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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (296)
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  • 1
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    The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-15
    Beschreibung: Sleep deprivation can impair human health and performance. Habitual total sleep time and homeostatic sleep response to sleep deprivation are quantitative traits in humans. Genetic loci for these traits have been identified in model organisms, but none of these potential animal models have a corresponding human genotype and phenotype. We have identified a mutation in a transcriptional repressor (hDEC2-P385R) that is associated with a human short sleep phenotype. Activity profiles and sleep recordings of transgenic mice carrying this mutation showed increased vigilance time and less sleep time than control mice in a zeitgeber time- and sleep deprivation-dependent manner. These mice represent a model of human sleep homeostasis that provides an opportunity to probe the effect of sleep on human physical and mental health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884988/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Ying -- Jones, Christopher R -- Fujiki, Nobuhiro -- Xu, Ying -- Guo, Bin -- Holder, Jimmy L Jr -- Rossner, Moritz J -- Nishino, Seiji -- Fu, Ying-Hui -- HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MH074924/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL059596-09/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):866-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1174443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, Mission Bay, 1550 Fourth Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Activity Cycles/genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Child ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Sleep/*genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep, REM/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Influenza: accounting for prior immunity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCaw, James M -- McVernon, Jodie -- McBryde, Emma S -- Mathews, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1071; author reply 1072-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1071a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Immunity ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Recruitment of an area involved in eye movements during mental arithmetic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-09
    Beschreibung: Throughout the history of mathematics, concepts of number and space have been tightly intertwined. We tested the hypothesis that cortical circuits for spatial attention contribute to mental arithmetic in humans. We trained a multivariate classifier algorithm to infer the direction of an eye movement, left or right, from the brain activation measured in the posterior parietal cortex. Without further training, the classifier then generalized to an arithmetic task. Its left versus right classification could be used to sort out subtraction versus addition trials, whether performed with symbols or with sets of dots. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that mental arithmetic co-opts parietal circuitry associated with spatial coding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knops, Andre -- Thirion, Bertrand -- Hubbard, Edward M -- Michel, Vincent -- Dehaene, Stanislas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1583-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1171599. Epub 2009 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. knops.andre@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Eye Movements/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Recruitment, Neurophysiological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-17
    Beschreibung: Placebo analgesia is a prime example of the impact that psychological factors have on pain perception. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human spinal cord to test the hypothesis that placebo analgesia results in a reduction of nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. In line with behavioral data that show decreased pain responses under placebo, pain-related activity in the spinal cord is strongly reduced under placebo. These results provide direct evidence for spinal inhibition as one mechanism of placebo analgesia and highlight that psychological factors can act on the earliest stages of pain processing in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eippert, Falk -- Finsterbusch, Jurgen -- Bingel, Ulrike -- Buchel, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):404. doi: 10.1126/science.1180142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. f.eippert@uke.uni-hamburg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Analgesia/*psychology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lidocaine/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/drug therapy/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/*therapeutic use ; Posterior Horn Cells/physiology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-22
    Beschreibung: The criteria to assess public health policies are fundamental to policy optimization. Using a model parametrized with survey-based contact data and mortality data from influenza pandemics, we determined optimal vaccine allocation for five outcome measures: deaths, infections, years of life lost, contingent valuation, and economic costs. We find that optimal vaccination is achieved by prioritization of schoolchildren and adults aged 30 to 39 years. Schoolchildren are most responsible for transmission, and their parents serve as bridges to the rest of the population. Our results indicate that consideration of age-specific transmission dynamics is paramount to the optimal allocation of influenza vaccines. We also found that previous and new recommendations from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention both for the novel swine-origin influenza and, particularly, for seasonal influenza, are suboptimal for all outcome measures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medlock, Jan -- Galvani, Alison P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1705-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175570. Epub 2009 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. medlock@clemson.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Health Policy ; Humans ; *Immunization Programs ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology ; *Influenza A virus/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control/transmission ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Predicting elections: child's play! (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-03
    Beschreibung: In two experiments, children and adults rated pairs of faces from election races. Naive adults judged a pair on competence; after playing a game, children chose who they would prefer to be captain of their boat. Children's (as well as adults') preferences accurately predicted actual election outcomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antonakis, John -- Dalgas, Olaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1183. doi: 10.1126/science.1167748.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. john.antonakis@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Choice Behavior ; *Face ; Female ; Forecasting ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physiognomy ; *Politics ; Probability ; Regression Analysis ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-07
    Beschreibung: Existing research reports inconsistent findings with regard to the effect of color on cognitive task performances. Some research suggests that blue or green leads to better performances than red; other studies record the opposite. Current work reconciles this discrepancy. We demonstrate that red (versus blue) color induces primarily an avoidance (versus approach) motivation (study 1, n = 69) and that red enhances performance on a detail-oriented task, whereas blue enhances performance on a creative task (studies 2 and 3, n = 208 and 118). Further, we replicate these results in the domains of product design (study 4, n = 42) and persuasive message evaluation (study 5, n = 161) and show that these effects occur outside of individuals' consciousness (study 6, n = 68). We also provide process evidence suggesting that the activation of alternative motivations mediates the effect of color on cognitive task performances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehta, Ravi -- Zhu, Rui Juliet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1226-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1169144. Epub 2009 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; *Cognition ; *Color ; Creativity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Mental Recall ; Motivation ; *Task Performance and Analysis ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Neural mechanisms of a genome-wide supported psychosis variant (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: Schizophrenia is a devastating, highly heritable brain disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, the first common genetic variant associated on a genome-wide level with schizophrenia and possibly bipolar disorder was discovered in ZNF804A (rs1344706). We show, by using an imaging genetics approach, that healthy carriers of rs1344706 risk genotypes exhibit no changes in regional activity but pronounced gene dosage-dependent alterations in functional coupling (correlated activity) of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) across hemispheres and with hippocampus, mirroring findings in patients, and abnormal coupling of amygdala. Our findings establish disturbed connectivity as a neurogenetic risk mechanism for psychosis supported by genome-wide association, show that rs1344706 or variation in linkage disequilibrium is functional in human brain, and validate the intermediate phenotype strategy in psychiatry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esslinger, Christine -- Walter, Henrik -- Kirsch, Peter -- Erk, Susanne -- Schnell, Knut -- Arnold, Claudia -- Haddad, Leila -- Mier, Daniela -- Opitz von Boberfeld, Carola -- Raab, Kyeon -- Witt, Stephanie H -- Rietschel, Marcella -- Cichon, Sven -- Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):605. doi: 10.1126/science.1167768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Affective Symptoms/genetics/physiopathology ; Bipolar Disorder/genetics/physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Swine flu outbreak. China first to vaccinate against novel H1N1 virus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1482-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; *Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology/supply & distribution ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Mass Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Glioma-derived mutations in IDH1 dominantly inhibit IDH1 catalytic activity and induce HIF-1alpha (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-11
    Beschreibung: Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) occur in certain human brain tumors, but their mechanistic role in tumor development is unknown. We have shown that tumor-derived IDH1 mutations impair the enzyme's affinity for its substrate and dominantly inhibit wild-type IDH1 activity through the formation of catalytically inactive heterodimers. Forced expression of mutant IDH1 in cultured cells reduces formation of the enzyme product, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), and increases the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor subunit HIF-1alpha, a transcription factor that facilitates tumor growth when oxygen is low and whose stability is regulated by alpha-KG. The rise in HIF-1alpha levels was reversible by an alpha-KG derivative. HIF-1alpha levels were higher in human gliomas harboring an IDH1 mutation than in tumors without a mutation. Thus, IDH1 appears to function as a tumor suppressor that, when mutationally inactivated, contributes to tumorigenesis in part through induction of the HIF-1 pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251015/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251015/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Shimin -- Lin, Yan -- Xu, Wei -- Jiang, Wenqing -- Zha, Zhengyu -- Wang, Pu -- Yu, Wei -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Gong, Lingling -- Peng, Yingjie -- Ding, Jianping -- Lei, Qunying -- Guan, Kun-Liang -- Xiong, Yue -- R01 CA068377/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA068377-14/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):261-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1170944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma/genetics/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glioblastoma/genetics/metabolism ; Glioma/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligodendroglioma/genetics/metabolism ; Oxalates/pharmacology ; Protein Multimerization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Sequential processing of lexical, grammatical, and phonological information within Broca's area (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-10-17
    Beschreibung: Words, grammar, and phonology are linguistically distinct, yet their neural substrates are difficult to distinguish in macroscopic brain regions. We investigated whether they can be separated in time and space at the circuit level using intracranial electrophysiology (ICE), namely by recording local field potentials from populations of neurons using electrodes implanted in language-related brain regions while people read words verbatim or grammatically inflected them (present/past or singular/plural). Neighboring probes within Broca's area revealed distinct neuronal activity for lexical (approximately 200 milliseconds), grammatical (approximately 320 milliseconds), and phonological (approximately 450 milliseconds) processing, identically for nouns and verbs, in a region activated in the same patients and task in functional magnetic resonance imaging. This suggests that a linguistic processing sequence predicted on computational grounds is implemented in the brain in fine-grained spatiotemporally patterned activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030760/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030760/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahin, Ned T -- Pinker, Steven -- Cash, Sydney S -- Schomer, Donald -- Halgren, Eric -- HD18381/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18741/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS44623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR014075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR014075-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41-RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD018381-18/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS018741/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS018741-22/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044623-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH070328-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH070328/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):445-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1174481.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. sahin@post.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; *Linguistics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*physiology ; Speech/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Mindblind eyes: an absence of spontaneous theory of mind in Asperger syndrome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-18
