ALBERT

Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earthponds or plastis thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly avalable in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Induced polyploidy is a suitable tool for producing sterile fish which made commercial benefits in the aquaculture industry. This study carried out in order to produce triploid-interploid population via mating tetraploid female with diploid male rainbow trout. Heat shock was used for making tetraploid population and the best temperature and induction time were examined. Result showed that highest mortality from 1 day after fertilization to emerging were in groups 6 of embryos (40.1%) and the lowest were in groups 3 (33 %). Flowcytometry results showed that some fish were polyploidy. Comparative analyze of genome levels in tetraploid fish to control fish (diploid) and hen as standard indicator, confirmed tetraploid fishes in this study. In conclusion we can state that heat shock induction for 7 minutes at 65 hour –degree after fertilization in 28 ºC is optimum temperature for inducting tetraploid rainbow trout.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to investigation use of different ration from acorn meal in diet of rainbow trout as a plate binder and nutrient, The experiment was carried out in complete random in design. The treatments were 1,2,3 and 4, which contained of 0,2,4,6 percent of acorn meal in different diets respectively. Four repeat had been make in each treatment. This experiment were conducted on 1600 Juveniles rainbow trout with initial average weight of 74 gr, for 120 days after antiseptic processes in 16 polyethylene pound of 1.8 1.4 0.9 m length, width and depth respectively, in Boldaje station in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The diets were formulated with local material which could providing nutritive requirement of rainbow trout in principle of NRC with UFFDA soft ware dietary, as diets contained of 0,2,4,6 percent Acorn meal and other nutrient were equal. The feed were given 3 time a day on biomass basis of pounds. During of experiment, once every two weeks, after anaesthetize 50 percent of fishes in each pound were measuring a bout weight and length and the data were taken. At the final of experiment for determination of carcass characteristics, comprising of crud protein, fat, ash and dry matter, 10 fish carcass of each pounds were analyzed by AOAC procedure after removal of fins, fill gut and head, The results showed which final weigh increase was more in treat 4 and have been significant differences with others. The greatest length was observed in treat four which had significant differences with treat 1. Feed consumption were not significant differences between any treats, but was more in treat 4. Feed conversion ratio affected by treat, and the best was in treat 4, which had significant, differing with treat 1. For carcass characteristic, all treat was similar, exception for ash which more in treat four. Diets stability showed that the least stability was in treat 1 and the highest was seen in treat 4. The result of this study showed that we could use of acorn meal such as nutrient and plate binder because effect on fish rising, because improvement in fattening performance and carcass characteristics in diet of rainbow trout.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out about 15 months to determine suitable locations for the development of aquaculture across the Gamasiab river of Hamedan province in 2007 - 2008. Physicochemical parameters and macro benthic invertebrates fauna15 and 13 staitions respectively every 45 days and seasonally fish identify in 8 stations were performed according standard methods. The average water temperature was 12.8±3.7 oC, minimum and maximum dissoled oxygen were 2.6 and 12.5 mg/lit respectively during the study. The pH range was between 7.5-8.8 , the minimum and maximum Ec was 250 and 750 µmos/cm in Mehr and Tir.The transparency range was recorded about 1-103 F.T.U. The uder factors such as amount of suspended materials: 0.01-0.1 mg/l, amount of BOD5: 0.05-6.2 mg/l and COD: 30 (minimum) and 70.57 (maximum) were recirded. The total solids material (T.S.S) were less than 1 mg/lit. Totally 37 groups of bentic organisms were identified which 11 groups of them were appertained to pollutionsensitive orders containing Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera. During fish population studied 21 species belonging 5 family were identified. Based on obtained results of biological, ecological, economic and social parameters, 10 sites in 7 areas were suitable identified for fish rearing and 12 aquaculture programs (10 plan for fish rearing and 2 plan for increasing fish production of (Onchorhynchus mikiss).The minimum and maximum production capacity in mentioned places was stimated about 1675 and 3850 tons respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Carp aquaculture is one of Maine potential for commercial and rural development , employing enhancement and earning income .This enterprise which is conducted by using fresh water and unfertile lands have been attended in the country since last seven decades. In accordance to wide area of cultivation in the country, maximum production is about 150000 tonnes in 2010. Establishment of aquaculture center by technical deputy of president, made a suitable opportunity for preparation of carp development road map. In this report, present condition and problems in front of carp development have been analyzed , and regarding to targets of long term country development, projects for research and executive sectors have been prepared.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sabzkooh in Ardal and Gandoman region in Charmahal province with annual production of 1300 metric tons of rainbow trout, is one of the most important rivers in the province. The effects of fish farms effluent on the river water quality and the possibilities to develop or limit the existing ones were studied. Flora and fauna of the river including Phyto and zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled and studied. Moreover some key physico-chemical water quality parameters, concentrations of stable pollutants (heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and agricultural poisons (herbicides or pesticides: DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate) and Coliform contamination were also measured. All phytoplankton genus were of tow taxa, Cianophyta and Chrysophyta and zooplankton fauna belonged to Rotatoria, Protozoa and meroplanktonic chirinomids and nematodes. Four fish species from 3 families were identified of which rainbow trout had the highest relative frequency (94.6%).All the measured heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and the agricultural poisons concentrations such as DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate were lower than the hazardous level suggested for the surface waters. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates populations study, stations at downstream (no. 6 and 7) which received the Chartakhteh and Rudarud farms effluent had least EPT richness and the hilsenhof family level biotic index at this locations was greater than 5.25, classifying them as having organic pollution. Even though measured key physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients (N and P compounds and BOD5) in the receiving stations and effluent water never exceed the maximum permitted range but in downstream stations these factors were very close to the range. One way analyze of variance (P 95%) for TN, TP, No2, NH4, BOD5, pH, PO4 and Ec revealed no significant differences between stations before and just after receiving the effluents, however these parameters in the effluents themselves significantly differ from upstream stations 1,2 and 3 proving relatively lower organic pollution and the potential for constructing new farms or expanding the existed ones in upstream region from Chartagh to Dehnoo. At downstream from Dehnoo to Rudarud and lower parts, dense trout farm effluents in addition with point and non point pollution (municipal, agricultural and other coming run off from the catchments area) had remarkable effects on the river water quality and as a result no farm construction or expansion is recommended. To avoid or reduce the existing farms effects on the river system there should be certainly some remediation actions carried out. Constructing sedimentation ponds before releasing the effluents, obeying the rule of water extracting, preventing fish escape, increasing feeding efficiency and controlling the lateral inlets from catchments area which are potentially pollutant, should be considered to improve the situation and prevent further environmental problems caused by fish farms effluent in these area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study on Viral Nervouse necrosis (isolation, characterisation and pathogenesis) in Golden grey mullet in the Caspian Sea and study of pathogenecity and possibility of transmission to the other fish species (Sturgeon fishes, Rutilus frisii kutum and reared Rainbow trout and Carp) Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is a worldwide disease affecting several species of cultured marine fish. For the past two decades, betanodavirus infections that cause Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) have emerged as major constraints on the culture and sea ranching of marine fish in almost all parts of the world. More than forty species mainly of marine origin have been so far affected and this number is likely to rise in future following the introduction of new species and the increase of aquaculture trade. Unknown acute mortality occurred in wild golden grey mullet Lisa auratus and Liza saliens in Iranian waters of Caspian Sea in recent years. In order to isolation and confirmation of causative agents of golden grey mullet mortality in the Caspian Sea, a complementary research investigation project was designed in 2005 and approved immediately in Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO). Many diagnostic aspects such as Virology (Cell culture and Elctereone Microscopy), Hemathology, Bacteriology, Histopathology, Molecular biology (NestedRT-PCR), Heavy metals measuerment and Serology (IFAT and IHC) were employed in mentioned multidiciplinary project. About 322 moribund fish samples which revealed skin darkening, erratic swimming behavior such as spiral and belly-up at rest and high distention of swimming bladder. Suspected samples were collected from coastal capture sites in iranian north proviences in 2006 till 2009. Targets tissue such as brain and eye were removed in strile condition and then kept in -80oC frezzer for cell culture and Nested-RT-PCR. Other tissue samples from liver, kidney, intestine, stomach, gill, skin and muscle, gall bladder and gonads were taken and fixed in 10% buffer formalin and same parts fixed in glutaraldehyde 3% for histopathology, IHC and EM respectively. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in those cell cultures just six days after inoculation with the dilutions of the tested 312 homogenate supernatants. CPE in monolayers of cells cultured (SSN-1 cell line) was characterised by thin or rounded, refractile, granular cells with vacuoles. Nine samples were positive in virology assay. Nested- RT-PCR was done on suspected tissue samples and supernatant of CPE positive samples and 21 tissue samples and all CPE positive samples were positive. IFAT was selected as a confirmatory method for identifying viral strains replicating on cell cultures and carried out with rabbit anti-betanodavirus serum on suspected tissue samples and some smears of CPE positive samples. Some bright points approved betanodavirus antigen and confirmed cell culture and Nested-RT-PCR findings. In fixed tissue samples widespread and massive vacuolation were observed in brain, spinal cord, retina and optical nerve. In order to confirmation of diagnostic findings , IHC was done with monoclonal antibody antibetanodavirus and some red-brown points were observed. Theses findings revealed expected viral antigens and confirmed previous results. Moreover, virus particles with 25-30 nm in diameter were visualized in infected brain and retina using positive staining in TEM. Also pathogenicity test was employed to confirm the obtained results. So Guppy fish Poecilia reticulata and sturgeon fry were used instead of the experimental host due to ease of handling and susceptibility. After 15 days post infection, guppy bathed in VNN-infected tissue culture with 104 TCID50 showed clinical signs similar to naturally infected Golden grey mullet, and the mortality rate reached up to 100% in 75 dpi. When target organs were examined by cell culture isolation, serology, and histopathology, all revealed the presence of virus in the Guppy. Suspected supernatant injected to sturgeon fry through intravitreous injection and widespread vacuolation were observed in brain and spinal cord buy IHC and Real time PCR were negative. In conclusion, with attntion to obtained results in this investigation such as ecological factors, clinical signs, histopathological, virological and bacteriological results, molecular analysis, (IHC, IFAT, PCR), TEM demonstration, serological and hematological findings, it could be confirmed that VNNV was the main causative agent for disease outbreak in Golden grey mullet in Southern coastline of Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Frequently,the development of quantitative traits in livestock based on breeding programs has been more important.In spite of higher selection response in fish than in farm animal, it is no progress in fish breeding programs in some regions such as IRAN, because of little information of genetic variation of stock, disconstructed or undesigned base population, the deterioration of genetic resourse and don’t well informed educated researchers,extension workers and aquaculturists in breeding theory and its practical issues. At first step,in Yasouj Coldwater Fishes Breeding Research Center, in order to conducting combined selection program in rainbow trout broodstock as base population and their offsprings in mixed age parents,150 female and male broods with higher mean weight were selected,striped in 6 stage and eggs were incubated.One-year Fishes(45000 pcs.) of the six groups with higher mean weight in 5 stage were selected(438 pcs.) and remainder was discarded. Before selection, a few fishes of six aged-groups as control group were cultured apart. Difference(p〈0.05) induced between mean weight of the selected groups and with control group was because of age difference in them and of no deletion in control group(don’t throw out small individuals) by selection.The whole groups don’t have significant difference (p〉0.05) in FCR and FER. Based on results, it isn’t told that difference between experimental and control groups is a result of genetic improvement of growth rate trait induced of selection process in one generation and the continue of this program for several generations in order to reveal the development of a quantitative trait is unevitable and mating of selected broods(438 fish) in a crossbreeding program and the selection of offsprings is essential.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study aimed to determine domain the adaptability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings in fresh water up to 20 per thousand (grams per liter) for providing facilities for growing this valuable species in the aquatic environment with salinity unconventional been completed. For this purpose the biochemical, bloody and physiologic parameters rainbow trout were studied to determine the adjustment range .Fingerlings fishes from cold water fish farm in the province Mazandran were prepared and for experiments were transferred to the Ecological Institute of Caspian Sea . Fingerlings with an average weight 31.56 ± 0. 07 SE g and average fork length 13.80 ± 0.15 SE cm, in 3 treatments in water with salinities (fresh, 13 and 20 grams per thousand) with a density of 15 numbers in polyethylene to 300-liter tank containing the 250 liters of water testing were introduced.Fresh water from Tajan rivers and water psu13 from the water Caspian Sea and water psu20 by mixing water the Caspian Sea and Sea salt was prepared . The daily amount to 50 percent of the of water tankss been replaced .During the experimental period was for 7 days and were not fed during the experiment.The water parameters was measured during the experiment included 6 ppm dissolved oxygen, pH equal to 8.2 and temperature 15.5 ° C . In the experimental period were not observed Losses in the experimental groups . The results showed that fish gill and kidney introduced in different salinities by making appropriate changes in chloride cells in the gills through increasing the number and the volume of these cells at the base of secondary blades and tubules in the kidney tubules to create greater interior space, are adapted to By changing salinity.Relatively parameters osmolarity, sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin,number of red blood and white cells in water saltier than freshwater environment was higher (0.05〈 p, Duncan). Changes in hematological and blood plasma ionic parameters and vital organs Fingerlings indicates a willingness adaptability and the ability physiological adaptation fingerling was consistent with changes to environmental salinity brackish water .So, the factors measured with increasing salinity the uptrend that the range of variation for the osmolarite 449-281 mOsmol kg, for sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, respectively, 211- 151, 165121, 3 / 3 7/0, 87. 