ALBERT

Description: Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir is in the central part of Ijrud city of Zanjan province with a reservoir volume of 500000 and a water volume of 900000 cubic meters, covering an area of 6 hectares and containing 3500 hectares of the watershed in order to control seasonal floods, drinking water in the village, strengthening the aquifers of the area and As a water supply in the dry seasons, 120 hectares of agricultural land was planted for irrigation.Study of this water source with the aim of measuring biological and non-biological factors, determination of aquaculture production and Fish release capacity and fishing capacity for optimal use of fishery management in Zanjan province was done in 2006.The results of hydrochemical analysis of the water of Qharkhetlu dam reservoir showed that the minimum and maximum temperature of water ranged from 4.5 to 26 ° C, the pH of the water was 4.7 to 8.8, the dissolved oxygen was 7.7 to 12.2 mg, the total water hardness fluctuation was 154 194 mg / L and electrical conductivity of 272 to 390 micrometers per square centimeter, the water transparency was 25 to 380 centimeters.In this study, six phytoplankton classes with 31 genera and 3 classes of zooplankton with 14 genera were obtained. The abundance of phytoplanktons was counted from 150,000 to 206,000 per liter, and the average chlorophyll a, 1.10 micrograms, was estimated. The frequency of zooplanktons were 32 to 132 per liter, as well as the mean of 544 per square meter of macrobenthos.By comparing of the physical, chemical and biological factors and also the results of previous studies of this water source, the conditions for the introduction of warm water and cold water fishes including silver carp, big head carp, rainbow trout out and native fishes including species of Barbus and Capoeta genera are suitable. Estimation of Qhar-khetlu dam reservoir production is 80 kg / ha and its production capacity is 484 kg per year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earthponds or plastis thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly avalable in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Following to introduce Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) into Iran aquaculture industries by fisheries organization its postlarvae were successfully reared in ponds in Bushehr and Choebdeh in Khuzestan. Due to activity of Shrimp site and importance of input and output water quality, this study was done in 11 stations including: two stations in Bahmanshir river, two station in C4 and C5 irrigation canals, six staions in active farms along C4 cannel (Yonesi, Mosavei and Salman Zadeh), and C5 cannel (Mohamadi, Khairi and Ashraf Por) and one staion in output draing were selected. Sampling were carried out from May2009 befor beginning stocking to harvest time in October 2009. Physico- chemical parameters and plankton sampled biweekly and benthic animals and heavy metals were sampled monthly. Some parameters such as pH and temperature by using portable multy parameters and others. Analyzed with standard methods. Heavy metals were measured by plarography method (797 Vamtro). Plankton and benthos samples were studied only in Bahmanshir station. According to results the maximum values for DO (11.1 ppm) PO4 (1.86 ppm) NO3 (8.4 ppm) and TSS (4992 ppm), pH (8.4) NO2 (0.18 ppm) BOD5 (9.06 ppm) were measured. In comparison to aquaculture water quality standards except for TSS in river stations others are located in allowable range. We didn’t observed any main changes in water quality from river to output drainage. The results of biotic parameters in river stations showed that diatoms were the most group of phytoplanktons. Zooplankton groups were Copepods, Rotifera and Protozoa. Tintinids and Nematoda larvae were the most abundant zooplankton. Benthic animals were included nine crustacean species and two annelid species. Isopods with 52% were the most and ant group.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Carp aquaculture is one of Maine potential for commercial and rural development , employing enhancement and earning income .This enterprise which is conducted by using fresh water and unfertile lands have been attended in the country since last seven decades. In accordance to wide area of cultivation in the country, maximum production is about 150000 tonnes in 2010. Establishment of aquaculture center by technical deputy of president, made a suitable opportunity for preparation of carp development road map. In this report, present condition and problems in front of carp development have been analyzed , and regarding to targets of long term country development, projects for research and executive sectors have been prepared.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Menmiopsis leidyi was entered into Caspian Sea from Black Sea and mass population constitutes in the southern Caspian Sea. In this surveys, the relationship between length and wet weight measured and length and weight followed by this equation: n= 384, R^ 2=0.87 w= 0.003 L^ 9005 . The relationship of dry and wet weight calculated, in this surveys, the ratio of dry weight to wet weight was equal to 1.615% in 12 salinity. In vitro, the clearance rate at 12 and 27 C were 52.48 and 107.33 ml/h, respectively, daily ration at above temperatures were 1.98 and 16.65 respectively. Mnemiopsis leidyi can feed Acartia in accordance to 16.5 mg/1gbw (body weight) at 27 C in one day. The average digestive time in 12 C and 27 C were 77.50 min and 36 min respectively. The digestive value in 27 C was 2.5 fold than 12 C . The result indicated that clearance rate, daily ration and digest were increased in high temperature. Stomach content of Mnemiopsis leidyi was shown that this organism utilized from Acartia and Balanus, in addition, stomach content of kilka including two species of zooplankton from the southern Caspian Sea. Stomach contents of clupeonella cultiventris contain more than 54 percent of Acartia and its nauplii. This frequency observed in cluponella engrauliformis and clupeonella grimmi. On basis of zooplankton sampling in the sea, over 90 percentage of zooplankton populations contain Acartia.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sabzkooh in Ardal and Gandoman region in Charmahal province with annual production of 1300 metric tons of rainbow trout, is one of the most important rivers in the province. The effects of fish farms effluent on the river water quality and the possibilities to develop or limit the existing ones were studied. Flora and fauna of the river including Phyto and zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fishes were sampled and studied. Moreover some key physico-chemical water quality parameters, concentrations of stable pollutants (heavy metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and agricultural poisons (herbicides or pesticides: DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate) and Coliform contamination were also measured. All phytoplankton genus were of tow taxa, Cianophyta and Chrysophyta and zooplankton fauna belonged to Rotatoria, Protozoa and meroplanktonic chirinomids and nematodes. Four fish species from 3 families were identified of which rainbow trout had the highest relative frequency (94.6%).All the measured heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd and the agricultural poisons concentrations such as DDT, Lindane, Alderine and indosulfate were lower than the hazardous level suggested for the surface waters. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates populations study, stations at downstream (no. 6 and 7) which received the Chartakhteh and Rudarud farms effluent had least EPT richness and the hilsenhof family level biotic index at this locations was greater than 5.25, classifying them as having organic pollution. Even though measured key physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients (N and P compounds and BOD5) in the receiving stations and effluent water never exceed the maximum permitted range but in downstream stations these factors were very close to the range. One way analyze of variance (P 95%) for TN, TP, No2, NH4, BOD5, pH, PO4 and Ec revealed no significant differences between stations before and just after receiving the effluents, however these parameters in the effluents themselves significantly differ from upstream stations 1,2 and 3 proving relatively lower organic pollution and the potential for constructing new farms or expanding the existed ones in upstream region from Chartagh to Dehnoo. At downstream from Dehnoo to Rudarud and lower parts, dense trout farm effluents in addition with point and non point pollution (municipal, agricultural and other coming run off from the catchments area) had remarkable effects on the river water quality and as a result no farm construction or expansion is recommended. To avoid or reduce the existing farms effects on the river system there should be certainly some remediation actions carried out. Constructing sedimentation ponds before releasing the effluents, obeying the rule of water extracting, preventing fish escape, increasing feeding efficiency and controlling the lateral inlets from catchments area which are potentially pollutant, should be considered to improve the situation and prevent further environmental problems caused by fish farms effluent in these area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Feeding habits of three dominant species of tuna fishes (Thunnus tonggol, Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis) and dominant species of sardine (Sardinella sindensis) were investigated from December 2006 to November 2007 in the western waters of Oman Sea. Seasonally samples of three species of these tuna and monthly samples of sardine were collected. Feeding studies on 101 longtail tuna (T.tonggol) indicated that the bony fishes were main food of this species (98.3%) and followed by random foods included cephalopods (1.7%) and crustaceans (1.7%). Among the bony fishes, anchovy (66 %) and sardines (25.9 %) were most important than the other fishes. FI and CV for this species were calculated 26.4 and 21.8 respectively. Stomach content analysis of 85 specimens of E.affinis demonstrated that bony fishes were only food for this species (100%). Sardines (49.3%) and anchovy (11.9%) were foremost food items for E.affinis. Moreover FI and CV were calculated 64.7 and 15.3 correspondingly. The stomach of 120 yellowfin tuna (T.albacares) were analyze. Results showed that bony fishes,cephalopods and crustaceans were formed food items of this species .Yellowfin tuna were preferable fed on bony fishes (87.7%) specially sardines(41.2%),flying fish(13.9%)and M.cordyla(10.4%) and followed by cephalopoda (43.8%) specifically Loligo sp.(84.5%) and crustaceans(11.2%) . FI and CV were calculated 38.3 and 25.8.Study on 320 stomachs were determined that zooplankton and phytoplankton formed food of S.sindensis. Zooplankton (crustacean and molluscs) were main food (90%) and phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae and Dynophyceae) were least food items (10%). Copepoda (crustaceans) with 58% were preferable food and bivalves and after that bivalves (molluscs) with 14%, Bacillariophyceae (8%) and Cyanophyceae (2%) CV and FI were 30.3 and 29.4 respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The research was carried out to investigate phytoplankton, zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton of Khamir, Laft in the western parts of Hormozgan Province and Tiab, Yekshabeh in the eastern parts of it for one year from March 2015 to November 2016. The aim of the study was to achieve seasonal changes of phytoplankton, zooplankton and Ichthyoplankton and compare them among estuaries. In order to achieve this goal, four stations were determined and seasonally sampled. Phytoplankton was taken 2 liter by bottle from 0.5 m below water surface, Zooplankton sampling was done by using standard plankton net with 55 micron mesh size that well equipped with flow meter by horizontal pulling and Bongo Net with 300 micron mesh size used for Ichthyoplankton sampling. During the study, 80 species of phytoplankton were identified, including 53 species, 24 species Dinophyceae, Cyanophycea 2 species and 1 species belonging to Dictyochophyceae. East and West estuaries had the 63% similar percentage of phytoplankton and results showed that 54 Bacillariophyceae genus were common in two regions. The Tiab estuary showed an average 21524±5903 cells/L of phytoplankton high density. Zooplankton was identified with eight phylum. The study of seasonal variations showed that in all seasons crustacean had higher density than other groups. Four copepods orders were identified which the calanoid had higher density and distribution in compare to others. 19 families of the larvae were identified and 69/99% similarity was also observed between estuaries of two region. Glupeidae, Gobiidae, Engraulidae and Scianidae families were abundant than other families. Shannon-Wiener, Maraglef and Evenness biological indices were found higher in west than the East estuaries. The results showed values were the highest in laft estuary, respectively H'= 3/22, d=7/11 and J'=0/72. The lowest biological indices in Tiab estuary, respectively H'= 2/233, d= 4/109 and J'= 0/597. The estuaries in the West had more diversity and eveness. The highest and lowest of biological indices were obtained (d= 5/948 and H= 2/759) and (d=2/825, H=0/830 and J=0/249) in the winter and summer, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aims of this project was to inform and aware about the red tide condition before entering the algal bloomer in water resources to the hatcheries and farmed shrimp complexes in Bushehr province coastal. Field investigation and sampling have been carried out in the southern of the input water channels of Mond, Delvar and Helleh farmed shrimp complexes, which are located along the coastal of Bushehr Province, from April to December 2011 .The physic-chemical parameters such as pH, salinity and water temperature and also meteorological conditions were measured and recorded on the field. The water sampling has been lunched for determination of nutrients and chlorophyll - a, phyto- and zoo- planktons. No Cochlodinium.sp outbreaks have been detected in the studied area, during the study. The only bloom which reported by a fisherman, was outbreak in offshore of Bushehr province in Khoure Khan on 13th September 2011. The sample which transferred to the Iranian National Shrimp Research Institute was included Alexandrium.sp and its density was 2 million cells per liter. The identified phytoplanktons were belonged to three order of Bacillariophyceae (52.6%) with average density of 10778 cells per liter, Dinophyceae (37.7%) with density of 7731 cells per liter and Cyanophyceae (9.7%) with density of 1980 cells. 12 genera belonged to Dinophyceae , 25 genera of Bacillariophyceae and two genera of Cyanophyceae were observed during the study. The highest density of phytoplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 18374 cells per liter. The maximum density of phytoplankton was at Delvar station by 141120 cells per liter in December. The highest density of the phytoplanktons was belonged to Dinophyceae by 126000 by cells per liter of which the Alexandrium.sp had the density of 124500 cells per liter in August 2011. From the Dinophyceae the Alexandrium.sp with mean density of 20345 cells per liter, Ornithocercus 920 cells and Prorocentrum.sp 820 cells were the predominant species. The identified Zooplankton in were belonged to 8 branches and 19 groups. The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 1194 no. per liter. Nauplii were the dominant zooplankton groups with an average density of 136.4 no. per liter, Tintinnids 98.7, Cyclopoida 60.8, Calanoida 35.7 and Harpacticoids 14.5 no. per liter . The average of water and air temperature was recorded 29.4 °C and 28.3 °C, respectively. Average of salinity was 41.2 and pH was 8.46. The average of depth in all stations was 5.7 m. The mean concentrations of silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and total phosphate were 1.99, 0.03, 0.009, 0.14 0.15 ppm, respectively and the average of chlorophyll - a was 0.94 mg.m-3.