significant relationship between transparency water temperature, transparency in organic Nitrate, phytoplankton number and transparency phytoplankton biomass. The comparison between different variants average in two periods (before and after the ctenophore invasion) indicated that the average of Kilka catch was decreased, the relative frequency of clupeonella engrauliformis and clupenoella grimmi was sharply reduced but the relative frequency of Clupeonella cultriventris was sharply increased, the species diversity, evenness and richness and the number of zooplankton species were sharply decreased, the average of biomass and transparency was sharply reduced, the average of dissolved oxygen and liza saliens or liza auratus catch were increased. These difference were often significant (P〈0.05). Therefore, with the ctenophore invasion into the Caspian Sea, the primary production was increased, the biomass value of zooplankton and specially Kilka which fed on zooplankton were sharply decreased while the fish such as Rutilus frisii kutum and mullet (Liza salins or Liza aurratus) which fed on benthic were increased.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; Bacillariophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Diversity ; Zooplankton ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza salins ; Liza aurratus
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    Possibility of using fresh water rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus for feeding Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25253 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:53:45 | 25253 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow: Treatment 1: Similar to normal process, first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water, after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25% of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22.5±0.5 centigrade, pH .of water being 85±0.1 while Oxygen proved to be 9.58±0.2 mg/l. At the end of the observation, the profile fatty acids of the remains were studied. The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one-way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2, whose indicative factors were in the following order: 4.65± 0.06, 45.18±0.66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10.47±0.04, 124.42±0.62, 1.51±0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0.79±0.07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0.62±0.05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99.33±0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62.36 ± 0.65 mgr. This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4, compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4, than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Brachionus calyciflorus ; Acipenser persicus ; Fatty acid ; Larvae culture ; Vitamin C ; Larval survival ; Species ; Mortality ; Feeding ; Artemia ; Cyst ; Ascorbic acid ; Oxygen ; Growth ; SGR ; FCR ; Fresh water
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    Genetic national plan study in order to shrimp breeding and developing of shrimp culture technology (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25256 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:26 | 25256 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling was done using 90 post larvae which were produced by reproduction of some broodstock of Penaeus indicus in one day and reared in the same situation for 4 month. Samples were classified in 3 group high growth, medium and low (according to their weight and length). Genomic DNA was extracted from a 1cm^2 piece of muscle using the phenol-chloroform method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using 21 RAPD loci. And PCR products were separated on 3% Agarose gels. From 21 studied loci, 12 produced polymorphic bands. The most polymorphic band produced using OPAQ 9 and the least by OPAQ 7. According to Nei 1972, the highest distance (0.457) was between low growth group and medium and the lowest (0.091) between high growth group and medium, therefore the highest identity (0.912) was between high growth group and medium and the lowest (0.633) between low growth group and medium. Consensus neighbour-joining tree using Nei (1972 and 1978) resulted in two clades, the first including high and medium growth groups and the second low growth group, it appears that low growth group are depended on separated population of the two others. With considering of mean weight of F1(16.25±1.5), mean weight of 15 ±1.2 and mean weight of parent 31.6, response to selection (R) and heritability for growth in this species were estimated 1.2±0.2 and 0.07±0.01 respectively. In another part of this study Sequencing of specific bands and primer design were done and examining of them on the same age specimens is necessary in following.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Penaeus indicus ; High growth ; RAPD marker ; Genetic ; Shrimp ; Breeding ; Culture ; Sampling ; Broodstock ; Phenol-chloroform methods ; Population ; Species ; Specimens
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    Feasibility study of Tehran province water resources for fish production – Phase 1: Salehabad Qanat (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25793 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:12:04 | 25793 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This feasibility study carried out in response to request of Tehran Province Fisheries Management, in order to Qanat Salehabad water assessment for aquaculture relataed purposes in Tehran Municipality – Regions 19 & 20. During 6 monthes between May – October 2011 in 3 sampling stations by 3 replicates investigations executed. Physic-chemical, Heavy methals, organochloro-organophosphore pesticides and microbial nominated parameters analysed in reference to Iran national and international standards as well, resulted an overall assessment on quality and quantity of Qanat water for aquaculture purposes. Results expressed station 1 in all studied seasons can be develop for fisheries warmwater applications and in cold seasons (September-March) fisheries coldwater relevant activities can be consider. Stations No 2 & 3 known as infeasible for fisheries applications but would be recommend for agriculture rrigation. According to the results, possibility of developing live fish shopping centers (Cold – warmwatetr fishes) between station 1 and before crossing the Qanat flow and Behesht-e-Zahra freeway is considerable, indeed water rights could be negotiate between Tehran Municipality and Tehran province Fisheries Bureo. Also application of feasible anti microbial filters and other minimum limitation parameters control is necessary before leading Qanat water flow into proposed live fish shop. And suitable septic tank is recommended at the outlet of proposed fisheries units. Monitoring of nominated physic-chemical & microbial parameters during operation of fisheries unites highly recommended.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Tehran province ; Salehabad ; Qanat ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fish ; Physicochemical ; Heavy metals
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    Marine food web dynamics of small-sized pelagic fish in the Caspian Sea (Iranian’s water) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25821 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:32:05 | 25821 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A mass-balance Ecopath model of coastal areas in the Caspian Sea has been constructed for a quantitative description of the trophic structure of the ecosystem. The model is used to estimate the important biological parameters and relationships among the different ecologically important groups. Twenty five species were used in the present analysis. The model is based on the data collected of Kilka fisheries, beach seining (Bony fish fisheries), and set Gillnet (Sturgeon Fisheries) and also dietary information. Total landings along the Iranian portion of southern Caspian coast reached 39647 t, including sturgeon (41 t), kilka (22873 t) and bony fishes (16733 t) in 2014. Two species of kilka (Common kilka and Anchovy) are important commercially in the Caspian Sea, together accounting in the past decade for 〉 60 % of the total catch, as well as being a crucial part of the food chain. The mean average trophic level was estimated at 3.17 by Ecopath software. In this research, the mean level were studied between eight species varied from 2.56 to 4.04, Sander lucioperca occupy the highest and the as vimba vimba was the lowest level. The ranges of total mortality varied from 0.5 to 2.56 per years. The food consumption rate was estimated about 101.56 per year Mixd trophic level index (MTI) showed small pelagic fishes as prey, have crucial role in feeding of pelagic predators population such as invasion of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, bream fish and benthic fish such as sturgeon. In general, niche overlap was greater in more species such as Alburnus chalcoides, Rutilus rutilus, Clupeonella cultriventris, Rutilus kutum and M. leidyi who consumed large amounts of plankton. In conclusion small pelagic fish exert a major control on the trophic dynamics of the Caspian Sea ecosystems and constitute midtrophic-level populations.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Trophic level ; Food consumption ; Total mortality ; Interactions ; Marine ; Food ; Food webs ; Pelagic ; Fish
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    Investigation of chromosome and ploidy levels of rainbow trout produced from imported eyed eggs (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25825 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:43:05 | 25825 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first (unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world (eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results, the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and feminization without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency ( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Imported eyed egg ; Native fish ; Ploidy level ; Growth ; Rainbow trout ; Chromosome ; Species ; Breeding ; FCR
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
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    Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21097 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 06:20:06 | 21097 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Thalassoma lunare is also named the Moon Wrasse because of its yellow caudal fin shapes like crescent moon with long upper and lower lobes. It is an inhabitant of coral reefs and surrounding areas at depths from 1 to 20. T. lunare is the most abundant wrasse species in the Persian Gulf. This species can reach 16 cm in total length in Iran, Persian Gulf, Kish Island. Moon wrasses are active fish, said to be moving all day long. They are also territorial, nipping, chasing, and otherwise harassing fish that get in their way. Being diurnal, wrasses have strong vision, although they also have a decent sense of smell. At night, they rest in niches often under rocks or other such structures. If needed, a moon wrasse may dig out a space under a rock by repeatedly swimming through it until it fits without struggle. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, all starting off as females and changing to males, a process which, for the moon wrasse, takes only 10 days. Some moon wrasses live in groups consisted of a dominant male, and a "harem" of about a dozen other wrasses, some female and some male. The alpha male is more brightly colored, and at every low tide hour, changes from green to blue, and goes into a show of attacking and nipping all the other wrasses. This is his way of showing his dominance to the rest of the males and keeping the females in check. During breeding season and before high tide, the alpha male turns completely blue, gathers up every single female, and the spawning frenzy begins.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Thalassoma lunare