53 mmol and the calcium 22-13 mg per dL.The measured values for hematocrit 32.2- 38.8%, hemoglobin 6.2 - 8.6 g per deciliter and the red and white blood cells, was respectively, 1.2-1.7×106 and the 15.6 -18.9×103.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Fish culture has developoed in Yazd province of Iran since recent decade and the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss is the most important fisheries product in the area. There is a few information about carcass composition of cultured fish in Iran. Rainbow trout samples were collected from 6 fish brackish and fresh water fish farms of Yazd province during February 2007. Fish muscle samples were freezed in -30 C after being homogenized, till laboratory analyses. Proximate composition of samples contained 17.05-18.53% crude protein, 2.35-5.13% total fat, 1.31-1.7% ash and 74.18-77.05% wet. Saturated fatty acids including palmitic acid (14.06-19.60%), stearic acid (6.44-6.1%), myristic acid (1.29-5.66%) and lauric acid (0.13-2.76), also unsaturated fatty acids oleic (30.24-40.14%) and linoleic (21.18-38.85%) were extracted from muscle tissue of fish of different farms, using GC. Other unsaturated fatty acids including -linolenic acid, EPA and DHA had low concentrations (1-3%) in samples. Vitamin E level was 4.33-94.34 g/100gr. Concentration of minerals in homogenated muscle tissues were as: Na 822.58-1052.78ppm, K 12272.75-13715.25ppm, Ca 104.75-171.03ppm, Fe 19-40ppm, Cu 0.044- 1.01ppb, Zn 7.02-12.47ppb, Cd 0.879-1.099ppb and Cr 1.895-3.86ppb. Heavy metal concentrations were lower than permitted values.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In many species of finfish, females exhibit higher growth rates than males and achieve larger sizes. In addition, in some species, males mature before reaching marketable size. Therefore, there is great interest from the fish farmers to produce all-female stocks. In this project tried to reversing the sex of rainbow trout larvae by 17 estradiol and direct method, further more finding the optimum dose of this natural estrogen for endocrine sex reversion of Rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Four experimental treatments were designed with doses of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kgf. Trout which treated with 40 mg/kgf yielded 96% female and greatest growth.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation conducted for evaluation Silo (Cylindrical) Fish Tanks as an applicable method for aquaculture of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Current research was designed in two practical phases as accidental experiments through 3 treatments and repeats of which stocked by three Rainbow trout (375 gr) densities as 75, 100 and 125 fish/m3 in 9 silo fish tanks (2 m3). For better understandings of the silo performance method, concrete circular fish tanks (similar volume) considered as controls and stocked as similar fish densities as silo tanks. The duration of the first phase of experiment was 150 days. The second phase of the experiment was determined for evaluating two proposed silo type (Inlet and outlet in bottom side / Inlet from bottom and outlet in upper side). In this stage, proposed silos (stocked by fish of 294 gr weigh) tested for rearing trout for 30 days. Water supplied from two surface wells after some aeration operations. Stocked fish were fed by pellets made by Fish Feed Chineh Company (Ltd) in Iran. Feeding operation conducted according to the recognized manuals by consideration of water temperature, fish weight and biomass. Meanwhile, biometry operation conducted in 10 days intervals while fish were anaesthetized. In addition, water quality was determined by daily measurements. According to the results of the first phase of experiment, there were significant variations on Growth rate, survival rate, FCR, FCE and SGR through the cultured organisms in silo tanks compared to the circular tanks. Meanwhile, according the results of an economic study on this survey, the fish culture in silo tanks showed significant economical and profitable in compare to controls. In additions, the second phase of experiment showed better aeration conditions in silo tanks when inlet water supply from bottom side and outlet located in upper side. Because of the fine distribution of fish in silo tanks and more usage of depth by this method, fish culture would be an applicable and profitable technique in narrow lands and slopes through the mountains area. The maximum stocking rate recorded more than 100 Kg fish/m3 in silo tanks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation carried out for the first time in Iran inorder to prodcution of monosex female and also sterilization in Rainbow trout. In this study, the eggs of general females were fertilized with the sperm of sex reversed male and so monosex female population was produced in second generation and sterilization carried out with oral administration of 17α methy 1 testosterone and immenrsion and oral administiration methods were used in embryonic stage and from commencing of acitve feeding of larvae, respectiverly. For sex reversal , 13 treatments were considered totally, that the most percentage of male (100%) was observedc in a treatment including of orally administration of 0.5 ppm hormone for 60 days after commencing active feeding (P〈0.001). In the other treamtnet, different percentages of sex ratio including male, female, intersex and sterility were observed. The offspring of genral eggs fertilization with the sperm of masculinized fish were 100% female, chisquare test was shown the treatment of orally administration of 30 ppm hormone for 120 days after commencing active feeding that had been considered for sterilization, was produced 90% sterile fish (P〈0.001) and was changed the sex ratio significancthy. Morphological changes of the gonads and sperm ducts in matured fish and also histological changes in the gonads of fish in the treamtints were considerable.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculure and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. these areas(North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions,and production time table. Survey was started frome 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces.results revieled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase , protamex , pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio) , silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) , grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I ). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS ( Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus delberuki , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus thermophilus ) and TSB ( Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples . Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat ) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then . The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to perform the project, 446 samples of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) from 24 different regions in Iran were collected. About 2-3 g of caudal fin samples was collected from each specimen and preserved in absolute ethyl alcohol and then transferred to the genetic laboratory. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method and then DNA content and quality was determined using spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA fin samples was carried out using 10 pairs of microsatellite primers. All PCR products were electrophoresed on 6% polyacrylamide gel and stained with silver nitrate. Following the scoring of alleles, all parameters including allelic frequency, effective number of allele, observed and expected heterozygosity, shanon index, measurement of similarity and genetic distance and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Fst , Rst and gene flow were calculated using AMOVA analysis in the GenAlex and Popgene programs. The results showed that 8 pairs of microsatellite primers were polymorphic. In total, 50 alleles were determined with the range size of 64-280 bp. The locus omyf had maximum number of allele (26) and loci OTSG 474 and Strurruta58 had minimum number of allele (5). The observed heterozygosity was between 0.86 and 0.964. Hardy-Weinberg departure was observed for all loci from farms 18, 15, 4, E20 and 21 and were disequilibrium (P〈0.05). The farms 14, 8, 7 and 6 were equilibrium at 3 loci, but showed disequilibrium in other loci. The other farms were equilibrium at 1 or 2 loci and disequilibrium at 8 or 9 loci. The FST results showed that maximum FST (0.24) were between farms 1 and 11in which had minimum of gene flow (3.7). Minimum FST (0.04) were between farms 8 and 9 in which had maximum of gene flow (346). Based on the results of AMOVA analysis, significant differences were detected between all farms (P〈0.01). Furthermore, based on Nei 's standard (1972) maximum genetic distance (0.89) were observed between farms 2 and 11 and maximum genetic similarity (0.15) were detected between farms 3 and 4. This result suggests that the unique genetic variation of rainbow trout in hatchery farms of Iran represents a highly valuable genetic resource and provide useful information for creating a based population in the future breeding programs.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study investigated the potential production of rainbow trout in 9 new concret ponds (19 × 2.2 × 1.5 m) in two stages including 50 gr (small size fish) and 300 gr fattened fish). In stage one (small size fish production), 3 different stock densities including 100, 115 and 130 fish/m2 with initial average weight 5 ± 1 gr and in the second stage (fattened fish), 60, 70 and 80 fish/m2 with initial average weight 65 ± 5 gr were used. Both stages carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments for 75 days and 180 days during the first and second stages, respectively. In the experiment 1 (stage one), results showed that treatment with 100 fish/m2 had significantly higher weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio than other groups (P 〈 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the treatments for feed intake after 30 days (P 〉 0.05), but 130 fish/m2 had significantly the highest feed intake (100.33 gr/fish) after 75 days (P 〈 0.05). The highest specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly related to 100 fish/m2 compared to other treatments (P〈0.05). In the experiment 2, treatment contain 60 fish/m2 during 60, 120 and 180 rearnig days showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate (0.83, 0.91 and 0.84, respectively), protein efficiency ratio, and also lower feed conversion ratio than other treatments (P〈0.05). The highest feed intake was significantly observed in 80 fish/m2 stock density after 180 days compared to other groups. In the second experiment (fattened fish) only 60 fish/m2 stock density showed the highest performance after 180 days. Therefore, the optimum stock density was 100 fish/m2 up to 50 gr (small size fish production) and 60 fish/m2 up to 300 gr (fattened fish).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Residual level of 17- Beta Stradiol and progesterone hormones in rainbow trout fish plasma were measured during different period using RIA method. Blood sampling from abdominal aorta were taken from 70 individual of female fishes (100±11 g) which had been exposed to hormone at 0.5, 1,2,4,8,12,24 and 168 h (7 groups) compared with control group which was not exposed to this hormone .Results showed that plasma hormones measurement in different fish groups after exposing had significant differences (P〈0.01) and the highest and lowest 17-Beta Stradiol hormone residue were observed in fishes that exposed 0.5h and 168h to hormone respectively (121±9 ng. ml^-1 and 3±0.9 ng. ml^-1 ) but there is no any differences between fishes exposed 168h to hormone and control group. Also the highest progesterone hormone level were measured in fishes 0.5 an 1h exposed and the lowest one was in fishes 168 h exposed. The range of progesterone hormone were between 0.3 to 1.1 ng .ml^-1 and significant increasing of this hormone levels were obtained in fishes exposed to hormone 4 to 24h (P〈0.01). As consequence these hormone can not residue in fishes for a long time and maximum after one week the levels back to the normal.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Tilapia is the second cultured fish in the world. Up to 135 countries produces tilapia. Intensive culture systems of tilapia such as cage culture are recently developed because of limitations of water resources. In Iran, studies about tilapia were started in National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics from November 2008 and some aspects of tilapia aquaculture and culture systems are surveyed. Investigation about cage culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was performed in two culture periods of 2012 and 2014 in fresh and brackish water conditions of Iran for the first time. Stocking densities of fish in the cages were 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 fish/m^3 . 100g fish stocked reached 272-331 g during 80 days in the first study. However, 50g fish stocked reached 329-450 g during 145 days in the second study. Results of cage culture of tilapia in fresh and brackish water conditions showed ranges of FCR: 1.56-3.72 and 1.08-1.87, DGR: 1.63-2.91 and 2.14-2.92 g/day, SGR: 0.63-1.12 and 1.29-1.54, production: 5.98-38 and 7.17-41.6 kg/m^3 , respectively. Stocking densities 75-125 fish/ m^3 were appropriate especially in fish reared in brackish water cages.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first(unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world(eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results,the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and femenizatiom without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Common carp is the most important culture fish in the word, that can be consider as domestic fish. The Common carp of Caspian Sea is one of the economic fish, that have some morphenological differences, resistance in salt water and better quality in meet with domestic once and for using this fish in culture system, it is necessary to establish genetically parameters especially the heritability for selection purpose. The present study have been started from 2007 and lasted 3 years. The breeders were collected from the Gomishan station in south-east of Caspian Sea by fisherman and stocked in S.Rajaei fish restocking center and propagate based on the routine propagation technique in this farm. For heritability estimation a factorial crosses by 7×7 fish were done. Therefore, the fingerlings of 49 crosses were achieved, that kept first separately fiberglass tank and then in pond separately. Weight and length of fish were choice for heritability estimation. The average weight of juvenile common carp in 3 sampling stage of 90, 180 and 360 days, were 5.9, 35.7 and 84.7 gram and length of 9.6, 14.7 and 19.2 cm respectively. The heritability estimation for weight was 0.26 and length 0.25. Selection response based on selection difference by collection the more average breeders among their progeny were 36.4 g that means by selection every generation, there is about 4 percent improving in fish weight.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The comparative study of the streptococcinum, Hepar sulfur, Rosmarinus officinalis and erythromycin effects on cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with experimental streptococcosis Homeopathy is one of alternative medicines that is very useful for soul and body diseases with accurate prescription . The goal of this study was “ survey of the effects of homeopathic remedies. There is not any more research about homeopathy on aquatics in the world especially in Iran, thus Some research about the effects of homeopathy on aquatics is needed. In this study , the effects of streptococcinum,Hepar sulfure, Rosmarinus officinalis(homeopathic remedies) and erythromycin in cultured rainbow trout ,with experimental streptococcosis, also the mortality, were compared. There was 6 treatment and 2 reviews in 300 liter tanks that each of treatment contained 40 juvenile rainbow trout with 25±5 gr arrange weight . Treatment 1: contained of erythromycin. Treatment 2: Streptococcinum C30. Treatment 3: Rosmarinus officinalis Q. Treatment 4: Hepar sulfur C30 . Treatment 5:(control treatment )without any injection and any therapy . Treatment 6 : ( positive control treatment ) with injection but without any therapy. Daily estimation of the water temperature , oxygen, PH and salinity and some other chemical factors. Tretment 1 had significance with the other treatments. Survival percent in treatments and their analysis showed that treatment 4(Hep-s) had significance (p〈0.05) with treatment 3(Ros-off) and its survival percent is more than the other homeopathic remedies. Erythromycin is chemical drug and has many side effects but Hep-s has not any side effect and is an natural remedy for Streptococcosis in homeopathy. Thus we offer the Hep-s to cure the streptococcosis but some research with disk diffusion test about the different doses of Hep-s is needed. Daily survey of clinical symptoms such as hemorrhages in the external organs, Under eyes, under skin, under fins and gills, hemorrhages and exophthalmos , were the most symptoms . Important pathological symptoms were: necrosis , hyperplasia and melanosis in branches, liver and kidneys, hemorrhages in heart, kidneys and in visceral tissues. According to the survival results, there was significant difference between the treatment 1 and the other treatments(p〈0.05). Also there was significant difference between treatment 3, treatment 4 and treatment 2(p〈0.05), this difference is due to the high dose(Q) of R.officinalis, while the two other homeopathic remedies were in a moderated dose (C30), 30× 100 diluted dose. Survival percent of treatment 4(Hep-s) was more than the other homeopathic remedies and was related to erythromycin. Erythromycin is chemical medicine and has many side effects, while Hepar sulfur has not any side effects if the prescription would be accurate. Hep-s is suggested with disk diffusion tests for relief the symptoms of streptococcosis.