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation conducted for evaluation Silo (Cylindrical) Fish Tanks as an applicable method for aquaculture of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Current research was designed in two practical phases as accidental experiments through 3 treatments and repeats of which stocked by three Rainbow trout (375 gr) densities as 75, 100 and 125 fish/m3 in 9 silo fish tanks (2 m3). For better understandings of the silo performance method, concrete circular fish tanks (similar volume) considered as controls and stocked as similar fish densities as silo tanks. The duration of the first phase of experiment was 150 days. The second phase of the experiment was determined for evaluating two proposed silo type (Inlet and outlet in bottom side / Inlet from bottom and outlet in upper side). In this stage, proposed silos (stocked by fish of 294 gr weigh) tested for rearing trout for 30 days. Water supplied from two surface wells after some aeration operations. Stocked fish were fed by pellets made by Fish Feed Chineh Company (Ltd) in Iran. Feeding operation conducted according to the recognized manuals by consideration of water temperature, fish weight and biomass. Meanwhile, biometry operation conducted in 10 days intervals while fish were anaesthetized. In addition, water quality was determined by daily measurements. According to the results of the first phase of experiment, there were significant variations on Growth rate, survival rate, FCR, FCE and SGR through the cultured organisms in silo tanks compared to the circular tanks. Meanwhile, according the results of an economic study on this survey, the fish culture in silo tanks showed significant economical and profitable in compare to controls. In additions, the second phase of experiment showed better aeration conditions in silo tanks when inlet water supply from bottom side and outlet located in upper side. Because of the fine distribution of fish in silo tanks and more usage of depth by this method, fish culture would be an applicable and profitable technique in narrow lands and slopes through the mountains area. The maximum stocking rate recorded more than 100 Kg fish/m3 in silo tanks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and lobate order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m2 in the summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m2. The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16% of Phytoplanktons. The most abundance of intaked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents. The young specimen (5〈 mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reproduction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zooplankton populations and Clupeonella stocks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculure and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. these areas(North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions,and production time table. Survey was started frome 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces.results revieled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase , protamex , pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio) , silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) , grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I ). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS ( Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus delberuki , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus thermophilus ) and TSB ( Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples . Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat ) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then . The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Tilapia is the second cultured fish in the world. Up to 135 countries produces tilapia. Intensive culture systems of tilapia such as cage culture are recently developed because of limitations of water resources. In Iran, studies about tilapia were started in National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics from November 2008 and some aspects of tilapia aquaculture and culture systems are surveyed. Investigation about cage culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was performed in two culture periods of 2012 and 2014 in fresh and brackish water conditions of Iran for the first time. Stocking densities of fish in the cages were 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 fish/m^3 . 100g fish stocked reached 272-331 g during 80 days in the first study. However, 50g fish stocked reached 329-450 g during 145 days in the second study. Results of cage culture of tilapia in fresh and brackish water conditions showed ranges of FCR: 1.56-3.72 and 1.08-1.87, DGR: 1.63-2.91 and 2.14-2.92 g/day, SGR: 0.63-1.12 and 1.29-1.54, production: 5.98-38 and 7.17-41.6 kg/m^3 , respectively. Stocking densities 75-125 fish/ m^3 were appropriate especially in fish reared in brackish water cages.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in North of Persian Gulf from 2001 to 2002. Sampling was done in two transect (6 stations) in different depth in Khuzestan coastal waters. Some environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, DO, density, EC and chlorophyll a by CTD instrument and also Nutrient were measured. Phytoplankton was collected with Niskin sampler from 4 layers 0.5, 20, 50 meter and 2 meter above the bottom. Zooplankton and benthic fauna sampled by Pump and Peterson grab respectively. Physical and chemical parameters were showed little fluctuation during the year. The highest variation ranges were observed in: temperature (17.7-33.8), pH (5.3 - 7.2), DO mg/lit (2.9 -7.5), turbidity (3.8-16.3), salinity (39.4-40.9). The most frequent phytoplankton was observed in classes of: Bacilariophyceae (62%), Cyanophyceae (29%), and Dinophyceae (16%).The most frequent genus of each phytoplankton group were Rhizosolenia, Nitzschia, and Pluerosigma. Occurrence of phytoplankton decreased from surface water to depth layers and then increased near the bottom. The highest diversity and evenness indexes were in spring, summer and winter respectively. The most abundant of zooplankton were founded 5 groups included: Crustacean, moullsca and polycheata larvae, protozoa and some a few Chaetognaths. The most frequent groups of zooplankton were Copepod (62.9%); Moullsca larvae (26.1 %) and the most abundant of copepod genus were: paracalanus, Oncea, Oithona, Microsetella. Zooplankton in off shore stations were more than near shore stations. The most abundant of benthic groups were: Amphipoda (25%), Bivalve (18%), and polycheata (17%). The type of sediment in all stations was silt - clay. Max. and Min. anmount organic matter was 47.18% and 15.3% respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present project in related to survey of factors and hydrology and hydrochemical features (water temperature, dissolve oxygen saturation, pH, clearance, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) hydrobiology (zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrobenthos) and survey of bio environment pollution (oil, heavy metal, detergent) executed in lower 10m in different water larger in southern Caspian Sea in 2002-2003. For sampling 8 lines number were vertical on coast that selected from Astra in west to Gomishan in east in southern Caspian Sea basin. The result indicated the average physical factors such as pH were 8.11 and salinity12.12 ppt ,and disolve oxygen6.7 mg/l. Average chemical factors such as NO2 , NO3 and NH4 were 1.2 µg/l, 25.7 µg/l, 13 µg/l respectively.Total nitogen and organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen were 690.2 µg/l , 667.6 µg/l , 41.6 µg/l. Average silicat were recrded 266.35 µg/l . Total Phosphorus was observed 37.35 µg/l and average of organic Phosphorus concentration was and 20.25 µg/l .Average of Total organic matter (T.O.M) was 4.98% maximum amount were observed in Lisar and minimum in Nooshahr . Concentration of heavy metal during sampling were respectively ,Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Ph〉Co〉Cd〉Cu. Maximum concentration of Fe were determined in winter in Nooshahr and Babolsar respectively 13/3 µg/l 17/1 µg/l. In many stations and different Season, the amount of heavy meta were lower standard of in marine water. The concentration of oil hydrocarborate ( PAHs) in autumn was 0/13 ppb and in winter 0/12 ppb. The amount of ( PAHs) in Southern Caspian Sea were Lower than other parts of Caspian Sea. The average of detergent concentration ( LAS) was 0/036 µg/l that was two fold higher than determined in 2001. Total 107 species of phytoplankton belong to 5 phylum were identified. The numbers of species of phytoplankton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (42 species), cyanophyta (17 species), pyruphyta (17 species), chlorophyta (21 species) and euglenophyta (9 species). The maximum diversity of phytoplankton observed in summer and minimum in autumn. High diversity of chrysophta and cyanophyta observed in summer and phyrophyta and chrlophyta in spring. The composition of phytoplanhkton groups were respectively, chrysophyta (70%), phyrophyta (9%) and chlorophyta (7%) and euglonophyta (1%). Maximum density of phytoplankton was observed in autumn and minimum in winter. Total 19 species of Zooplankton were identified. Maximum diversity was observed in summer and minimum in winter. Zooplankton changes during sampling, showed amount of density of zooplankton in 5m were more than 10 m depths. Total (17 species macrobenthos were identified. The composition of macrobenthos groups were respectively , Annalida (92/7% ) , Bivalvia (2/7%) gumarida (108%) cumacea ( 1/5%) , Balanidae 103% . max . density were observed in Astara and min . in Sefied roud Average of density were 1218 0/851 ind /m2 and biomass 14 15 g/m2 High density were recorded in autumn and low density in winter . Correlation of phytoplankton and zooplankton with physicochemical parameter and also relation between total organic matter and sediment grain size were calculated.Ecological indicies (simpson diversity evenns diversity and shanoon-wiever diversity) were calculated for macrobenthos. Data were shown impact of cetenephora (Mnenemiopsis leidyi) on zooplankton and phytoplankton and macrobenthos density.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in continuation of previous studies on artificial reefs monitoring in Khozestan coastal waters. The main purpose was the zoo species composition on and around the artificial reefs. Sampling was done from May 2012 to April 2013, from 4 stations in artificial reefs area. Reef structures were sampled by scuba diving. Physical and chemical parameters were measured and water quality status was determined by using WQS index. Zooplankton and macrozooplankton communities were sampled by 100 and 300 micrometer mesh size nets respectively. Benthic animal's samples from sediments around of the reefs body were collected by Ekman grab. Sediment characters, TOM and grain size were analyzed by using ignition loss and size series sieves methods respectively. Secondary production of macrobenthic animals based on dominant species length classes was estimated. Ichthyological information recorded by diver (census and video recording) and Gargoor traps were used for fishing effort calculation .Except for nitrite parameter (p〈0.05) in different stations and silica parameters (p〈0.05) in different months, other parameters were not shown significant differences in studied stations and months. The mean of zooplankton density was (914±52) N/m3 and the Copepoda species were the most abundant group (235 ±10) N/m3.Anosim analysis showed no significant differences in reefs specie composition. Different Crustacean groups were included more than 82 percent of macrozooplanktons communities. Among macrozooplankons, the mean density of decapoda, branchiopoda and copepoda were 302, 296 and 191.5 N/m3 respectively. The mean density of macrobenthic animals was 418±90.26 N/m2 and mollusk, crustacean and polychaets were the most abundant benthic animals respectively. During the study period, total macrobenthos biomass 11.37 g-wet/m2 and its mean value 2.84 g -wet /m2, were estimated. Annual production for polychaets and crustacean groups 154g-wet/m2 and 182 g-wet/m2 were estimated respectively. Annual production of total macrobenthic animals was about 675 g-wet/m2/y. According to sediment analysis, the range of silt-clay (8.7-95.6)% and seasonal mean TOM (4.47-13.25)% were calculated in studied stations. According to attached organisms biomass (wet weight), Cnidarian Anthozoa class with (88)% was the most abundant and then sponge (10)%, Cnidarian Hydrozoan class and arthropoda each one with 1% were included total attached organisms. Due to high biomass of Anthozoa species the most abundant mean was observed in spring season. The Malacostraca group especially Crustacean (72)% was the main mobile animals on reef bodies and then Echinodermata (Ophiurida and marine Orchids) (18)%, Mollusca (Bivalves and Gastropods) (4)% and Polychaets (3)% were the main mobile organisms. The range of Shannon diversity index was (3.22-3.46) and (2.44-3.38) in studied stations and months respectively.Totaly in studied area, the number 15 fishes species were observed and Sparidae family with 3 species were the diverse fish family.The fish Hamour (Epinephelus coiodes,Seranidae) (87)% was presented in all studied months and stations. After Hamour the Neopomacentrue sindensis and Diplodus sargus Kotschyi were the most abundant fishes. The maximum and the minimum of hamour catch per unit effort were in reef B in spring and reef C in autumn respectively .Data comparing showed that except for nitrite the other physical and chemical parameters were observed in the same range by 2005-2007 study. According to obtained results, Zoo communities in different part of ecosystem showed greater diversity than to past years and in comparing to mudflat coastal waters in Khozestan waters, new ecosystem has been created in the region. High diversity of different animal groups that were disperses in water column in early phases of its life and need to settlement to substrate to continuing the life were observed in area. Attached animals plays an important role in biological and ecological characters in the coastal area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to the physical and chemical factors, planktons identification, determination of Chlorophylla and primary production in lake on study wad conducted, behind the Halilrud dam in Jiroft city. For this purpose 5 station selected and sampling was performed seasonally. Compersion of physical, chemical factors and planktons were done by duncan multiple test range. Studied factors had the suitable value for fish culture. In classes of Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and, Chlorophyceae had the most frequency respectively. Totally 49 phytoplanktons genus were identified which 18, 14,8,5 and 3 genus were related to Chlorophy ceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Chrysophyceae, genus