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    Megalomma vesiculosum (Montagu, 1815) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21105 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 07:28:58 | 21105 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Megalomma vesiculosum (Giant Feather Duster Worm) has reported for the first time from Persian Gulf (Iran, Kish Island). M. vesiculosum is a polychaete worm that reaches up to 12 cm in length. It has relatively few (about 50) tentacles, each with a large eyespot at the free end. It creates a long and tough tube, which is mostly encrusted untidily with large shell fragments and small stones. The tube protudes no more than 40-50 mm (in Iran, Kish Island) from coarse sand or muddy gravel at low water and below. The body and crown vary in color from yellowish to a reddish-purple brown and is usually spotted. The Giant Feather Duster Worm is a relative of the garden earthworm. It uses its colorful tentacles to filter the water for food, which includes phytoplankton and bacteria. M. vesiculosum requires a high density of phytoplankton and dissolved particulates to survive in a marine ecosystem. The worm generally buries its tube in the sand and the crown protrudes above to strain the water. If this worm sheds its tentacle crown, it is not getting enough food. It will usually regrow another, smaller than the previous. If this cycle continues, the worm will starve. Members of the class Polychaeta are mostly gonochoric (sexual). Females produce a pheromone attracting and signalling the males to shed sperm which in turn stimulates females to shed eggs, this behavior is known as swarming. Gametes are spawned through the metanephridia or body wall rupturing (termed as ‘epitoky’, wherein a pelagic, reproductive individual, ‘epitoke’, is formed from a benthic, non reproductive individual, ‘atoke’). After fertilization, most eggs become planktonic; although some are retained in the worm tubes or burrowed in jelly masses attached to the tubes (egg brooders). Eggs develop into trocophore larva, which later metamorph into juvenile stage (body lengthened), and later develop into adults.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Megalomma vesiculosum
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    Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21106 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 06:38:05 | 21106 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Sabellastarte spectabilis is commonly known as the feather duster worm, feather duster or fan worm. It has reported for the first time from Iranian waters (Kish Island) and finding in the intertidal and subtidal reefs. Especially common in sites where phytoplankton is abundant. The worm's body occupies a flexible mucus tube formed by adhesion of silt from the water column. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each segment may bear setae (bristles) and parapodia (paddle-like appendages). Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as "errant". Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment-like, and these are known as "sedentary". This large worm can reach 80 millimeters in length and 10–12 millimeters in width. It is buff in color with purple specks. It lives in a tough, leathery tube covered with fine mud. The tentacles are striped in dark and pale brown bands and bear neither stylodes nor eye spots. There are two long, slender palps and a four-lobed collar. Cilia on the tentacles cause currents in the water and organic particles are caught as they float past. They are channelled along mucus-filled grooves to the mouth. Larger non-food particles are used for building the tube. The tentacles are also used as gills for gas exchange. This worm can reproduce asexually by fragmentation, and can regenerate body parts after being damaged. Reproduction can also be by sexual means. Most worms are either male or female and the gametes mature in the coelom before being released into the water column. Some specimens, particularly larger ones, have both male and female gametes and a study concluded that this was consistent with sequential hermaphroditism. Fertilization is external, and after a short time in the plankton, the trochophore larvae settle out and grow into adult worms.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Sabellastarte spectabilis
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    Pseudoceros prudhoei (Newman & Cannon, 1994) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21107 | 17408 | 2017-04-27 06:39:06 | 21107 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Pseudoceros prudhoei is usually found on rocky or reef habitats, swimming in open waters or under coral rubble plates, where they find their prey, the ascidians. Maximum length is 5 cm in Persian Gulf (Iran, Kish Island). While some of the free-living flatworms tend to hide under rocks escaping from the sunlight, colorful polyclads usually demonstrate a very conspicuous behavior, swimming through the water column next to coral reefs. These animals actually do not need to avoid predators, because their bright color pattern works as a warning sign about their distastefulness and toxicity. None of the animals had a negative response to the presence of light. When the flashlight was turned on, they started swimming around and exploring the environment and none of the worms hid under the rocks searching for cover. In fact, the light didn’t seem to bother them at all, as some would swim toward it, swim back and settle down at any spot. P. prudhoei is not negatively phototactic and reinforce the function of aposematic coloration in pseudocerotids. P. prudhoei is hermaphrodites with both male and female reproductive systems functional at the same time, and reproduce by internal fertilization.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Pseudoceros prudhoei
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    Stock assessment of the bonyfishes in Mazandaran (2003-2004) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25083 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:15:57 | 25083 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mullet and other bony fishes are caught by beach seine in Iranian waters in Golestan, Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. In this investigation which had conducted in commercial regions during 2003-2004, we estimated catch and CPUE, species composition, length, weight, age of two species of mullet and Salmo trutta caspius; von Bertalanffy growth parameters, mortality, biomass and MSY of Liza aurata. The total recorded catch of mullet was 3870 mt and L. auratapre dominated (98.5% of total catch of mullet). CPUE of two species of mullet; L. aurata and L. salienswere 69.6 and 1.1 mt purse seine, respectively. The catch of Salmo trutta caspius was negligible (about 3.6 mt). Biomass and MSY (maximum sustainable yield) of L. aurata were estimated to be 11019.8 and 3322.6 mt, respectively.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Mullet ; Bony Fish ; CPUE ; Species ; Length ; Weight ; Age ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Von Bertalanffy ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Liza aurata ; L.aurata
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    Comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi) (Activity 2: Investigation on Mnemiopsis leidyi diet in the Caspian Sea) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25091 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:12:26 | 25091 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali, Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m^2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m^2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gorgan Bay ; Bandar Tourkman ; Khazarabad ; Anzali ; Ctenophora ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Species ; Phylum ; Pelagic fishes ; Sampling ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Acartia ; Ctenophora ; Population ; Abundance
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    Determination of organic pollutants in sediment & some commercial species biota from eastern waters of Hormozgan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25264 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:59:10 | 25264 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This survey was conducted to determine the petroleum pollutants in sediment & some commercial aquatics of species in eastern waters of Hormozgan province during 2006-2008. We have selected 3 stations at 5, 10 and 20 meters depth in each of Sirik, Kuh-e-mobarak and Jask area. The selected biota were Penaeus indicus & Psettodes eruemi.Selected components of PAHs in sediment & biota samples were: Naphthalene (Na), Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Acenaphthene (AcP), Fluorene (FL), Phenantheren (PHEN), Anthracene (AN), Fluornthene (FLUR), Pyrene (PY), Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), Chrysene(CHRY), Benzo(b) fluoranthene (BaF), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), Dibenzo(a,h)anthrancene (dBAn), Benzo(ghi)perylene (BPe), Indeno (1,2.3-cd)pyrene (IcdP) . Our results were: Based to our results Bioaccumulation of PAHs didn't relate to sex and length of selected biota. Percent of naphthalene as a PAH with two rings has a significant difference against other PAHs in all areas. High ratio of HPAH to LPAH, show the combustion source of PAHs. Values for total PAHs at shrimp in Sirik, Kuh-e- mobarak & Jask area were 349.9 ±236.7, 809.1± 605.4 & 1015±1300.1 ng/g. Values for total PAHs at Psettodes eruemi, in Sirik, Kuh-e- mobarak & Jask area were 494 ±460.8, 1465.3±1678.2 and 292.3±400.7 ng/g respectively. In shrimp samples, the values for total PAHs had significant difference between Jask & Kuh e-mobarak, whereas for Psettodes eruemi, the significant difference was observed in Jask & Kuh-e-mobark. In sediment, concentration of total PAHs and their components didn't show any significant difference with area and depth of sampling at 95% confidence level. Average concentration of total PAHs and their components with 2, 3, 4, 5and 6 rings were 279.7±117.4, 4.5± 9.3, 6.2±7.1, 5.4±1.4, 263.6±113.9 respectively. Based to NOAA standards, pollution level of sediment is lower than ERL values.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan province ; Jask area ; Poly aromatic hydrocarbons ; PAH ; Oil pollution ; Sediment ; Psettodes eruemi ; Penaeus indicus ; Organic pollutants ; Species ; Biota ; Petroleum pollutants ; Aquatic
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    Identification and density determination of juvenile fishes in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25266 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:35:16 | 25266 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquatic animals possess specific biological characteristics and lifecycle. Without knowing about their biology and complete lifecycle, planning about their conservation cannot be effective. Following the previous studies on fish larvae in Khuzestan coastal waters this study was done to determination catch composition and density of juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters during 2007 to 2008. Studied area included two main fisheries ground, Lifeh-Busafe in west and Bahrekan in east coasts. Monthly random sampling was carried out by using shrimp trawl net with Akhtar vessel. Juvenile fish's means the fishes that completed their larval cycle and are look like their parents but have not been matured yet. The catch mean, biomass, CPUA and the stock size of different species were estimated by using Swept Area Method. Totally 101485 caught fishes included 38 families and 63 species. The most abundant trawled fishes were Thryssa vitriostris Leiognathus bindus Ilisha melastoma Penahia macrophthalmus and Johnius belangerii .These five species contain about 80 %, the species Arius dussumieri and Cynoglossus arel 4.5% and 3.2 % respectively and the others 12% of total caught fishes. In the east coasts the species L. bindus I. melastoma T. vitriostris P. macrophthalmus and in the west coasts the species P. macrophthalmus T. vitriostris J. belangerii and I.melastoma were the most abundant. Among 63 identified fish species , juvenile fishes of 23 species were observed which contain 26.4 % of total caught fishes .the fishes Arius dussumieri and Acantopagrus latus 100%, Liza subviridis, Leiognathus lineolatus and Triacantuhus biaculeatus more than 80 % and Pomadasys stridens Lagocephalus inermis Saurida tumbil and Thryssa vitrirostris more than 50 % were observed as juvenile stage. The most abundant juvenile fishes were T. vitrirostris L. bindus and Arius dussumieri respectively. The maximum (1852 kg/km^2) and the minimum (165 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in west coasts in July and December respectively. The maximum (2677 kg/km^2) and the minimum (153 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in east coasts in June and August respectively. The biomass showed a distinct peak in June and July in east and west coasts respectively. The highest diversity index in east (2/22) and west (2.36) coasts were obtained in July. In present study the number of identified fishes is more than previous studies. Juvenile fishes spend their sensitive period of lifecycle in Khuzestan coastal waters. After growing in late spring, fish larvae enter to the juvenile stage and select this productive area as nursery ground. Increasing of juvenile fishes in July is accordance with their reproduction season in studied area. The east coasts are deeper than the west and there are some differences in hydrological characteristics due to discharging of the rivers Bahmanshir and Arvandrood in west coasts. The peaks of abundance in east and west coasts were observed with a clear time interval. The higher CPUA in east coasts can be caused due to gradual migration of juvenile fishes from west to east during cold season.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan coastal waters ; Bahrekan ; Bahmanshir River ; Arvandrood River ; Juvenile fishes ; Bottom trawl ; Catch composition ; Biomass ; Aquatic ; Larvae ; Density ; Sampling ; CPUA ; Species ; L. bindus ; I. melastoma ; T. vitriostris ; P. macrophthalmus ; J. belangerii ; Migration ; Coastal waters ; Identification