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study aimed to assess the social, economic and fish farming in cages in the Southern Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is considered as one of the most important water resources of Iran, in which due to the appropriate weather conditions in the north of the country, has the potential for marine aquaculture. With the implementation of this plan would say that with respect to the proposed initial selection from Kheshtsar in Mazandaran province and Kiashahr in Guilan province with along coastline of about 250 km from the depth of 20 to 100 meters and an the area of about 2027km2 has the cage aquaculture talent. Of course, at the depths of greater than 100 M by using the world technology procedure, there is also the possibility of the establishment of marine cage aquaculture. Now, with the regards of the above potential in the Caspian Sea coastline, it is expected at least 200 cages fish sites farming in with the establishment of 40 cages per site and produce 160,000 tons with creating of 1,000 direct jobs and 2,000 indirect jobs and income 2000 billion gross annual average net profit of 40% could be 800 billion in which will produce of proteins needed part of the country, creating jobs, welfare, prosperity and economy in the region. With the implementation of such national project, it is needed to establish pilot farms to reach the goals: environmental assessment studies, risk assessment, aquatic selection and the use of appropriate cage structures according to ecological conditions of southern Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation was conducted in order to find the etiological factors of fry mortality syndrome that causes notifiable economical lost in rainbow trout fish farms. During 43 months, from Sep. 1999 until May 2002, 52 fish farms and hatcheries which were located in Tehran, Mazandaran, Guilan, Fras, Markazi, Kerman and kohgiloyeh & boyerahmad provinces, were visited and samples from suspected fishes were obtained. The samples were consist of ovarian fluids and ovule, milt, egg, eyed-egg, larvae, fry less than 1 g and at 1-3 g as well as adult fish consist of internal organs. From these collected samples, 410 tissue sample, 899 sample, 55 Tissue sample, 200 larvae sample, 56 blood serum sample, 50 whole blood sample, 104 Tissue sample and 55 samples were used for Virological, Bacteriological, Electron Microscope assay, DFAT) , ELISA, Hematological, Histopathological and PCR assay, respectively. The clinical signs of suspected fishes were color darkness, exophthalmia, aschitis, whirling and abnormal swimming. No cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed after inoculation of suspected samples on the cell lines of BF-2, FHM, and EPC. A number of some samples of 56 blood serum samples were identified as positive sample for IHN, VHS and IPN virus. Optical Density (OD) of positive samples was 7-9 times more than blank samples. Regarding to the result of this study, it could be indicated that the causative agents for fry mortality syndrome may be IHN, VHS and IPN viruses. Further investigation using PCR for definitive diagnosis and confirmation of the causative agents would be recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present experiment measured digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) for fishmeal and soybean meal on rainbow trout with 120 and 220 gr body weights. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was used as an external marker and fecal collection method. The fishes were kept in metabolism chamber. Gross energy and chromic oxide values measured in feces, fishmeal and soybean meal. DE obtained equal to 3700 and 3591 (Kcal/Kg) for fishmeal (with 62.5% CP) in 120 and 220 gr body weight of rainbow trout respectively, and for soybean meal (with 41.4% CP) were 3004 and 2889 (Kcal/Kg) respectively. ME calculated and they were 3204 and 3110 (Kcal/Kg) for fishmeal and also were 2601 and 2502 (Kcal/Kg) for soybean meal in two pointed weights respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Limnological studies of the Zarrineh River have been performed in order to identify physicochemical and biological characteristics of this river. Water samples from 14 sites along the river length were examined monthly during a year. The results indicated the river was polluted by Saghez and Miandoab Cities sewage to the extent of poly saprob , the extent of pollution at other sites was within the limits of oligo saprob or meso saprob. The results also showed that all dissolved and mineral compositions in this river was safe for drinking but iron concentration and water hardness in the terminal sites near the Urmia Lake are higher than EPA standards for drinking . This can not, however, pose serious problem for warm water fish culture activities. Domestic sewage seem to be the most important pollution source to this river. Although the self-purification capacity of this river seem to be high but large number of polluting sites along the river exceed this capacity.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The alarming rate of population growth has increased the demand for food production in third-world countries leading to a yawning gap in demand and supply. This has led to an increase in the number of hungry and chronically malnourished people. This situation has created a demand for the formulation of innovative and alternative proteinaceous food sources. Single cell protein production is a major step in this direction. SCP is the protein extracted from cultivated microbial biomass. Algae, fungi and bacteria are the chief sources of microbial protein that can be utilized as SCP. Produced proteins from these microbes have various nutrition values. SCP is the manufacture of cell mass using microorganisms by culturing on available agriculture, industrial wastes and fisheries by products. Fish wastes due to high protein are the most important substrates for SCP production. In this study, SCP production was done from Silver carp and tuna fish wastes (head, tail and vise versa) and cooked water of canned tuna factories. The used microbes were six genus and species of yeasts include Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cereviceae, Rhodotorula, Khyveromyces marxians, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Bacillus subtilis and B.licheniformis. The examination was done in bench scale and CSTR bioreactor (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). The effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, time, supplemented substrates, method of inoculation of microbes, rpm were evaluated. Changes of microbial growth and protein contents were tested by using Optical Density (OD) and Makrokjeldal methods respectively. In end of examination, produced protein were extracted and lyophilized. The results showed that protein percentage in bacterial protein was than yeast protein but wet percentage in bacterial protein was low. Production value produced from tuna fish wastes was higher than (30-45 g/l) to Silver carp wastes (25-29 g/l) and cooked water (10-15 g/l). By adding supplemented substrates, production value has been increased. Candida utilis, in comparison other yeasts, has high activation. B.licheniformis has also had more activation than Bacillus subtilis. The results of the effect some parameters on fermentation showed that yeasts and Bacillus in pH= 5.4 and 32oC and pH=6.9 and 35oC were better than growth pH=6 and 25oC and pH=6.5 and 30oC respectively. Time of fermentation in batch and bioreactor was 54 and 21 hours respectively. High rpm has been caused increasing of microbial growth in bioreactor. The conclusion showed that with optimizing of the growth condition such as some parameters (pH, temperature, substrates and so on) produced SCP with high efficiency. However, produced SCP should be exanimated with other specific tests such as amino acid and fatty acid profiles, minerals, nucleic acids and so on. After full examination, this SCP as probiotic could be used in fish and poultry feed.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Isolation , Purify , semi mass culture and mass culture of algae was started in bony fishes research center of Guillan from 2001-2004.during this survey 39 species of algae stock remained that all of them were pirified. Some of economic valuation of algae were studied ,forexample: food for aquaculture , protein, lipid and toxin extraction and antibacterial property. The result showed that Rodomonas sp. Initiate the most of growth and survival for Daphnia magna because this species have a lot of unsaturation fatty acid (w3) , also the species of cyclotellasp. was fed better than other algae by silver carp in this survey . amount of toxin was a little in most of algae. The species of Anabaena spp1. , Anabaena flos-aquae have Antibacterial property but Anabaena bergii, Nostoc caraneum and Oscillatoria affricanum have antifungal property.the both Antibacterial and antifungal property observed in Anabaena variabilis , Anabaena spp2.and Anabaena spp3.amount of protein in green and blue-green algae wasrespectively 51±8 and 60±10 percent of dry weight . Total lipid amount was 12±0.4 , 8±0.3 and 2±0.8 percent of dry weight respectively in chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus , Anabaena flos- aquae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Responsible aquaculture is a new concept in Iran but in some countries there are good historical performances. In fact this concept is as the spacial challenge for developing countries in order to improvement of aquaculturist livelihood. In bangladesh, near to 60% of the people, which the most of are villagers, live under the poor line . Developing the NGOs and their activities to reach the responsible aquaculture objectives were so effective, since this activity has been knew as profitable acuaculture and many international workshops, symposiums and conferences have been held in this regard all the world . In this project, a complex of parameters affected on preparing manegement of warmwater fish farms have been studied with using previous studies and experiments of different countries and executive guidelines of four modules prepared including: - Guidline of preparing of warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of water enrichment and using fertilization in warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of using aeration in warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of stocking method in warmwater fish ponds

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was designed in the Helleh region, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Busher, in 2000. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 7 month period (harvest and post harvest season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, in effluent canal, estimated parameters of water was higher than other stations every month, and tend to decreased after being discharged into the sea and got closed to normal level. Comparison of above data with permit able range of municipal and aquaculture waste and comparison of present data with data of normal condition of region, show that, aquaculture industry of Helleh region has not had any obvious negative effect on the coastal waters of Bushehr, in the culture year of 2000.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The main purpose of this study was survey on achieving recombinant DNA vaccine (live delivery) against streptococcusis for Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Immunization. Initially, a total of 515 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weigh 50_ 200g) in 72 farms of 8 provinces. Approximately, 40% (206 samples) of specimens were infected to Streptococcus species. Then were isolated 172 DNA samples and consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including S. iniae, S. faecium, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalatiae, and S. uberis. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) has recently been discovered to play an important role in polysaccharide capsule production and virulence in S. iniae. Therefore, was initially isolated S. iniae and cloning phosphoglucomutase gene. Then, the PGM gene was amplified successfully and cloned in pTZ57R cloning vector. The recombinant plasmid was sub cloned into pETD uet-l expression vector by restriction enzymes and confirmed by PCR. Meanwhile, for amplifying simA and cpsD genes were used universal primers pNZ8148 and special for simA and cpsD genes.The recombinant bacteria Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) was used for transformation the plasmid into Lactococcus lactis. Vaccination was performed by oral, bath and injection (peritoneal) methods. The efficiency of g2 was better than g1in these three methods and all of groups. The determination of IgM level, or detection of anti S. iniae antibody was carried out by using ELISA. The results revealed that there was a significant (p〈0.05) difference between the level of IgM in all three methods and experiment groups compare to control group. The results of challenge of vaccinated fish with S. iniae showed that fish RPS in all of groups except group 3 (42.63 percent) were more than 50 percent while, in control group was 21.43 percent. The highest fish RPS was belong to group 11(61.25 percent) and statistical analyses revealed that significant (p〈0.05) difference between fish vaccinated RPS, compare to control group.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In Iran, Chinese carps (Common carp, Grass carp, Silver carp and Big head) are cultured by using poly culture methods. Carps have been interested for culture for some properties like easy to farming, fast growth, availability in all season and low lost. In this study, the amount of fatty acid composition in silver carp oil has been evaluated by urea complex method in 1, +5 and -5°C. The fatty acid was purified by crystallization method. The highest amount of fatty acid achieved in 1°C temperature. According to our results, n-3 fatty acid increased but saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated decreased. Maximum purity of fatty acid in 1, 5 and -5°C temperature was found 67.8, 36.82 and 22.53 percent, respectively. In this project, proximate composition of silver carp meat was also evaluated. The n-3 fatty acid was microencapsulated by mass complex method and different parameters effects such as binding agent, different rate of mixing effect, ion power, different salt concentrations, usage of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldeid were studied. Average size of microcapsules in 100,300,500,750 and 1000rpm were found 537.2, 84.4, 12.98, 8.24 and 4 mµ, respectively. Results showed that the best salt concentration for encapsulation was 0.1 molar. In this concentration, the average of microcapsule size was received to 3.3. Using glutaraldeid, mixing glutaraldeid and polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1 molar salt and 1000rpm was prepared the best condition for formation the microcapsule.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Economic evaluation of shilat activities in west Azarbaijan in order to evaluate the economic viability of production and fishery activities in internal Rivers and Reservoirs and fish farming. The capital expenses and profit and Loss account items of 34 fish farms and 2 fishery cooperatives in the Aras Reservoir have been examined, The result of this evaluation indicate that there are reasonable, profitability in the cold water fish farming and hence it is expected that the culture and farming of Rain bow trout to be increased in the province. The result also show that warm water fish farming have been profitable Although the rate of profitability has not been satisfactory, and in one instance there was a loss result. It is expected that the Application of an advanced normative biotechnical culture and farming of warm water Fishes would. Result in increased production and higher profitability. Amongst the shifat activities the production and fishery from internal Reservoirs account for 3/080 of the total production and fishery of the province, and it is the best source of employment in fish industry which provides living for more than one thousand families. Therefore further investment in the area of the development of fishing Reservoir and an advanced management of fishery technics would Result in higher production and better profitability for the Fishermen in the province.