respectively. Nitzchia and Navicula in Bacillariophyceae, Chlorococcum, Pediastrum, Staurastrum and Tetradron in Chlorophyceae, Spirulina, Chroococcus, Phormidium in Cyanophyceae and Dinobryon in Chrysophyceae had the most frequency. From Various group of zooplankton, Copepoda, Naplius, Cladocera, Rotifera (Brachinus, Keretella), Trichuridae were identified in winter season and Rotifera was the most of all. Chlorophylla had not significant difference in 9 seasons but it had significan difference in 5 depthes. Increasing in depth causes to decrease chlirophyla. The most chlorophylla was in 0.5m depth (4.7 mg/m3 ) and the least chlorophyllla was in 20m depth(0.82mg/m3) primary production in lake was calculated by chlorophylla equal to 154 kg/ha/year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian Sea is the largest lake, both by its area and volume. Zooplankton are very important in the food web since many animals eat them.The Sampling was done in 4 transacts in Anzali, Tonekaboun, Noushahr and Amirabad at 3 different depths including 5, 10 and 20 m. Sampling was carried out in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in 2013. The annual changes of zooplankton was between 392±113 ind./ m3 in autumn (Amirabad) to 8065±11735 ind./ m3 in winter (Amirabad). The lowest density of zooplankton in the spring was 2207 ind./ m3 in Anzali. The density of zooplankton in Tonekabon and Amirabad was 2.0 and 2.8 fold more than other transects respectively. The results showed that the abundance of zooplankton in summer was between 1964±470 ind./ m3 (Amirabad) to 5706±6088 ind./ m3 (Tonekabon). The biomass was 30.02, 52.22, 22.98 and 18.31 in Anzali, Tonekabon, noshahr and Amirabad respectively. The abundance of zooplankton in the autumn reached the lowest value. The lowest value was 392 ±113 ind./ m3 and 3.71± 0.19 mg/ m3 (Amirabad) and highest value was 2280 ±1435 ind./ m3 and 20.23 ± 14.50 5mg/ m3 (Anzali). The highest density was observed in Amirabad (8065 ind./ m3 ) and Anzali (8061 ind./ m3 ) in winter. The aim of this study was diversity, distribution, density and biomass of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Common carp is the most important culture fish in the word, that can be consider as domestic fish. The Common carp of Caspian Sea is one of the economic fish, that have some morphenological differences, resistance in salt water and better quality in meet with domestic once and for using this fish in culture system, it is necessary to establish genetically parameters especially the heritability for selection purpose. The present study have been started from 2007 and lasted 3 years. The breeders were collected from the Gomishan station in south-east of Caspian Sea by fisherman and stocked in S.Rajaei fish restocking center and propagate based on the routine propagation technique in this farm. For heritability estimation a factorial crosses by 7×7 fish were done. Therefore, the fingerlings of 49 crosses were achieved, that kept first separately fiberglass tank and then in pond separately. Weight and length of fish were choice for heritability estimation. The average weight of juvenile common carp in 3 sampling stage of 90, 180 and 360 days, were 5.9, 35.7 and 84.7 gram and length of 9.6, 14.7 and 19.2 cm respectively. The heritability estimation for weight was 0.26 and length 0.25. Selection response based on selection difference by collection the more average breeders among their progeny were 36.4 g that means by selection every generation, there is about 4 percent improving in fish weight.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Limnological studies of the Zarrineh River have been performed in order to identify physicochemical and biological characteristics of this river. Water samples from 14 sites along the river length were examined monthly during a year. The results indicated the river was polluted by Saghez and Miandoab Cities sewage to the extent of poly saprob , the extent of pollution at other sites was within the limits of oligo saprob or meso saprob. The results also showed that all dissolved and mineral compositions in this river was safe for drinking but iron concentration and water hardness in the terminal sites near the Urmia Lake are higher than EPA standards for drinking . This can not, however, pose serious problem for warm water fish culture activities. Domestic sewage seem to be the most important pollution source to this river. Although the self-purification capacity of this river seem to be high but large number of polluting sites along the river exceed this capacity.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in the North of Oman Sea in parts of Iranian waters during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons between 2007 and 2009. Number of 10 transects were chosen from coastal to maximum 50 meter depth. Cruise was done with Fredous ship and Rosette bottle multi watersampler was used for sampling. A phytoplankton community in the North of Oman Sea included in 204 species and divided in six taxonomic divisions: Bacillariophyceae (89 species), Dinophyceae (105species), Cyanophyceae (6species), Dicthyochophyceae (2species), Euglenaphyceae and silicoflagellate each (1species) respectively. Density decreased in most transects from inshore toward offshore waters and maximum density was in surface layear.Significant differences between each transects were found. Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were dominant in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively throughout two years. Important genuses of diatoms are Rhizosolenia, Chaetoceros, Pleurosigma, Coscinodiscus, Gyrosigma, Nitzscha, Navicula, and Leptocylindrus. And also there were Dinophyceae like: Scrippsiella, Pyrophacus, Gymnodinium, Pyrodinium, Prorocentrum, Cochlodinium, and Noctiluca. Phytoplankton density in the post-monsoon were recorded higher than pre-monsoon, furthermore phytoplankton density in 2009 was more than 2007. Cochlodinium polykrikoides density increased in 2009 especially in the pre-monsoon then dropped to post-monsoon season. Zooplankton population in this study is characterized by 8 phylum, 8 classes, 15 orders, 35 families and 78 genuses. Copepoda was the most abundant group of zooplankton and included in 4 orders of Cyclopoida, Calanoida, Poecilostomatoid and Harpacticoida. The static result showed significance among different transects layers and lines. In this study, 31 ichthyoplankton families with different density and distribution were recorded. In the pre-monsoon eight families was identified and Scainidaea family had the highest density and also in postmonsoon 6 families was classified in which scainidae was dominant family. In pre-monsoon 2009, we found 8 families that Pomacentridae family had higher density; Hemiramophidae was in the second position and followed by Clupeidae. In post-monsoon season density and diversity were increased and 23 families were recorded. Myctophidae family was the most abundant. The highest frequency there was other important families like Engraulidae, Synodontidae, Scainidae, and Leiognathidae in this period. Result of this study indicated that the monsoon was important and effect on abundance, distribution and species composition of plankton.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The alarming rate of population growth has increased the demand for food production in third-world countries leading to a yawning gap in demand and supply. This has led to an increase in the number of hungry and chronically malnourished people. This situation has created a demand for the formulation of innovative and alternative proteinaceous food sources. Single cell protein production is a major step in this direction. SCP is the protein extracted from cultivated microbial biomass. Algae, fungi and bacteria are the chief sources of microbial protein that can be utilized as SCP. Produced proteins from these microbes have various nutrition values. SCP is the manufacture of cell mass using microorganisms by culturing on available agriculture, industrial wastes and fisheries by products. Fish wastes due to high protein are the most important substrates for SCP production. In this study, SCP production was done from Silver carp and tuna fish wastes (head, tail and vise versa) and cooked water of canned tuna factories. The used microbes were six genus and species of yeasts include Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cereviceae, Rhodotorula, Khyveromyces marxians, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Bacillus subtilis and B.licheniformis. The examination was done in bench scale and CSTR bioreactor (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor). The effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, time, supplemented substrates, method of inoculation of microbes, rpm were evaluated. Changes of microbial growth and protein contents were tested by using Optical Density (OD) and Makrokjeldal methods respectively. In end of examination, produced protein were extracted and lyophilized. The results showed that protein percentage in bacterial protein was than yeast protein but wet percentage in bacterial protein was low. Production value produced from tuna fish wastes was higher than (30-45 g/l) to Silver carp wastes (25-29 g/l) and cooked water (10-15 g/l). By adding supplemented substrates, production value has been increased. Candida utilis, in comparison other yeasts, has high activation. B.licheniformis has also had more activation than Bacillus subtilis. The results of the effect some parameters on fermentation showed that yeasts and Bacillus in pH= 5.4 and 32oC and pH=6.9 and 35oC were better than growth pH=6 and 25oC and pH=6.5 and 30oC respectively. Time of fermentation in batch and bioreactor was 54 and 21 hours respectively. High rpm has been caused increasing of microbial growth in bioreactor. The conclusion showed that with optimizing of the growth condition such as some parameters (pH, temperature, substrates and so on) produced SCP with high efficiency. However, produced SCP should be exanimated with other specific tests such as amino acid and fatty acid profiles, minerals, nucleic acids and so on. After full examination, this SCP as probiotic could be used in fish and poultry feed.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Isolation , Purify , semi mass culture and mass culture of algae was started in bony fishes research center of Guillan from 2001-2004.during this survey 39 species of algae stock remained that all of them were pirified. Some of economic valuation of algae were studied ,forexample: food for aquaculture , protein, lipid and toxin extraction and antibacterial property. The result showed that Rodomonas sp. Initiate the most of growth and survival for Daphnia magna because this species have a lot of unsaturation fatty acid (w3) , also the species of cyclotellasp. was fed better than other algae by silver carp in this survey . amount of toxin was a little in most of algae. The species of Anabaena spp1. , Anabaena flos-aquae have Antibacterial property but Anabaena bergii, Nostoc caraneum and Oscillatoria affricanum have antifungal property.the both Antibacterial and antifungal property observed in Anabaena variabilis , Anabaena spp2.and Anabaena spp3.amount of protein in green and blue-green algae wasrespectively 51±8 and 60±10 percent of dry weight . Total lipid amount was 12±0.4 , 8±0.3 and 2±0.8 percent of dry weight respectively in chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus , Anabaena flos- aquae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Responsible aquaculture is a new concept in Iran but in some countries there are good historical performances. In fact this concept is as the spacial challenge for developing countries in order to improvement of aquaculturist livelihood. In bangladesh, near to 60% of the people, which the most of are villagers, live under the poor line . Developing the NGOs and their activities to reach the responsible aquaculture objectives were so effective, since this activity has been knew as profitable acuaculture and many international workshops, symposiums and conferences have been held in this regard all the world . In this project, a complex of parameters affected on preparing manegement of warmwater fish farms have been studied with using previous studies and experiments of different countries and executive guidelines of four modules prepared including: - Guidline of preparing of warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of water enrichment and using fertilization in warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of using aeration in warmwater fish ponds - Guidline of stocking method in warmwater fish ponds

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was designed in the Helleh region, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Busher, in 2000. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 7 month period (harvest and post harvest season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, in effluent canal, estimated parameters of water was higher than other stations every month, and tend to decreased after being discharged into the sea and got closed to normal level. Comparison of above data with permit able range of municipal and aquaculture waste and comparison of present data with data of normal condition of region, show that, aquaculture industry of Helleh region has not had any obvious negative effect on the coastal waters of Bushehr, in the culture year of 2000.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In Iran, Chinese carps (Common carp, Grass carp, Silver carp and Big head) are cultured by using poly culture methods. Carps have been interested for culture for some properties like easy to farming, fast growth, availability in all season and low lost. In this study, the amount of fatty acid composition in silver carp oil has been evaluated by urea complex method in 1, +5 and -5°C. The fatty acid was purified by crystallization method. The highest amount of fatty acid achieved in 1°C temperature. According to our results, n-3 fatty acid increased but saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated decreased. Maximum purity of fatty acid in 1, 5 and -5°C temperature was found 67.8, 36.82 and 22.53 percent, respectively. In this project, proximate composition of silver carp meat was also evaluated. The n-3 fatty acid was microencapsulated by mass complex method and different parameters effects such as binding agent, different rate of mixing effect, ion power, different salt concentrations, usage of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldeid were studied. Average size of microcapsules in 100,300,500,750 and 1000rpm were found 537.2, 84.4, 12.98, 8.24 and 4 mµ, respectively. Results showed that the best salt concentration for encapsulation was 0.1 molar. In this concentration, the average of microcapsule size was received to 3.3. Using glutaraldeid, mixing glutaraldeid and polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1 molar salt and 1000rpm was prepared the best condition for formation the microcapsule.