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    Estimation of MSY on six species of commercially important demersal fishes in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (Hormuzgan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25274 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:40:17 | 25274 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Today, calculation of MSY is one of the necessary fisheries management in control and prevention of the fish population reduction and is obtained with different methods. This study has focused on six species of commercial fish, including Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot, Yellowfin seabream and Silver pomfret. The study was done monthly, from January 2007 to March 2008, in three fish landing regions including: Bandar Lengeh, Bandar Abbas and Qeshm Island (Slakh, Basydu and Chahoshrqy). Total 5163 Silver pomfret (Pompus argenteus), 1766 Javelin grunter (Pomadasys kaakan), 2151 John`s snapper (Lutjanus johnii), 3280 Tiger-toothed croaker (Otolithes ruber), 1628 Indian spiny turbot (Psettodes erumei) and the number of 759 Yellowfin seabream (Acnthopagrus latus) were assessed and length biometry has been done, monthly. In this study, two methods were used to determine the maximum sustainable yield (MSY): 1- virtual population analysis (Cohort analysis) 2- use of statistics and information that was estimated with two method, catch prediction and biomass (Standing stock). The results showed that in 2007, MSY value was estimated through catch prediction for Silver pomfret, Tigertoothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1354, 1116, 1099.6, 1045.5, 914.5 and 529.5 tons, respectively. Moreover, this estimation have been done through standing stock for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1215, 633, 1304, 878, 1095 and 441 tons, respectively; and through VPA for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1100, 850, 920, 732.5, 1002.3 and 403 tons, respectively. Amount of biomass (Standing Stock) was estimated for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 2530, 1172, 1738, 1689, 1470 and 1110 tons, respectively. In general, by assessing the obtained results for the studied species, except the fishing prediction results of the Javelin grunter and Tiger-toothed croaker species, which is less valuable due to the low correlation coefficient, it can be stated that except fishing pressure on John`s snapper and Tiger-toothed croaker, in other species studied, fishing conditions are in optimal situation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormuzgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Bandar Abbas ; Qeshm Island ; Silver pomfret ; Tiger-toothed croaker ; Javelin grunter ; John `s snapper ; Indian spiny turbot ; Yellowfin seabream ; Biomass ; MSY ; Species ; Demersal fishes
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    Identification of Kerman Fishes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25301 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:29:41 | 25301 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was performed as a research program in Agricultural Research center of Kerman since 2000. During one year identification of fish in qanat basins of Markazi desert and Sirjan desert was carried out. In this study Electroshoker and salik net with o.5 and 1 cm network and padel net with 1cm were used to catch the fishes from 73 series of qanat. Parameters estimated in qanats (pH, Weather Temperature, Oxygen , Ec,...) Specified in sum 767 from fishes which were in 2 order 3 family and 3 species as: 1-Order: Cypriniformes. Family: Cyprinidaea Species: Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1849) family: Balitoridaeb species: Schistura sargadensis (Nikolskii, 1900) 2-Order: Cyprinodontiforms Family: Poecilidaea Species: Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853)
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Kerman ; Sirjan ; Qanats ; Fish ; Capoeta damascina ; Gambusia affinis ; Schistura sargadensis ; pH ; Weather Temperature ; Oxygen ; Species ; Cypriniformes ; Cyprinidaea ; Balitoridaeb ; Cyprinodontiforms ; Poecilidaea ; Identification
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    Stock assessment of the bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2007-2010) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25316 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:49:32 | 25316 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In the years 2007-2007, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 the exploitation of bony fishes resources (by 131 beach seines) started on 12 October but finished on 9 April, 9 April and 13 April, respectively. During these periods the total catch of bony fishes were 23537.8, 20045.5 and 18664.8 tonnes, respevtively. During these periods, kutum predominated and represented the highest proportion of total catch at 73.1, 74.0 and 66.9% , followed by golden grey mullet at 18.3, 13.9 and 18.7%, respectively. K values calculated 0.22, 0.15 and 0.14 year-1 and L∞ were 66.0, 62.7 and 70.0 cm for kuttum, golden grey mullet and common carp, respectively. The instantaneous coefficient natural mortality were estimated as 0.386 and 0.35 year-1 for kutum and golden grey mullet, respectively. During three periods, the exploitation rates were 0.789, 0.584 and 0.614 for kutum and 0.71, 0.75 and 0.61 for golden grey mullet, respectively. In the years 2007-2007, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, the total biomass, from the biomass-based cohort analysis were 56600, 62090 and 61590 tonnes for kutum and and MSY estimated about 24733.7 and 8550.4 tones for kuttum and 11040, 11900 and 14460 tonnes for golden grey mullet, respectively. The ABC (acceptable biological catch) were estimated as 8000 and 2200 tonnes.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Bony fishes ; Growth ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Acceptable biological catch ; Kutum ; Golden grey mullet ; Common carp ; Coastal waters
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    Cold pasteurization of rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with gamma rays and shelf life assessment at refrigerated condition (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25320 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:47:39 | 25320 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma rays on shelf life and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerating condition. Quality and shelf life of non-irradiated and irradiated (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy) Rainbow trout stored at +4 C was investigated by measurement of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis .Irradiation of fillets was performed by gamma rays from a Co60 source. Microbial counts for non-irradiated trout fillet samples were higher than respective irradiated fish. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values was increased from 7 mg/100 g for non-irradiated to 52.7 mg/100 g after 15 days storage at refrigerator, whereas for irradiated fish lower values of 39.4, 37.6, 28.7, 25.6, 24.8 and 23.2 mg/100 g were recorded at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy, respectively (day 15).initial amount of peroxide value in non irradiated sampleswas 0.8 meq/kg and was increased to 7 meq/kg (7 day).Highest amount of peroxide after irradiation process was belonged to samples irradiated by 4.5 kGy (1.5 meq/kg). Also, total viable count of irradiated samples were decreased significantly (p〈0.05). On nutritional aspect, results showed that total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p〈0.001) with increasing irradiation dose , so that the control sample and fish muscles that irradiated with 4.5 kGy had the lowest and highest amounts of total saturated fatty acids (20.454 ± 0.011% and 19.228 ± 0.040% , respectively). The amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in irradiated samples were significantly lower than control sample (p〈0.001) and amounts of total monounsaturated (MUFAs) were significantly higher than control samples (p〈0.001). The results were indicated that the highest content of MUFAs and PUFAs were in samples irradiated with 3.75kGy (37.783± 0.092 %) and control samples (37.677± 0.104 %), respectively .The lowest level of MUFAs and PUFAs were in control samples (36.596 ± 0.024%) and 4.5 kGy (36.459 ± 0.047%), respectively. Altogether, results of this study were determined that irradiation treatment changes significantly the fatty acid composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout muscle (P〈0.001). Overall, irradiation of fillet by 3.75 kGy had best results on increasing shelf life of fillet at refrigerator (between 11-15 days) and had no advers effect on fatty acid composition of Rainbo trout fillet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Irradiation ; Rainbow trout ; Fillet ; Shelf Life ; Fatty acid ; Refrigerator ; Pasteurization ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Gamma Rays ; Samples
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    Planning and establishment of the laboratory information database system for Iranian fisheries research organization (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25328 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:49:43 | 25328 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Due to lack of access to comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding equipment, personnel, laboratory services tariffs and chemicals in the laboratories of Iran Fisheries Research Institute and felt the necessity of having this information for optimal management of the laboratories, it was decided with regard to all information needs in this area and using previous experiences in this regard as well as the experiences of other institutions and related organizations at the national (and even international) level, the system would be designed. The main purpose of implementing this plan was to establish and implement a software system based on web technology to create a comprehensive database of the Fisheries Research Institute's laboratories, so that in addition to organizing information, using periodic reports on various related areas a more appropriate monitoring and management system could be applied. Fortunately, after the design and implementation stages, the system in early January 2011 was fully applicable. The main parts of this system include portal; database; advanced data entry, search and reporting capabilities; direct tests order system and discussion forums.