    Beschreibung: Adults with Asperger syndrome can understand mental states such as desires and beliefs (mentalizing) when explicitly prompted to do so, despite having impairments in social communication. We directly tested the hypothesis that such individuals nevertheless fail to mentalize spontaneously. To this end, we used an eye-tracking task that has revealed the spontaneous ability to mentalize in typically developing infants. We showed that, like infants, neurotypical adults' (n = 17 participants) eye movements anticipated an actor's behavior on the basis of her false belief. This was not the case for individuals with Asperger syndrome (n = 19). Thus, these individuals do not attribute mental states spontaneously, but they may be able to do so in explicit tasks through compensatory learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Senju, Atsushi -- Southgate, Victoria -- White, Sarah -- Frith, Uta -- G0701484/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PTA 037-27-0107/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):883-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176170. Epub 2009 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK. a.senju@bbk.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Asperger Syndrome/*psychology ; Comprehension ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Learning ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Psychological Tests ; Psychological Theory ; Saccades ; Young Adult
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Overexpression of alpha2A-adrenergic receptors contributes to type 2 diabetes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-08
    Beschreibung: Several common genetic variations have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but the exact disease mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. Using congenic strains from the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat, we identified a 1.4-megabase genomic locus that was linked to impaired insulin granule docking at the plasma membrane and reduced beta cell exocytosis. In this locus, Adra2a, encoding the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor [alpha(2A)AR], was significantly overexpressed. Alpha(2A)AR mediates adrenergic suppression of insulin secretion. Pharmacological receptor antagonism, silencing of receptor expression, or blockade of downstream effectors rescued insulin secretion in congenic islets. Furthermore, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human ADRA2A gene for which risk allele carriers exhibited overexpression of alpha(2A)AR, reduced insulin secretion, and increased type 2 diabetes risk. Human pancreatic islets from risk allele carriers exhibited reduced granule docking and secreted less insulin in response to glucose; both effects were counteracted by pharmacological alpha(2A)AR antagonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosengren, Anders H -- Jokubka, Ramunas -- Tojjar, Damon -- Granhall, Charlotte -- Hansson, Ola -- Li, Dai-Qing -- Nagaraj, Vini -- Reinbothe, Thomas M -- Tuncel, Jonatan -- Eliasson, Lena -- Groop, Leif -- Rorsman, Patrik -- Salehi, Albert -- Lyssenko, Valeriya -- Luthman, Holger -- Renstrom, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):217-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1176827. Epub 2009 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmo, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists ; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists ; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Animals, Congenic ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics/metabolism ; Exocytosis ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*secretion ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Secretory Vesicles/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Biobanks: oversight offers protection (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hens, Kristien -- Wright, John -- Dierickx, Kris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):798-9; author reply 799. doi: 10.1126/science.326_798c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Biological Specimen Banks/ethics ; Child ; *Dna ; *Databases, Nucleic Acid/ethics ; Ethics Committees ; Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research/ethics ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Informed Consent ; Public Policy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Using neural measures of economic value to solve the public goods free-rider problem (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-12
    Beschreibung: Every social group needs to decide when to provide public goods and how to allocate the costs among its members. Ideally, this decision would maximize the group's net benefits while also ensuring that every individual's benefit is greater than the cost he or she has to pay. Unfortunately, the economic theory of mechanism design has shown that this ideal solution is not feasible when the group leadership does not know the values of the individual group members for the public good. We show that this impossibility result can be overcome in laboratory settings by combining technologies for obtaining neural measures of value (functional magnetic resonance imaging-based pattern classification) with carefully designed institutions that allocate costs based on both reported and neurally measured values.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajbich, Ian -- Camerer, Colin -- Ledyard, John -- Rangel, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):596-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1177302. Epub 2009 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Decision Making ; *Economics ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motivation ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Values ; Truth Disclosure
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-07
    Beschreibung: Working memory is a key function for human cognition, dependent on adequate dopamine neurotransmission. Here we show that the training of working memory, which improves working memory capacity, is associated with changes in the density of cortical dopamine D1 receptors. Fourteen hours of training over 5 weeks was associated with changes in both prefrontal and parietal D1 binding potential. This plasticity of the dopamine D1 receptor system demonstrates a reciprocal interplay between mental activity and brain biochemistry in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNab, Fiona -- Varrone, Andrea -- Farde, Lars -- Jucaite, Aurelija -- Bystritsky, Paulina -- Forssberg, Hans -- Klingberg, Torkel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):800-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1166102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Cognition/*physiology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/*metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Regression Analysis ; Synaptic Transmission ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    The human K-complex represents an isolated cortical down-state (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-23
    Beschreibung: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a mainstay of clinical neurology and is tightly correlated with brain function, but the specific currents generating human EEG elements remain poorly specified because of a lack of microphysiological recordings. The largest event in healthy human EEGs is the K-complex (KC), which occurs in slow-wave sleep. Here, we show that KCs are generated in widespread cortical areas by outward dendritic currents in the middle and upper cortical layers, accompanied by decreased broadband EEG power and decreased neuronal firing, which demonstrate a steep decline in network activity. Thus, KCs are isolated "down-states," a fundamental cortico-thalamic processing mode already characterized in animals. This correspondence is compatible with proposed contributions of the KC to sleep preservation and memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715654/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715654/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cash, Sydney S -- Halgren, Eric -- Dehghani, Nima -- Rossetti, Andrea O -- Thesen, Thomas -- Wang, Chunmao -- Devinsky, Orrin -- Kuzniecky, Ruben -- Doyle, Werner -- Madsen, Joseph R -- Bromfield, Edward -- Eross, Lorand -- Halasz, Peter -- Karmos, George -- Csercsa, Richard -- Wittner, Lucia -- Ulbert, Istvan -- NS18741/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS44623/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB009282/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS018741/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1084-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169626.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. scash@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Electroencephalography ; *Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Stages/*physiology ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Genetic contribution to variation in cognitive function: an FMRI study in twins (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-28
    Beschreibung: Little is known about the genetic contribution to individual differences in neural networks subserving cognition function. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) twin study, we found a significant genetic influence on brain activation in neural networks supporting digit working memory tasks. Participants activating frontal-parietal networks responded faster than individuals relying more on language-related brain networks. There were genetic influences on brain activation in language-relevant brain circuits that were atypical for numerical working memory tasks as such. This suggests that differences in cognition might be related to brain activation patterns that differ qualitatively among individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koten, Jan Willem Jr -- Wood, Guilherme -- Hagoort, Peter -- Goebel, Rainer -- Propping, Peter -- Willmes, Klaus -- Boomsma, Dorret I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1737-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1167371.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section Neuropsychology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany. jan.koten@gmx.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebrum/physiology ; *Cognition ; *Genes ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mathematical Concepts ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Siblings ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors mediate C-fiber-induced heterosynaptic pain sensitization (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-08
    Beschreibung: Diminished synaptic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn is a major contributor to chronic pain. Pathways that reduce synaptic inhibition in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states have been identified, but central hyperalgesia and diminished dorsal horn synaptic inhibition also occur in the absence of inflammation or neuropathy, solely triggered by intense nociceptive (C-fiber) input to the spinal dorsal horn. We found that endocannabinoids, produced upon strong nociceptive stimulation, activated type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn neurons to reduce the synaptic release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine and thus rendered nociceptive neurons excitable by nonpainful stimuli. Our results suggest that spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors on inhibitory dorsal horn interneurons act as mediators of heterosynaptic pain sensitization and play an unexpected role in dorsal horn pain-controlling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835775/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835775/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pernia-Andrade, Alejandro J -- Kato, Ako -- Witschi, Robert -- Nyilas, Rita -- Katona, Istvan -- Freund, Tamas F -- Watanabe, Masahiko -- Filitz, Jorg -- Koppert, Wolfgang -- Schuttler, Jurgen -- Ji, Guangchen -- Neugebauer, Volker -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Lutz, Beat -- Vanegas, Horacio -- Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich -- NS11255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS38261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255-32A20042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS011255-330042/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-10/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS038261-10S1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1171870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; *Endocannabinoids ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia/*physiopathology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Piperidines/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Posterior Horn Cells/*physiology ; Pyrazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    The transmissibility and control of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-12
    Beschreibung: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pandemic H1N1) is spreading throughout the planet. It has become the dominant strain in the Southern Hemisphere, where the influenza season has now ended. Here, on the basis of reported case clusters in the United States, we estimated the household secondary attack rate for pandemic H1N1 to be 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) from 12.2% to 50.5%]. From a school outbreak, we estimated that a typical schoolchild infects 2.4 (95% CI from 1.8 to 3.2) other children within the school. We estimated the basic reproductive number, R0, to range from 1.3 to 1.7 and the generation interval to range from 2.6 to 3.2 days. We used a simulation model to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination strategies in the United States for fall 2009. If a vaccine were available soon enough, vaccination of children, followed by adults, reaching 70% overall coverage, in addition to high-risk and essential workforce groups, could mitigate a severe epidemic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880578/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880578/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Yang -- Sugimoto, Jonathan D -- Halloran, M Elizabeth -- Basta, Nicole E -- Chao, Dennis L -- Matrajt, Laura -- Potter, Gail -- Kenah, Eben -- Longini, Ira M Jr -- R01 AI032042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI032042-16/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01-AI32042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM070749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM070749-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01-GM070749/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):729-33. doi: 10.1126/science.1177373. Epub 2009 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Family Health ; Female ; Housing ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Male ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Schools ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    South Korea. Forensic finds add substance to claims of war atrocities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):374-5. doi: 10.1126/science.325_374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Korea ; *Korean War ; Male ; Truth Disclosure ; Violence ; *War Crimes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-04
    Beschreibung: It has been difficult to establish whether we are limited to the heart muscle cells we are born with or if cardiomyocytes are generated also later in life. We have taken advantage of the integration of carbon-14, generated by nuclear bomb tests during the Cold War, into DNA to establish the age of cardiomyocytes in humans. We report that cardiomyocytes renew, with a gradual decrease from 1% turning over annually at the age of 25 to 0.45% at the age of 75. Fewer than 50% of cardiomyocytes are exchanged during a normal life span. The capacity to generate cardiomyocytes in the adult human heart suggests that it may be rational to work toward the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating this process in cardiac pathologies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2991140/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2991140/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergmann, Olaf -- Bhardwaj, Ratan D -- Bernard, Samuel -- Zdunek, Sofia -- Barnabe-Heider, Fanie -- Walsh, Stuart -- Zupicich, Joel -- Alkass, Kanar -- Buchholz, Bruce A -- Druid, Henrik -- Jovinge, Stefan -- Frisen, Jonas -- P41 GM103483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR013461/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR013461-11/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR13461/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):98-102. doi: 10.1126/science.1164680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Count ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cell Nucleus Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; Nuclear Weapons ; Polyploidy ; Radiometric Dating ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Troponin I/analysis ; Troponin T/analysis