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In order to produce a procedure for production of a natural food source for fish, amphipod Gammarus (Crustacea) were noticed, which inhabits spring-brooks in wide areas of Fars province, especially in its cold regions. Five typical habitats of these animals were firstly identified, and some of their important physical and chemical factors, including depth, current velocity, width of habitat, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and electrical conductivity were measured monthly for one year, May 2000-April 2001. Some other factors of water quality like calcium, magnesium, and total hardness, sulfate, chloride, and potassium ions concentration were measured just once. Artificial culture were designed and conducted in three steps. At step 1, using 10 individuals in four 1000 cc beakers, firstly the effect of three different sources of water, the city pipe water, ground water (a well), and water from one of the typical springs were investigated measuring survival time in no-food condition. Then, selecting spring water, the effect of three different diet including fresh lettuce leaves, decaying willow leaves, and fish pellets on the specimen s survival were recorded. At step 2, using 400 individuals in four 40 liter glass tanks containing and supplied with fresh lettuce leaves as food source, firstly the probable effect of artificial illumination, and then, introduction of microbial flora from the habitat spring were compared to a control group. In both steps, water was aerated continuously. Finally at step 3, an experimental pond (600cm×200cm, with 50cm depth) was made and 2000 adult amphipods were introduced. Animals were fed by fish pellet. During the experiment, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH, along with the new population density and total body length were measured in consequent repeated times. All the data were processed by calculation of means, standard deviations, and statistical tests including Analysis of Variance and Duncan test. Results showed that in natural habitats current velocity ranged 2.5-100cm/s (Mean=29.3), water depth ranged 5-60cm (mean=25.3), water temperature ranged 11.2-18.4°C (Mean=14.4) dissolved Oxygen ranged 3.45-13.33 ppm (Mean=7.5), pH ranged 6.5-8.8 (Mean7.6), and electrical conductivity ranged 200- 760µs/cm (Mean=357), in the period of our investigation. Range of variation between five habitats was 26.55- 56.64ppm (Mean=43.48) for Chloride ion concentration, 7.20-16.80ppm (Mean=12.77) for sulfate ion, 50.50- 85.77ppm (Mean=63.00) for Calcium hardness, 99.50-246.22ppm (Mean=138.59) for Magnesium hardness, 150-332ppm (Mean=201.6) for total hardness, and 0.15-0.30ppm (Mean=0.25) for Potassium ion concentration. Culture experiments showed that spring water is significantly the only reliable source compared to the well water and city pipe water, and lettuce fresh leaves and decaying willow leaves had showed significant differences compared to fish pellet in feeding amphipods in closed and limited spaces of laboratory containers. Also, artificial photoperiod had a significant negative effect in laboratory situations which their water temperature was not controlled on low ranges, due to a rapid and huge algal growth. Adding microbial flora, which may has benefits for amphipod s better growth, showed no significant effect on their survival in tanks. Culture in pond proposed that the process of growth and reproduction acts continuously through the whole year, but it seemed that new generations did not reach the adulthood and sexual maturation until the coming spring.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of salt and useless lands in adjacent to Caspian Sea. As these areas have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal culture. As a result, the successful results obtained from imported gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) culture project in north climate, it has demonstrated that the gray mullet has a good biocharacteristic for culturing in pond enclosure environment and in different aquatic conditions (fresh water, brackish water and salt water). From 1998 until 2001, the broodstock yield and gray mullet artificial propagation projects were performed by fisheries research center of Mazandaran in Ghomishan prawn culture station in adjacent to Caspian Sea (East north of Mazandaran Province). This investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the survey of possibility available about matured fish as well as induction of final maturation and artificial propagation for producing of broodstock and larva. In addition, in this way, we will obtain new information about gray mullet propagation and culture as marine species. We introduce mass production in aquaculture. At present research, the possibility of broodstock yield and artificial propagation of gray mullet have investigated by gray mullet fingerlings imported from Hong kong and then they have cultured in earth ponds of Ghomishan areas during five years (1994-1998). In order to broodstock production in spring 1998, two earth ponds (0.5 hectare) were prepared. 100 specimens of fish stock (1-2.5 kg weight average and 5 years of age) placed in each pond. For providing of suitable water and nutrition, fish were fed by food containing rich protein (40%) with 3-5% body weight and maintained in water with 30-35 ppt salinity. The survey of sexual maturation was performed by sampling of sexual glands through year. There were four stages in dominant female broodstocks. This survey indicated that oocytes have emerged stage 1 (immature) from March to June, stage 2 (yolk vesicle) in September and stage 4 (yolk globule) in October. Three stages (first, second and third) of yolk formation in oocytes will occur but these stages take place in October, December and January respectively. It's obvious that oocytes will progress into the end of third stage (yolk formation) and then their growth was arrested. Ovum with 600 m diameter was observed when the water temperature declined less than 18 c and day time was short (from middle autumn to middle winter), on that time, fish were induced by hormone because lack of final maturation and ovulation, there fore, natural spawning was not occurred in pond condition. Furthermore, artificial propagation of mugil cephalus was occurred by hormonal induction. Hormonal induction was utilized by inject of many hormones (LHRH, Cph, HCG). Using different components of hormones and also their different doses obtained the best results from broodstock that the average ovum diameter was about 600 m. Several types hormones which were injected into gray mullet with two or several intermittent (24 h intervals) along with 20-25 c temperature and 30-35 ppt salinity. This condition can provide stage 4 maturity for fertilization. Totally (as whole), three intermittent fertilization was necessary for exiting of larva, larva production in first, second and third intermittents that were 2000, 2500 and 300 specimens respectively. Larva fed on chlorella algae and rotifera and they have maintained for 14-15 days. The results of obtainable research indicated the possibility of gray mullet broodstock production in cultural condition, artificial propagation and larva production. This research took place for the first time in north climate of Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps ( Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l , when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concenteration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l ) , respectively . In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compaired to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst , decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts , 273.2 ± 4.9 µ , 242.4± 3.8 µ and 542.6 ± 27.0 µ., respectively . The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦ C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively.The highest hatching was observed on 5 th day at 15 ◦ C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore , water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species.The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was beter when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensetive cysts . In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦ C (42%) and lowest at 25◦ C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦ C.In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity = 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity = 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore , regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico – chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expantion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity , culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthics and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total) , Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11 . Biomass (mgr/m3) and numbers (ind./m3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 millions respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million ( ind/ m3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5 . The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m3 Table 4 . Also numbers and biomass (gr/m2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m2) and March (0.6428 gr/m2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: For hand feeding of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a kind of fish used in integrated carp culture, two kinds of pellets with Alfa alfa as current food were suggested as follows: 1. Pellet B with low fiber and high protein 2. Pellet C with high fiber and low protein The ingredient ratio was powdered and mixed, by adding water, fiber was made and minced the minced pellet was put on net tray and then in blotter to be dried and ready for use. In this experiment food quality analysis and also food water stability was measured. Regarding sampling, growth rate and weight increase of fish and FCR of each ratio was determined. Results indicates diet C is not able to compete with Alfa alfa from the stand point of weight increase, FCR and price. But diet B with low FCR and higher growth rate and higher price (not meaning ful P 5%) can compete with Alfa alfa.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Present study was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province from August 2001 until May 2003. Fourteen stations at three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total suspended solid and turbidity. Sampling was conducted twice a month during the shrimp culturing period and monthly at other times. Water samples were collected every two weeks to determine Chemical and Physical factors, Chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. Sediment samples were collected seasonally to examine Macrobenthos, Grain size and Total Organic Matter. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr gulf) over the study period. One-way analyze of variance of chemical and physical factors indicated significant difference between different times as well as different stations (p〈0.05). The negative relationship was observed between the culturing production area and the amount of average dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspend solid. An increase in the culturing production area in 2002 as compared to that of 2001 causes a decrease in the amount of these factors. However, it dose indicates positive relationship with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, transparency and chlorophyll. Forty nine phytoplankton genus were identified, which mainly belong to diatoma, dinoflagellate and green blue algae. Diatom was dominated among these groups. Diatom and green-blue algae and diatom comprised %79, %69 and %64 of phytoplankton flora respectively in supply channel, Gwater Gulf and drainage channel. Copepod and thintinnida were the major groups of zooplankton. High abundance of bivalve, Polychaetes and amphipoda were found in supply channel, Gwatr Gulf and drainage channel respectively. Analysis of grain size showed the existence of sandy sediment in Gulf of Gwatr and sandy-loom in supply channel. Drainage channel sediment found to be sandy-loom, sandy-silty-loom and sand loom. Among three locations, the highest TOM was found in drainage channel. In last location, production area in 2002 increased as compared to that of 2001, which showed negative relationship with salinity, nitrate, nitrit, ammonia and chlorophyll a. Drainage of the Gwatr s shrimp farm did not cause any thermal contamination in the location. Shrimp aquaculture activities caused an increase in the average of salinity, range of pH in the Gwatr Gulf.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study has been carried out to evaluate the possibility to culture shanak (yellow fin seabream: Acanthopagrus latus) fish in the ground pond. The study including two experiments. In the first experiment two commercial available feeds (403 as shrimp food and F.F.T as trout food both produced by Chineh company) are used to evaluate the growth performance of the bream Juvenile produced artificially in the Bandar Imam Mariculture Research Stationin weghing 2.72- 3.54 g. To perform the first experiment 6 ground ponds each with 0.25 ha area are used as replicates 3 ponds randomly allocated to each food. 5000 in dividual juvenile fishes are stocked in each pond. After 116 days rearing period well growth performances are achieved for both foods with no significant difference (P 0.05) between them, although better growth performances are observed for F.F.T food. The final weight (WE), SVR ,FCR and SGR of shanak for F.F.T food respectively were 23.29 ± 11.14, 95.98% ±0.78, 1.39 ±0.26 and 3.47±0.23 where for 403 food were 22.08±9.95 , 89.67%±8.75 , 1.53±0.12 and 3.25±0.33 respectively. In the second experiment in which only trout food was used the target was to examine the growth parameters of shanak juvenile in a full rearing period (198 days) in the ground pond. Juvenile fishes with 36.53 g were used with same methods adopted for the first experiment. The final weight of 206.3 g is achieved by 89.35% SVR and 1.92 of FCR. Results of this experiment showed that the growth quickly improved with fast rate along with the increment of temperature and salinity up to 25ºC and 14 ppt respectively. There after by the raising the temperature and salinity more than 25 ºC and 14ppt respectively the growth reduced.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was performed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative operation of hatcheries and shrimp culture Sites in Hormozgan province during years 2004-2006. All the active hatcheries including one hatchery located in Bandar-e-Jask, Three hatcheries in Bandar-e-Kohestak, one hatchery in Bandar-e-kolahi and two hatcheries in Qeshm island also three shrimp culture sites including Tiab-e-Shomali, Tiab-e-Jonubi and sayeh khosh were surveyed. The Information about scientific and technical persons, employments, productions, important problems and also situation of costs and net were recorded in special forms. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results revealed that about 50% of the hatcheries located in Hormozgan province are closed through the different problems such as, failure of customer, failure of a distinct plan for post larvae producing, high coast of producing parameters and so on. Results also revealed that only 7.1% of farms located in sayeh khosh area, about 40.2 % of farms located in Tiab-e-Shomali and 62 % of farms located in Tiab-e-Jonubi areas are active. The two later areas have established about ten years ago. The most problems of most farm in Hormozgan province are the failure of sufficient knowledge of farms managers, high cost and low quality of shrimp foods manufactured by huge factories and low cost of cultured shrimps. Final, it can be said that problems of hatcheries are depended to shrimp farms problems. If problems of farms be did, problems of hatcheries will be did.