    Keywords: Information Management ; Iran ; Laboratories ; Information Database System ; Fisheries ; Chemical ; Portal ; Iranian Fisheries Research Organization
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    The study of annual cycle of gonads developments and sex steroids of gray mullet, Mugil cephalus in Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25319 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:09:09 | 25319 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus is one of the most famous and valuable fish on the fisheries and aquaculture industry. This species is the most suitable to introducing the southern, northern and central regions of our country due to high resistant to large variation of water salinity and temperature. On the monthly sampling period biometric data including total length and total weight recorded and length and weight classes for every sex were determined. To understanding of physiological functions and sexual development of reproductive organs, this investigation carried out with Grey mullet imported from Hong Kong by 1993. Findings of this research can be used for management of artificial breeding of this species. Daily variation of pond water temperature was recorded. Sex steroid hormones and other plasma metabolites such as Ca^2+, cholesterol, triglycerides and total proteins were measured by blood sampling. Gonad samples were prepared in order to histological studies. Oocyte growth was studied by measurement of egg diameters. Measured values of cholesterol, triglycerides of blood plasma revealed that these metabolites have seasonal variation and severely deposited on the summer and mobilized on the spawning seasons. Findings of this research suggested that egg diameters, values of sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) and Calcium concentrations of fish blood plasma shortening increased a long with day length shortening.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan province ; Mugil cephalus ; Sex steroid hormones ; Plasma metabolites ; Gonads ; Gray mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Species ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Sampling ; Estradiol ; Progesterone ; Calcium
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    Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25329 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:03 | 25329 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project were investigated seasonally from march 2008 up to one year, in southern Caspian Sea iranian coast /Sampling was carried out at 8 stations of between 5 and 100 m depth and taken in triple with a 0/1m² van Veen grab/Total twenty four species and one family and one order were identified, presenting low dominance and frequency/ polychaeties 56%,oligochaetes 39% bivalves 〈1% amphipodes1% Cumacea and diptera and cirrepedia %1 of whole macrobenthos compositions/ Polychaetes and oligochaeta dominated, representing 95% of the whole fauna/Average of species were 11/8 species per grab/max 21 species / grab were found in Tonkabon stations at 100 meter depths and minmum 4 species/grab in 20 m in Bandar anzali /Maxmiun density were 4783 n/m^2 in spring and minmum 3177 n/m^2 in winter/Highest density were recorded in Amirabad stations and lowest in nooshar/ Maximum density showed in east, mimun in middle area of sea The biomass of benthos adventages in west/Average biomass of whole area were 6/932 gr/m^2/Mean total organic matter were 3/11±1/1 and silt- clay 62/92±6/12precent and Mean dissolve oxygen and salinity were 8/3±0/15 mg/l and salinity 12/2 ±0/4 ppm and water tempreture were 14/9±0/18ْC/ Mean grain size, fine sand, very fine sand, silt and clay contents were among the main factors related to the patterns of macrofaunal distribution, density and diversity and dominance of trophic groups.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Tonkabon ; Bandar Anzali ; Macrobenthos ; Disturbiotion ; Diversity ; Productions ; Survey ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Macrobenthic Fauna ; Sampling ; Species ; Polychaeties ; Oligochaetes ; Bivalves ; Dissolved oxygen ; Salinity ; Temperature
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    Hydrology, hydrobiology and environmental pollution study of the southern of Caspian Sea basin (10-100 meter depth) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25335 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:23 | 25335 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to study of Hydrology, Hydrobiology and Environmental pollution in the southern of the Caspian Sea. 33 stations were selected from Astara (in the west) to Hassan gholi (in the east). In each station, sampling carried out at suface, 10, 20, 50 and 100m depths. Sampling was performed during four seasons in 2004. Sampling stations also divided into three regions, including west (from Astara to Ramsar), middle (from Ramsar to Sari) and east (from Amirabad to Hassengholi). The results showed that maximum of water temperature was 24 ?C at summer in the eastern region while the minimum of water temperature in winter season has been 9.7 ?c in the western region. The average of dissolved oxygen concontration in spring, summer, autumn and winter season were 6.9 , 6.6, 8.2 and 6.7 mg/l , respectively. The maximum value of salinity was observed in spring (13.55 ppt) and minmum value in winter (8.24 ppt). The average of total nitrogen concentration were season was 711, 884, 583 and 669 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter repectively. The average of total phosphorus concentration was 27.9, 37.1 and 42.6 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The average of dissolved silica concentration has varied from 167 to 923.6 µg/l. The five phyla of phytoplankton have identified. The most species diversity was observed in winter (70 species) but the low species diversity has obtained in autumn. The most phytoplankton population was in spring and summer seasons. The cell abundance of phytoplankton in different seasons was fluctuated from 3914*103 to 17337*103 ind/m^3. In addition, the phytoplankton biomas was varied 11.4 to 30.7 mg/l. Result showed that distribution of phytoplankton are varied at different areas, layer, seasons and stations. The average of cell abundance of zooplanktons was varied from 2023 to 12364 and/m^3 at different seasons. The mean of bioman varied from 9.40 to 43.48 mg/l. In this study, 17 species and one class of macrobenthos were identified. The frequency of Annelida and Biovalvia was higher than all macrobenthos. The average of macrobenthos was 1218±851 ind/m^2 and their biomass was 14±15 g/l. The average of PAHs concentration were 0.038, 0.028 and 0.21 mg/l in spring , summer and winter, respectively. The decending trend of heavy metal concentration were Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Co〉Cd〉Cu at different seasons in 2004. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) components in three regions of sampling zone such as , -BHC (middle), β,-BHC (middle), DDT (east) and dieldrin (east part) were 88.3, 35.0, 74.3 & 79.1 g/l during spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Physo-chemical parameters ; Plankton ; Benthos ; Enviromental Pollutions ; Hydrology ; Hydrobiology ; Sampling ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Dissolved silica ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass
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    LHRH-A implantation on reproductive cycle of Iranian sturgeon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25341 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:10:43 | 25341 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is one of most commercially important sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea and it is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian sea. Most of its populations distributed around the south coast of the sea and also the most Iranian caviar production belonged to this species. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions as the natural reproduction places the stocks of the fish is decreasing and that is why the Islamic republic of Iran releases millions of its fingerlings to the rivers that end to the sea to stock restoration. With regard to the high expenses of the artificial propagation and fingerlings production, finding and creation of better output will play an important role to decrease the production expenditures. Now days, the decrease in the natural stocks of broodstocks and also the low quality and immature caught broodstocks are the fundamental problems which the industry of sturgeon mass production faces. These not fully matured brooders do not response the hormonal induction processes at the sturgeon hatcheries (because they do not reach to final maturation and some of them having polarization index greater than 10) and large numbers of the caught and transported brooders to the hatcheries will not produce any fry (as the data distributed and published by the sturgeon hatcheries about the production techniques). The main objective of the research study is to apply a new method for artificial reproduction (LHRH-A implantation) to gain the best output from the Iranian sturgeon brooders caught and transported from the Caspian Sea which will be done for the first time on sturgeons and there is not still any report of the application of this procedure (LHRH-A implantation) over these kinds of fishes. Most published report on the method belonged to the teleosts.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; LHRH-A ; Implantation ; Iranian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Species ; Population ; Caviar ; Species ; Fingerlings ; Artificial propagation ; Broodstocks ; Hatcheries ; Brooders
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    Propagation and stock enhancement of silver pomfret (Pamus argenteus) in the north west of Persian Gulf (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25359 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:37:31 | 25359 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larvae were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larvae were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan province ; Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 81