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    A key role for similarity in vicarious reward (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-16
    Beschreibung: Humans appear to have an inherent prosocial tendency toward one another in that we often take pleasure in seeing others succeed. This fact is almost certainly exploited by game shows, yet why watching others win elicits a pleasurable vicarious rewarding feeling in the absence of personal economic gain is unclear. One explanation is that game shows use contestants who have similarities to the viewing population, thereby kindling kin-motivated responses (for example, prosocial behavior). Using a game show-inspired paradigm, we show that the interactions between the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex subserve the modulation of vicarious reward by similarity, respectively. Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839480/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2839480/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mobbs, Dean -- Yu, Rongjun -- Meyer, Marcel -- Passamonti, Luca -- Seymour, Ben -- Calder, Andrew J -- Schweizer, Susanne -- Frith, Chris D -- Dalgleish, Tim -- MC_U105579214/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105579215/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1055.02.002.00001.01(79215)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):900. doi: 10.1126/science.1170539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK. dean.mobbs@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Empathy ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Self Concept ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Desirability ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Polar science. A death in Antarctica (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-01-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):32-5. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Antarctic Regions ; Astronomy ; Australia ; *Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Methanol/*poisoning ; New Zealand ; Poisoning/diagnosis ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Reproductive fate versus environment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):589. doi: 10.1126/science.324_589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bangladesh/ethnology ; Child ; *Environment ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; London ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Progesterone/analysis ; *Reproduction ; Saliva/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Development biology. Turnover after the fallout (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-04-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murry, Charles E -- Lee, Richard T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):47-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1172255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. murry@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Carbon Radioisotopes/analysis ; Cell Nucleus Division ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA/analysis/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; Nuclear Weapons ; Polyploidy ; Radiometric Dating ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    Research ethics. Children and population biobanks (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-08-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurwitz, David -- Fortier, Isabel -- Lunshof, Jeantine E -- Knoppers, Bartha Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):818-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1173284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Laboratory for the Genetics of Israeli Populations, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel. gurwitz@post.tau.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Biological Specimen Banks/*ethics/standards ; Biomedical Research/*ethics ; Child ; *Dna ; Databases, Nucleic Acid/*ethics/standards ; Genetic Privacy ; Genetic Research/*ethics ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; *Informed Consent ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 3 modulates amyloid-beta peptide generation in neurons (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-02-14
    Beschreibung: Deposition of the amyloid-beta peptide is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. A high-throughput functional genomics screen identified G protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), a constitutively active orphan G protein-coupled receptor, as a modulator of amyloid-beta production. Overexpression of GPR3 stimulated amyloid-beta production, whereas genetic ablation of GPR3 prevented accumulation of the amyloid-beta peptide in vitro and in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. GPR3 expression led to increased formation and cell-surface localization of the mature gamma-secretase complex in the absence of an effect on Notch processing. GPR3 is highly expressed in areas of the normal human brain implicated in Alzheimer's disease and is elevated in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease brain. Thus, GPR3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thathiah, Amantha -- Spittaels, Kurt -- Hoffmann, Marcel -- Staes, Mik -- Cohen, Adrian -- Horre, Katrien -- Vanbrabant, Mieke -- Coun, Frea -- Baekelandt, Veerle -- Delacourte, Andre -- Fischer, David F -- Pollet, Dirk -- De Strooper, Bart -- Merchiers, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):946-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1160649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Vlaams Institute for Biotechnology, Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space and time (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-07
    Beschreibung: Elucidating the biogeography of bacterial communities on the human body is critical for establishing healthy baselines from which to detect differences associated with diseases. To obtain an integrated view of the spatial and temporal distribution of the human microbiota, we surveyed bacteria from up to 27 sites in seven to nine healthy adults on four occasions. We found that community composition was determined primarily by body habitat. Within habitats, interpersonal variability was high, whereas individuals exhibited minimal temporal variability. Several skin locations harbored more diverse communities than the gut and mouth, and skin locations differed in their community assembly patterns. These results indicate that our microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time; such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602444/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602444/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costello, Elizabeth K -- Lauber, Christian L -- Hamady, Micah -- Fierer, Noah -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- Knight, Rob -- DK64540/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK78669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1694-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1177486. Epub 2009 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Ear Canal/*microbiology ; Feces/*microbiology ; Female ; Genes, rRNA ; Hair/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Middle Aged ; Mouth/*microbiology ; Nose/*microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Principal Component Analysis ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Skin/*microbiology ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 30
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    Translocator protein (18 kD) as target for anxiolytics without benzodiazepine-like side effects (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: Most antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics) work by modulating neurotransmitters in the brain. Benzodiazepines are fast and effective anxiolytic drugs; however, their long-term use is limited by the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Ligands of the translocator protein [18 kilodaltons (kD)] may promote the synthesis of endogenous neurosteroids, which also exert anxiolytic effects in animal models. Here, we found that the translocator protein (18 kD) ligand XBD173 enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neurotransmission and counteracted induced panic attacks in rodents in the absence of sedation and tolerance development. XBD173 also exerted antipanic activity in humans and, in contrast to benzodiazepines, did not cause sedation or withdrawal symptoms. Thus, translocator protein (18 kD) ligands are promising candidates for fast-acting anxiolytic drugs with less severe side effects than benzodiazepines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rupprecht, Rainer -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Eser, Daniela -- Baghai, Thomas C -- Schule, Cornelius -- Nothdurfter, Caroline -- Troxler, Thomas -- Gentsch, Conrad -- Kalkman, Hans O -- Chaperon, Frederique -- Uzunov, Veska -- McAllister, Kevin H -- Bertaina-Anglade, Valerie -- La Rochelle, Christophe Drieu -- Tuerck, Dietrich -- Floesser, Annette -- Kiese, Beate -- Schumacher, Michael -- Landgraf, Rainer -- Holsboer, Florian -- Kucher, Klaus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):490-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175055. Epub 2009 Jun 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich 80336, Germany. rainer.rupprecht@med.uni-muenchen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alprazolam/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects/*metabolism ; Benzodiazepines/adverse effects ; Cell Line ; Drug Tolerance ; Humans ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Panic Disorder/drug therapy ; Purines/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, GABA/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control ; Tetragastrin ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 31
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    Medicine. Disrupting Hedgehog may reverse advanced cancer, if only temporarily (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-09-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1188. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Anilides ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Benzimidazoles/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Medulloblastoma/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Point Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Pyridines ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Genetics. The promise of a cure: 20 years and counting (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-06-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1504-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/history/*therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Genetic Therapy/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 33
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    Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-30
    Beschreibung: Human skin is a large, heterogeneous organ that protects the body from pathogens while sustaining microorganisms that influence human health and disease. Our analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences obtained from 20 distinct skin sites of healthy humans revealed that physiologically comparable sites harbor similar bacterial communities. The complexity and stability of the microbial community are dependent on the specific characteristics of the skin site. This topographical and temporal survey provides a baseline for studies that examine the role of bacterial communities in disease states and the microbial interdependencies required to maintain healthy skin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805064/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805064/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grice, Elizabeth A -- Kong, Heidi H -- Conlan, Sean -- Deming, Clayton B -- Davis, Joie -- Young, Alice C -- NISC Comparative Sequencing Program -- Bouffard, Gerard G -- Blakesley, Robert W -- Murray, Patrick R -- Green, Eric D -- Turner, Maria L -- Segre, Julia A -- Z01 HG000180-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA BC010938-02/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HG000180-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1190-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1171700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actinobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Adult ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Bacteroidetes/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Female ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Proteobacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Skin/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A recessive mutation in the APP gene with dominant-negative effect on amyloidogenesis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-03-17
    Beschreibung: beta-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations cause familial Alzheimer's disease with nearly complete penetrance. We found an APP mutation [alanine-673--〉valine-673 (A673V)] that causes disease only in the homozygous state, whereas heterozygous carriers were unaffected, consistent with a recessive Mendelian trait of inheritance. The A673V mutation affected APP processing, resulting in enhanced beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and formation of amyloid fibrils in vitro. Co-incubation of mutated and wild-type peptides conferred instability on Abeta aggregates and inhibited amyloidogenesis and neurotoxicity. The highly amyloidogenic effect of the A673V mutation in the homozygous state and its anti-amyloidogenic effect in the heterozygous state account for the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and have implications for genetic screening and the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Di Fede, Giuseppe -- Catania, Marcella -- Morbin, Michela -- Rossi, Giacomina -- Suardi, Silvia -- Mazzoleni, Giulia -- Merlin, Marco -- Giovagnoli, Anna Rita -- Prioni, Sara -- Erbetta, Alessandra -- Falcone, Chiara -- Gobbi, Marco -- Colombo, Laura -- Bastone, Antonio -- Beeg, Marten -- Manzoni, Claudia -- Francescucci, Bruna -- Spagnoli, Alberto -- Cantu, Laura -- Del Favero, Elena -- Levy, Efrat -- Salmona, Mario -- Tagliavini, Fabrizio -- NS42029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042029-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1473-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1168979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurology and Neuropathology, "Carlo Besta" National Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Dementia/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Transfection
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    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 35
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    Transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses in ferrets and mice (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-07-04