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Rutilus kutum is one of the most important economic fish species of Iranian costal of Caspian Sea. This species conducted more than 60% of fish caught in Caspian Sea annually, and more than 10 thousands fisherman engaged to its fishery. In present study, kutum fingerlings reared in two different densities include of 25 and 40 fish/m2 with mean weight of 17.5 ± 5.87 g. The period of test being planned 10 weeks and the test organism housed in circular concrete pools of 3 m3 capacity with flowing water and aeration in pools are supplied. The fishes feed by extrude food with 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat. After termination of the experiment, the result showed that weight gain performance, specific growth rate, condition factor, food efficiency rate and protein efficiency rate decreased, while food conversion ratio increased with rising of density, as their different was significance in two experimental treatments (p〈0.05). The kutum reared in low density showed significantly higher survival rate (SVR) (with 88.8%) than high density (with 76.9%) (p〈0.05). Based on the different observed effects of the density on growth and survival, it is recommended the use of a 25 kutum/m2 density for rearing by Caspian Sea water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali , Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Gilan with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at 8 transect in the southern Caspian sea. Transects were located at Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10,20,50and 100m. Samples were taken in 4 seasons ( in each season 64 samples) in 2009. In this study 23 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 8 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 8 species of Cladocera. The meroplankton blonged to 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae. The annual results revealed that the maximum abundance of Copepoda were 3612±4839 ind/m3 and 35/75 ±42/81 mg/ m3 in summer and decreased gradually since autumn and reached to minimum value in winter. The maximum abundance of Cladocera was 300± 383 ind/m3 in spring and reached to less than 4 ind/m3 in summer and autumn. The Rotatoria had high population (3775± 8632 ind/m3) in winter which consisted the zooplankton population with Copepoda. The Protozoa had no efficient role in zooplankton population of Caspian sea during the year. The zooplankton population was affected by Meroplankton and Lamellibranchiata larvae in spring and winter. The Copepoda contributed in zooplankton population only in summer and autumn. The maximum zooplankton abundance and biomass were in 5m depth which included 10209±8352 ind/m3 and 43/56±26/08mg/ m3 in spring, 8545±7127 ind/m3 and 73/59±56/65mg/ m3 in summer(10 m depth), 8427±6711 ind/m3 and 43/15± 29/59 mg/ m3 in autumn and 24426 ±26975 ind/m3 and 334/25±392/21 mg/ m3 in winter which decresed from surface to depth. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 5119±6018 ind/m3 in east and 28/59±24/79 mg/ m3 in central area in spring, 6628±7117 ind/m3 in west area and 50/73±59/52 mg/ m3 in central area in summer, 5248 ±5489 ind/m3 and 31/16 ±31/22 mg/ m3 in west area in autumn and 11588±16191 ind/m3 and 131/02±193/61 mg/ m3 in west area in winter. The annual statistical analysis reveals that there is significant difference between Copepoda and Cirripedia population among seasons, sampling stations, depth and sampling layer (Kruskalwallis test, p〈0.05) and the total zooplankton populatin had no significant difference only between seasons (Kruskal-wallis test, p〉0.05). The Cladocera, Lamellibranchiata larvae and the Rotatoria had significant difference between seasons only (Kruskal-wallis test, p〈0.01).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Beacaus of increasing genetic variation and avoid of future hazard, monoculture of Iran native shrimp species , penaeus semisulcatus (green tigershrimp) is considered. One of the most important problems in monoculture is detection relationshipbetween biological and nonbiological factors, and thier effects on growth and survival of species.This study was caried out in four ponds (four ponds 0.4 ha). According to results, this species of shrimp needs to quantiative foods , otherwise it caues canibalism, abnormal distribution, in weight distribution diagram of shrimp and reduction of production in squere unit. Amongindependent factors such us water temprature, salinity, PH, transparency,water deep and food consumption rate, four first factors have the mostcorrelation by shrimp weight (r2=0.922).Shrimps weight variation in 3 Range,25-28, 28-31and more them 31 degree centigrade were studied. There wassignificance difference in shrimp rate variation in 3 ranges which werementioned (P〈0.05). Shrimp had best growth in 25-28 degree centigrade.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The study was conducted to achieve growth, survival and reproductive characteristics of four Artemia populations (A.urmiana , A.franciscana , Pakistan strain and Turkmanestan strain). In this study, The strains were cultured under the same and static environment in laboratory condition. All cysts strains were hatched using the standard methods and the nauplii from the populations were cultured in laboratory condition using 80 g/L salinity , 25±1 ºC with photoperiod ( 12L: 12D) and Dunalliella tertiolecta were fed. The growth and survival of artemia were determined on days 8, 11, 14 17 and 20 of culture. Randomly, The adult population were placed in 50 ml conical falcons and reproductive characteristics were determined. The results revealed that the survivorship A. franciscana had the highest survival (%99.8) and A.turkmanestan lowest survival (%92.1) The results revealed that the in growth rate while pakistanian strain had the highest growth rate(8554 micron). The results revealed that the reproductive characteristics in each population of species , the highest cyst production were observed in A urmiana, A.franciscana and A.turkmanestan strains and the highest nauplii production was due to pakistanian strain. The highest production were observed in A. franciscana and lowest production were observed in turkmanestan strain.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The present survey was conducted for evaluation of environmental impacts of shrimp farm effluents in Tiab district of Hormozgan province. During the growing season of 2003(Jul-Dec) water and sediment samples have taken with monthly intervals from inflow and outflow of the farms and related coastal waters adjacent to Tiab estuary. The samples were carried to the laboratory for physical, chemical and biological analyses. The results showed that the farms exert significant influence on humidity of surrounding air. Furthermore most of the measured parameters such as pH, salinity, BOD5, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, TP, total phytoplankton and zooplankton numbers in water column and the percentages of the TN of sediments of the outflow waters were adequately higher than inflow water, but reverse results were measured for oxygen content of the water and total macrofauna numbers. There were no any significant differences between inflow and outflow channels in the case of temperature and TN of the water. In the statistical analyses, station effect only showed significant influences on variation of zooplankton numbers, TN, COD and salinity of the water and the percentage of sediment total organic compounds. The results also showed that during the growing season in the surveyed channels the most values of water and air temperature, air moisture, salinity and COD decreased, but in contrast the magnitude values of pH, BOD5, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, TP and total phytoplankton and zooplankton numbers increased during the same time. The month effect significantly influenced the preceded noticed parameters, but had no significant effect on variation of other parameters such as: TN and total macrofauna of the water column and percentages of total organic compounds and nitrogen of the sediment. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the surveyed channels and coastal waters in the case of measured values of water and air temperature, pH and oxygen content. Higher total phytoplankton numbers were measured in the coastal waters, but most of other surveyed parameters were high in the channels. In the coastal waters the variations of most measured parameters were managed by winds and the related waves and turbulences, so water exchange with Tiab estuary had no significant effect in this respect.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Regarding the increase in world population and decrease in fish stock, there is an urgent need to aquaculture practices. Coldwater fish culture is aiming at production and providing a part of protein needs of the country and a way reaching to self- sufficiency and preserve the water resources. Recently, multi- purpose use of water resources potential and especially the rivers of west Azarbaijan, for example, construction of fish farms at upstream of permanent rivers in order to make optimum use of the resources and the increase in employment has been considered . The waste water of these pools is usually discharged into the rivers. Regarding to increased production per unit area due to water resources and cold water fish culture restrictions to use regional facilities and fish farm construction, it is nessacery to determine limits between 2 farms. In this study with the goal of evaluation of the impacts of trout farm effluents on water quality parameters of Pirdanan River, the factors of water current, temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD5, NH3, N-NO2, N-NO3, TP P-PO4 according to standard methods were determined montly during 2014-2015 . Sampling sites were entrance, exit of Maroofi trout farm and the distances of 700, 1400, 2100 and 2800 m after the farm exit. Seasonal sampling of macro invertebrates from mentioned sites was conducted using stone leaching. The family and genus of macro invertebrates were identified using identification keys and abundance of macro invertebrate phylums for each site was determined. The results revealed that the values for water current, EC, TDS, TSS, N-NO3 were significant. the values of water temperature, BOD5, TDS, TSS, N-NO3- , N-NO2-, NH3, P-PO4- , NH4+, N-NH3 were increased in site 2 compare to site 1 in all months and gradually in the river and its self- purification were decreased. In this study, 4 phylums, 4 classes, 7orders and 14 families of macroinvertbrates were identified from Pirdanan River. Ephemeroptera had the highest abundance in site 4; while Diptera had the highest abundance in site 2 (exit). Regarding that most of Diptera macro invertebrates were from Chironomidae, so it can be concluded that site 2 was the most pollutant site and sites 5 and 6 were more suitable condition. Therefore, considering the physic- chemical factors and macro inverteberates indices, 2100 m from entrance, (site 5) is recommended compliance with veterinary organization rules and other conditions of aquatic engineering, environmental and water operation standards.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Marine polychaete worms living in different beds from coastal areas, so different cultures can be different effects on their development. The evaluation of this research initially, marine polychaete worms were collected in low tidal sea areas from Gulf Persian coast in Bushehr. During several stages of sampling do more than 2000 pieces of worm were taken and then transferred to Bandarga Shrimp Research Station (Iran Shrimp Research Center). So based on a observation the desired species identification (Perinereis nuntia). Then 400 pieces worm selected and transferred to tanks maintain immature worm (fiberglass tanks with dimensions of 2 × 2 × 0.5 m with 15 cm sand on floor). The results showed that even the worms (P. nuntia) in vitro reached sexual maturity able to spawn in captivity conditions and were absolute fecundity of 16010 ± 17630 eggs. After incubation eggs, larval culture into the plastic tank with 70 cm diameter, larval (1.5 to 2 mm) were introduced with density 2000 (pieces/m2). In this research used to three different beds ( tidal , filled with water all of time and wet bed ) with three different food types (food shrimp, seaweed and vegetable waste), so there were 9 experimental treatments. All experimental treatments harvested and estimate production in each of them after 270 days. The seaweed tidal treatment with amount of 21.17 g/m2 had best results and the all of wet treatments with 0 g/m2 was the lowest production. Compare of beds showed that the tidal treatments have significant difference with other beds in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〈0.05). And for effect of food kind on growth factors, the result of difference foods in tidal treatment were analyzed. According this mater any treatments have no significant difference together in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〉0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Present project was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province.Twentieth sampling stations at three locations (i.e. 2 stations in supply channel,13 stations in drainage channel and 5 stations in Gwatar Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and biological parameters for example Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Sampling was conducted once a month from March 2003 until January 2004. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatar Gulf) over the study period. Concentration of salinity ,pH , nitatr ,nitrite ,ammonia and chlorophyll a in drainage channel were more than supply channel and Gawtar Gulf. While concentation dissolved oxygen and phosphate were in drainage channel less than Gawtar Gulf.Also, sediment with small grain size (clay and silt) caused uptake phosphate and amount phosphate decreased in drainage channel. Considering with lack of environment standards in Iran shrimp effluent, data compared with others countries standard. Results showed that with considerable farm area , value of temperature , salinity , dissolved oxygen and pH were in permit range in Gwatar Gulf while concentation nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll a were sometimes more than permit range that could cause plankton bloom.Also, Gwatar Gulf were influence monsoon. Nitate , phosphate , chlorophyll a and phytoplankton increased in gwatar Gulf.Regards with that postmonsoon was simultaneus with shrimp harvest.Therefore, increase some parameters could be caused from shrimp effluent or postmonsoon. Thirty four phytoplankton genus were identified including diatoma, dinoflagellate , cyanophyta and chlorophyta. In each area maxiumum percentage of phytoplankton were belonged to diatoma( 63%) in supply channel , cyanophyta(51.7%) in drainage channel and dinoflagellate (94.5% ) in Gwatar Gulf.Amount and range chemical and physical factors and plankton composition were different in drainage channel , supply channel and Gwatar Gulf. Cyanophyta could grow more in drainage channel.Percentage of aboundance and diversity of phytoplankton changed in 2002 inrelation to years ago( before shrimp culture , 2000 year and 2001 year) specially in Gwatar Gulf.Mainly percentage of zooplankton were copepoda and thintinida respectively.Diversity zooplankton decreased ratio to years ago. In drainage channel , abundance total of phytoplankton and zooplankton were more than Gwatar Gulf and supply channel.