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to produce a procedure for production of a natural food source for fish, amphipod Gammarus (Crustacea) were noticed, which inhabits spring-brooks in wide areas of Fars province, especially in its cold regions. Five typical habitats of these animals were firstly identified, and some of their important physical and chemical factors, including depth, current velocity, width of habitat, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and electrical conductivity were measured monthly for one year, May 2000-April 2001. Some other factors of water quality like calcium, magnesium, and total hardness, sulfate, chloride, and potassium ions concentration were measured just once. Artificial culture were designed and conducted in three steps. At step 1, using 10 individuals in four 1000 cc beakers, firstly the effect of three different sources of water, the city pipe water, ground water (a well), and water from one of the typical springs were investigated measuring survival time in no-food condition. Then, selecting spring water, the effect of three different diet including fresh lettuce leaves, decaying willow leaves, and fish pellets on the specimen s survival were recorded. At step 2, using 400 individuals in four 40 liter glass tanks containing and supplied with fresh lettuce leaves as food source, firstly the probable effect of artificial illumination, and then, introduction of microbial flora from the habitat spring were compared to a control group. In both steps, water was aerated continuously. Finally at step 3, an experimental pond (600cm×200cm, with 50cm depth) was made and 2000 adult amphipods were introduced. Animals were fed by fish pellet. During the experiment, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH, along with the new population density and total body length were measured in consequent repeated times. All the data were processed by calculation of means, standard deviations, and statistical tests including Analysis of Variance and Duncan test. Results showed that in natural habitats current velocity ranged 2.5-100cm/s (Mean=29.3), water depth ranged 5-60cm (mean=25.3), water temperature ranged 11.2-18.4°C (Mean=14.4) dissolved Oxygen ranged 3.45-13.33 ppm (Mean=7.5), pH ranged 6.5-8.8 (Mean7.6), and electrical conductivity ranged 200- 760µs/cm (Mean=357), in the period of our investigation. Range of variation between five habitats was 26.55- 56.64ppm (Mean=43.48) for Chloride ion concentration, 7.20-16.80ppm (Mean=12.77) for sulfate ion, 50.50- 85.77ppm (Mean=63.00) for Calcium hardness, 99.50-246.22ppm (Mean=138.59) for Magnesium hardness, 150-332ppm (Mean=201.6) for total hardness, and 0.15-0.30ppm (Mean=0.25) for Potassium ion concentration. Culture experiments showed that spring water is significantly the only reliable source compared to the well water and city pipe water, and lettuce fresh leaves and decaying willow leaves had showed significant differences compared to fish pellet in feeding amphipods in closed and limited spaces of laboratory containers. Also, artificial photoperiod had a significant negative effect in laboratory situations which their water temperature was not controlled on low ranges, due to a rapid and huge algal growth. Adding microbial flora, which may has benefits for amphipod s better growth, showed no significant effect on their survival in tanks. Culture in pond proposed that the process of growth and reproduction acts continuously through the whole year, but it seemed that new generations did not reach the adulthood and sexual maturation until the coming spring.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of salt and useless lands in adjacent to Caspian Sea. As these areas have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal culture. As a result, the successful results obtained from imported gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) culture project in north climate, it has demonstrated that the gray mullet has a good biocharacteristic for culturing in pond enclosure environment and in different aquatic conditions (fresh water, brackish water and salt water). From 1998 until 2001, the broodstock yield and gray mullet artificial propagation projects were performed by fisheries research center of Mazandaran in Ghomishan prawn culture station in adjacent to Caspian Sea (East north of Mazandaran Province). This investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the survey of possibility available about matured fish as well as induction of final maturation and artificial propagation for producing of broodstock and larva. In addition, in this way, we will obtain new information about gray mullet propagation and culture as marine species. We introduce mass production in aquaculture. At present research, the possibility of broodstock yield and artificial propagation of gray mullet have investigated by gray mullet fingerlings imported from Hong kong and then they have cultured in earth ponds of Ghomishan areas during five years (1994-1998). In order to broodstock production in spring 1998, two earth ponds (0.5 hectare) were prepared. 100 specimens of fish stock (1-2.5 kg weight average and 5 years of age) placed in each pond. For providing of suitable water and nutrition, fish were fed by food containing rich protein (40%) with 3-5% body weight and maintained in water with 30-35 ppt salinity. The survey of sexual maturation was performed by sampling of sexual glands through year. There were four stages in dominant female broodstocks. This survey indicated that oocytes have emerged stage 1 (immature) from March to June, stage 2 (yolk vesicle) in September and stage 4 (yolk globule) in October. Three stages (first, second and third) of yolk formation in oocytes will occur but these stages take place in October, December and January respectively. It's obvious that oocytes will progress into the end of third stage (yolk formation) and then their growth was arrested. Ovum with 600 m diameter was observed when the water temperature declined less than 18 c and day time was short (from middle autumn to middle winter), on that time, fish were induced by hormone because lack of final maturation and ovulation, there fore, natural spawning was not occurred in pond condition. Furthermore, artificial propagation of mugil cephalus was occurred by hormonal induction. Hormonal induction was utilized by inject of many hormones (LHRH, Cph, HCG). Using different components of hormones and also their different doses obtained the best results from broodstock that the average ovum diameter was about 600 m. Several types hormones which were injected into gray mullet with two or several intermittent (24 h intervals) along with 20-25 c temperature and 30-35 ppt salinity. This condition can provide stage 4 maturity for fertilization. Totally (as whole), three intermittent fertilization was necessary for exiting of larva, larva production in first, second and third intermittents that were 2000, 2500 and 300 specimens respectively. Larva fed on chlorella algae and rotifera and they have maintained for 14-15 days. The results of obtainable research indicated the possibility of gray mullet broodstock production in cultural condition, artificial propagation and larva production. This research took place for the first time in north climate of Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps ( Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l , when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concenteration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l ) , respectively . In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compaired to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst , decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts , 273.2 ± 4.9 µ , 242.4± 3.8 µ and 542.6 ± 27.0 µ., respectively . The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦ C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively.The highest hatching was observed on 5 th day at 15 ◦ C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore , water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species.The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was beter when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensetive cysts . In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦ C (42%) and lowest at 25◦ C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦ C.In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity = 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity = 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore , regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico – chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expantion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity , culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: For hand feeding of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a kind of fish used in integrated carp culture, two kinds of pellets with Alfa alfa as current food were suggested as follows: 1. Pellet B with low fiber and high protein 2. Pellet C with high fiber and low protein The ingredient ratio was powdered and mixed, by adding water, fiber was made and minced the minced pellet was put on net tray and then in blotter to be dried and ready for use. In this experiment food quality analysis and also food water stability was measured. Regarding sampling, growth rate and weight increase of fish and FCR of each ratio was determined. Results indicates diet C is not able to compete with Alfa alfa from the stand point of weight increase, FCR and price. But diet B with low FCR and higher growth rate and higher price (not meaning ful P 5%) can compete with Alfa alfa.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study has been carried out to evaluate the possibility to culture shanak (yellow fin seabream: Acanthopagrus latus) fish in the ground pond. The study including two experiments. In the first experiment two commercial available feeds (403 as shrimp food and F.F.T as trout food both produced by Chineh company) are used to evaluate the growth performance of the bream Juvenile produced artificially in the Bandar Imam Mariculture Research Stationin weghing 2.72- 3.54 g. To perform the first experiment 6 ground ponds each with 0.25 ha area are used as replicates 3 ponds randomly allocated to each food. 5000 in dividual juvenile fishes are stocked in each pond. After 116 days rearing period well growth performances are achieved for both foods with no significant difference (P 0.05) between them, although better growth performances are observed for F.F.T food. The final weight (WE), SVR ,FCR and SGR of shanak for F.F.T food respectively were 23.29 ± 11.14, 95.98% ±0.78, 1.39 ±0.26 and 3.47±0.23 where for 403 food were 22.08±9.95 , 89.67%±8.75 , 1.53±0.12 and 3.25±0.33 respectively. In the second experiment in which only trout food was used the target was to examine the growth parameters of shanak juvenile in a full rearing period (198 days) in the ground pond. Juvenile fishes with 36.53 g were used with same methods adopted for the first experiment. The final weight of 206.3 g is achieved by 89.35% SVR and 1.92 of FCR. Results of this experiment showed that the growth quickly improved with fast rate along with the increment of temperature and salinity up to 25ºC and 14 ppt respectively. There after by the raising the temperature and salinity more than 25 ºC and 14ppt respectively the growth reduced.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was performed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative operation of hatcheries and shrimp culture Sites in Hormozgan province during years 2004-2006. All the active hatcheries including one hatchery located in Bandar-e-Jask, Three hatcheries in Bandar-e-Kohestak, one hatchery in Bandar-e-kolahi and two hatcheries in Qeshm island also three shrimp culture sites including Tiab-e-Shomali, Tiab-e-Jonubi and sayeh khosh were surveyed. The Information about scientific and technical persons, employments, productions, important problems and also situation of costs and net were recorded in special forms. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results revealed that about 50% of the hatcheries located in Hormozgan province are closed through the different problems such as, failure of customer, failure of a distinct plan for post larvae producing, high coast of producing parameters and so on. Results also revealed that only 7.1% of farms located in sayeh khosh area, about 40.2 % of farms located in Tiab-e-Shomali and 62 % of farms located in Tiab-e-Jonubi areas are active. The two later areas have established about ten years ago. The most problems of most farm in Hormozgan province are the failure of sufficient knowledge of farms managers, high cost and low quality of shrimp foods manufactured by huge factories and low cost of cultured shrimps. Final, it can be said that problems of hatcheries are depended to shrimp farms problems. If problems of farms be did, problems of hatcheries will be did.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Rutilus kutum is one of the most important economic fish species of Iranian costal of Caspian Sea. This species conducted more than 60% of fish caught in Caspian Sea annually, and more than 10 thousands fisherman engaged to its fishery. In present study, kutum fingerlings reared in two different densities include of 25 and 40 fish/m2 with mean weight of 17.5 ± 5.87 g. The period of test being planned 10 weeks and the test organism housed in circular concrete pools of 3 m3 capacity with flowing water and aeration in pools are supplied. The fishes feed by extrude food with 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat. After termination of the experiment, the result showed that weight gain performance, specific growth rate, condition factor, food efficiency rate and protein efficiency rate decreased, while food conversion ratio increased with rising of density, as their different was significance in two experimental treatments (p〈0.05). The kutum reared in low density showed significantly higher survival rate (SVR) (with 88.8%) than high density (with 76.9%) (p〈0.05). Based on the different observed effects of the density on growth and survival, it is recommended the use of a 25 kutum/m2 density for rearing by Caspian Sea water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Streptococcosis is an acute infectious disease that causes mortality in marine and freshwater aquacultures. One of the most important hosts is susceptible to the disease of rainbow trout and during the past decade its industrial production has been growing in Iran. According to FAO, Iran is among the 10 countries producing fish in the world. The most important bacteria causing Strptococcosis includes Strptococcus, Vagococcus and Enterococcus genera. But in all cases, the clinical sings are the same. More than a decade has passed since the first report of this disease in Iran and unfortunately, this disease has become the most important problems of trout production in Iran. Therefor, 72 farms were selected in 8 provinces including Mazandaran, Gilan, Lorestan, CharmahalBakhtiyari, Fars, Kermanshah, Tehran and Kokiloye-Boyer Ahmad and a total 520 moribund and apparently healthy rainbow trout (weight 50 – 200gr) were collected during summer 2008 to 2009. Fish kidney, spleen and liver samples were culture aseptically and finally 206 isolates were identified as gram positive cocci. Using conventional biochemical test, S.uberis, S.agalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, S.faecium and S.inia. Additionally, 172 from 206 isolates were confirmed as S.uberis ، S.agalactiae ، S.dysgalactiae ، S.faecium and S.inia using a PCR assay. Based on the results, the most prevalent is belong to S.uberis (isolated from 5 of 7 province), S.dysgalactiae (isolated from 4 of 7 province), S.agalactiae (isolated from 2 of 7 province) and S.faecium and S.inia (from 1 of 7 province) respectively. It is necessary to mention, S.inia was identified just to Fars and any gram positive cocci was isolated from Tehran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: and corn. 7 experimental diets prepared. Amount of carbohydrate materials replacement in diets were: 1) 100% bread wastes 2) 50% bread wastes 3) 100% spaghetti wastes 4) 50% spaghetti wastes 5) 100% equal mix of bread wastes and spaghetti wastes and 6) 50% equal mix of bread wastes and spaghetti wastes. Blank diet prepared as same as commercial common diet. 21 polyethylene net cages (lxlxl m) used for fish holding in a cement pond (30x3x1.2 m) with 10 lis water flow. Each cage stoked by 20 fish with initial average weight of 85:f:5 g. Farming period was 75 days and in this period water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were 14.5:f:2°c, 7.5-8.8 and 6.8-8.5 mg/l, respectively. The best growth performance belonged to diet 4, although results diets of 2, 4, 6, and blank no different (p〈0.05). In term of economic value of used diets, diets 2 had the best result. Carcass analysis in the end of experiment showed that carcass protein and ash contents in all of treatment were same but lipid content in treatments of 1, 3, and 5 were lower than other treatments (p〈0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5- parameter dissolved oxygen, PH, nitrite, nitrate and temperature of the water on Streptococcosis incidence in two groups of fry and grower fish. Research was performed at west Mazandaran province -Tonkabon region in 12 rainbow trout selected farms. Research conducted in 3 farms with well source water , 8 farms with water source of the river of Dohezar and one farm with water source of the river of Azarood, during 12 consecutive months.From 1390/04/01 to 1391/04/01, once time each month , and in each time 10 fish randomly sampled, inlet water were sampled simultaneously. Of 1350 sampled fish 607 fish with an average weight 22.04 gr , average length 12.59 cm were in fry category and 743 fish with an average weight 156.25 gr, average length 23.32 cm in were grower category. Streptococcosis observed only in grower category. Of 72 fish with clinical signs of the disease, 14 numbers were positive Streptococcosis (19.44%) and 58 numbers were negative Streptococcosis(80.55%). Three fish from grower category has not any clinical signs of disease and seemed to be healthy but were positive Streptococcosis in examinations (0.22% of total fish sampled. Fish with clinical signs of the disease but negative Streptococcosis were of at least 55.1 gr and at most weight 417 gr respectively. The results showed that 47.07% cases of Streptococcosis happened at 15.6 °C water temperature, 35.29% at 16.98 °C and 17.64% cases happened at 18.04 °C so that 100% of Streptococcosis cases was observed at the average temperature of 16.99 °C. In addition, the survey results show that despite relatively high levels of nitrite in source water of farms from wells, nitrite does not effect on the disease incidence. It seems that an optimal level of dissolved oxygen in water is effective in reducing the effectiveness of nitrite in this disease. According to equation coefficients logit model is as follows: According to Logit model, it seems that for every degree change in temperature and pH of water, morbidity change will diminish 0.37 % and 1.74 % respectively. 