    Beschreibung: Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected 2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naive ferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses caused increased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue, and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasally inoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibited less efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets in comparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonal H1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses was further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificity of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors (in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-binding and human lung tissue-binding assays.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953552/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maines, Taronna R -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Belser, Jessica A -- Wadford, Debra A -- Pappas, Claudia -- Zeng, Hui -- Gustin, Kortney M -- Pearce, Melissa B -- Viswanathan, Karthik -- Shriver, Zachary H -- Raman, Rahul -- Cox, Nancy J -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Tumpey, Terrence M -- GM 57073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057073-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM062116-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM62116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):484-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1177238. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ferrets ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/*virology ; Intestines/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/virology ; Swine ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-05-02
    Beschreibung: Every day, individuals make dozens of choices between an alternative with higher overall value and a more tempting but ultimately inferior option. Optimal decision-making requires self-control. We propose two hypotheses about the neurobiology of self-control: (i) Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and (ii) exercising self-control involves the modulation of this value signal by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to monitor brain activity while dieters engaged in real decisions about food consumption. Activity in vmPFC was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self-control. It incorporated both taste and health in self-controllers but only taste in non-self-controllers. Activity in DLPFC increased when subjects exercised self-control and correlated with activity in vmPFC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hare, Todd A -- Camerer, Colin F -- Rangel, Antonio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):646-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1168450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. thare@hss.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Diet ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Goals ; Health ; Humans ; *Internal-External Control ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reward ; Taste ; Young Adult
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 37
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    Objective confirmation of subjective measures of human well-being: evidence from the U.S.A (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-19
    Beschreibung: A huge research literature, across the behavioral and social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These are responses to questions--asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel--such as, "How happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a 2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3 million U.S. citizens. Life satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured. Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life as previously estimated, from solely nonsubjective data, in one branch of economics (so-called "compensating differentials" neoclassical theory, originally from Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, P 〈 0.001) between subjective and objective well-being. This result has some potential to help to unify disciplines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oswald, Andrew J -- Wu, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):576-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180606. Epub 2009 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. andrew.oswald@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Economics ; Female ; *Happiness ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Models, Economic ; *Personal Satisfaction ; *Quality of Life ; Regression Analysis ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
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    Science at the Olympics. What's age got to do with it? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):625. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.625b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; *Athletic Performance ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Sports
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
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    Log or linear? Distinct intuitions of the number scale in Western and Amazonian indigene cultures (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: The mapping of numbers onto space is fundamental to measurement and to mathematics. Is this mapping a cultural invention or a universal intuition shared by all humans regardless of culture and education? We probed number-space mappings in the Mundurucu, an Amazonian indigene group with a reduced numerical lexicon and little or no formal education. At all ages, the Mundurucu mapped symbolic and nonsymbolic numbers onto a logarithmic scale, whereas Western adults used linear mapping with small or symbolic numbers and logarithmic mapping when numbers were presented nonsymbolically under conditions that discouraged counting. This indicates that the mapping of numbers onto space is a universal intuition and that this initial intuition of number is logarithmic. The concept of a linear number line appears to be a cultural invention that fails to develop in the absence of formal education.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, Stanislas -- Izard, Veronique -- Spelke, Elizabeth -- Pica, Pierre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1217-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1156540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, Cognitive Neuro-imaging Unit, Institut Federatif de Recherche (IFR) 49, Gif sur Yvette, France. stanislas.dehaene@cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Brazil ; Child ; *Cultural Evolution ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Indians, South American ; *Intuition ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Middle Aged
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-17
    Beschreibung: Process-specific training can improve performance on untrained tasks, but the magnitude of gain is variable and often there is no transfer at all. We demonstrate transfer to a 3-back test of working memory after 5 weeks of training in updating. The transfer effect was based on a joint training-related activity increase for the criterion (letter memory) and transfer tasks in a striatal region that also was recruited pretraining. No transfer was observed to a task that did not engage updating and striatal regions, and age-related striatal changes imposed constraints on transfer. These findings indicate that transfer can occur if the criterion and transfer tasks engage specific overlapping processing components and brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dahlin, Erika -- Neely, Anna Stigsdotter -- Larsson, Anne -- Backman, Lars -- Nyberg, Lars -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1510-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1155466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden. erika.dahlin@physiol.umu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aging ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Memory ; *Teaching
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
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    BOLD responses reflecting dopaminergic signals in the human ventral tegmental area (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-01
    Beschreibung: Current theories hypothesize that dopamine neuronal firing encodes reward prediction errors. Although studies in nonhuman species provide direct support for this theory, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have focused on brain areas targeted by dopamine neurons [ventral striatum (VStr)] rather than on brainstem dopaminergic nuclei [ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra]. We used fMRI tailored to directly image the brainstem. When primary rewards were used in an experiment, the VTA blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response reflected a positive reward prediction error, whereas the VStr encoded positive and negative reward prediction errors. When monetary gains and losses were used, VTA BOLD responses reflected positive reward prediction errors modulated by the probability of winning. We detected no significant VTA BOLD response to nonrewarding events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Ardenne, Kimberlee -- McClure, Samuel M -- Nystrom, Leigh E -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- F32 MH072141/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH062196/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dardenne@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Probability ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-06
    Beschreibung: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain cancer. To identify the genetic alterations in GBMs, we sequenced 20,661 protein coding genes, determined the presence of amplifications and deletions using high-density oligonucleotide arrays, and performed gene expression analyses using next-generation sequencing technologies in 22 human tumor samples. This comprehensive analysis led to the discovery of a variety of genes that were not known to be altered in GBMs. Most notably, we found recurrent mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in 12% of GBM patients. Mutations in IDH1 occurred in a large fraction of young patients and in most patients with secondary GBMs and were associated with an increase in overall survival. These studies demonstrate the value of unbiased genomic analyses in the characterization of human brain cancer and identify a potentially useful genetic alteration for the classification and targeted therapy of GBMs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820389/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Zhang, Xiaosong -- Lin, Jimmy Cheng-Ho -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Angenendt, Philipp -- Mankoo, Parminder -- Carter, Hannah -- Siu, I-Mei -- Gallia, Gary L -- Olivi, Alessandro -- McLendon, Roger -- Rasheed, B Ahmed -- Keir, Stephen -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Busam, Dana A -- Tekleab, Hanna -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Doug R -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Marie, Suely Kazue Nagahashi -- Shinjo, Sueli Mieko Oba -- Yan, Hai -- Riggins, Gregory J -- Bigner, Darell D -- Karchin, Rachel -- Papadopoulos, Nick -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- 5P50-NS-20023/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- CA09547/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA108786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA11898/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS052507/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA062924-160017/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140316/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA043460-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-13/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-17/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 26;321(5897):1807-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1164382. Epub 2008 Sep 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human ; Glioblastoma/*genetics/mortality ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Survival Rate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    The rupture and repair of cooperation in borderline personality disorder (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-09
    Beschreibung: To sustain or repair cooperation during a social exchange, adaptive creatures must understand social gestures and the consequences when shared expectations about fair exchange are violated by accident or intent. We recruited 55 individuals afflicted with borderline personality disorder (BPD) to play a multiround economic exchange game with healthy partners. Behaviorally, individuals with BPD showed a profound incapacity to maintain cooperation, and were impaired in their ability to repair broken cooperation on the basis of a quantitative measure of coaxing. Neurally, activity in the anterior insula, a region known to respond to norm violations across affective, interoceptive, economic, and social dimensions, strongly differentiated healthy participants from individuals with BPD. Healthy subjects showed a strong linear relation between anterior insula response and both magnitude of monetary offer received from their partner (input) and the amount of money repaid to their partner (output). In stark contrast, activity in the anterior insula of BPD participants was related only to the magnitude of repayment sent back to their partner (output), not to the magnitude of offers received (input). These neural and behavioral data suggest that norms used in perception of social gestures are pathologically perturbed or missing altogether among individuals with BPD. This game-theoretic approach to psychopathology may open doors to new ways of characterizing and studying a range of mental illnesses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105006/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King-Casas, Brooks -- Sharp, Carla -- Lomax-Bream, Laura -- Lohrenz, Terry -- Fonagy, Peter -- Montague, P Read -- DA11723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32 MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH078485/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH52797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA011723/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH052797/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):806-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1156902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational Psychiatry Unit and Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Borderline Personality Disorder/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiopathology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiopathology ; *Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiopathology ; Social Behavior ; Trust/*psychology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-29
    Beschreibung: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 45
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    TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-01