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In the present study, the possibility of marine culture of Asian sea bass in the shrimp earthen ponds located in the Gwadar r region (coastal area of Oman Sea, southeastern of Iran) was investigated. To this end, Asian sea bass frys reared for 7 months including 1 month nursery and 6 months growth-period. During the culturing periods, fish were feed ad libitum by various commercial rainbow trout diets based on fish growth stages. After nursery period, the average weight of 11.05±1.5 g and survival percent of 65 % were obtained for fish. During the growth-out period, the average weight increased continually from 31.4±4.7 g in late June to 252.1±30 g at the end of growth-out period in late Dec. Also, the highest values of monthly weight gain yielded during August, Sept and Oct when fish had the average weight range of (76.9±14.4)-(188.1±12.8) g. The values of monthly feed conversion ratio (FCR) were low and similar from July to Oct and then increased in Nov and Dec. The values of total monthly feed intake (FI) increased continually from July to Oct and then with a decrease in Nov, increased again in Dec. The values of survival percent after nursery and growth-out period were 65 % and 66% respectively. Also, the average of monthly FCR, FCR at the time of fish harvesting, total FI and total harvested biomass were 1.36, 2.5, 630.5 kg and 325 kg. in conclusion, the pond culture of Asian sea bass with marine water results appropriate survival and growth rates so that fish (11.05±1.5 g) obtained marketable weight (252.1±30 g) during 6 months culturing period. It seems that first-half of year in Gwadar area is more suitable for sea bass culture since this time periods results better FCR ( fed by rainbow trout feed) and has economic justification. Also, with regular sorting operation and providing of species-specific feed for Asian sea bass can increase the Production per Unit Area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Anzali wetland is one of the most important places for spawning fishes and zooplankton groups are the first consumer in this ecosystem . they are the perfect food for the larvae of fishes. Zooplankton status was evaluated in 6 stations of different areas of the Anzali wetland during March 2011 to February 2012. Sampling was done by tube (PVC) and passing through of 30 micron planktonic net. The samples were identified and counted by invert microscope. According to the results were identified 60 Genus and 6 phylum (11, 31, 10, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 genus of phylum Protozoa, Rotatoria, Arthropoda, Gastrotricha, Mollusca, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Porifera, Annelida) respectively. The results showed that the maximum annual average density of zooplankton was observed with 2497 number per litre in Karkan station and the population was more in the summer than in other seasons. Phylum of Rotatoria,, protozoa and superclass Copepoda formed 48, 45 and 6percent of the density espectively. According to the results the populationof zooplankton did not change much compared to past studies, excluding Protozoa but the diversity of all zooplankton groupe are declined very much. According to the statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis are not significant differences between density of zooplankton in different stations, months and seasons (p 〉 0.05),but significant differences were found in different phylum together (p 〈 0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: An experiment were conducted to evaluate The effect of feeding frequencies and stocking size on growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in brackish water for 102 days. Three stocking sizes (10, 25 and 40 g/fish) of rainbow trout and three feeding frequencies (feeding fish twice, three times and four times per day) were examined as the same time. Fish were fed at a restricted feeding program according to the rainbow trout standard table in the definite times during the light period. The results showed that in the group with 10 g initial weight increasing the feeding frequency, some growth factors like final weight, daily growth, and weight gain. But the other factors such as food conversion rate (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) decrease. It means in this group (10 g) two times feeding per day is not enough for an acceptable growth rate. In the two other groups with (initial weight 25 and 40 g) although by increasing the feeding frequency, some growth factors a little increase but these differences in 95% level (p≤0.05) are not significant. Therefore in rainbow trout culture with initial weight at least 25 g two times feeding per day was enough. The results of carcasses analysis of fish, showed that by increasing the feeding frequency there were no significantly difference at 95% level between the body compositions in all of treatments. With connivance of feeding frequencies, the best FCR was in the group with 10 g initial body weight and there was not any significant difference in SGR. So according to the results, it suggests that fish should be stocked with 10 g initial body weight.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This survey was carried out in 8 lines of southern area of Caspian sea consisting of Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100m in 4 seasons (spring, summer,autumn and winter) of the year 2008. The goal of this survey was identification of different species, distribution, density and Biomass of the zooplankton community in different regions and also their frequency in the different layers and depths and the population fluctuations in whole of year. The most abundance and biomass of the zooplanktons were 28005±24212 ind./m3 and 180.58±149.03 mg/m3in 5 min spring and they were reduced gradually to depths.Copepoda comprised between 9 to 16 percent, Rotatoria comprised between 5 to 13 percent and Lamellibranchiata larvae comprised between 27 to 70 percent of marin zooplanktons.The most abundance and biomass were 11746±7921 ind./m3 and 47.07±31.96 mg/m3, 5281±5521 ind./m3 and 29.03±31.68 mg/m3 in 5m of summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Copepoda comprised more than 95 percent of marin zooplanktons in all of depths in these seasons. The most abundance and biomass were 19030±16518 ind./m3 and 198.99±217.23 mg/m3 in 5 m in winter. Copepoda comprised between 17 to 49 percent and Rotatoria comprised between 32 to 70 percent of marin zooplanktons in all of depths and the abundance of other groups was not considerable in zooplankton community.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The limnological study of the Golabar dam showed that in the Glabar dam inspite of bing its early establishmeant due to high nutrient and organic matter is located in eutrophic stage. the pH as well as bicarbonate levels shows that buffering capacity of the lake is high and the value of inorganic and organic matter measured are not considered as limiting factor for warme and cold water aquaculture.In the plankton survey 44 species of phytoplankton and 25 species of zooplankton were identified.Cyclotella , Nitzschia, Synedra and Trachelomona from phytoplankton and Polyarthera , Keratella , Filinia , Pompholyx from zooplankton were the dominant spicies.the Bacillariophyta from phytoplankton with 76.5 percent and Rotatoria zooplankton to with 76.2 percent considered the highest abundant . the average frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 5*106 and 723 individual per litter. The Shironomide and Tobificide were the only two bentic group were identified in reservoir wehre their mean frequced were 293.75 and 224.30 respectively.The average biomass of bentic organism were 1.44±0.97 gr/m2.In the survey 12 species of fishes were identified.The potential natural production have been estimated to be 2.8 to 15.5 kg for bentivorous fish and varied from 53 to 175 kg /hec for plankton consumer fishes .The low temperature in several months as well as ice covered of the lake surface in particular in the months of duty and Bahman are the limiting factor of either warm or cold water fish production.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The ecological study of the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake carried out at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa. The diatoms taxa was dominated and their abundance recorded highest (2000 000 cell. l-1) in the lake. The annual phytoplankton abundance was measured as 2500 000 cell. l-1 during the study. The total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant a biotic parameters to increase cyanophytes abundance. Furthermore, 37 zooplankton taxa were identified. The Rotatoria abundance was dominated zooplankton. The annual zooplankton abundance was measured as 72 ind.l-1. Based on the CCA, there was no correlation between Rotatoria abundance and a biotic parameters. The study benthos showed Ephemeroptera and Diptera abundance were dominated; artificial bottom and lack of sediment and organic matters were the main reasons in decreasing of the benthos density. The Chitgar lake is the poorest lake in Iran due to low density of plankton and benthos organisms. The estimation of fish production was 123 kg/ha and for the lake was determaind 16 tonne. The finding display, invasive species was the main fish Chitgar lake that would be negative effect and increase eutriphication trend in the lake. Phosphorus parameter was limited parameters and trophy level recorded low due to high N/P ration in the lake. In overall the Chitgar lake situation is in Oligotrophic category with the low trophy level.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The Caspian goby, Neogobius caspius, is an endemic species of Gobiidae family in the Caspian Sea and it has ecological importance (as food for Caspian commercial fish such as sturgeons). The main aims of this study are, studying distribution, length, weight and age structure, sex ratio, diet, reproduction biology and morphological characters of this species in Guilan coast at waters of the Caspian sea and the sampling has been done monthly from Oct. 2005 to Sep. 2006 in 4 station from Astara to Chaboksar, with bottom trawl which had 12.5 meter length, 4.7 meter gape width and 2 mm mesh size in code end. The results showed N. caspius abundance is 9.82±11.93% of Gobiids and 7.92±10.10% of total fish numbers sampled in the study area (13824 specimens belong to 16 fish species) and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. CPUA of N.Caspius was estimated 52.5±105.9 ind/hec and 412.7±770.7 g/hec and there were significant differences among stations and seasons. Maximum body weight, total length and age were measured 65.10 g, 176 mm and 6 years old with an average 8.74±9.9 g, 84.83±28.4 mm and 1.83 years old, respectively and maximum age of males and females was 6 and 5 years old respectively and there were significant differences among stations and seasons and between sexes. It was estimated algometric growth model from length-weight regression, coefficient of K Von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated 0.42 and 0.68 in male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was 1.27 female to 1 male. Coefficient vacuity, relative gut length and intensity of 169 fullness were 8.72%, 0.76±0.17 and 267.7±263.3 for, respectively and Caspian goby fed on 30 different prey consist Zooplanktons (8 types), Benthic animals (15 types) and fishes (7 types) and young and yearlings have fed mainly mixed food (zooplankton and benthic animals) and adults on zoobenthose. Gammarids, Bivalvia, Cumaceae and Vormes constituted 44.7, 38.9, 24.8 and 19.7 % of prescence in full-gutted samples respectively, they were mainly preys (number and weight), hence this species is considered as euryphagus, carnivorous, benthphagus species. It was determined, Caspian goby spawns from March until last June, males and females take part in spawning in 2.8g and 65 mm and 1.3 g and 52 mm, respectively. Length at 50% maturity (LM50) was 80.2 and 77.5 mm in males and females, respectively. Maturity took place at 2 years old for both sexes, too. The absolute fecundity was estimated 109-1350 (451.6±216.3) eggs and relative fecundity 18-80 (36.8±9.2) eggs per one grams of body weight and diameter of ripe eggs was measured 1.31-2.60 (2.18±0.19) mm. Morphologically, there were 15 morphologically significant statistical differences between males and females and 15 differences among stations, sexual dimorphism was observed, too.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: 0Genetic polymorphism by means of biochemical genetic markers using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system in four barbus fish species has been investigated. Species scientific name were Barbus sharpeyi ; Gunther, 1847 , Barbus grypus ; Heckel, 1843, Barbus xanthopterus ; Heckel, 1843 and Barbus esocinus ; Heckel, 1843.Sampling site and location were mainly in the rivers located in Khoozestan province such as Karoon and Karkheh rivers and the Dez dam. Different organs such as blood, muscle, kidney, eye and heart were sampled and analysed for the presence of tf, es, sod and pgm alleles. High polymorphism and presence of different alleles scored, but populations were not in the H-W equilibrium. Considring results, using current and avaiable genetic markers such as microsattelits is recommended for future works.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Tilapia studies in Iran were begun since 2008 and different aspects of tilapia aquaculture in are researched. In the present study, limnologic factors of indoor and outdoor tilapia culture ponds, also growth performance of the cultured tilapia were investigated at the National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics, during the culture period of 2016. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity and ammonium concentration were measured. Depth of water transparency, the composition and frequency of plankton and macro benthos of the earth ponds were studied. Total length and weight of fish were measured to evaluate growth performance. In the earth ponds, the ranges of minimum and maximum of water temperature were 16.6-27.5°C and 20.5-31°C. The range of dissolved oxygen was 2.11-10.19mg/l in the morning and 7.06-14.64mg/l in the afternoon. PH was recorded 8.97-10.9 in the morning and 9.04-11.00 in the afternoon. The depth of the water transparency was 40- 105 cm. Water salinity was 7.94-8.82 ppt. The concentration of NH4+ changed from less than 0.05 to 0.4 mg/l. The frequency of phytoplankton and zooplankton was 2050-2848 and 269-101 per liter, respectively. The dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton were chlorophytes, diatoms and rotifers. The abundance of macrobenthos was 3467-558/m 2 and the dominant group were chironomids. Pearson 2-tailed correlation between the amounts of factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, NH4+ , length and weight of farmed fish in earth ponds showed a direct significant correlation between pH value against ammonium concentration, and total length against body weight of the fish, also between pH against water temperature and total length of the fish. There was a reversed significant correlation between the dissolved oxygen against water temperature and pH (p 〈0.05). In indoor tanks, the range of water temperature was 29-24°C, dissolved oxygen 1.65-8.38mg/l, pH 9.37-7.25, water salinity 7.12-7.7ppt, and ammonium 0.16-0.5 mg/l. Pearson 2-tailed correlation between the amounts of factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and ammonium with length and weight of fish in ponds showed a direct significant correlation between the length and weight of the fish body with each other, the amount of salinity against pH, salinity against total length and body weight. Also, there was a reversed significant correlation between the amount of dissolved oxygen against water temperature, pH and the total length of the fish.