80.56% of fish sampled that had the clinical symptoms, was ranging from an average weight of 5.1 gr (fry) and 417 gr (grower fish), that despite having clinical signs of the disease were negative Streptococcosis. Isolation of Staphylococcus bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacilli from fish with clinical symptoms similar to the symptoms of Streptococcosis, may indicate the involvement of other pathogens in fish clinical signs.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Beacaus of increasing genetic variation and avoid of future hazard, monoculture of Iran native shrimp species , penaeus semisulcatus (green tigershrimp) is considered. One of the most important problems in monoculture is detection relationshipbetween biological and nonbiological factors, and thier effects on growth and survival of species.This study was caried out in four ponds (four ponds 0.4 ha). According to results, this species of shrimp needs to quantiative foods , otherwise it caues canibalism, abnormal distribution, in weight distribution diagram of shrimp and reduction of production in squere unit. Amongindependent factors such us water temprature, salinity, PH, transparency,water deep and food consumption rate, four first factors have the mostcorrelation by shrimp weight (r2=0.922).Shrimps weight variation in 3 Range,25-28, 28-31and more them 31 degree centigrade were studied. There wassignificance difference in shrimp rate variation in 3 ranges which werementioned (P〈0.05). Shrimp had best growth in 25-28 degree centigrade.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The study was conducted to achieve growth, survival and reproductive characteristics of four Artemia populations (A.urmiana , A.franciscana , Pakistan strain and Turkmanestan strain). In this study, The strains were cultured under the same and static environment in laboratory condition. All cysts strains were hatched using the standard methods and the nauplii from the populations were cultured in laboratory condition using 80 g/L salinity , 25±1 ºC with photoperiod ( 12L: 12D) and Dunalliella tertiolecta were fed. The growth and survival of artemia were determined on days 8, 11, 14 17 and 20 of culture. Randomly, The adult population were placed in 50 ml conical falcons and reproductive characteristics were determined. The results revealed that the survivorship A. franciscana had the highest survival (%99.8) and A.turkmanestan lowest survival (%92.1) The results revealed that the in growth rate while pakistanian strain had the highest growth rate(8554 micron). The results revealed that the reproductive characteristics in each population of species , the highest cyst production were observed in A urmiana, A.franciscana and A.turkmanestan strains and the highest nauplii production was due to pakistanian strain. The highest production were observed in A. franciscana and lowest production were observed in turkmanestan strain.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Regarding the increase in world population and decrease in fish stock, there is an urgent need to aquaculture practices. Coldwater fish culture is aiming at production and providing a part of protein needs of the country and a way reaching to self- sufficiency and preserve the water resources. Recently, multi- purpose use of water resources potential and especially the rivers of west Azarbaijan, for example, construction of fish farms at upstream of permanent rivers in order to make optimum use of the resources and the increase in employment has been considered . The waste water of these pools is usually discharged into the rivers. Regarding to increased production per unit area due to water resources and cold water fish culture restrictions to use regional facilities and fish farm construction, it is nessacery to determine limits between 2 farms. In this study with the goal of evaluation of the impacts of trout farm effluents on water quality parameters of Pirdanan River, the factors of water current, temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD5, NH3, N-NO2, N-NO3, TP P-PO4 according to standard methods were determined montly during 2014-2015 . Sampling sites were entrance, exit of Maroofi trout farm and the distances of 700, 1400, 2100 and 2800 m after the farm exit. Seasonal sampling of macro invertebrates from mentioned sites was conducted using stone leaching. The family and genus of macro invertebrates were identified using identification keys and abundance of macro invertebrate phylums for each site was determined. The results revealed that the values for water current, EC, TDS, TSS, N-NO3 were significant. the values of water temperature, BOD5, TDS, TSS, N-NO3- , N-NO2-, NH3, P-PO4- , NH4+, N-NH3 were increased in site 2 compare to site 1 in all months and gradually in the river and its self- purification were decreased. In this study, 4 phylums, 4 classes, 7orders and 14 families of macroinvertbrates were identified from Pirdanan River. Ephemeroptera had the highest abundance in site 4; while Diptera had the highest abundance in site 2 (exit). Regarding that most of Diptera macro invertebrates were from Chironomidae, so it can be concluded that site 2 was the most pollutant site and sites 5 and 6 were more suitable condition. Therefore, considering the physic- chemical factors and macro inverteberates indices, 2100 m from entrance, (site 5) is recommended compliance with veterinary organization rules and other conditions of aquatic engineering, environmental and water operation standards.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This research was performed to survey the live handling condition of Rainbow trout in Tehran province and determine the effects of this method on the quality of the flesh regarding with water binding capacity, pH changes, moisture, fat and protein content in different seasons of year. Based on reviews of Questionnaires, there were 20 main live rainbow trout sale centers in Tehran. 10 numbers of these were in fruit and vegetable centers of municipality and others were out of these centers. Live fish handling to in these areas mainly was performed from fish farms located in the Haraz road (85 percent), farms of Firoozkooh road (10 percent) and others were (5 percent) from neighboring provinces. The results of this study indicated that current methods of live handling in Tehran (the transporting time 4 h and the density of fish in tank 100-150 kg /m2) meat quality of transported trout was not affected. Water holding capacity of transported fish was less than caught fish in the fields. This amount was reached to lowest level in in summer as well as the differences between the two groups were significant (P〈0.05). Also, when a meat pH level was elevated, water holding capacity was reduced. In summer, the amount of WHC in transported fish was 13.4% that was a highest value between the seasons. Appears that in the summer, high temperature and increasing kinds of stresses to fish during handling due to excessive accumulation of metabolites such as ammonia, muscle energy sources emptied because of high activity. In this condition, falling of pH during postmortem changes being moderated and lead to increase drip loss in the transported sample.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Marine polychaete worms living in different beds from coastal areas, so different cultures can be different effects on their development. The evaluation of this research initially, marine polychaete worms were collected in low tidal sea areas from Gulf Persian coast in Bushehr. During several stages of sampling do more than 2000 pieces of worm were taken and then transferred to Bandarga Shrimp Research Station (Iran Shrimp Research Center). So based on a observation the desired species identification (Perinereis nuntia). Then 400 pieces worm selected and transferred to tanks maintain immature worm (fiberglass tanks with dimensions of 2 × 2 × 0.5 m with 15 cm sand on floor). The results showed that even the worms (P. nuntia) in vitro reached sexual maturity able to spawn in captivity conditions and were absolute fecundity of 16010 ± 17630 eggs. After incubation eggs, larval culture into the plastic tank with 70 cm diameter, larval (1.5 to 2 mm) were introduced with density 2000 (pieces/m2). In this research used to three different beds ( tidal , filled with water all of time and wet bed ) with three different food types (food shrimp, seaweed and vegetable waste), so there were 9 experimental treatments. All experimental treatments harvested and estimate production in each of them after 270 days. The seaweed tidal treatment with amount of 21.17 g/m2 had best results and the all of wet treatments with 0 g/m2 was the lowest production. Compare of beds showed that the tidal treatments have significant difference with other beds in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〈0.05). And for effect of food kind on growth factors, the result of difference foods in tidal treatment were analyzed. According this mater any treatments have no significant difference together in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〉0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In the present study, the possibility of marine culture of Asian sea bass in the shrimp earthen ponds located in the Gwadar r region (coastal area of Oman Sea, southeastern of Iran) was investigated. To this end, Asian sea bass frys reared for 7 months including 1 month nursery and 6 months growth-period. During the culturing periods, fish were feed ad libitum by various commercial rainbow trout diets based on fish growth stages. After nursery period, the average weight of 11.05±1.5 g and survival percent of 65 % were obtained for fish. During the growth-out period, the average weight increased continually from 31.4±4.7 g in late June to 252.1±30 g at the end of growth-out period in late Dec. Also, the highest values of monthly weight gain yielded during August, Sept and Oct when fish had the average weight range of (76.9±14.4)-(188.1±12.8) g. The values of monthly feed conversion ratio (FCR) were low and similar from July to Oct and then increased in Nov and Dec. The values of total monthly feed intake (FI) increased continually from July to Oct and then with a decrease in Nov, increased again in Dec. The values of survival percent after nursery and growth-out period were 65 % and 66% respectively. Also, the average of monthly FCR, FCR at the time of fish harvesting, total FI and total harvested biomass were 1.36, 2.5, 630.5 kg and 325 kg. in conclusion, the pond culture of Asian sea bass with marine water results appropriate survival and growth rates so that fish (11.05±1.5 g) obtained marketable weight (252.1±30 g) during 6 months culturing period. It seems that first-half of year in Gwadar area is more suitable for sea bass culture since this time periods results better FCR ( fed by rainbow trout feed) and has economic justification. Also, with regular sorting operation and providing of species-specific feed for Asian sea bass can increase the Production per Unit Area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: An experiment were conducted to evaluate The effect of feeding frequencies and stocking size on growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in brackish water for 102 days. Three stocking sizes (10, 25 and 40 g/fish) of rainbow trout and three feeding frequencies (feeding fish twice, three times and four times per day) were examined as the same time. Fish were fed at a restricted feeding program according to the rainbow trout standard table in the definite times during the light period. The results showed that in the group with 10 g initial weight increasing the feeding frequency, some growth factors like final weight, daily growth, and weight gain. But the other factors such as food conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) decrease. It means in this group (10 g) two times feeding per day is not enough for an acceptable growth rate. In the two other groups with (initial weight 25 and 40 g) although by increasing the feeding frequency, some growth factors a little increase but these differences in 95% level (p≤0.05) are not significant. Therefore in rainbow trout culture with initial weight at least 25 g two times feeding per day was enough. The results of carcasses analysis of fish, showed that by increasing the feeding frequency there were no significantly difference at 95% level between the body compositions in all of treatments. With connivance of feeding frequencies, the best FCR was in the group with 10 g initial body weight and there was not any significant difference in SGR. So according to the results, it suggests that fish should be stocked with 10 g initial body weight.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aquaculture activity in provinces of north of Iran, in spite of fast progressive and possess a series of achievement and success, there was some failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction. To planning for further expansion in this faild, this study is managed. The culture of rainbow trout is practice in individual farms, small farms, water resources, earthen ponds, recycling ponds etc, which each method have its potential , failure and limitation that are consider in the present work. At the end, based on the situation of production in past years, and considering each of factors mentioned above, the success, failure, difficulties, limitation and restriction points of aquaculture of rainbow trout in technical poin of view are investigated and some command for improvement for each production method are presented. The development of aquaculture in recent years is based on extention of farms and increasing dencity of fish in fish pond. In contrast of many production activities, the propagation and culture of fish is inconstant work. This variability makes a potential for better income, occupation and job, increasing in production etc. This study make a better planning using this activity.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The sex reversal technique in fish is widespread in many countries. The development of these techniques is desirable because rainbow trout males reach their gonad maturity earlier compared to the females. Rainbow trout alevins were treated with 17α-methyltestosterone incorporated in the diet (0.5. 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg) for 60 days from the beginning of first feeding. Sex was determined at 180 and 680 dpf by sampling fish (n = 20) from each group and examining gross gonadal morphology under a dissecting microscope. Also sex reversal ratio and growth performance were determined in hormone-treated groups. These sex reversed functional males were reared for brood stock until they attained sexual maturity. At the end of experiment, normal rainbow trout eggs were fertilized with the sperms taken from sex reversed males for producing all-female populations. Examination of the results showed that 17α- methyltestosterone was effective in all treatment. The highest sex reversal ratio with 100% was observed in group treated with 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg 17α- methyltestosterone. The highest live weight ratios were observed in groups fed with 6, 0.5 17α-methyltestosterone and control group. Female progeny produced from the sex reversed males were 100 % in all males that sired offspring. All female trout stocks produced by this method have advantage in rainbow trout culture since the fish is not meant for direct human consumption and is used to generate brood stock, therefore, difference of growth parameters do not influence the success.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rainbow trout is only species of cold water fishes which is rearing and propagation in Iranian fishery farms. Along of develop aquaculture industries increase request of best produces such as trout eyed eggs and larva. For this reason fishery farmers must be to provide that the way of import of other countries, such as: Denmark, Norway and France. As for this importance subject and unknown basic information about preference ratio for doing it, we needed to study about that to answer the suppliant questions. In this study carried out 3 test groups (3 treatments with 3 repetitions) and compared specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SVR) between in this groups. Statistical analysis were significantly difference of increase rate of length and weight in French group with other groups (p〈0.05). Compared of main factors (SGR, CF, SVR) in French test group were significantly difference with other groups (p〈0.05). Survival rate percentage in Iranian treatments (SVR=%67) were significantly with the others (p〈0.05). This ratio respectively in Danish and French treatment was %54 and %48.