    Beschreibung: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disorder characterized pathologically by ubiquitinated TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) inclusions. The function of TDP-43 in the nervous system is uncertain, and a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration remains speculative. We identified neighboring mutations in a highly conserved region of TARDBP in sporadic and familial ALS cases. TARDBPM337V segregated with disease within one kindred and a genome-wide scan confirmed that linkage was restricted to chromosome 1p36, which contains the TARDBP locus. Mutant forms of TDP-43 fragmented in vitro more readily than wild type and, in vivo, caused neural apoptosis and developmental delay in the chick embryo. Our evidence suggests a pathophysiological link between TDP-43 and ALS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sreedharan, Jemeen -- Blair, Ian P -- Tripathi, Vineeta B -- Hu, Xun -- Vance, Caroline -- Rogelj, Boris -- Ackerley, Steven -- Durnall, Jennifer C -- Williams, Kelly L -- Buratti, Emanuele -- Baralle, Francisco -- de Belleroche, Jacqueline -- Mitchell, J Douglas -- Leigh, P Nigel -- Al-Chalabi, Ammar -- Miller, Christopher C -- Nicholson, Garth -- Shaw, Christopher E -- G0500289/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501573/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1668-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1154584. Epub 2008 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, and Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; CHO Cells ; Chick Embryo ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/cytology/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
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    Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-25
    Beschreibung: "Warmth" is the most powerful personality trait in social judgment, and attachment theorists have stressed the importance of warm physical contact with caregivers during infancy for healthy relationships in adulthood. Intriguingly, recent research in humans points to the involvement of the insula in the processing of both physical temperature and interpersonal warmth (trust) information. Accordingly, we hypothesized that experiences of physical warmth (or coldness) would increase feelings of interpersonal warmth (or coldness), without the person's awareness of this influence. In study 1, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a "warmer" personality (generous, caring); in study 2, participants holding a hot (versus cold) therapeutic pad were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737341/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Lawrence E -- Bargh, John A -- MH-R01-60767/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060767-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):606-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162548.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 419, Boulder, CO, 80309-0419, USA. lawrence.williams@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Emotions ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Judgment ; Male ; Personality ; Social Behavior ; *Social Perception ; *Thermosensing ; *Trust
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Modulation of gene expression via disruption of NF-kappaB signaling by a bacterial small molecule (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-21
    Beschreibung: The control of innate immune responses through activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB is essential for the elimination of invading microbial pathogens. We showed that the bacterial N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-kappaB functions in activated mammalian cells. The consequence is specific repression of stimulus-mediated induction of NF-kappaB-responsive genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and other immune regulators. These findings uncover a strategy by which C12-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, attenuate the innate immune system to establish and maintain local persistent infection in humans, for example, in cystic fibrosis patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kravchenko, Vladimir V -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Mathison, John C -- Scott, David A -- Katz, Alexander Z -- Grauer, David C -- Lehmann, Mandy -- Meijler, Michael M -- Janda, Kim D -- Ulevitch, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):259-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1156499. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/*immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pseudomonas Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 48
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    Dynamic shifts of limited working memory resources in human vision (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-09
    Beschreibung: Our ability to remember what we have seen is very limited. Most current views characterize this limit as a fixed number of items-only four objects-that can be held in visual working memory. We show that visual memory capacity is not fixed by the number of objects, but rather is a limited resource that is shared out dynamically between all items in the visual scene. This resource can be shifted flexibly between objects, with allocation biased by selective attention and toward targets of upcoming eye movements. The proportion of resources allocated to each item determines the precision with which it is remembered, a relation that we show is governed by a simple power law, allowing quantitative estimates of resource distribution in a scene.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bays, Paul M -- Husain, Masud -- 061140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):851-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1158023.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. p.bays@ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attention ; Female ; Fixation, Ocular ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; *Mental Recall ; Models, Neurological ; *Saccades ; Vision, Ocular ; *Visual Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Minding controls in curriculum study (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercer, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1185-6; author reply 1185-6. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5867.1185.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; *Curriculum ; *Early Intervention (Education) ; Faculty ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; *Schools, Nursery
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Modafinil shifts human locus coeruleus to low-tonic, high-phasic activity during functional MRI (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-17
    Beschreibung: Models of cognitive control posit a key modulatory role for the pontine locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. In nonhuman primates, phasic LC-NE activity confers adaptive adjustments in cortical gain in task-relevant brain networks, and in performance, on a trial-by-trial basis. This model has remained untested in humans. We used the pharmacological agent modafinil to promote low-tonic/high-phasic LC-NE activity in healthy humans performing a cognitive control task during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Modafanil administration was associated with decreased task-independent, tonic LC activity, increased task-related LC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, and enhanced LC-PFC functional connectivity. These results confirm in humans the role of the LC-NE system in PFC function and cognitive control and suggest a mechanism for therapeutic action of procognitive noradrenergic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minzenberg, Michael J -- Watrous, Andrew J -- Yoon, Jong H -- Ursu, Stefan -- Carter, Cameron S -- MH059883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024146/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1700-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1164908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA. michael.minzenberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Benzhydryl Compounds/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; *Cognition/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Locus Coeruleus/drug effects/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Predicting human brain activity associated with the meanings of nouns (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: The question of how the human brain represents conceptual knowledge has been debated in many scientific fields. Brain imaging studies have shown that different spatial patterns of neural activation are associated with thinking about different semantic categories of pictures and words (for example, tools, buildings, and animals). We present a computational model that predicts the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neural activation associated with words for which fMRI data are not yet available. This model is trained with a combination of data from a trillion-word text corpus and observed fMRI data associated with viewing several dozen concrete nouns. Once trained, the model predicts fMRI activation for thousands of other concrete nouns in the text corpus, with highly significant accuracies over the 60 nouns for which we currently have fMRI data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Tom M -- Shinkareva, Svetlana V -- Carlson, Andrew -- Chang, Kai-Min -- Malave, Vicente L -- Mason, Robert A -- Just, Marcel Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1191-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152876.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tom.Mitchell@cs.cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Semantics ; Speech Perception/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Automatic mental associations predict future choices of undecided decision-makers (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-23
    Beschreibung: Common wisdom holds that choice decisions are based on conscious deliberations of the available information about choice options. On the basis of recent insights about unconscious influences on information processing, we tested whether automatic mental associations of undecided individuals bias future choices in a manner such that these choices reflect the evaluations implied by earlier automatic associations. With the use of a computer-based, speeded categorization task to assess automatic mental associations (i.e., associations that are activated unintentionally, difficult to control, and not necessarily endorsed at a conscious level) and self-report measures to assess consciously endorsed beliefs and choice preferences, automatic associations of undecided participants predicted changes in consciously reported beliefs and future choices over a period of 1 week. Conversely, for decided participants, consciously reported beliefs predicted changes in automatic associations and future choices over the same period. These results indicate that decision-makers sometimes have already made up their mind at an unconscious level, even when they consciously indicate that they are still undecided.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galdi, Silvia -- Arcuri, Luciano -- Gawronski, Bertram -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1100-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1160769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. silvia.galdi@unipd.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Attitude ; *Choice Behavior ; Culture ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Politics ; *Unconscious (Psychology)
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-16
    Beschreibung: Alcohol dependence is a major public health challenge in need of new treatments. As alcoholism evolves, stress systems in the brain play an increasing role in motivating continued alcohol use and relapse. We investigated the role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), a mediator of behavioral stress responses, in alcohol dependence and treatment. In preclinical studies, mice genetically deficient in NK1R showed a marked decrease in voluntary alcohol consumption and had an increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol. In a randomized controlled experimental study, we treated recently detoxified alcoholic inpatients with an NK1R antagonist (LY686017; n = 25) or placebo (n = 25). LY686017 suppressed spontaneous alcohol cravings, improved overall well-being, blunted cravings induced by a challenge procedure, and attenuated concomitant cortisol responses. Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to affective stimuli likewise suggested beneficial LY686017 effects. Thus, as assessed by these surrogate markers of efficacy, NK1R antagonism warrants further investigation as a treatment in alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉George, David T -- Gilman, Jodi -- Hersh, Jacqueline -- Thorsell, Annika -- Herion, David -- Geyer, Christopher -- Peng, Xiaomei -- Kielbasa, William -- Rawlings, Robert -- Brandt, John E -- Gehlert, Donald R -- Tauscher, Johannes T -- Hunt, Stephen P -- Hommer, Daniel -- Heilig, Markus -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 14;319(5869):1536-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1153813. Epub 2008 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; *Alcohol Drinking/drug therapy ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Ethanol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; *Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists ; Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; Triazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Gene therapy. Two teams report progress in reversing loss of sight (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):606-7. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5876.606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Blindness/genetics/*therapy ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dogs ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/genetics/*therapy ; cis-trans-Isomerases
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Aversive learning enhances perceptual and cortical discrimination of indiscriminable odor cues (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-29
    Beschreibung: Learning to associate sensory cues with threats is critical for minimizing aversive experience. The ecological benefit of associative learning relies on accurate perception of predictive cues, but how aversive learning enhances perceptual acuity of sensory signals, particularly in humans, is unclear. We combined multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging with olfactory psychophysics to show that initially indistinguishable odor enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) become discriminable after aversive conditioning, paralleling the spatial divergence of ensemble activity patterns in primary olfactory (piriform) cortex. Our findings indicate that aversive learning induces piriform plasticity with corresponding gains in odor enantiomer discrimination, underscoring the capacity of fear conditioning to update perceptual representation of predictive cues, over and above its well-recognized role in the acquisition of conditioned responses. That completely indiscriminable sensations can be transformed into discriminable percepts further accentuates the potency of associative learning to enhance sensory cue perception and support adaptive behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756335/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756335/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Wen -- Howard, James D -- Parrish, Todd B -- Gottfried, Jay A -- DC007653/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- K08 DC007653/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- K08 DC007653-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1842-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152837.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. wenli@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Association Learning ; Brain Mapping ; *Conditioning, Classical ; Cues ; *Discrimination Learning ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Odors ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; *Perception ; Smell/*physiology ; Stereoisomerism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-07