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This research was carried out to determined water reuse effects on growth indices of rainbow trout. For this reason 4 groups includes: control (with use of 100% fresh water), Test 1(rearing with use of 30% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 10% fresh water), Test 2(using of 10% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 30% fresh water), Test 3(using of 100% recycled water) was done. Fish stock of each groups were done with 62 fish in each square meter and average weight (15±1.5).The Growth index, SGR,CF, FCR, SR between different groups in each month was calculated and determined. In this research comparison the average of month growth increasment between different groups indicated that significant decrease of growth in test groups with control group and also 1 and 2 groups with 3 group (p 〈 0.05). There were not considerable differences to comparison this factor between groups 1 and 2(p 〉 0.05). To comparison FCR, SR, MR has shown a significant difference between different groups to each other (p 〈 0.05). These results shows that with increasing the replacement of water in rainbow trout culture ponds with recycled water cased significant decrease in SR and CF and significant increase in MR and finally decrease in production and density per unit area (p 〈 0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The Taham dam reservoir has been established in order to provide drinking water of Zanjan population as far as 15 km in a mountain region at 1900 meter altitude with a 317 ha surface area. This study was conducted on biotic and a biotic factors in order to recognize of aquaculture possibility within drinking considerations. The results showed the less abundance of phytoplankton with 2 million/l. where abundant of zooplankton was 266 /l. Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta belong to phytoplankton and Rotatoria belong to zooplankton were dominated among identified plankton phylum. There were identified 45 and 32 genus of phytoplankton and zooplankton respectively. There were identified 5 groups of benthos that Tubificidae, Hirudina had the most frequency, and the biomass of benthos was varied from 1.1 to 23.7 g /m2. The ichtiology survey showed presence of 6 species in the lake that Alburnoides bipunctatus, Capoeta capoeta, , Leuciscus cephalus were the most abundance in the catch. L. cephalus was recorded with the maximum size of 870 g while the most frequent weight class was 150 450 g for C. capoeta,, L. cephalus . Diet survey showed the adequate feeding of fishes in lake also the observation of leech in trout guts was very considerable. The reproduction study displayed that a partial of matured fishes were succeed in breeding. Leuciscus cephalus have been known as a typical species with commercial size and high abundance which will be needed a fisheries management in Taham Lake to sustainable exploitation. The hidrochemical results indicated low nutrients values while total nitrogen was varied from 0.32 to 0.61 mg/l. and the Chl-a was varied from 7.9 to 25.9 μg/l.. The oxygen amount was 4.5 to 8.4 mg/l even in 65 meter depths. Total hardness average was about 149 mg/l where the Ca and Mn were measured in a low values. Trophic model in Taham lake showed the early stage of mesotrophy while other lakes and wetlands in north of Iran had been progressed in mesotrophic level.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In this study which was carried out in khoozestan province, 1100 pieces of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and Big head (Arysthychthys nobilis) from different parts of the province were examined. From each part, 10% of the fish farms were sampled according to the fish density at each farm. parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract were studied on 600 pieces of silver carp (60% ) , 244 pieces of common carp (25%) , 51 pieces of Big head (5%) . only Grass carp was infested to protozoan and metazoan parasites . thirty percent of examined Grass carp of 2-730 gr weight were infested to Hexamita but infestation was more severe in Grass carp with 20-40 gr weight . macroscopic manifestation included : dysphagia , weakness , circulating movements, paling of gills , stomach inflammation , intestinal inflammation , ascitis and yellowish gut contents . in severe and intestinal necrosis along with hyperemia was apparent . the cestoda , bothriocephalus opsariichthydis ( Rudolphi , 1808 ) with an infestation rate of 35 % were only observed in Grass carp in 2-40 gr . Grass carp that showed severe infestation, intestinal blockade was observed with more than 100 parasites. The length of adult cestoda was 450-530 mm and its width was 5mm. in severe infestations, macroscopic manifestations included: ascitis, abdominal inflammation, swimming on water surface and emaciation . Histologic studies showed necrosis of intestinal wall, hemorrhage and localized necrosis . In fishes with severe infestations, inflammation was observed . Infestation with the nematode, capilaria was observed in 10% of 20-750 gr Grass carp . No macroscopic symptoms were identified in the samples , but microscopic examination showed acute necrosis along with hyperamia and submocusal hemorrhage . lymphocytes were also observed . Adult nematode had a width of 0.075 and a length of 7.5-8.5 mm.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This study has been carried out in waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf covering Nayband bay to Bahregansar between 26° 45 N to 30° 00 N and 49° 45 E to 52° 45 E, 15 main and 5 sub- stations, by R/V Ferdows 1 in winter 2004, summer 2004 and winter 2005. The physico - chemical parameters, nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), phyto, zooplanktons, sediments and macrobenthoses were collected from water layers and sea bottom, and then analysed. The parameters were compared and evaluated with the results of the previous work, conducted in the same area. Termocline, halocline, oxycline and picnocline layers were formed in summer. These clins disappeared due to water column mixing in winter. The values of temperature, conductivity and pH in summer were higher than those of in winter, while the salinity and density values of surface and subsurface layers in winter were higher than those of in summer. The temperature and conductivity have been decreased from surface to depth, from coastal rigions to offshore and from southern waters to northwern waters, while salinity, density and turbidity have been increased. The dissolved oxygen is decreased by increasing the values of temperature, salinity and depth and it is observed that D.O. has increased in correlation with chlorophyl a in mean and subsurface layers. The pH was rather decreased from surface to depth while turbidity was increased. Orthosilicate (Si_SiO44), nitrate (N_NO3 ), and nitrite (N_NO2 ) concentration have increased from surface to depth while orthophostate (P_PO43) decreased. Among the phytoplanktons, Dinophycea had most abundance in winter 2004 and Diatoms had most abundance, variety and distribution in summer 2004 and winter 2005. Among the zooplanktons, Copeopda had most abundance, variety and distribution. The intensity of phytoplanktons in summer was more than those in winter; it decreased from surface to depth and from coastal rigions to offshore, at first increased and then gradually decreases. Intensity of zooplanktons in summer was more than those in winter and decreased from surface layers to depth and from coastal waters to offshore. The abundance of benthoses in summer was more than that in winter while their biomass in winter was more than that in summer. The abundance decreased from southern to northwern waters, but the rate of decrease in biomass was more than that of abundance. The mainly texture of sediments was loamy or muddy and the grain size in southeastern and northwestern areas were coarser than those in middle area. Compared with the previous study, the trend of physico chemical, silicate, nitrate and nitrite were the same but in spite of the past, the values of pH in summer were more than those in winter and also phosphate concentration had been decreased frome surface layer to depth. The overall trends of phyto and zooplanktons densities are almost similar to previous observation, but cyanophyceae significantly decreased, in comparison with spring and summer abundance. It is also observed that the zooplanktons average density has been in reverse order compared to previous observations. Average concentration of phosphate in the entire region was seven times more than that of the former study and its maximum value has rised more than 26 times in the petroleum and gas industries areas. On the other hand, the abundance and diversity of phyto and zooplanktons and also the ratio of biomass to abundance of benthoses were decreased.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The project carried out at Shrimp Research station of Bandargah in 2011 to determine the production parameters such as; Average body weight, production, survival and feed conversion ratio in closed- recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture. This project was performed in 4 m3 fiberglass tanks. 3 tanks was chosen for the control and 3 were assigned to treatments. Considered Species in this treatment was white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that with a density of 60 pieces per square meter, and was reared for 90 days. culture in control as usual and change water regularly, but the treatments did not change water during the period of culture. Water in the treatment tanks was going to turn the filter system and waste was removed by mechanical and coal filter embedded in the route, and after filtering was transferred to the wastewater tank. Wastewater Was aerated in this tank and after 24 hours was pumped out and return to treatments tanks. In the final of project, mean weight, survival rate and production for control and treatment, was respectively, 18.27 ± 2.84 and 20.70 ± 1.47 g, 73.83 ± 4.14 and 77.17± 13.66 percent, and 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.97 ± 0.23 kg/m2. Statistical analysis results show that there are no significant differences found between treatments and control (P〉 0.05), although in all the above criteria, the relative improvement was achieved to compared of control. But the results of feed conversion ratio was 1.27 ± 0.16 for treatments that are significantly different (P 〈0.05) with controls (1.56 ± 0.23). This result showed that efficiency of the food was better in closed- recirculating shrimp culture system.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Increasing of biodiversity and reduction of production costs and alo increasing of shrimp production are the main elements of production security and continuation of aquaculture of shrimp in the country. The hypothesis of this study is made on the basis of aquaculture of pacific white legged prawn , litopenaeus vannamei, and that is economically better than Indian white prawn in bushehr area . This study was carried out with the objectives of determination of bionormatives of pacific white legget prawn and yield estimation per squar meter and has been compared with Indian white prawn. During 1384-85. In this study , the field operations were carried out after primary preparation and water enrichment with the juvenile prawn (pL 15) with 20 prawn per squar meter in the 3 ponds . During the study the phisico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, ocsysion, pH,two times per day , in the morning and evening and salinity , transpiration and depth water , only one time in a day were measured .The health of prawns and also sampling for the calculation of body weight were carried out in every 10 days . Feeding in the first month was randomly and after that was being continued based on the mean of the body weight. The results of this study have showed that the growth of this species is very fast so that during 90 days with the capacity of 20 prawns per squar , meter, it can be reached to 19.59 gr body weight with the growth rate of 0.217 gr . The mean of total production was 2737.5 kg per hectar with FCR=1 . During this study the salinity from 33 ppt to 54 ppt , water temperature from 24.3°c to 35.2°c , occsysion from 2.4 to 11.89 mg/l , pH from 7.83 to 9.01 , transparency from 35 cm to 90 cm and water depth from 100cm to 145 cm were measured and recorded . In the second year, the comparison of growth rate of white legged prawn and Indian white prawn was carried out in the four ponds. The results of this study showed that during 110 days. White legged prawns was reached to average of body weight 14.66 gr and Indian white shrimp, reached to 10.75 gr. The economical assessment showed that white legged prawn has an economical advantage around 2.59 times during 110 days with the capacity of 35 prawns per hectar.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project in partnership with Azerbaijan State Fisheries Department and the aim of increasing fish production hydrothermal (Carp fish) at unit area through providing scientific and practical method in applying air device and nutrition management, a field area of 8.5 hectares and in ponds with 3300 m2 at village Eylarzgy carried at Urmia city. After preparation of ponds, action to release fry density was 6000 ha piece. Percent including 55 percent of silver carp (as most fish), Common carp 31 percent, 8 percent Grass carp and 6 percent of Big head with average weights 67 to 92 grams respectively. For fertilizing ponds in addition to basic fertilizer, during development, organic fertilizers (cow) amount to 24 ton/ hectar (Aslary) once every two days and types of mineral fertilizers (chemical) rate of 1012.5 kg per in three days once were used.In addition to feeding carp fish with natural food, concentrates and food for feeing Grass carp fresh forage (alfalfa) was used. Oxygen supply required for ponds were provided with one to two air units (Air jet). Sampling and biometry of fish and water samples for water analysis and identification of plant zooplankton (of the family and genus) once every month until the end of the growing period was performed. Resulting data were analyzed with Excel statistical software. Results showed that the production rate in the studied ponds was 4.74 tons per hectare and production of 3.15 tons per hectare in year ago, the farm has 50.5 percent increase compared to year ago average production rate in the whole province (3.21 tons per hectare) of 47.7 percent and the average production rate in the country in 1385 (about 3.8 tons per hectare) 24.7 percent increase shows.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The object of this survey is to enhance maturation of Astacus leptodactylus by temperature modification in order to have juveniles in the starting period of crayfish culture and to reach an acceptable market size at the end of one period culture as well. The research initiated from 27 November 2000 and lasted on 21 November 2001 at safidrood shilati research station. Crayfish brooders were catched by funnel trap from arass reservoir on late November 2000 and transferred to safidrood shilati researchstation , hold on concret pond as long as to observe eggs. Enhancing of the time of maturation conducted on one treatment and four replicate with raising temperature of the medium to 18-20 ºc . Four replicate used for control under natural temperature which ranged between 13.3 to 20.4ºc with average 16.8ºc . The dissolve oxygen concentration varied from 5.12 to 9.46 mg/l while Phof water were between 7.25 to 8.10 on mide April 2001. Egg development were observed on treatment which were one month earlier than control. Each crayfish produced 5 miniator with average individual weight of 50mg. The jovial of both treatment and control rared for seven days. Fed by dafni , chapped kilka and rice brain . To evaluate the relative growth between control and treatment, two soil pond with surface area of 100 m2 were used for the culture. The duration of culture concerning to treatment was 210 dfays while for the control was 180 days.