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present experiments evaluated effects of various level of oil by product (Soybean) in diet on weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and flesh chemical composition for rainbow trout. Test diets included 0, 5, 10 , 15 and 20 percent of oil by product and also factory diet (ready diet) only for comparing of performance with test diets. This study carried out in a compeletly randomized design with 4 triplicates for 5 weeks in a concret pond. 24 cages used with 7 fishes in each cage and averag weight 180 ± 5 gr. Resaults showed diet with to percent oil by product had no significant difference with control diet 0% oil by product for WG, SGR and FC (P〉0.05) but had better effects related to other diets. Also diet content 10 percent oil by product showed best FCR and had significantly difference with control and factory diets (P〈0.05). Control diet with highest value for dry matter and fat content of flesh had significantly differences related to other diets. Increasing the level of oil by product in diet caused increasing fat content in liver. Finally, regarding to results, it is recommended 10 percent oil by product in diet for rainbow trout. Key words: rainbow trout, oil by product, Fles chemical composition, weight gain, feed conversation ratio.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Tilapia studies in Iran were begun since 2008 and different aspects of tilapia aquaculture in are researched. In the present study, limnologic factors of indoor and outdoor tilapia culture ponds, also growth performance of the cultured tilapia were investigated at the National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics, during the culture period of 2016. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity and ammonium concentration were measured. Depth of water transparency, the composition and frequency of plankton and macro benthos of the earth ponds were studied. Total length and weight of fish were measured to evaluate growth performance. In the earth ponds, the ranges of minimum and maximum of water temperature were 16.6-27.5°C and 20.5-31°C. The range of dissolved oxygen was 2.11-10.19mg/l in the morning and 7.06-14.64mg/l in the afternoon. PH was recorded 8.97-10.9 in the morning and 9.04-11.00 in the afternoon. The depth of the water transparency was 40- 105 cm. Water salinity was 7.94-8.82 ppt. The concentration of NH4+ changed from less than 0.05 to 0.4 mg/l. The frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton was 2050-2848 and 269-101 per liter, respectively. The dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton were chlorophytes, diatoms and rotifers. The abundance of macrobenthos was 3467-558/m 2 and the dominant group were chironomids. Pearson 2-tailed correlation between the amounts of factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, NH4+ , length and weight of farmed fish in earth ponds showed a direct significant correlation between pH value against ammonium concentration, and total length against body weight of the fish, also between pH against water temperature and total length of the fish. There was a reversed significant correlation between the dissolved oxygen against water temperature and pH (p 〈0.05). In indoor tanks, the range of water temperature was 29-24°C, dissolved oxygen 1.65-8.38mg/l, pH 9.37-7.25, water salinity 7.12-7.7ppt, and ammonium 0.16-0.5 mg/l. Pearson 2-tailed correlation between the amounts of factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and ammonium with length and weight of fish in ponds showed a direct significant correlation between the length and weight of the fish body with each other, the amount of salinity against pH, salinity against total length and body weight. Also, there was a reversed significant correlation between the amount of dissolved oxygen against water temperature, pH and the total length of the fish.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This research was carried out to determined water reuse effects on growth indices of rainbow trout. For this reason 4 groups includes: control (with use of 100% fresh water), Test 1(rearing with use of 30% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 10% fresh water), Test 2(using of 10% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 30% fresh water), Test 3(using of 100% recycled water) was done. Fish stock of each groups were done with 62 fish in each square meter and average weight (15±1.5).The Growth index, SGR,CF, FCR, SR between different groups in each month was calculated and determined. In this research comparison the average of month growth increasment between different groups indicated that significant decrease of growth in test groups with control group and also 1 and 2 groups with 3 group (p 〈 0.05). There were not considerable differences to comparison this factor between groups 1 and 2(p 〉 0.05). To comparison FCR, SR, MR has shown a significant difference between different groups to each other (p 〈 0.05). These results shows that with increasing the replacement of water in rainbow trout culture ponds with recycled water cased significant decrease in SR and CF and significant increase in MR and finally decrease in production and density per unit area (p 〈 0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study which was carried out in khoozestan province, 1100 pieces of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Big head (Arysthychthys nobilis) from different parts of the province were examined. From each part, 10% of the fish farms were sampled according to the fish density at each farm. parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract were studied on 600 pieces of silver carp (60% ) , 244 pieces of common carp (25%) , 51 pieces of Big head (5%) . only Grass carp was infested to protozoan and metazoan parasites . thirty percent of examined Grass carp of 2-730 gr weight were infested to Hexamita but infestation was more severe in Grass carp with 20-40 gr weight . macroscopic manifestation included : dysphagia , weakness , circulating movements, paling of gills , stomach inflammation , intestinal inflammation , ascitis and yellowish gut contents . in severe and intestinal necrosis along with hyperemia was apparent . the cestoda , bothriocephalus opsariichthydis ( Rudolphi , 1808 ) with an infestation rate of 35 % were only observed in Grass carp in 2-40 gr . Grass carp that showed severe infestation, intestinal blockade was observed with more than 100 parasites. The length of adult cestoda was 450-530 mm and its width was 5mm. in severe infestations, macroscopic manifestations included: ascitis, abdominal inflammation, swimming on water surface and emaciation . Histologic studies showed necrosis of intestinal wall, hemorrhage and localized necrosis . In fishes with severe infestations, inflammation was observed . Infestation with the nematode, capilaria was observed in 10% of 20-750 gr Grass carp . No macroscopic symptoms were identified in the samples , but microscopic examination showed acute necrosis along with hyperamia and submocusal hemorrhage . lymphocytes were also observed . Adult nematode had a width of 0.075 and a length of 7.5-8.5 mm.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The project carried out at Shrimp Research station of Bandargah in 2011 to determine the production parameters such as; Average body weight, production, survival and feed conversion ratio in closed- recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture. This project was performed in 4 m3 fiberglass tanks. 3 tanks was chosen for the control and 3 were assigned to treatments. Considered Species in this treatment was white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that with a density of 60 pieces per square meter, and was reared for 90 days. culture in control as usual and change water regularly, but the treatments did not change water during the period of culture. Water in the treatment tanks was going to turn the filter system and waste was removed by mechanical and coal filter embedded in the route, and after filtering was transferred to the wastewater tank. Wastewater Was aerated in this tank and after 24 hours was pumped out and return to treatments tanks. In the final of project, mean weight, survival rate and production for control and treatment, was respectively, 18.27 ± 2.84 and 20.70 ± 1.47 g, 73.83 ± 4.14 and 77.17± 13.66 percent, and 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.97 ± 0.23 kg/m2. Statistical analysis results show that there are no significant differences found between treatments and control (P〉 0.05), although in all the above criteria, the relative improvement was achieved to compared of control. But the results of feed conversion ratio was 1.27 ± 0.16 for treatments that are significantly different (P 〈0.05) with controls (1.56 ± 0.23). This result showed that efficiency of the food was better in closed- recirculating shrimp culture system.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Increasing of biodiversity and reduction of production costs and alo increasing of shrimp production are the main elements of production security and continuation of aquaculture of shrimp in the country. The hypothesis of this study is made on the basis of aquaculture of pacific white legged prawn , litopenaeus vannamei, and that is economically better than Indian white prawn in bushehr area . This study was carried out with the objectives of determination of bionormatives of pacific white legget prawn and yield estimation per squar meter and has been compared with Indian white prawn. During 1384-85. In this study , the field operations were carried out after primary preparation and water enrichment with the juvenile prawn (pL 15) with 20 prawn per squar meter in the 3 ponds . During the study the phisico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, ocsysion, pH,two times per day , in the morning and evening and salinity , transpiration and depth water , only one time in a day were measured .The health of prawns and also sampling for the calculation of body weight were carried out in every 10 days . Feeding in the first month was randomly and after that was being continued based on the mean of the body weight. The results of this study have showed that the growth of this species is very fast so that during 90 days with the capacity of 20 prawns per squar , meter, it can be reached to 19.59 gr body weight with the growth rate of 0.217 gr . The mean of total production was 2737.5 kg per hectar with FCR=1 . During this study the salinity from 33 ppt to 54 ppt , water temperature from 24.3°c to 35.2°c , occsysion from 2.4 to 11.89 mg/l , pH from 7.83 to 9.01 , transparency from 35 cm to 90 cm and water depth from 100cm to 145 cm were measured and recorded . In the second year, the comparison of growth rate of white legged prawn and Indian white prawn was carried out in the four ponds. The results of this study showed that during 110 days. White legged prawns was reached to average of body weight 14.66 gr and Indian white shrimp, reached to 10.75 gr. The economical assessment showed that white legged prawn has an economical advantage around 2.59 times during 110 days with the capacity of 35 prawns per hectar.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The object of this survey is to enhance maturation of Astacus leptodactylus by temperature modification in order to have juveniles in the starting period of crayfish culture and to reach an acceptable market size at the end of one period culture as well. The research initiated from 27 November 2000 and lasted on 21 November 2001 at safidrood shilati research station. Crayfish brooders were catched by funnel trap from arass reservoir on late November 2000 and transferred to safidrood shilati researchstation , hold on concret pond as long as to observe eggs. Enhancing of the time of maturation conducted on one treatment and four replicate with raising temperature of the medium to 18-20 ºc . Four replicate used for control under natural temperature which ranged between 13.3 to 20.4ºc with average 16.8ºc . The dissolve oxygen concentration varied from 5.12 to 9.46 mg/l while Phof water were between 7.25 to 8.10 on mide April 2001. Egg development were observed on treatment which were one month earlier than control. Each crayfish produced 5 miniator with average individual weight of 50mg. The jovial of both treatment and control rared for seven days. Fed by dafni , chapped kilka and rice brain . To evaluate the relative growth between control and treatment, two soil pond with surface area of 100 m2 were used for the culture. The duration of culture concerning to treatment was 210 dfays while for the control was 180 days.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Shrimp culture and rearing industry in particular white leg shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the major activities in the world, including Iran. The outbreaks of diseases are the main factors limiting production. Due to the adverse effects of abusing antibiotics and chemical disinfectants, disease control and prevention requires novel methods that are affordable, effective and safe for the environment and humans. For this purpose during the five months, sampling was done from three main sites of shrimp culture in Bushehr province and 150 pieces cultured white leg shrimp, 135 water and sediment samples were collected from the ponds, input and output channels by standard methods. Physicochemical parameters of water and biometry of shrimps were done and recorded. Probiotic isolation was performed by culturing samples in Tryptic soy agar and TCBS after incubation in 30º C for 24-48 h. The antimicrobial effects of culture extract of isolates were evaluated against V. harveyi with the well diffusion method and the best isolates were selected. The molecular identification of selected bacteria was performed by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis technique. The growth kinetics of selected bacteria and effect of environmental factors on antimicrobial compound production and stability of them in salinity (1.5-5.5%) and (0-50ppt), pH (5-9) and temperature (3040º C) and (35-100º C) were studied respectively. After the determination of antibiotic resistance profiles of them, the In vivo test on the L. vannamei post larvae was performed and effect of these bacteria on growth performance, prevention of vibriosis and water quality include (ammonia, nitrate nitrite, turbidity, total bacteria and Vibrionaceae load were examined. For extraction and identification of bioactive material with anti-bacterial properties produced by selected bacteria, dialysis, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass was performed. According to the results of this dissertation the most frequency of facultative aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria was seen in shrimp digestion tract (3.04 ± 0.75) ×105 CFU/g in September .Genus Vibrio spp. (37.88%) and Bacillus spp. (27.27%) had the most frequency respectively. Of the 198 bacterial isolates, two bacterial strains from the digestive tract and sediment which had the highest inhibition and a stability antagonistic effect on V. harveyi were selected. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis, they were identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 (GenBank: JN856456.1) and Bacillus vallismotis IS03 (GenBank: JQ085958.1) and recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). According to results of identifying bioactive material produced by selected bacteria, in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 did not have any band but Bacillus vallismotis IS03 had two band in 25 kDa and 34-45 kDa molecular weight which probably bacteriocin like substances and group III Bacillus bacteriocin respectively. UV spectra of selected bacteria were in the range (260-265nm) which related to peptide groups. In GC-MS the highest percent of chromatogram was belonged to pyrrolopyrazines in both of selected bacteria, which have antibacterial properties. Overall, according to results both of the selected bacteria were adapted to the ecological conditions of shrimp culture and could be used as appropriate probiotics in this industry. It is hoped that the results of this research is to produce a step towards the realization of national production of indigenous probiotic in Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Nisin is a natural antimicrobial and has inhibitory effect on the pathogens and spoilage organisms. The efficiency of nisin reduced after reaction with food compounds. There is the hypothesis that combination of nisin with organic salt increases the shelf life of fish. The purpose of this study was mainly to evaluate the effects of nisin (0.15 %) and sodium acetate ( 1% ) individually and in combination on shelf life of fillets and whole trout ( without viscera). then, the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum type E were evaluated in different time at 40C. Physical and chemical parameters including: pH, Peroxide Value (PV), Tiobarbithoric Acid (TBA) and Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) and bacterial factors such as Total Viable Count (TVC), Pscycrothophic Count (PTC) and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were examined. These parameters were done at intervals of 4 days for 16 days. Results showed that chemical and bacterial factors of whole trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ( (without viscera) have been more favorable than the fillets . It also showed that the peroxide value , the thiobarbituric acid, volatile nitrogen bases , and pH in combination of sodium acetate and nisin Z treatments were exposed to significantly compared to control treatments ( no preservatives ) (P〈0.05). Treatments with sodium acetate and nisin Z (individual ) were exist after combination treatment. Hence it can be concluded that the maximum shelf life of in preservative treatments was 16 days , but control treatment was 12 days in some cases and in some cases 16 days. Effects of treatments on Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum in the control treatment showed the highest growth was observed in both species ( log 8 ) but in single and combined treatment of bacterial growth slower , but is still the trend the 16th day of so Listeria and Clostridium log 5 to log 6 , respectively. Vegetative cells of Clostridium were more sensitive in compare to Listeria. When using preservatives (chemical or biological) in fish tissue, parameters such as the type of preservative, used method, pH, proteolytic enzymes, the incidence of resistant strains and so on influence of antimicrobial agents used. The overall conclusion of the study was shelf life of whole trout (without viscera) was more than fillets, combination of nisin and sodium acetate were better than other treatment and finally higher doses of bilogival preservatives are need to for achieve to significant reduction of pathogenic bacteria .