    Beschreibung: Serotonin (5-HT) has long been implicated in social behavior and impulsivity, but the mechanisms through which it modulates self-control remain unclear. We observed the effects of manipulating 5-HT function on behavior in the ultimatum game, where players must decide whether to accept or reject fair or unfair monetary offers from another player. Participants with depleted 5-HT levels rejected a greater proportion of unfair offers, but not fair offers, without showing changes in mood, fairness judgment, basic reward processing, or response inhibition. Our results suggest that 5-HT plays a critical role in regulating emotion during social decision-making.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504725/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504725/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crockett, Molly J -- Clark, Luke -- Tabibnia, Golnaz -- Lieberman, Matthew D -- Robbins, Trevor W -- 076244/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076274/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1739. doi: 10.1126/science.1155577. Epub 2008 Jun 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. mc536@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Decision Making/physiology ; *Emotions ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Serotonin/*physiology ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Germline allele-specific expression of TGFBR1 confers an increased risk of colorectal cancer (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-16
    Beschreibung: Much of the genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans is unexplained. Studying a Caucasian-dominated population in the United States, we showed that germline allele-specific expression (ASE) of the gene encoding transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor, TGFBR1, is a quantitative trait that occurs in 10 to 20% of CRC patients and 1 to 3% of controls. ASE results in reduced expression of the gene, is dominantly inherited, segregates in families, and occurs in sporadic CRC cases. Although subtle, the reduction in constitutive TGFBR1 expression alters SMAD-mediated TGF-beta signaling. Two major TGFBR1 haplotypes are predominant among ASE cases, which suggests ancestral mutations, but causative germline changes have not been identified. Conservative estimates suggest that ASE confers a substantially increased risk of CRC (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 29.1), but these estimates require confirmation and will probably show ethnic differences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672914/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672914/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valle, Laura -- Serena-Acedo, Tarsicio -- Liyanarachchi, Sandya -- Hampel, Heather -- Comeras, Ilene -- Li, Zhongyuan -- Zeng, Qinghua -- Zhang, Hong-Tao -- Pennison, Michael J -- Sadim, Maureen -- Pasche, Boris -- Tanner, Stephan M -- de la Chapelle, Albert -- CA108741/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA67941/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA108741/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA108741-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112520-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1361-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1159397. Epub 2008 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 3' Untranslated Regions ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Cell Line ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Smad3 Protein/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Political attitudes vary with physiological traits (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-20
    Beschreibung: Although political views have been thought to arise largely from individuals' experiences, recent research suggests that they may have a biological basis. We present evidence that variations in political attitudes correlate with physiological traits. In a group of 46 adult participants with strong political beliefs, individuals with measurably lower physical sensitivities to sudden noises and threatening visual images were more likely to support foreign aid, liberal immigration policies, pacifism, and gun control, whereas individuals displaying measurably higher physiological reactions to those same stimuli were more likely to favor defense spending, capital punishment, patriotism, and the Iraq War. Thus, the degree to which individuals are physiologically responsive to threat appears to indicate the degree to which they advocate policies that protect the existing social structure from both external (outgroup) and internal (norm-violator) threats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oxley, Douglas R -- Smith, Kevin B -- Alford, John R -- Hibbing, Matthew V -- Miller, Jennifer L -- Scalora, Mario -- Hatemi, Peter K -- Hibbing, John R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1667-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1157627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Political Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Attitude ; *Blinking ; Culture ; Electromyography ; Fear ; Female ; *Galvanic Skin Response ; Humans ; Male ; Noise ; *Politics ; Public Policy ; *Reflex, Startle ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Problems ; Social Values ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Medicine. A bruising battle over lung scans (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-03
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):600-3. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5876.600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*diagnosis/economics/therapy ; *Mass Screening/economics ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Smoking ; Tomography, Spiral Computed/*economics ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-19
    Beschreibung: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors associated with underlying dysregulation of frontostriatal circuitry. Central to neurobiological models of OCD is the orbitofrontal cortex, a neural region that facilitates behavioral flexibility after negative feedback (reversal learning). We identified abnormally reduced activation of several cortical regions, including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, during reversal learning in OCD patients and their clinically unaffected close relatives, supporting the existence of an underlying previously undiscovered endophenotype for this disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Samuel R -- Menzies, Lara -- Hampshire, Adam -- Suckling, John -- Fineberg, Naomi A -- del Campo, Natalia -- Aitken, Mike -- Craig, Kevin -- Owen, Adrian M -- Bullmore, Edward T -- Robbins, Trevor W -- Sahakian, Barbara J -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G001354/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105559847/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U1055.01.002.00001.01/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):421-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1154433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. srchamb@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Family ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/*physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology ; *Reversal Learning
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Health and urban living (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-09
    Beschreibung: The majority of people now live in urban areas and will do so for the foreseeable future. As a force in the demographic and health transition, urbanization is associated with falling birth and death rates and with the shift in burden of illness from acute childhood infections to chronic, noncommunicable diseases of adults. Urban inhabitants enjoy better health on average than their rural counterparts, but the benefits are usually greater for the rich than for the poor, thus magnifying the differences between them. Subject to better evidence, I suggest that the main obstacles to improving urban health are not technical or even financial, but rather are related to governance and the organization of civil society.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dye, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):766-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1150198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. dyec@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Birth Rate ; Child ; Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Population Growth ; Rural Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Urban Health ; Urban Population ; Urbanization
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-17
    Beschreibung: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis and has been implicated in coronary artery disease. Through a genome-wide association study, we have found that about 5% of the Lancaster Amish are heterozygous carriers of a null mutation (R19X) in the gene encoding apoC-III (APOC3) and, as a result, express half the amount of apoC-III present in noncarriers. Mutation carriers compared with noncarriers had lower fasting and postprandial serum triglycerides, higher levels of HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of LDL-cholesterol. Subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by coronary artery calcification, was less common in carriers than noncarriers, which suggests that lifelong deficiency of apoC-III has a cardioprotective effect.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pollin, Toni I -- Damcott, Coleen M -- Shen, Haiqing -- Ott, Sandra H -- Shelton, John -- Horenstein, Richard B -- Post, Wendy -- McLenithan, John C -- Bielak, Lawrence F -- Peyser, Patricia A -- Mitchell, Braxton D -- Miller, Michael -- O'Connell, Jeffrey R -- Shuldiner, Alan R -- M01 RR 000052/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR 16500/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000052-38/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500-030010/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR016500-04/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488-019001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488-029001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488-039001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK072488-049001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-02S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-03S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG018728-05S1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG18728/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046838-05/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL088119/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL088119-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL088119-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL072515-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084756/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084756-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084756-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL084756-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL72515/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1702-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1161524.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. tpollin@medicine.umaryland.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Apolipoprotein C-III/blood/*genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/*blood ; Christianity ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics/*prevention & control ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Fasting ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipids/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pennsylvania ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/*blood
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Relation between obesity and blunted striatal response to food is moderated by TaqIA A1 allele (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-18
    Beschreibung: The dorsal striatum plays a role in consummatory food reward, and striatal dopamine receptors are reduced in obese individuals, relative to lean individuals, which suggests that the striatum and dopaminergic signaling in the striatum may contribute to the development of obesity. Thus, we tested whether striatal activation in response to food intake is related to current and future increases in body mass and whether these relations are moderated by the presence of the A1 allele of the TaqIA restriction fragment length polymorphism, which is associated with dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene binding in the striatum and compromised striatal dopamine signaling. Cross-sectional and prospective data from two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies support these hypotheses, which implies that individuals may overeat to compensate for a hypofunctioning dorsal striatum, particularly those with genetic polymorphisms thought to attenuate dopamine signaling in this region.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681095/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681095/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stice, E -- Spoor, S -- Bohon, C -- Small, D M -- F31 MH081588/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH081588-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064560/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH064560-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):449-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1161550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. estice@ori.org .〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; *Body Mass Index ; Caudate Nucleus/physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Cues ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Eating ; Female ; *Food ; Humans ; Hyperphagia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Obesity/genetics/*physiopathology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Putamen/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/metabolism ; Regression Analysis ; Reward ; Signal Transduction ; *Weight Gain
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Biobanks. Canada launches massive study of adult cancer precursors (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1572-3. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5883.1572b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Biological Specimen Banks ; Canada ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Neoplasms/*etiology ; Public Health ; Risk Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The right and the good: distributive justice and neural encoding of equity and efficiency (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-10
    Beschreibung: Distributive justice concerns how individuals and societies distribute benefits and burdens in a just or moral manner. We combined distribution choices with functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the central problem of distributive justice: the trade-off between equity and efficiency. We found that the putamen responds to efficiency, whereas the insula encodes inequity, and the caudate/septal subgenual region encodes a unified measure of efficiency and inequity (utility). Notably, individual differences in inequity aversion correlate with activity in inequity and utility regions. Against utilitarianism, our results support the deontological intuition that a sense of fairness is fundamental to distributive justice but, as suggested by moral sentimentalists, is rooted in emotional processing. More generally, emotional responses related to norm violations may underlie individual differences in equity considerations and adherence to ethical rules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Ming -- Anen, Cedric -- Quartz, Steven R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1092-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153651. Epub 2008 May 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gift Giving ; Humans ; Judgment ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Morals ; Putamen/physiology ; Reward ; Septum of Brain/physiology ; *Social Behavior ; *Social Justice