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    Evaluation of restocking program in north Alborz (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25353 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:04 | 25353 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculture and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. These areas (North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions, and production time table. Survey was started from 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces. Results reviled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Gorgan ; North Alborz ; Stock Enhancement ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Bony fishes ; Sturgeon fishes ; Restocking ; Aquatic ; Culture ; Aquaculure ; Fisheries ; Breeding ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    The study of possible biotechniques and normative to production some species of Anostraca (Phallocryptus spinosa) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25363 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:46:07 | 25363 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps (Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l, when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concentration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l), respectively. In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compared to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst, decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts, 273.2±4.9µ, 242.4±3.8µ and 542.6±27.0 µ, respectively. The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively. The highest hatching was observed on 5th day at 15 ◦C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore, water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species. The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was better when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensitive cysts. In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦C (42%) and lowest at 25◦C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦C. In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity= 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity= 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore, regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico– chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expansion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity, culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; East Azarbaijan province ; Fairy Shrimps ; Phallocryptus spinosa ; Hatching ; Culture ; Biotechnique ; Species ; Anostraca ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Phylla ; Feeding ; Survival rate ; Mortality ; Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Determing some important extracted materials, such as: Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium, Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) in coastal area of Sistan and Baluochestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25376 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:34:10 | 25376 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was determined some important extracted materials, Such as : Alginates of sodium & calcium and alginic acid in three species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum illicifolium , Cystoseira indica and Nizimuddinia zanardinii) during in different season in 1387 in coastal erea of Sistan and Baluochestan Provience. At First seaweeds sample were colected from sea beach and transferd to lab, so washed in fresh water and dried in the sun. So were under Alkaloid extraction with sodium carbonate (5 Persent), that were obtined fluid after filteration. The sodium alginate fibers extracted from fluid were combined by Alcohol. The calacium alginate fibers were deposited by calacium chlorids (5%) and Alginic acid resulted with chloridric acid (1N). The extraction yield of sodium alginate, calacium alginate and alginic acid in different samples of seaweeds with following Explaination: The presentage we have got, can be said , the present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 28.4±2 , 28.9±2 , 27.2±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 19.7±1.4, 18.6±1.4, 19.2±1.3 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 23.4±1.5, 23.8±1.5 , 20.6±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 33.7±0.5, 33.7±0.8, 33.1±1 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 28.8±1.5, 27.4±1, 27.4±1.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 35.9±2.8, 23.9±1.5 , 35.9±2.8 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Spring season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ): 19.2±1.6 , 25.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.1 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Spring in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 16.8±1.2, 15.8±1.1, 16.4±1 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Spring were 19.2±1.6, 19.6±1.7 , 18.4±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar ) Respectively: 20.8±1, 21±1, 27.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 13.2±1, 14.1±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 16.7±2.1, 15.3±1.3 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 29.5±2.1 , 29.7±2 , 28.3±2.2 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 20.2±0.9, 20±0.7 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 25.3±2.3, 29.7±2 , 23.1±1.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Summer season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 19.5±0.7 , 19.7±0.6 , 18.7±0.7 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Summer in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21±1.1, 11.5±1.4, 11.1±1.5 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Summer were 14.8±1.3, 15.3±1.3 , 14.6±1 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 31.5±4.3, 31.6±4.8, 29.4±4.8 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 23±2.7, 21.4±2.8, 21.4±2.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.8±2.2, 26.4±2.1 , 23.4±1.9 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 43.3±1.6, 42.8±2.7, 41.7±2.9 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 34.3±5.9, 32.4±5.5, 30.9±5.2 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 50±7.1, 50.2±7.5, 45.6±5.2 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in Autumn season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 28±3.8, 28±3.5, 26±3.9 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Autumn in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 20.2±1.8, 19.2±2.1, 18.7±1.6 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Autumn were 25.9±3, 26.1±2.9, 24.6±3.6 in these three areas. The present average of sodium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar) Respectively: 35±1.6, 35.2±1.8 , 33.8±1.9 present, the present average of sodium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 24.1±2, 22.9±1.2, 23.3±0.7 present and the present average of sodium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 28.2±1.3, 29.2±1.7, 26.2±1.8 in these three areas. The present average of calacium alginate at Sargassum in Winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 45.6±1.9, 45±2, 44.6±2.5 present, the present average of calacium alginate at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 38.2±2.8, 35.9±3.4, 35.6±3.5 present and the present average of calacium alginate at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 56.4±3.5, 56±3.5, 51.8±2.5 in these three areas. The present average of Alginic acid at Sargassum in winter season in three areas (Chabahar, Tang and Pasabandar): 31.8±1.2, 32.1±0.9, 30.9±1.2 present, the present average of Alginic acid at Cystoseira in Winter in three areas at above mentioned goes in this way: 21.1±1.2, 20.4±1.4, 19.3±1.4 present and the present average of Alginic acid at Nizimuddinia in Winter were 26.4±2.1, 27±2.2, 24.6±2.2 in these three areas. The more amount of calacium alginate in Autumn can be found at Nizimuddinia in Tang area , wite amount of 50.2 present and the lates amount of Alginic acid at Cystoseira can be found in Summer with 11.1 present. If the Alginic acid become more than 20 present, it can be economical, that it can be showed more than 20 present in Autumn and Winter. According to this results, One way ANOVA showed that average of Alginates were not similar and significant differences ( P〈0.05 ) between species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluochestan Provience ; Chabahar ; Tang ; Alginic acid ; Species ; Brown seaweeds ; Sargassum illicifolium ; Cystoseira indica ; Nizimuddinia zanardinii ; Chloridric acid ; ANOVA ; Sodium ; Calcium ; Seaweeds
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    Ecological study on fisheries important rivers and bays in the south part of the Caspian Sea 2nd phase: Gorgan Bay (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25385 | 18721 | 2018-09-18 05:58:09 | 25385 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total), Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH_3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11. Biomass (mgr/m^3) and numbers (ind./m^3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m^3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 million respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m^3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million (ind/ m^3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m^3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5. The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m^3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m^3 Table 4. Also numbers and biomass (gr/m^2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m^2) and March (0.6428 gr/m^2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gorgan Bay ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
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  • 85
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    Study propagation methods of endemic shrimp species of Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25399 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:06:05 | 25399 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Primary researches on Persian Gulf Shrimp Propagation conducted at 1984 in Boushehr Research Center. Peneaus semisulcatus propagated for first time in Iran, in laboratory scale. In the later years, other endemic species such as P.merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis and penaeus indicus candidated for aquaculture, and various researches on propagation and PL production conducted. Various research projects carried out in southern research centers have been considered in this report, and results of propagation for each species and methods of PL production have been involved. By the results, it is possible to propagate all above mentioned species in controlled condition, and by development of hatcheries, PL requirement for shrimp farms could be provided.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Boushehr province ; Endemic shrimps ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Penaeus merguiensis ; Propagation ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries
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  • 86
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    The study on fishing and resource management of kilka fisheries within southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25405 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:38:52 | 25405 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of the Study on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea was conducted on the base of an agreement made between fisheries organization (Shilat) and the Iranian fishery research organization (IFRO) signed in 2010. The study has several phases. The final report of the fishery on fishing and resource management of fisheries within Southern Caspian Sea (Gilan, Mazandaran & Golestan provinces) is consisted of several sections such as: 1- The Survey status of biology and catch of Kilka fishes , Bony fishes and Estrogen fishes and also the status of aquatic resource conservation in the Southern part of Caspian Sea 2- Fishing analysis in the Southern part of Caspian Sea 3- Fisheries development Strategies, policies and plans in the Southern part of Caspian Sea In this survey and library-based study, internal and external environmental factors of shilat activities are considered. Using SWOT analysis method, current situation of fisheries is investigated. In this regard, all fisheries activities were divided into four groups, then, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and treats of internal and external environment will be analyzed. A considerable number of tables and matrixes were prepared and policies and strategies as seen of final report were carried out.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gilan province ; Mazandaran Province ; Golestan Province ; Resource management ; IFRO ; Shilat ; Fishing ; Kilka ; Fisheries ; Survey ; Biology ; Bony fishes ; Estrogen ; Environmental factors