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective ( warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The objective of this study was to evaluate 4 levels of feeding defined as 1.ad libitum to satiation, 2.Standard feeding (based on fish size and water temperature), 3.10% less than that of standard feeding and 4.10% more than that of standard feeding on growth, feed conversion rate (FCR) and carcass quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in 12 aerated flow-through fiber glass tanks (2500l rearing volume, n=150 fish per tank, body weight average 45 g) comprised of 3 replicates under the condition of brackish water (salinity 8.4 g/l) in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station in center of Iran. The increase in average body weight (BW) and size of fish in different feeding groups was significantly different (P〈0.01) during the experiment (101 days) and the highest average BW and size increase occurred in the group fed ad libitum to satiation. On the contrary, FCR (average±SE: 1.27±0.09) in this group was statistically lower than that of the other groups (P〈0.01). The chemical composition of carcass was significantly influenced by the level of feeding (P〈0.01) and the percent of moisture, crude protein and ash was the lowest in the group fed ad libitum to satiation while the crude fat percent in this group was the highest of all. According to the results obtained in this study, an ad libitum feeding regime is suggested for rainbow trout production in fish culture systems of central desert regions in Iran under the condition of brackish water. However, further investigations are needed to draw firm conclusions, especially in earth pond cultures with different conditions, enriched in live food.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to "An investigation designing a suitable plan for sholam research warm water fish ponds and culture and hatchery", survying some of refrences and scientific papers were done. As a result the infrastructures of that plan were determined, and the diagram for relation between structures was designed. Finally according to the diagram,three plans were distincted, and some of them with desire advantage was selected.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Inthisstudy, Iranian and French male and femaleOncorhynchus mykiss broodstocks were invided into two groups 50 and 24 respectivelyin Research center of genetic and breeding of coldwater fishers, Yasouj,Iran and the genetic structure of them was investigated using 6 microsatellite markers. Along withbroodstockmaturation, fertilization 1:1(female:male) were randomly assigned and occurred in25 of12Iranian andFrenchtreatment respectively.Reproductiveparameterswere recordedfor the whole family.Average number of observed alleles in Iranian and French stocks was 6.68 and 6.83, respectively.Average number of effective alleles in Iranian and French stocks was 3.13 and 3.45 respectively.Fixation index Fstwas calculated based on allelic frequency between two stocks was 0.058 with significant difference between 2 stocks. Eyed percentage for french broodstock calaulated zero and deleted.Fertilization rate(100-0), the eyed percentage (98-0), The hatch rate(98- 0),the averagefecundity4114.708, the average eggs size 4.88 mm,Survivalinthe first three months 19-73% calculated for Iranian broodstocks.Considering thequality ofeggs and larvaeat different stagesandselectionbetween the differentfamilyandthe within family remained 10 treatments and are keptasfuturebroodstocks.Therelationship betweenfecundity-egg size, fecundity-weight,fecundity-length,egg sizeweightwas performedusingregression.The resultsshowed thatFecundity wasinfluenced more byweightandproductivelength.The research isbeginning toIDthebroodstockin our country.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Without industrial and urban development and their effects on marine ecosystem, due to high biotic potential, Khure-Mussa would be one of the productive coastal areas. Because of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental changes this area are classified in sensitive ecologic area. This study was conducted to evaluation ecological health status in Khure-Mussa in the Northwest of Persian Gulf by using benthic indices. Twenty creeks in Khure-Mussa area were set up for study and sampling in four seasons from winter 2008 to autumn 2009. Monthly water sampling for physico-chemical parameters was done by bottle sampler and seasonal samples of surface sediment were collected by Peterson grab sampler (0.125m2) .At each station three samples for macrobenthic study and one sample for grain size analysis and organic matter determination were obtain. Totally, 187589 macrobenthic individual were collected and separated. Among identified groups, Polychaetes with total number108906, Crustacean with total number 46561, Bivalve with total number 14156 and seapen with total number 9841 were the dominant groups and were included 58, 25, 8 and 5 percentage of total number respectively. The highest abundance in the spring and the lowest abundance in the summer were observed. According to mean abundance, Somaily creek and Khure-mussa (3) station showed the highest and the lowest abundance respectively. Seapen is included more than 90 % of total biomass. The range of Shannon diversity index was (1.95-3.58) which the minimum and the maximum values were found in Shipping and Patil station respectively. Significance benthic biological parameters (abundance and richness) in different creeks explained the variation of benthic community structure in studied creeks. In addition, seasonal significant differences were found in these parameters due to seasonal changes in benthic animal s succession. The results of grain size analysis showed that the range of siltclay was (63.6-95.59). According to AMBI index values, all of the studied creeks are classified in slightly pollution level and disturbed condition except for Petrochemical station that placed in moderate pollution level. The BOPA index values in all stations showed more than threshold level (0.19) that means bad and weak ecological condition. The highest and the lowest ITI index values were observed in Oil exporting port station (64.92) and Ghazaleh creek (29.53) respectively. The others were grouped in 30-60 range that means moderate pollution level and disturbed ecological status. The values of ABC (Abundance Biomass Curve) that explained the relation between macrobenthic biomass and abundance, were calculated near zero from 0.1 to -0.1 in all studied creeks that show moderate condition for living animals. In general the studied creeks showed pollution potential and benthic biological parameters indicated downward trend in ecological quality and health status.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Esfahan province is located in center of Iran at 51° 31 ' E and 33° 29 ' N with area near 15745 Km^2 that consists of 9 percent of the country. According to cilianinof scale it enjoys an arid climate. The mean annual precipitation is equal to 135 mm. Average annual temperature is 16.8 °C and mean annual evaporation is 2435 mm in Gavkhoni catchment's area. It has several drainages channels such as north and south rodashtain, segzi drainage, main drainage of water supply organization channel, fender drainage, main drainage, Marchi class II drainage and other drainage channels. Their waterdebi volume is equal to 900l/s. Also, their water can not use for agriculture, drinking and industrial purposes due to high salinity. This study was concluded to optimal use of these water resources aiming at possibilities of culture and propagation of Artemia from Urmia Lake. In this study, physicochemical factors analysis of water, the climate profile, and fauna and flora of the region were identified and determined. In rodashtain region drainages, 2 sites in varzaneh and Sian drainages from gavkhoni wetland limitation were chosen and studied. Water samples in 50-100 liter volumes were taken from their run off waters with 3 replicates. Artemia cysts were hatched under standard laboratory condition according to Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996). Cyst hatching was carried out in 1.5 liter conical zooks. 2 g of Artemia cyst per one liter of drainage water was added to each treatment together with one evidence. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency were determined. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency after 76 hours were equal to 55 ± 10 percent and 92000 ± 1200 Nauplii /g cyst in the evidence with tap water and 27±5 % and 31000±1000 in varzaneh drainage water and 13±5 % and 11000±1000 in Sian drainage waters, respectively. Then , all hatched nauplii were cultured in 3 aquarium containing each 100 liters together with one evidence with 3 replicates containing 50 liters in each aquarium in laboratory . Nauplii were fed using a suspension with rice bran, Dunaliella and Naunochlorepsis with density of 2 ×10^ 6 cell/ml. The growth of Artemia Nauplii was slow at the first week of culture and then continued with suitable norm and lower mortality until maturation. The mean size of Nauplii length reached to 9 mm after 2 weeks. Their fecundity was 50 cyst per female. The drainage waters of studied sites can be used as a suitable water source at semi- industrial Artemia production pilot in the region.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This research was conducted to finding of Cheshmeh-Ali and Shahcheraghi-Dam downstream areas potential for developing of aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted based on available information and data from monthly and seasonally sampling including geographical area, margin lands and fluctuations of river water, seasonal climatic changes view point of rainfall, temperature, wet, evaporation, wind velocity, sunshine hours, frost and also chemical and physical parameters of water including temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic phosphorous and nitrogen, suspended solids, turbidity, water flow and flood conditions, and in addition phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, macrobenthic invertebrates, fishes, aquatic plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds. Results showed that the upstream and downstream regions of Shahcheraghi dam are not suitable for warm water aquaculture in earthen ponds. But view point of cold-water aquaculture, particularly trout, there are some good situations. Also it can be suggested different culture systems including of race way, octagonal concrete ponds, semi-circulation and circulation methods. But, due to water restrictions in the area, semi-circulation and circulation system is preferred. In ideal conditions can be produced about 1,600 tones of trout, if all the capacity of this area be used for aquaculture. Otherwise, in limited circumstances view point of exploitation possibility of the water, only about 700 tons can be produced. In addition, there were appropriate facilities in spring area of Cheshmehali for tourism industry, that it can be considered as priorities for economic development in the region. Due to the low sensitivity of the ecologically conditions, native or exotic aquatic species rearing in indoor methods can be recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study investigates the potential of Bojnord and Jarjam cities (Northern Khorasan province) for developments of Aquaculture. First of all, the current condition of Aquacture and fish farms were montiroed and recorde. Then, the information on geology, weather and climate as well as water resources data were gathered and evaluated. Climatology, geology and distribution of water reseources (i.e. reviers, springs, wells, and aqueducts) were prepared using GIS software. Evaluation of selected water resources in study area revealed suitability for culture of cold water fishes. Potentialities of the water resources for aquacture production were determined according to the latest guidline of Shilat organization. The maps of production potentialities were prepared for each water resources.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The total production of Rainbow trout fish aquaculture in 2009 had been 72515 t which was significantly increased (91519 t) in 2010. Despite of increasing trout fish production during last decade, absence conformity between suitable cultural and proliferation district of this fish species and geographical one, faced this industry harmfully to natural disasters such as flood, overflow and so on, and mismanagement due to human injustices. Hence insurance and supporting concept of can be having a determinant role in efflorescence and increasing production of this fish. The aim of this project is performing an insurance policy based on risk analysis model in propagation and cultural phases of rainbow trout aquaculture, separately. In this study, pay attention to standards in trout fish aquaculture procedure and determination of critical parameters on, are the first research step and recognition of risk factors in different aquaculture phases due to natural disasters and mismanagement, from the brood stock maintenance till reach to 3-5 g fingerling and finally market size fishes, are the following research steps. After determination of proportion percentages of each parameters regarding to arise the risk, analysis risks and risk management were done for trout fish aquaculture. Three provinces, Fars, Mazandaran and CharmahalBakhtiary as poles production of trout fish were chosen as delegates of the whole Iran and insurance ability of trout fish hatcheries and aquaculture farms were done. Trout aquaculture standardization were obtained, natural disasters and mismanagement affected on aquaculture activities were recognized ( Chapters 1 and 3) and due to importance of health and disease of trout fish, mortality causes and audit signs of also determined and analyzed (Chapter 2) . In Chapter 4, trout farms degraded and fix and natural disasters for trout fish brood stock, propagation hatcheries and cultural farms were analyzed and accounted. Finally, premium and recompense were accounted for hatchery and farm separately.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Iranian Cichlid is an invaluable ornamental species which is domesticated in Iran and called Iranocichla hormuzensis scientifically, is living in the Hormoz zone, Shahou River (between Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad). The first phase of the research project started in September of 2012 and lasted about 18 months, focused on adapting the wild cichlids to cope with the aquarium environment. Therefore, about 63 male and female of Iranian cichlids collected from the natural habitat, Shahou River, then moved to the nearest city, Bandar Abbas to and released in aquariums which were filled by water of River where they were living. After few days they moved to “innovative aquaculture technologies research station” and reared in 100 liter glass tanks to monitor their behaviors. By initial days, the Cichlids seemed to be stressed out significantly, they were flashing, hitting them to the aquarium, trying to jump out and get discolored due to strange environment. By days, the stressful treats decreased and the experiments coped with the new environment. At the next step, schools of 5-7 fish organized to pear up. The mortality rate collected daily and accidental biometry recorded fortnightly. The rearing temperature adjusted and was stable at 37˚C. Finally, the Cichlids were completely adopted and prepared for mating and breeding.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids ) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant ( p 〈 0.05 ) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Anzali wetland at south west of Caspian located along of North West and southeast and with its unique feature were add on the Ramsar convention list in 1975. There were recorded a high rich of fauna and flora including 276 plant species, 23 reptiles and amphibians, 60 fishes, 26 mammals and 195 birds. Anzali wetland were encountered with numerous disorder with the eutrophication and the early dismissing. The first studies on Anzali wetland started by many international institutions in 1964. In this study the data of biotic and abiotic factors in Anzali wetland analyzed which belongs to different sites (15 to 38 stations) during 1991 to 2000 and were sampled seasonally or monthly in different years. The results showed the increasing trend of phytoplankton abundance from 7.9 to 66 million C./l. and the western part had the most abundant. The Cyanophyta had the most development than other 7 phylum observed in the area. In Anzali wetland identified 143 phytoplankton genus that 9 genus dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 7 genus had the abundance of more than 5 million cell/l. The Zooplankton abundant increased from 580 to 2200 ind./l. The Rotatoria had the most abundant followed by Copepoda. There was identified 104 zooplankton genus that 5 genus were dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 11 genus had the abundance of more than 30 ind./L. The chlorophyll a varied from 8.8 to 50.2 μg/l. and had a increasing trend after 1996, meanwhile it was measured higher than 25 μg/l in most of the stations. The results of benthic study showed that the Chironomidae and Tubificidae were observed more than other organisms which comprised 12.2 to 23.5% of total biomass of benthic organisms in studied period. The range of biomass was 1.1 to 7.8 g/m2. The ichthyologic survey showed presence of 60 species that 11 species were exotic. 