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genomics. Read all about it--the first female genome! Or is it? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1274. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1274a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Netherlands ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Behavior Genetics Association. Do good sperm predict a good brain? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-26
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):487. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5888.487b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Pattern separation in the human hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-22
    Beschreibung: Pattern separation, the process of transforming similar representations or memories into highly dissimilar, nonoverlapping representations, is a key component of many functions ascribed to the hippocampus. Computational models have stressed the role of the hippocampus and, in particular, the dentate gyrus and its projections into the CA3 subregion in pattern separation. We used high-resolution (1.5-millimeter isotropic voxels) functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity during incidental memory encoding. Although activity consistent with a bias toward pattern completion was observed in CA1, the subiculum, and the entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices, activity consistent with a strong bias toward pattern separation was observed in, and limited to, the CA3/dentate gyrus. These results provide compelling evidence of a key role of the human CA3/dentate gyrus in pattern separation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829853/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829853/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakker, Arnold -- Kirwan, C Brock -- Miller, Michael -- Stark, Craig E L -- P41 RR15241-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000975/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB000975-04/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB008171/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB008171-01A1/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB00975-01/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1640-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1152882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Dentate Gyrus/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Parahippocampal Gyrus/physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Physiological
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    "Who" is saying "what"? Brain-based decoding of human voice and speech (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-08
    Beschreibung: Can we decipher speech content ("what" is being said) and speaker identity ("who" is saying it) from observations of brain activity of a listener? Here, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging with a data-mining algorithm and retrieve what and whom a person is listening to from the neural fingerprints that speech and voice signals elicit in the listener's auditory cortex. These cortical fingerprints are spatially distributed and insensitive to acoustic variations of the input so as to permit the brain-based recognition of learned speech from unknown speakers and of learned voices from previously unheard utterances. Our findings unravel the detailed cortical layout and computational properties of the neural populations at the basis of human speech recognition and speaker identification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Formisano, Elia -- De Martino, Federico -- Bonte, Milene -- Goebel, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):970-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1164318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. e.formisano@psychology.unimaas.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Algorithms ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; Phonetics ; *Speech ; *Speech Perception ; *Voice
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroimaging. Growing pains for fMRI (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1412-4. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Behavior ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Mental Processes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Epidemiology. Children's study needs pilot testing, panel finds (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-31
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1147. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5880.1147.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Child ; *Child Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.) ; *Pilot Projects ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroscience. Neural networks debunk phrenology (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-06-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knight, Robert T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3190, USA. rtknight@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Brain ; Cats ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Phrenology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Space Perception/physiology ; Visual Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genetically determined differences in learning from errors (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-12-08
    Beschreibung: The role of dopamine in monitoring negative action outcomes and feedback-based learning was tested in a neuroimaging study in humans grouped according to the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism DRD2-TAQ-IA. In a probabilistic learning task, A1-allele carriers with reduced dopamine D2 receptor densities learned to avoid actions with negative consequences less efficiently. Their posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC), involved in feedback monitoring, responded less to negative feedback than others' did. Dynamically changing interactions between pMFC and hippocampus found to underlie feedback-based learning were reduced in A1-allele carriers. This demonstrates that learning from errors requires dopaminergic signaling. Dopamine D2 receptor reduction seems to decrease sensitivity to negative action consequences, which may explain an increased risk of developing addictive behaviors in A1-allele carriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Tilmann A -- Neumann, Jane -- Reuter, Martin -- Hennig, Jurgen -- von Cramon, D Yves -- Ullsperger, Markus -- R01MH74457/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. tklein@cbs.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alleles ; *Avoidance Learning ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Feedback, Psychological ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*genetics/metabolism ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Research safety. Inquest flags little-known danger of high-containment labs (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-05-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkel, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control ; Adult ; Asphyxia/*etiology ; Australia ; *Containment of Biohazards ; *Environment, Controlled ; Humans ; *Laboratories/standards ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Explaining the relation between birth order and intelligence (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-06-26
    Beschreibung: Negative associations between birth order and intelligence level have been found in numerous studies. The explanation for this relation is not clear, and several hypotheses have been suggested. One family of hypotheses suggests that the relation is due to more-favorable family interaction and stimulation of low-birth-order children, whereas others claim that the effect is caused by prenatal gestational factors. We show that intelligence quotient (IQ) score levels among nearly 250,000 military conscripts were dependent on social rank in the family and not on birth order as such, providing support for a family interaction explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kristensen, Petter -- Bjerkedal, Tor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. petter.kristensen@stami.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; *Birth Order ; Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hierarchy, Social ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Military Personnel
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Social comparison affects reward-related brain activity in the human ventral striatum (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-11-24
    Beschreibung: Whether social comparison affects individual well-being is of central importance for understanding behavior in any social environment. Traditional economic theories focus on the role of absolute rewards, whereas behavioral evidence suggests that social comparisons influence well-being and decisions. We investigated the impact of social comparisons on reward-related brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). While being scanned in two adjacent MRI scanners, pairs of subjects had to simultaneously perform a simple estimation task that entailed monetary rewards for correct answers. We show that a variation in the comparison subject's payment affects blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in the ventral striatum. Our results provide neurophysiological evidence for the importance of social comparison on reward processing in the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fliessbach, K -- Weber, B -- Trautner, P -- Dohmen, T -- Sunde, U -- Elger, C E -- Falk, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life and Brain Center Bonn, Department of NeuroCognition and Clinic of Epileptology, Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Basal Ganglia/blood supply/*physiology ; Brain/blood supply/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; *Reward ; *Social Perception
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-04-17
    Beschreibung: Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 13 cohorts with 38,759 participants. The 16% of adults who are homozygous for the risk allele weighed about 3 kilograms more and had 1.67-fold increased odds of obesity when compared with those not inheriting a risk allele. This association was observed from age 7 years upward and reflects a specific increase in fat mass.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frayling, Timothy M -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Weedon, Michael N -- Zeggini, Eleftheria -- Freathy, Rachel M -- Lindgren, Cecilia M -- Perry, John R B -- Elliott, Katherine S -- Lango, Hana -- Rayner, Nigel W -- Shields, Beverley -- Harries, Lorna W -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Ellard, Sian -- Groves, Christopher J -- Knight, Bridget -- Patch, Ann-Marie -- Ness, Andrew R -- Ebrahim, Shah -- Lawlor, Debbie A -- Ring, Susan M -- Ben-Shlomo, Yoav -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Sovio, Ulla -- Bennett, Amanda J -- Melzer, David -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Loos, Ruth J F -- Barroso, Ines -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Karpe, Fredrik -- Owen, Katharine R -- Cardon, Lon R -- Walker, Mark -- Hitman, Graham A -- Palmer, Colin N A -- Doney, Alex S F -- Morris, Andrew D -- Smith, George Davey -- Hattersley, Andrew T -- McCarthy, Mark I -- 079557/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500070/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600705/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9815508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Z99 AG999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):889-94. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Magdalen Road, Exeter, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Birth Weight ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Great Britain ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*genetics ; Overweight/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Epidemiology. New estimates scale back scope of HIV/AIDS epidemic (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-12-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1360-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; United Nations
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 79
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    Clinical trials. Gene transfer an unlikely contributor to patient's death (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-12-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1535.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antirheumatic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects ; Dependovirus/genetics/immunology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors/adverse effects/immunology ; Histoplasmosis/*etiology ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Immunology. The root of platelet production (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddis, Amy E -- Kaushansky, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8811, USA. kkaushansky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/*cytology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes/*cytology ; Mice ; Thrombopoiesis/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    Gene therapy. Questions remain on cause of death in arthritis trial (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/*therapy ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Histoplasma ; Histoplasmosis/immunology/mortality ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    Childhood origins of adult resistance to science (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-05-19
    Beschreibung: Resistance to certain scientific ideas derives in large part from assumptions and biases that can be demonstrated experimentally in young children and that may persist into adulthood. In particular, both adults and children resist acquiring scientific information that clashes with common-sense intuitions about the physical and psychological domains. Additionally, when learning information from other people, both adults and children are sensitive to the trustworthiness of the source of that information. Resistance to science, then, is particularly exaggerated in societies where nonscientific ideologies have the advantages of being both grounded in common sense and transmitted by trustworthy sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Paul -- Weisberg, Deena Skolnick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Child ; *Culture ; Humans ; Intuition ; Learning ; Neurosciences ; Psychology ; *Science/education ; Trust ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Neuroscience. Spying on new neurons in the human brain (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-11-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):899-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Adult Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Animals ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Brain/cytology/embryology ; Brain Chemistry ; Child ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Hippocampus/chemistry/*cytology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Mice ; Rats ; Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Paleoanthropology. A new body of evidence fleshes out Homo erectus (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones ; Female ; *Fossils ; Georgia (Republic) ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-08-25
    Beschreibung: Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body experiences, leading to a striking disturbance of bodily self-consciousness. On the basis of these clinical data, we designed an experiment that uses conflicting visual-somatosensory input in virtual reality to disrupt the spatial unity between the self and the body. We found that during multisensory conflict, participants felt as if a virtual body seen in front of them was their own body and mislocalized themselves toward the virtual body, to a position outside their bodily borders. Our results indicate that spatial unity and bodily self-consciousness can be studied experimentally and are based on multisensory and cognitive processing of bodily information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lenggenhager, Bigna -- Tadi, Tej -- Metzinger, Thomas -- Blanke, Olaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1096-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Station 15, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Body Image ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; Male ; Perceptual Distortion ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Touch