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    Effect of Satureja hortensis extracted oil on Aspergillus flavusin fish feed (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25406 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 15:54:54 | 25406 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In a preliminary study, the antifungal properties of essential oil of Satureja hortensis at different tenderness were tested on potato – dextrose agar (PDA). The fungus Aspergillus flavus PTCC 5006 was isolated from pistachio nut obtained from Rafsanjan area, Iran. Among the essential oil compounds, 500 ppm concentration was completely inhibited Aspergillus flavus growth. After determination of the most effective concentration, it was added to fish feeds compound which inhibited fungal growth and production of aflatoxin. Its concentration was determined as 500 ppm and over of essential oil of Satureja hortensis. The essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analyzed by means of GC-MS and their effective factors were evaluated for fish feeds and their results are shown in tables.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Antifungal properties ; Satureja hortensis ; Aspergillus flavus ; Fish feeds ; Feed ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 88
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    Analyzing the effects of aquaculture and rebuild aquatics stocks on fisheries development in the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25412 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 15:56:29 | 25412 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Using SWOT analysis with traditional matrix and quantitative matrix methods, the strategies to benefit from strengths and opportunities to vanishing weaknesses and decrease of threats for strategic management of aquaculture in Iranian Northern provinces was surveyed. Utilizing researches held in fisheries research centers and existence of aquaculture experts in vicinity, activation of veterinary organization in production and post production, and entering new brood stocks with desirable growth are the main strategies for developing rainbow trout and Chinese carps culture in Iranian Northern provinces. In sturgeon fishes culture, independence of farms from fingerlings produced by governmental complex and diversification the cultured fishes using new species and hybrids can develop this part of aquaculture. Avoiding illegal fishing in sea and rivers, preserving the population of Caspian Sea fishes, entering new fish species which their resources are decreased extremely to breeding and fingerling production cycle, and using pike perch and bream while they migrate to Anzali Lagoon from Caspian Sea, instead of freshwater brood stocks will cause the output of sea enhancement and sea ranching activities to increase, and fisheries return coefficient of these fishes will rise. Using quantitative matrix and scoring method, it was defined that aquaculture in Iranian Northern provinces are extremely approved and acceptable and the score of strengths is more than weaknesses and opportunities more than threats. By using strategic management, these activities can be more developed.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; SWOT ; Strategic management ; Aquaculture ; Sea enhancement ; Sea ranching ; Traditional matrix ; Quantitative matrix ; Fisheries ; Survey ; Culture ; Species ; Illegal fishing
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  • 89
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    Feasibility study on semi intensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Khozestan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25424 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:21:43 | 25424 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to diversify the production of carp (Cyprinid) in Iran, in 2010 September, 15,000 pieces of fry from three species of indian major carp were arrived to Iran. After subtraction of the dead fishes, finally 10,500 fry were introduced to 700 m2 ponds with a density 3,500 pieces, which includes 46. 7 % Catla, (Catla catla), 35 % Rohu (Labeo rohita) and 18. 3% Mrigal Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Primary average weight and length of these fishes were 0.3±0.0 g and 23.6±0.75 mm for Rohu, 0.1±0.0 g and 33.26±0.35 for catla and 0.16±0.01 g and 34.8±0.96 mm in Mrigal respectively. Fish were reared in the Khuzestan province's climate with at least 7°C and a maximum temperature of 35°C. The culture period was 6 month. Once every 45 days by using signebeach net samples were taken from ponds and biometry tests were done. The maximum net production was observed at 50% situated treatment, with average weight 723.3 kg per 1700 m^2 ponds (4254.9 kg ha). There is no significant differences between experimental treatments with each other and with control (P 〈0. 05). Mean final weight of Rohu in 3 experimental treatments were 1136, 1129, 1054 g and in Catla and Mrigal were 726,902, 839 g and 773, 788, 894. There was not significant diference between them (P〈0.05). Survival rate in Rohu, Catla and Mrigal was 92%, 97% and 86% respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (SGR) of fish related to Catla (1.92) and the minimum SGR of fish was observed in Mrigal (1.45). In accordance with the results of this study, the Indian carp fishes can able to adapt, grow and reach to market weight in the Khuzestan province's weather conditions.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Indian carp ; SGR ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Chainess crap ; Cyprinid ; Species ; Temperature ; Survival rate
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  • 90
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    The study of diversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25413 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:08 | 25413 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Gilan with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at 8 transect in the southern Caspian sea. Transects were located at Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10,20,50and 100m. Samples were taken in 4 seasons (in each season 64 samples) in 2009. In this study 23 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 8 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 8 species of Cladocera. The meroplankton blonged to 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae. The annual results revealed that the maximum abundance of Copepoda were 3612±4839 ind/m^3 and 35/75±42/81 mg/m^3 in summer and decreased gradually since autumn and reached to minimum value in winter. The maximum abundance of Cladocera was 300± 383 ind/m^3 in spring and reached to less than 4 ind/m^3 in summer and autumn. The Rotatoria had high population (3775± 8632 ind/m^3) in winter which consisted the zooplankton population with Copepoda. The Protozoa had no efficient role in zooplankton population of Caspian sea during the year. The zooplankton population was affected by Meroplankton and Lamellibranchiata larvae in spring and winter. The Copepoda contributed in zooplankton population only in summer and autumn. The maximum zooplankton abundance and biomass were in 5m depth which included 10209±8352 ind/m^3 and 43.56±26.08mg/m^3 in spring, 8545±7127 ind/m^3 and 73.59±56.65 mg/m3 in summer (10 m depth), 8427±6711 ind/m^3 and 43.15± 29.59 mg/m3 in autumn and 24426±26975 ind/m^3 and 334.25±392.21 mg/. m3 in winter which decresed from surface to depth. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 5119±6018 ind/m^3 in east and 28.59±24.79 mg/m^3 in central area in spring, 6628±7117 ind/m^3 in west area and 50.73±59.52 mg/m^3 in central area in summer, 5248±5489 ind/m^3 and 31/16 ±31/22 mg/ m^3 in west area in autumn and 11588±16191 ind/m^3 and 131.02±193.61 mg/ m^3 in west area in winter. The annual statistical analysis reveals that there is significant difference between Copepoda and Cirripedia population among seasons, sampling stations, depth and sampling layer (Kruskalwallis test, p〈0.05) and the total zooplankton populatin had no significant difference only between seasons (Kruskal-wallis test, p〉0.05). The Cladocera, Lamellibranchiata larvae and the Rotatoria had significant difference between seasons only (Kruskal-wallis test, p〈0.01).
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Noshahr ; Babolsar ; Zooplankton ; Copepoda ; Meroplankton ; Survey ; Plankton ; Samples ; Species ; Cladocera ; Meroplankton ; Balanus sp. ; Lamellibranchiata ; Larvae
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  • 91
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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  • 92
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    The study abundance, distribution and diversity of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25468 | 18721 | 2018-10-02 10:04:52 | 25468 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Guilan ship with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at different stations and depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100m in 4 seasons of 2010. In this study, 16 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 4 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 4 species of Cladocera from Holoplanktons and 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae from Meroplanktons. The annual results revealed that the mean abundance of zooplankton were 5477±5815 ind/m^3 and 5131±7908 ind/m^3 in spring and winter respectively which were more than other seasons but the maximum biomass (64/58±124/61mg/m^3 ) was in winter that was affected by Rotatoria. The maximum mean abundance and biomass of Copepoda were in summer that were 2830±2342 ind/m^3 and 22/52±21/78 mg/m^3 ,respectively and the abundance decreased gradually since autumn and reached the least in winter but increased since spring. The mean maximum abundance of Cladocera (115 ±142 ind/m^3) was in spring but it decreased gradually, so it reached to less than 3 ind/m^3 in summer. The Protozoa constituted the least community and biomass of zooplankton in southern area of Caspian Sea. The zooplankton community also was affected by Meroplanktons including Cirripedia and Lamellibranchiata Larvae in spring and the Rotatoria contributed highly in zooplankton community in winter with the mean abundance and biomass of 2604±5876 ind/m^3 and 50/71±115/33 mg/m^3 respectively.Other than Copepoda, other planktonic groups contributed lowly in zooplankton community. It was observed the reduction trend in abundance from surface depths to deeper depths in whole of the year. There were 75% of zooplankton community in stations with 5 to 20m depth and 25% of community in stations with 50 to 100m depth in spring, and also 74% in stations with 5 to 20m depth and 26% in stations with 50 to 100m depth in summer, 73% in stations with 5 to 20m depth and 27% in stations with 50 to 100m depth in autumn and 85% in stations with 5 to 20m depth and 15% in stations with 50 to 100m depth in winter. In analysis of different area of southern basin of Caspian sea the maximum abundance was observed in west in spring, summer and winter which were 7514±8115 ind/m^3, 3909±2609 ind/m^3 and 8129±11587 ind/m^3, respectively. There was 2283±2134 ind/m^3 in center area in autumn. The annual statistical analysis revealed that, there was significant difference in total zooplankton community between sampling stations, depths and layers in whole of the year.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Zooplankton ; Meroplankton ; Species ; Abundance
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  • 93