28 species belong to freshwater, 17 species were anadromous and 8 species were resident in estuary. The highest and lowest fish catch were 640 and 288 ton in 1994 and 1999 respectively and it was about 500 ton at the end of period. The hydrochemical factors had the various fluctuation so that the nutrients parameters had a significant difference over studied period. Total nitrogen was varied from 0.78 to 1.41 mg/l and total phosphorus varied from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/l.. The oxygen dissolved amount was from 4.6 to 8.7. EC was between 3 to 5 ms/cm during September and October that indicated of Caspian water projection. According to geographic position of station, all biotic and abiotic data, were arranged. The data bank is used by Idrisi software to produce of necessary maps. Analysis of data showed that there must be a responsible department with a vast authority. Conservation and eutrophication prevention of Anzali wetland connect to special attention to catchment area and landuse management of the wetland. Also there is an urgent need for well-developed technologies and managements to reduce the organic pollution and its environmental impacts on the Anzali Lagoon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study was conducted at the Applied Research Station for Sturgeon Culture (Chaboksar site) and was supported by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization in order to obtain the bio technique for Huso huso culture in brackish water from the Caspian Sea. The effects of stocking density and water flow at the inlet of brackish water was studied for a period of 4 years using 4 weight classes and the results obtained were compared with those obtained from the culture of H. huso in freshwater. Huso huso in four weight classes of 3-20 g, 20-200 g, 325-1000 g and 1000-3000 g were stocked at stocking densities between 350 g to 15 kg m-2. The effect of water flow in rearing tanks was studied in weight classes 30- 2700 g. In the weight class 3-20 g, highest growth was recorded in H. huso stocked at 1000 g m-2 in brackish water which was significantly higher (P〈0.5) than that recorded in freshwater suggesting the advantage of rearing H. huso in brackish water at improved density of 1000 g m-2. Results obtained from total length in juvenile H. husoconform to these results. It may therefore be concluded that in the weight class 3-20 g, stocking density of 1000 g m-2 is not a limiting factor on growth in juvenile H. huso. Low specific growth rate (SGR) was reported with a stocking density of 1500 g m-2 in freshwater which was not significantly different from that in brackish water. Hence rearing juvenile H. huso in brackish water at high densities (1500 g m-2) is preferred to rearing in freshwater as H. huso is more capable of adapting to stressful conditions of stocking density in brackish water. Similar trends were observed for percentage body weight increase (BWI%) showing the advantage of using a stocking density of 1000 g m-2 in brackish water. Production in different groups showed variations depending on stocking density biomass. Condition factor was low when H. huso was reared in freshwater at a stocking density of 1500 g m-2. Similarly CVw was low in the experimental group reared at a density of 500 g m-2 in brackish water, while CVtl in the group reared at 1500 g m-2 in brackish water was low. The calculated value for CVw/tl was low with stocking density of 500 g m-2 in brackish water and freshwater. Final body weight and growth indices in the 20-200 g weight class in the experimental group using 1000 g m-2 in brackish water were higher than that in freshwater. Similarly growth indices and final body weight of juvenile H. huso at 2000 and 1500 g m-2 stocking densities were higher than the values obtained with similar stocking densities in freshwater. SGR and growth rate (GR) of H. huso at stocking density of 1500 g m-2 was significantly higher in brackish water than that in freshwater. Comparison of results obtained from weight and total length in weight classes 325-560 g showed that until they reach a weight of 560 g, stocking density of 1.3 kg m-2 in brackish water is preferred to the densities 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 kg m-2. Comparison of results indicate that in the weight class 325-560 g, better results are obtained when juvenile H. huso are reared in brackish water at densities of 1.3, 2.6 and 3.9 kg m-2 as compared to that obtained from the use similar densities in freshwater. Statistical analysis of SGR indicates that stocking densities up to 2.6 kg m-2 do not limit growth. Also it was also evident from the analyses of SGR and FCR that stocking density of 5.2 kg m-2 is not considered suitable for juvenile H. huso in the weight class 325-560 g. On the basis of results obtained for SGR, GR and FCR it maybe concluded that up to the 760 g weight class, stocking densities of 1.3 and 2.6 kg m-2 were statistically better than other densities studied. Moreover rearing juvenile H. huso at these stocking densities in brackish water also proved better than that in freshwater. In the weight class 650-1000 g, stocking fish at densities of 2.6 -10 kg m-2 in brackish water did not seem to affect final body weight, total length and SGR. At stocking densities 5.1 and 7 kg m-2, GR for juvenile H. huso in brackish water were significantly higher than that obtained in freshwater using the same stocking densities. Similarly FCR and FE values obtained for juvenile H. huso in this weight class in brackish water were significantly better (P〈0.05) than those obtained in freshwater. SGR values obtained at stocking densities 7 and 10 kg m-2 support these findings. Based on body weight, total length and GR values it may be concluded that stocking density of 10 kg m-2 does not restrict growth in juvenile H. huso until they reach a body weight of 1000 g. Similarly a stocking density of 7.5 kg m-2 does not limit growth in juvenile H. huso until they reached a body weight of 1150 g and stocking densities of 5.1 kg m-2 and 2.6 kg m-2 do not limit growth in juvenile H. huso until they reach body weights of 1300 and 1500 g, respectively. Rearing H. huso in these weight classes at different stocking densities of 10, 7.5 and 5.1 kg m-2 in brackish water was significantly better than rearing them in freshwater. Also based on feeding indices (FCR, FE, SGR and GR) in these weight classes, stocking densities of 2.6 and 5.1 kg m-2 in brackish water were significantly more suitable than other stocking densities studied in the same culture medium. Results obtained from rearing juvenile H. huso at stocking densities of 2.6, 5.1 and 7.5 kg m-2 in brackish water was significantly better than that obtained in freshwater at the same stocking densities. Based on growth (SGR, BWI) and feeding (FE) indices in the weight class 900-3000 g it is evident that experimental group 5 (with stocking density of 10 kg m-2 , water flow of 3 L sec-1) was significantly better (P〈0.05) than all other groups studied. It may also be concluded from the results obtained by studying stocking densities and water flow that stocking density of 10 kg m-2 used for rearing juvenile H. huso in the weight class 900 g until they reach a weight of 3000 g is not a limiting factor on their growth. It was also observed that juvenile H. huso are highly capable of adapting to their environment. The one-way water supply and daily water exchange with different water flow rates ranging from 1 to 6 L sec-1 yielded similar results. It was clearly evident that a water flow rate of 0.5 L sec-1 in brackish water and freshwater resulted in significantly lower growth in juvenile H. huso. Highest growth was reported in brackish water with a flow rate of 1.5 and 3 L sec-1. In freshwater, highest growth was recorded with flow rates of 3 L sec-1. Higher water flow rates improved growth indices in H. huso. Improved condition factor and variable coefficients of weight and total length were observed in experimental groups in brackish water and freshwater, except in the experimental group with a flow rate of 0.5 L sec-1 in freshwater. In the weight class 530-2000 g, water flow rate of 3 L sec-1 produced higher final weight in juvenile H. huso in freshwater as compared to that in brackish water. Similar results were obtained in freshwater and brackish waterwith water flow rate of 1.5 L sec-1. Data on carcass composition of farmed H. huso indicated no significant effect of freshwater and brackish wateron protein and lipid levels. In both rearing media, diets were formulated to meet the dietary requirements of H.huso and hence carcass composition conformed to the quality of diets.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Shrimp culture in Chabahar in the Sistan and Belochestan province is one of the most important potential for development. From 1386 the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) observed and collapsed all activity in this area. This virus hugged mortality in the world and in Iran from 1381 in Abadan area this disease induced high mortality in shrimp culture. Different methods applied for prevention WSSV in the world and the main methods consist of used specific pathogen free post larvae, immune stimulant, biosecurity and vaccine. Biosecurity is the best method for prevention the WSSV disease and include different part such as used crab fence, low stocking density, used best quality PL, aeration in the pond and sanitation all equipment and farm. Temperatures play an important role in outbreak of disease. Because in Chabahar area the culture time is in the monsoon season and changing the temperature in this season is trigger factor for WSSV outbreak. In this research study we recommended the season’s culture changing from August to March for prevention the temperature variation in this area and applied biosecurity for control the WSSV outbreak.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (initial body weight 14 ± 0.25 g) were fed diets [crude protein 420 g/kg; gross energy 16.8 MJ/kg dry matter; crude fat 110 g/kg] containing deficient, adequate or excessive amounts of vitamin C and folic acid to investigate the potential nutritional effects on growth factors. A growth trial was conducted over 9 wks at a water temperature of 12 ± 1 °C. Four semipurified diets were supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg /kg vitamin C and 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg folic acid and were fed to fish in triplicate tank for 9 wks. At the end of the growth trial, the percent of survival, final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate were measured. The results that growth factors were significantly (P 〈 0.05) affected by dietary vitamin levels. Inclusion levels of 2 mg/kg dietary folic acid and 60 mg/kg dietary vitamin C is acceptable, for use in rainbow trout diets, under favorable economic conditions. This study shows that increasing dietary folic acid and vitamin C could improve growth performance in juvenile rainbow trout.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The concentration of serum immunoglobulin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella)was measured by Immunoelectrophoresis. Serum total protein, also called plasma total protein or total protein, is a biochemical test for measuring the total amount of protein in blood plasma or serum. Protein in the plasma is made up of albumin and globulin. The globulin in turn is made up of α1, α2, β, and γ globulins. These fractions can be quantities using protein electrophoresis, but the total protein test is a faster and cheaper test that estimates the total of all fractions together. The traditional method for measuring total protein uses the biuret reagent, but other chemical methods such as Kjeldahl method, dye-binding and Refractometer are now available. The measurement is usually performed on automated analyzer salong with other laboratory tests. The normal IgM concentration was 3.3 mg ml in a group of free-living trout. While the IgM concentration was low in sera from fish living under aquarium conations. In visual variations were very pronounced. The purity of reference preparations and the specificity of anti sera used were examined by crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. Fish respond to antigenic stimulation by the production of immunoglobulin. So far only one immunoglobulin class is known to occur in teleosts, the characteristics of the class being rather similar to those of mammalian IgM. The molecule is a tetramers consisting of a basic structure of 8 light chains and 8 heavy chains (same molecular weight as the p-chains of mammals) (Acton et al. 1971, Etuis 1982). The molecular weight of the whole molecule is about 700 000 Daltons (13 to 16 S). Most studies concerning the humoral immune response in teleosts have dealt with aracteristics of the immune response elicited by known antigens. Only in a few cases has the concentration of total immunoglobulin been measured. Estimates of total immunoglobulin have been made in serum from (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and (Ctenopharyngodon idella) carp and goldfish (Vilain et al. 1984), carp (Richter et al. 1973), brown trout (Ingram & Alexander 1979) and certain salt-water fish (Fidler et al. 1969, Acton et al. 1971, Legler et al. 1971). Estimates of total IgM in serum from rainbow trout Salmo gairdnen have not, to our knowledge, been published so far.Serum. Blood samples were obtained by puncture of the caudal vein of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella)After clotting overnight at 4 "C the blood was centrifuged at 1000 g for 15 min to obtain serum. The sera were stored at -20 "C until examined. Total serum protein. Protein concentration in (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella) sera was estimated by means of the Biuret method(Richtenich 1971). Antiserum to IgM : The monospecificity of the rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout IgM was indicated by the appearance of only one precipitation Line when the antiserum was reacted against normal trout serum in crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (Fig. 1). The purity of the IgM preparation which was used as reference IgM in connection with IgM quantification is illustrated in Fig. 2a. It appears that only one precipitation line developed when the preparation was reacted against antiserum to trout serum in crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. Fig. 2b illustrates the multi specificity of the rabbit antiserum to trout serum used.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Limnological factors of brackish water pounds of the rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss were studied at Bafgh region in Yazd province. Physicochemical factors, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic populations of pools, supply and drainage channels from different farms were studied in aquaculture cycle in 2002 and 2003. Means were compared using Tukey HSD and t tests. Meanings of factors in 2002 and 2003 were respectively: and 9.3 0.2ppt; dissolved oxygen 7.9 0.2mg/l water temperature 13.8 0.3°c and 14.9 0.6°c; salinity 12.3 0.2ppt and 7.2 0.1mg/l; pH between 7.8 to 9.2 and 8.1 to 9.5; depth of hyalinity 0.85 0.1m and 1.1 0.1m; ammonium 0.1-0.5mg/l; and nitrate 1.8-21mg/l. Main phytoplankton were diatoms specially Chaetoceros, and Cyanophyta. Rotifera were the dominant zooplankton. Benthic fauna mainly included immature Chironomids. Final mean lengths were between 24.7cm to 31.5cm, mean weights between 11179.9gr to 434.6gr. FCR between 1.16 to 1.6; DGR between 1.04gr/day to 3.03gr/day; production 0.03kg/m2 to 0.84 kg/m2. Supply channels had the optimum limnological condition for trout aquaculture. Limnological factors were often not significantly different between pools and drainage channels. Saeeid and Rangin-Kaman farms were the most successful farms.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Intensive culture of rainbow trout, usually done using several different methods.The objective of this study was to compare fish performance and welfare in a new design of Foster-lucas ponds (FLP) and a raceway ponds (RP) under field conditions. Currennt study was designed in two treatment with three repeats. Each pond was randomly stocked by rainbow trout fish with initial average weight of approximately 51±5 g. Stocking density was 120n/m3 during study. After 10 months of trial, fish fed diets with comertial diet (Chineh Company). Feeding operation conducted according to the manuals by consideration of water temprature, fish waight and biomas. During the 10 months experiment, the fish survival rate was high (97.39 and 98.05%). No significant differences in growth parametres were observed between RP and FLP, but in all parametres FLP was higher than RP Final weight was 0.99% higher in FLP than in RP. Water quality factors (Dissolved oxygen, PH) was better in FLP. The results confirm that when water quality is maintained in safe level ranges, growth rate of rainbow trout attained in FLS are comparable to those in RP.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published