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Comment on "A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-01-16
    Beschreibung: Herbert et al. (Reports, 14 April 2006, p. 279) reported an association between the INSIG2 gene variant rs7566605 and obesity in four sample populations, under a recessive model. We attempted to replicate this result in 10,265 Caucasian individuals, combining family-based, case-control, and general population studies, but found no support for a major role of this variant in obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dina, Christian -- Meyre, David -- Samson, Chantal -- Tichet, Jean -- Marre, Michel -- Jouret, Beatrice -- Charles, Marie Aline -- Balkau, Beverley -- Froguel, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):187; author reply 187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France. dina@good.ibl.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Family ; Female ; France ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Obesity/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    Immunology. Square-dancing antibodies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-09-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, Dennis R -- Wilson, Ian A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1507-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. burton@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Dimerization ; Glutathione/pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry ; Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 88
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    Comment on "A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-01-16
    Beschreibung: Herbert et al. (Reports, 14 April 2006, p. 279) found that the rs7566605 genetic variant, located upstream of the INSIG2 gene, was consistently associated with increased body mass index. However, we found no evidence of association between rs7566605 and body mass index in two large ethnically homogeneous population-based cohorts. On the contrary, an opposite tendency was observed.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719286/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2719286/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loos, Ruth J F -- Barroso, Ines -- O'rahilly, Stephen -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- 077016/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G9824984/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):187; author reply 187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK. ruth.loos@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Obesity/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 89
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    Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-07-14
    Beschreibung: Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Depue, Brendan E -- Curran, Tim -- Banich, Marie T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):215-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. depue@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Cues ; *Emotions ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Pulvinar/physiology ; *Repression, Psychology ; Thinking ; Visual Cortex/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-08-25
    Beschreibung: I report an illusion in which individuals experience that they are located outside their physical bodies and looking at their bodies from this perspective. This demonstrates that the experience of being localized within the physical body can be determined by the visual perspective in conjunction with correlated multisensory information from the body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrsson, H Henrik -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1048.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Henrik.Ehrsson@ki.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; *Body Image ; Female ; Humans ; Illusions ; Male ; Perceptual Distortion ; Touch
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-01-27
    Beschreibung: People typically exhibit greater sensitivity to losses than to equivalent gains when making decisions. We investigated neural correlates of loss aversion while individuals decided whether to accept or reject gambles that offered a 50/50 chance of gaining or losing money. A broad set of areas (including midbrain dopaminergic regions and their targets) showed increasing activity as potential gains increased. Potential losses were represented by decreasing activity in several of these same gain-sensitive areas. Finally, individual differences in behavioral loss aversion were predicted by a measure of neural loss aversion in several regions, including the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tom, Sabrina M -- Fox, Craig R -- Trepel, Christopher -- Poldrack, Russell A -- P20 RR020750/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; *Gambling ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Probability ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    Comment on "Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-10-06
    Beschreibung: Buschman and Miller (Reports, 30 March 2007, p. 1860) described the activity of ensembles of neurons in parietal and frontal cortex of monkeys performing visual search for targets that were easy or hard to distinguish from distractors. However, their conclusions are called into question by discrepancies between their results and publications from other laboratories measuring the same neural process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schall, Jeffrey D -- Pare, Martin -- Woodman, Geoffrey F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):44; author reply 44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. jeffrey.d.schall@vanderbilt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Electrophysiology/methods ; Haplorhini ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reaction Time ; Saccades
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Primary immunodeficiencies: a field in its infancy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-08-04
    Beschreibung: A paradigm shift is occurring in the field of primary immunodeficiencies, with revision of the definition of these conditions and a considerable expansion of their limits. Inborn errors of immunity were initially thought to be confined to a few rare, familial, monogenic, recessive traits impairing the development or function of one or several leukocyte subsets and resulting in multiple, recurrent, opportunistic, and fatal infections in infancy. A growing number of exceptions to each of these conventional qualifications have gradually accumulated. It now appears that most individuals suffer from at least one of a multitude of primary immunodeficiencies, the dissection of which is helping to improve human medicine while describing immunity in natura.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- Abel, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):617-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U550, Paris, France. casanova@necker.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiopathology ; Immunity, Active ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics/*immunology ; Infant ; Infection/etiology/*immunology ; Mutation ; Phenotype
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    LRP6 mutation in a family with early coronary disease and metabolic risk factors (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-03-03
    Beschreibung: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is commonly caused by a constellation of risk factors called the metabolic syndrome. We characterized a family with autosomal dominant early CAD, features of the metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes), and osteoporosis. These traits showed genetic linkage to a short segment of chromosome 12p, in which we identified a missense mutation in LRP6, which encodes a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway. The mutation, which substitutes cysteine for arginine at a highly conserved residue of an epidermal growth factor-like domain, impairs Wnt signaling in vitro. These results link a single gene defect in Wnt signaling to CAD and multiple cardiovascular risk factors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945222/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945222/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, Arya -- Radhakrishnan, Jayaram -- Wang, He -- Mani, Alaleh -- Mani, Mohammad-Ali -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Carew, Khary S -- Mane, Shrikant -- Najmabadi, Hossein -- Wu, Dan -- Lifton, Richard P -- K08 HD041481/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K08 HD041481-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01DK68229/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL55007/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1278-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. arya.mani@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics ; Coronary Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Family Health ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Lipids/blood ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation, Missense ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Osteoporosis/genetics ; Pedigree ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    Leptin regulates striatal regions and human eating behavior (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-08-11
    Beschreibung: Studies of the fat-derived hormone leptin have provided key insights into the molecular and neural components of feeding behavior and body weight regulation. An important challenge lies in understanding how the rewarding properties of food interact with, and can override, physiological satiety signals and promote overeating. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain responses in two human patients with congenital leptin deficiency who were shown images of food before and after 7 days of leptin replacement therapy. Leptin was found to modulate neural activation in key striatal regions, suggesting that the hormone acts on neural circuits governing food intake to diminish the perception of food reward while enhancing the response to satiety signals generated during food consumption.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farooqi, I Sadaf -- Bullmore, Edward -- Keogh, Julia -- Gillard, Jonathan -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Fletcher, Paul C -- 064351/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 068086/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9824984/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1355. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Department of Medicine and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. isf20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*physiology ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin/*deficiency/*physiology/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Satiation/physiology ; Visual Perception/drug effects/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Are women really more talkative than men? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-07-07
    Beschreibung: Women are generally assumed to be more talkative than men. Data were analyzed from 396 participants who wore a voice recorder that sampled ambient sounds for several days. Participants' daily word use was extrapolated from the number of recorded words. Women and men both spoke about 16,000 words per day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mehl, Matthias R -- Vazire, Simine -- Ramirez-Esparza, Nairan -- Slatcher, Richard B -- Pennebaker, James W -- MH 52391/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mehl@email.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Verbal Behavior
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Pneumococcal vaccines and flu preparedness (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-04-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klugman, Keith P -- Madhi, Shabir A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/*complications/mortality ; Pneumococcal Infections/complications/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & ; control ; *Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Vaccines, Conjugate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Developmental biology. Field leaps forward with new stem cell advances (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-11-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1224-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; *Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Skin/*cytology/embryology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    How the brain translates money into force: a neuroimaging study of subliminal motivation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-04-14
    Beschreibung: Unconscious motivation in humans is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. We imaged motivational processes, implemented in a paradigm that varied the amount and reportability of monetary rewards for which subjects exerted physical effort. We show that, even when subjects cannot report how much money is at stake, they nevertheless deploy more force for higher amounts. Such a motivational effect is underpinned by engagement of a specific basal forebrain region. Our findings thus reveal this region as a key node in brain circuitry that enables expected rewards to energize behavior, without the need for the subjects;awareness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pessiglione, Mathias -- Schmidt, Liane -- Draganski, Bogdan -- Kalisch, Raffael -- Lau, Hakwan -- Dolan, Ray J -- Frith, Chris D -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):904-6. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroImaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square London WC1N 3BG, UK. pessigli@ccr.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motivation ; Prosencephalon/*physiology ; *Reward ; *Subliminal Stimulation ; *Unconscious (Psychology)
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-03-10
    Beschreibung: Sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A widely held model assumes that this is because newly encoded memories undergo covert reactivation during sleep. We cued new memories in humans during sleep by presenting an odor that had been presented as context during prior learning, and so showed that reactivation indeed causes memory consolidation during sleep. Re-exposure to the odor during slow-wave sleep (SWS) improved the retention of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories but not of hippocampus-independent procedural memories. Odor re-exposure was ineffective during rapid eye movement sleep or wakefulness or when the odor had been omitted during prior learning. Concurring with these findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant hippocampal activation in response to odor re-exposure during SWS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasch, Bjorn -- Buchel, Christian -- Gais, Steffen -- Born, Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1426-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160/23a, 23538 Lubeck, Germany. rasch@kfg.uni-luebeck.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cues ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Odors ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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