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    Identification and density determination of jelly zooplanktons in Khuzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25472 | 18721 | 2018-10-02 10:22:13 | 25472 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Recently, we have been encountered to increasing jellyfish biomass in the world tropical coastal waters and due to their role in ecosystem food web, can be made direct and indirect effects on marine stocks and causing problems for fisherman’s communities. Now, the number of studies on this animal groups and factors which caused to jellyfish bloom has been increased. Present study was carried out for identification and density estimation of jellyfishes in the East and West coasts of Khure-Musa canal in Khuzestan coastal waters in North-West of Persian Gulf. Monthly samples were collected by two sampling methods from randomly sites in studied area in day light during February 2007 to January 2008. Small jellyfishes were collected by using 500 micron mesh net and density was calculated as number per 10 square meters. Large jellies were collected by using shrimp trawl net and quantity measurements were done by swept area methods. Totally, 18 species including 9 hydromedusae, 2 Scyphomedusae, 3 Siphonophorae and two Ctenophores were identified. Generally from 5357 separated small jellyfish, 56.6 % was from East and 43.4 % was from west coasts. Ctenophore, Pleurobranchia (31%) and then the Hydromedusa Eiren hexanemalis (22%) were the most abundant taxa. The maximum number of jellyfish (1080 per 10m^2) was observed in western coasts in July and then decrease in summer and autumn. In contrast to Eastern coasts, the highest frequency (655 per 10 m^2) was observed in western coasts in September. Two peaks of frequency in May-June and in summer to fall were observed in this area. The highest frequency of macro jellyfishes were in July and mostly in East coasts (2811 per km^2). During February 2007 to February 2008 Catostylos tagi and Chrysoara hysocello were dominated. Monthly jellyfish abundance variation showed inverse relation between Eastern and Western coasts. The maximum diversity was in August in Eastern coast and July in Western coasts. The minimum values were calculated in winter months in two areas. Obviously, with increasing jellyfish abundance, in summer months, fish larvae population decreased. Jellyfish explosion can be caused by several factors, fishing pressure and removing top predators from food web, climate change, global warming and eutrophication phenomena are defined as the major factors in jellyfish bloom in worldwide tropical coastal waters. Therefore human activities enhance the occurrence of this phenomenon. Recent drought, decreasing freshwater input, increasing waste discharge and overfishing are probable causes for jelly blooms in Khuzestan coastal waters.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan province ; Khure-Musa ; Jellyfish ; Eiren hexanemalis ; Catostylos tagi ; Density ; Zooplanktons ; Biomass ; Marine ; Species ; Hydromedusae ; Scyphomedusae ; Siphonophorae ; Population
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  • 94
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    Determination of catchability bony-fish and optimized exploitation in the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25158 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 17:02:34 | 25158 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To accomplish the stock assessment that pre-planned for bony-fish resources investigation started by considering two pivotal act. First gathering biometric data and second using catch statistics information for stock analyses. Implementing the research programmes five itinerant groups in Anzali, Keyashahr, Noshahar, Babolsar, Torkaman have been organized during fishing season. The biometric data were supplied in computer that distincted by each fish species and subdivided into age groups. In analyses the samples, Bertalanffy formula used for calculating average length and age, also for growth coefficient. Total mortality rate calculated by using Pauly formula, and the biomass status estimated through Cohort analysis. The catch by beach seiner cooperatives recorded 8630 metric tons, but estimation including. Poacher catch raised the harvest to 15.6 thousand tons. The total catch of Kutum reduced by 1400 tons compared with previous year, but the estimation revealed the biomass of Kutum 18.5 thousand tones, the stock stowed reduction in quantity relative to past years. Harvest exceeding the limit, fishing pressure. And employing higher fishing effort, combining releasing the Kutum seedling with shorter average length in recent years, leaded the shrinkage of biomass of Kutum resources. The Golden Grey mullet catch has been estimated 3437 metric tons, the figure showed 1500 tons increment, in comparison with previous year, nearly 24% of catch was shorter than Lm50% of this species. In Guilan province higher number of sub - size golden mullet captured, this development occured less in Mazandaran and Golestan province. Higher rate of exploitation, reduction of catch in recent years, dominating small size fish in catch composition indicated the population undergoing stress in ecosystem. Thin - lipped grey mullet only comprised 9.2% of the mullet catch - Length - structure of this fish species population formed mainly by young small size fish, the biomass of latter estimated 1100 metric tons. Catch further than maximum sustainable yield, by higher exploitation rate, and gradual diminishing of harvest, represented the resources of this fish species suffering both by high fishing pressure and un - sustainable effort, which ultimately declined the fishery of this fish species. Carp catch and its resources in Anzali region become very low, it is necessary to enhance the stock by Sea-ranching programmes. The carp resources in Gorgan region enjoy better status, but catch practices do not compatible with rule and regulation in Gorgan and Gomeyshan area. The standing stock of Gorgan carp estimated nearly 6000 tons. The information concerning carp resources indicate the stock experiencing pressure and likely the catch will diminish in future. The total catal catch of carp calculated 1900 tons. In recent years the Caspian roach resources are increasing but the bulk of harvest fished illegally and by gill - nets. The total catch of the roach during 1998-1999 estimated 1700 tons. Considering the semi - artificial propagation of roach in Golestan province, if has been concluded the multiplication of this fish species also should be planned by fisheries authorities for Anzali region. It is also advisable catching of this fish species to be regulated soon and selective catch are proposed. The catch of pike - perch during the year of 1997 - 98 jumped to 95 tons, but 90% of catch formed by young fish or sub – standard length size. Almost, all the increment of catch attributed to the releasing of millions of seedlings in the Sea which the plan has been implemented by Iranian Fisheries. Increasing the numbers of released seedlings, with higher average weight Identification of most suitable site for unloading the fries could ensure better survival rate and contribute the enhancement of resources and produce good catch for this desirable fish species. The total catch of Bream hit 18 tons, but most of the catch comprised by young fish with sub - standard size. The present formation of fisheries population of bream are the result of seedling releasing! In the Sea by Iranian Fisheries, since the catch of bream are negligible despite releasing programmes of seedling in a decade which 14million individuals until now, one could conclude the programmes do not contributed effectively to stock rehabilitation. The Caspian Barbus (Barbus brachycephalus) are at the threshold 01 vanishing, at present a few numbers are caught, therefore B.capito appeared in catch composition. The catch of latter species in recent two years are increasing. Total catch during the year of 1998 - 99 estimated 34.5 tons, biomass calculated 93 tons. Caspian vimba are small size fish which beach seiner (mesh size in bosom 30 millimeters) could not capture them ideally, bulk of the catch caught in illegal manner by gill nets. The total catch estimated 154 tons which the present fishing procedures surpassed total allowable catch (136 tons). In recent years the catch of this fish species are increasing. "Shemaya' similar in size with Vimba are caught less by beach seiner, illegal catch are considerable, the total catch in 1998 - 99 estimated 86 tons. The level of harvesting of this fish species are increasing in recent years and its population size become significant relative to last years. The main part of catch concerning Aspius fish species occured in Guilan coastal area, high fishing pressure reduced the population size, including low discharge of water in rivers during spawning period, impact negatively to reproduction. Catch statistic in 1989 showed 128 tons of this fish species are caught but in 1998 - 99 it has been reduced to 6.8 tons. It has been suggested artificial spawning could prevent its fate as endangering species. Caspian salmon catch estimated 78 tons during 1998 - 99, salmon population in Caspian Sea are supported by releasing reared smolts, which in recent years nearly 500 thousands fingerlings released in suitable rivers. After banning the gill nets application in Southern Caspian Sea, the catch of salmon in beach seining are increasing. It is necessary the released smolts in rivers being protected for its safe approach to Caspian Sea. The total catch of herring fish species in 1998 - 99 were nearly 700 tons. The bulk of the catch occur In Guilan fishing area, elimination of gill - nets usage in Southern Caspian Sea contributed the increment of herrings catch in beach seining. The herring resources in Caspian Sea reduced relative to past decades. The catch during 1913 – 1916 ranged between 130 - 160 thousand tons, in Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran Province ; Golestan Province ; Anzali ; Noshahar ; Babolsar ; Stock assessment ; Bony-fish ; Fishing ; Species ; Samples ; Growth ; Mortality rates ; Biomass ; Kutum ; Carp ; Survival rate ; Barbus brachycephalus ; Barbus brachycephalus ; Population
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  • 95
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    Hydrology and hydrobiology and environmental pollutions in lower than 10 meters depths of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25165 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:03:11 | 25165 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002-2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO_2 , NO_3 and NH_4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Ph〉Co〉Cd〉Cu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate (PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of (PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration (LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 0/851 ind /m^2 and biomass 14 15 g/m^2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; S Caspian Sea ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Macrobenthos ; Heavy metals ; Pollution ; Oil pollution ; Detergent ; Hydrology ; Hydrochemistry ; Species
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  • 96
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    Quality evaluation of Non- Atchabledecapsulated Cysts of Artemia Urmiana during one year after produce (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25173 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:10:58 | 25173 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant (p〈0.05) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Non- Atchabledecapsulated ; Cyst ; Artemia Urmiana ; Larvae ; Culture ; Fatty acids ; Protein ; Bacterial ; Fungal ; ANOVA ; Species ; Pathogenic ; Quality ; Evaluation ; Hatchable ; Aquaculture
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  • 97
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    Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25496 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:39:50 | 25496 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Sampling of macrobenthic communities in southeastern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast, were investigated seasonally from April to March 2012. Sampling was carried out at 8 transect as named Astara, Badar Anzali, Sefied rood, Tonekaboon, Nooshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, Gomishan.In each transect were choice 8 stations at 5m, 10m, 20m, 50m, 100m depths respectively. Samples were taken in triplet with a 0.1m^² van Veen grab.Totally 28 macrofaunal species belonging to 10 families were identified as gamaridae (9species), corophidae (3species),psudocumidae(8 species), amphartidae (2species), balanidae, chironomidae, cardidae scorbicolaridae, nereidae, sponoidae, each one species. Polychaetes were dominated, representing 72.5% of the whole fauna while while (equal 62.4% of total abundance and 5/1%biomass) were belong to Streblospio spp. from Spionidae family. Cerastoderma lamarcki belong to bivavia consist of 2/3% total macobethos abundance and 73% biomass. Total abundance of macrobenthos of middle area were higher than east and west area in southern Caspian Sea. Average benthic population density (no/m^2) with (SE) was 4581(444 ). The benthic biomass (mg/m^2) with an overall mean of 12. 125(02). Spatial and temporal variations of benthos. In the present study showed, maximum abundance Macrobenthos 17855(5543) no/m^2) were recorded in 20 meter depths at Nooshahr trancect , while minimum 841(109 )in 10 meter depths at Amirabad trancect p〈0.05. Maximum biomass 135.10(126) g/m^2 were obtained at 10m depths in Astara minimum 0.51(0.4) ) g/m^2 at 5m depths in Nooshahr transect . maximum were obtained in winter and minimum in summer Number of species varied 3 to 18 , Generally, minimum species diversity were obtained at 20 m depth in Tonekabon transects and the maximum value was observed at 100 m depth of sefeidrood variations physicochemical factors were between salinity 12.5to12.9ppt ,temperature 8-19˚c and PH 8.1 dissolve oxygen 69-101mg/li. Total secondary production calculated, according ,104/996g AFDW/m^2/yr.Maximum were recorded in 10meter depth (30/381AFDW/m^2/yr) and minimum at 50 meter depth(11/007g AFDW/m^2/yr) respectively. Average total organic matter were 3/18 percent in sample periods. Percent of total organic matter (TOM) were low in 5 and 10 m depths and increased toward offshore depths. TOM percent was 1/67(0.11 ) at 5 m depth and increased to 4/38(0.13 )in 100 m depth. Average total silt &clay were 68/63(2.97) percent in sample periods. Positive significant relation was between silt &clay and total organic matter. Macrobenthos community reduce in high silt clay and high sandy contents. Due to increase of streptolosbio.spp, monitoring program for understanding effect of this organism on ecosystem and on fish feeding is necessary.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Badar Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Macrobenthos ; Diversity ; Distribution ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Secondary production ; Species ; Gamaridae ; Corophidae ; Psudocumidae ; Amphartidae ; Balanidae ; Chironomidae ; Cardidae ; Scorbicolaridae ; Nereidae ; Sponoidae ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Streptolosbio.spp
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  • 98
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    Population dynamic of bony fishes in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25514 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:36:40 | 25514 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine growth parameters, catch and fishing effort trends, stock assessment and Acceptable Biological Catch (ABC) of bony fishes in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea in the years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. According to the result, the numbers of beach seines were 131 and 128 and their fishing efforts were observed 50184 and 42255 beach seining during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The catch per unit of effort CPUE) was calculated 182.9 and 205.6 kg/haul during two sampling periods, respectively. The total catches (including illegal fishing) were also obtained 16601.5 mt and 17034.1 mt during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The highest proportion of catch was belonged to kutum and golden grey mullet (86% and 88%, respectively) in two fishing seasons aforementioned above. Growth parameters of kutum were estimated as K=0.21/yr, L_∞ = 60.0 cm, t-0 = 0/yr. The Growth parameters were K=0.18/yr, L_∞ = 61.1 cm, t-0 = -0.14/yr for golden gray mullet and were K=0.12/yr, L_∞ = 73.6 cm, t-0 = 0.92/yr for common carp. Based on catch-at-age data, in the years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, the total biomass, from the biomass-based cohort analysis were estimated 41700mt and 34400 mt for kutum and 14600 mt and 14400 mt for golden grey mullet, respectively. The reference points of F0.1 and F35% were 0.41/yr and 0.34/yr for kutum and 0.36/yr and 0.33/yr for golden grey mullet, respectively. Stock enhancement plays an important role in recovery of kutum stocks in the Iranian coastal waters of Caspian Sea. There is a significantly negative correlation between fingerlings released and condition factor (CF) and recruitment and CF. The different trends for fingerlings, recruitments and CF suggest that CF may be partly density-dependent, declining at high population sizes due to intra-specific competition. Therefore, more research should be conducted to determine the desirable level of artificial propagation. Food consumed by fish species, Rutilus frisii kutum, Rutilus rutilus caspicus, Cyprinus carpio, Liza auratus and Liza saliens were included Foraminifera, Porifera, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, filamentous algae, fish eggs and detritus.The results showed that Rutilusfrisii kutum generally feed on Balanus and Cerastorderma. The main food item for Cyprinuscarpio, Liza auratus and Liza salienswas detritus. Based on available models, the ABCs were estimated as 6600-7400 mt for kutum and 2200-2800 mt for golden grey mullet (with precautionary approach 6600 mt and 2200 mt for kutum and mullet, respectively) in 2011-12. Two species (kutum and golden grey mullet) are vulnerable to environmental factors, and these factors should be considered in the stock assessment and management of the fish. For two species, the ABC with a lower andmore accurate value based onmore information, should be selectedfor the implementation of a precautionary management approach.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bony fishes ; Growth ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Acceptable biological catch ; Population ; Stock assessment ; Fishing ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Cyprinus carpio ; Liza auratus ; Algae ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 99
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    Study on abundance and diversity species of phytoplankton with emphasis on potential of algal bloom in the southern part of the Caspian Sea-Mazandaran Providence (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25513 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:46:11 | 25513 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine of phytoplankton abundance and diversity of water and their spatial and temporal fluctuations in the Mazandaran coastal of Caspian Sea in 6 months, at 4 transects (Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad) during different season of 2012-2013. 72 samples were collected at surface layer of water in 5, 15 and 30 m depths. The samples were analyzed based on the standard methods. 112 species contributed in phytoplankton community structure which where classified in 9 phyla namly: Bacillariophyta (42 species), Pyrrophyta (18 species), Cyanophyta (14 species), Chlorophyta (15 species), Euglenophyta (11 species), Cryptophyta (2 species), Chrysophyta (3 species), Haptophyta (1 species) and Xantophyta (1 species). Meanwhile small flagellate algae with Maximum Linear Dimension (MLD) 〈10 µ observed which they classified in small flagellates. Mean annual phytoplankton abundance with standard error obtained 164±32 million Cells/m^3. Seasonal study showed that phytoplankon abndance of summer was 1.5 folds of spring. The value in auttuman was same as spring, however it increased sharply in winter. The mean phytoplankton abundance of winter was 5 folds of the other seasons. Mean phytoplankton abundance of Tonkabon and Nowshahr (west transects) were 1.6 and 2 folds of Amirabad (east transect), respectively. Bacillariophyta with 89 percent of total abundance was the predominant phylum and Pyrrophyta was the second one. The third and fourth of dominant phyla were Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, respectively. Chrysophyta and small flagellates showed equal percentage of abundance (1.4 percent of total abundance). Monthly study showed that Chaetoceros throndsenii was the first dominant species in Ordibehesht, Tir and Shahrivar. However, the first dominant species in Aban, Day and Esfand were Thalassionema nitzschioides, Skeletonema costatum and Pseudonitzschia seratia respectively. Mean phytoplankton biomass calculated 156.5 ± 18.1 during the study period. The mean of biomass was higher in summer and winter than the two other seasons. Phytoplankton biomass was formed mainly by Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta in all seasons. The highest biomass were belonged to Cyclotella meneghiniana and Coscinodiscus jonesianus (Bacillariophyta) in spring and summer respectively.While in fall and winter Prorocentrum proximum was in the first place of dominat species. Small size and flagellates species of different phyla (Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyt...) had importance role for determination of ecological and water quality conditions during spring to autuman. The increasing of phytoplankton abundance within these times indicates to regeneration of nutrients or entrainment of nutrient-rich deep water. Dominant species were observed in single forms, small filament and loose colonies during spring to autuman. However, these form shifted to fair-long chains form in winter which it indicates to nutrient-rich water was brought to the surface by vertical mixing process. It seems that environmental stress and instability of ecosystem was benefit to Chaetoceros throndsenii and Pseudonitzschia seriata which are known as species with bloom potential. Ability of reproduction in sewage environment (Chaetoceros throndsenii) and toxin production (Pseudonitzschia seriata) are the ecological and physiological significant characters of the two species.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandran Proviece ; Tonekabon ; Nowshahr ; Babolsar ; Phytoplankton ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Biodiversity ; Species ; Sample ; Bacillariophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Cryptophyta ; Chrysophyta ; Haptophyta ; Xantophyta ; Chaetoceros throndsenii ; Pseudonitzschia seriata
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: 62
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  • 100
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    Determination of sustainable exploitation level of Penaeus semisulcatus in Bushehr province water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25516 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:53:57 | 25516 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out in Bushehr province waters (49ْ 40"E and 30ْ 00"N to 52ْ 00"E and 27ْ 40"N) in July and August 2010-2011. The objectives of this study were to determine the opening and closure periods of shrimp and to estimate of the shrimp biomass in the study area. Based on the total length, the opening season of shrimp fishery in 2010 and 2011 were proposed on 12 and 22rd of July, respectively. The closed season was determined based on the remaining of 20% of shrimp stock and proposed on 12 and 29th of August, respectively. The primary estimation of the biomass in these years was 840 and 455 metric tons, respectively. While the total catch were estimated 847 and 859 tones in these years. During this study 9 species of the penaeid and solenoserid species were identified. The percentage of the green tiger prawn to the other species in the study years were 73% and 92%, respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr province ; Green tiger prawn ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; CPUE ; Catch ; Shrimp ; Biomass ; Fishery ; Species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 56
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