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Shrimp culture and rearing industry in particular white leg shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the major activities in the world, including Iran. The outbreaks of diseases are the main factors limiting production. Due to the adverse effects of abusing antibiotics and chemical disinfectants, disease control and prevention requires novel methods that are affordable, effective and safe for the environment and humans. For this purpose during the five months, sampling was done from three main sites of shrimp culture in Bushehr province and 150 pieces cultured white leg shrimp, 135 water and sediment samples were collected from the ponds, input and output channels by standard methods. Physicochemical parameters of water and biometry of shrimps were done and recorded. Probiotic isolation was performed by culturing samples in Tryptic soy agar and TCBS after incubation in 30º C for 24-48 h. The antimicrobial effects of culture extract of isolates were evaluated against V. harveyi with the well diffusion method and the best isolates were selected. The molecular identification of selected bacteria was performed by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis technique. The growth kinetics of selected bacteria and effect of environmental factors on antimicrobial compound production and stability of them in salinity (1.5-5.5%) and (0-50ppt), pH (5-9) and temperature (3040º C) and (35-100º C) were studied respectively. After the determination of antibiotic resistance profiles of them, the In vivo test on the L. vannamei post larvae was performed and effect of these bacteria on growth performance, prevention of vibriosis and water quality include (ammonia, nitrate nitrite, turbidity, total bacteria and Vibrionaceae load were examined. For extraction and identification of bioactive material with anti-bacterial properties produced by selected bacteria, dialysis, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass was performed. According to the results of this dissertation the most frequency of facultative aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria was seen in shrimp digestion tract (3.04 ± 0.75) ×105 CFU/g in September .Genus Vibrio spp. (37.88%) and Bacillus spp. (27.27%) had the most frequency respectively. Of the 198 bacterial isolates, two bacterial strains from the digestive tract and sediment which had the highest inhibition and a stability antagonistic effect on V. harveyi were selected. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis, they were identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 (GenBank: JN856456.1) and Bacillus vallismotis IS03 (GenBank: JQ085958.1) and recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). According to results of identifying bioactive material produced by selected bacteria, in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 did not have any band but Bacillus vallismotis IS03 had two band in 25 kDa and 34-45 kDa molecular weight which probably bacteriocin like substances and group III Bacillus bacteriocin respectively. UV spectra of selected bacteria were in the range (260-265nm) which related to peptide groups. In GC-MS the highest percent of chromatogram was belonged to pyrrolopyrazines in both of selected bacteria, which have antibacterial properties. Overall, according to results both of the selected bacteria were adapted to the ecological conditions of shrimp culture and could be used as appropriate probiotics in this industry. It is hoped that the results of this research is to produce a step towards the realization of national production of indigenous probiotic in Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective ( warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The objective of this study was to evaluate 4 levels of feeding defined as 1.ad libitum to satiation, 2.Standard feeding (based on fish size and water temperature), 3.10% less than that of standard feeding and 4.10% more than that of standard feeding on growth, feed conversion rate (FCR) and carcass quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in 12 aerated flow-through fiber glass tanks (2500l rearing volume, n=150 fish per tank, body weight average 45 g) comprised of 3 replicates under the condition of brackish water (salinity 8.4 g/l) in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station in center of Iran. The increase in average body weight (BW) and size of fish in different feeding groups was significantly different (P〈0.01) during the experiment (101 days) and the highest average BW and size increase occurred in the group fed ad libitum to satiation. On the contrary, FCR (average±SE: 1.27±0.09) in this group was statistically lower than that of the other groups (P〈0.01). The chemical composition of carcass was significantly influenced by the level of feeding (P〈0.01) and the percent of moisture, crude protein and ash was the lowest in the group fed ad libitum to satiation while the crude fat percent in this group was the highest of all. According to the results obtained in this study, an ad libitum feeding regime is suggested for rainbow trout production in fish culture systems of central desert regions in Iran under the condition of brackish water. However, further investigations are needed to draw firm conclusions, especially in earth pond cultures with different conditions, enriched in live food.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to "An investigation designing a suitable plan for sholam research warm water fish ponds and culture and hatchery", survying some of refrences and scientific papers were done. As a result the infrastructures of that plan were determined, and the diagram for relation between structures was designed. Finally according to the diagram,three plans were distincted, and some of them with desire advantage was selected.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to limnological study of Bukan Dam reservoir, sampling was performed monthly from determined sampling sites from April 2013 to March 2014. Sampling was conducted in reservoir lake by a PVC pipe with 2.25 m length and 5 cm diameter by columnar method. Besides, in more dipper (〉5 m) sites, sampling conducted from bottom to surface with 1-m intervals (layer sampling) by a 2-liter Ruttner type sampler. In rivers due to water flow sampling was conducted by a scaled measure. Phytoplankton sampling was performed by 1-liter bottles. Zooplankton was sampled by filtering of 30 L through 55- micron plankton net. These samples were then transferred into bottles and sampling date and the name of station were attached on the bottles. Then, the samples were fixed immediately and transported to laboratory. It should be mentioned some physical parameters were determined in situ. Also, a 2-liter and another 1-liter water were collected to determine chlorophyll a and chemical factors respectively. Samples were preserved in dark and cold place for a week. The upper layers (without phytoplankton) were removed and the lower layer (with phytoplankton) was sampled into 5-ml chambers. The enumeration and identification was performed by a Nikon TS100 inverted microscope with ×400 (Phytoplankton) and ×200 (Zooplankton) magnification according to Utermohl (1958) method. About 50 fields were enumerated for each sample. The comparison of physicochemical and biological factors with standard criterion indicated that the presence of a fertile plain, agricultural growth, drought and higher water demand in recent years, as well as, higher population density, the Saghez city which is the main source of pollution in Bukan dam reservoir has caused that Bukan dam is in the transit state from mesotrophy to eutrophy. The results of the present study suggested that higher trophy in Bukan dam reservoir together with algal high density has negatively affected the Fish life and has reduced the stock in the lake. However, complementary studies should be performed prior to releasing. In this way the problems of other ecosystems should be prevented.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: During the year 1998 1999 Mako and Mabhabad reservoirs were surveyed by Fisheries Research Center of Guilan province Mahabad Resevoir located at 36 47 N ( Lat ) and 45 , 43 E ( Long ) in western It has an average area of 700 hectares and is mesotroph- that Azarbiajan province chracterized by depletion of oxygen in the bottom during warm months In phytoplankton , Chrysophyta and in zooplankton Rotifera were dominance . There is low diversity of benthic animals in this reservoir and Oligocheata and Chironomidae are two benthic forms that comprise the most populations The fishes of this water body can be categorized in two groups : endemic and exotic . Ichthyofauna of the reservoir and its catchment area comprise 9 endemic species and subspecies and 9 exotic species and subspecies that located in 4 family , Cyprinidae , Balitoridea Siluridea and Poeciiiidae In the reservoir and its inlets and outlets , Cyprinidae is salient component of the ichthyofauna by a figure of 83.3 % . The fishes of this reservoir are ail kind of food zooplanktoniphagous level consumers such as phytoplanktoniphagous benthophagous and picsivorous Parasitic diseases are highly incident among the fishes of this water body and it can be said that fishes of the reservoir are widely infected by the parasitic diseases . The most important waterfowls and seashore birds are that migrate to the reservoir for wintering . The most commercially endemic fish species are Sia mahi ( Capoeta capoeta ) dace ( Leuciscus cepha/us ) and catfish ( Si/urus g/anis ) and commercially exotic species are common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) Silver carp ( Hypophtha/michthys molitrix ) and Big head (Hypophtha/michthys The annual catch of endemic and exotic species in 1998 were 124 and nobi/is ) Stock estimation showed over exploitation and 111.9 tonnes respectively underexploitation for exotic ( big head and silver carp ) and endemic ( dace and sia mahi ) fish species respectively . Estimation revealed that this reservoir annually can produce 14323 tonnes of silver carp big head and common carp and for achiveing this figuer anoually 394000 fingerlings of mentioned species should be released in this Mako reservoir which is situatd on Zang Mar river was built in 1995 It is 12 Km to Mako city with the geographical identification of 39 11 N ( Lat ) and 49 29 E ( Long ) It is a earth kind reservoir that has a maximum depth of 77 m . The length of the barrier is 210 m and the upper and lower wide of the barrier are 10 and 350 m respectively Three river entred to the reservoir are Ghezet Chay , Emam Gholi and Dibak .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Esfahan province is located in center of Iran at 51° 31 ' E and 33° 29 ' N with area near 15745 Km^2 that consists of 9 percent of the country. According to cilianinof scale it enjoys an arid climate. The mean annual precipitation is equal to 135 mm. Average annual temperature is 16.8 °C and mean annual evaporation is 2435 mm in Gavkhoni catchment's area. It has several drainages channels such as north and south rodashtain, segzi drainage, main drainage of water supply organization channel, fender drainage, main drainage, Marchi class II drainage and other drainage channels. Their waterdebi volume is equal to 900l/s. Also, their water can not use for agriculture, drinking and industrial purposes due to high salinity. This study was concluded to optimal use of these water resources aiming at possibilities of culture and propagation of Artemia from Urmia Lake. In this study, physicochemical factors analysis of water, the climate profile, and fauna and flora of the region were identified and determined. In rodashtain region drainages, 2 sites in varzaneh and Sian drainages from gavkhoni wetland limitation were chosen and studied. Water samples in 50-100 liter volumes were taken from their run off waters with 3 replicates. Artemia cysts were hatched under standard laboratory condition according to Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996). Cyst hatching was carried out in 1.5 liter conical zooks. 2 g of Artemia cyst per one liter of drainage water was added to each treatment together with one evidence. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency were determined. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency after 76 hours were equal to 55 ± 10 percent and 92000 ± 1200 Nauplii /g cyst in the evidence with tap water and 27±5 % and 31000±1000 in varzaneh drainage water and 13±5 % and 11000±1000 in Sian drainage waters, respectively. Then , all hatched nauplii were cultured in 3 aquarium containing each 100 liters together with one evidence with 3 replicates containing 50 liters in each aquarium in laboratory . Nauplii were fed using a suspension with rice bran, Dunaliella and Naunochlorepsis with density of 2 ×10^ 6 cell/ml. The growth of Artemia Nauplii was slow at the first week of culture and then continued with suitable norm and lower mortality until maturation. The mean size of Nauplii length reached to 9 mm after 2 weeks. Their fecundity was 50 cyst per female. The drainage waters of studied sites can be used as a suitable water source at semi- industrial Artemia production pilot in the region.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station located between 48°to° 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used for statistical methods. Physico-chemical factors: The results showed that the changes of physico-chemical factors, includes: water temperature, salinity, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium) are most important than other factors. The lowest sea surface water temperature was recorded in winter (7.2 oC) and highest in summer (29.8 oC) (p〈0.05). However, there was not significant difference at 50 and 100m depths in different seasons (p〉0.05). The lowest salinity was recorded in winter (10.42±0.14ppt) (p〈0.05) and the rest of the seasons, there was not significant difference (p〉0.05). The most inorganic nitrogen was determined (ammonium ion: 40.8±2 µg.l-1) in winter and the highest organic nitrogen (660.6±92 µg.l-1) in summer (p〈0.05). The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was evident from the surface layer to a depth of 100 meters (p〈0.05), but this trend was not observed in inorganic nitrogen (p〉0.05).The maximum concentrations of total nitrogen were measured at the near-shore stations (640.6±28 µg.l-1). The annual average water transparency was 4.91±0.24 m and increased in away from the beach (p〈0.05). Phytoplankton: in total, 191 species of phytoplankton were identified. The phylum of phytoplankton include: Bacillariophyta with 97 species (50.8%), Chlorophyta with 28 species (14.7%), Pyrrophyta with 26 species (13.6%), Cyanophyta with 25 species (13.1%) and Euglenophyta with 15 species (7.9%). Bacillariophyta and Euglenaphyta were had the most (51.49%) and the lowest (0.39%) abundance respectively. Nevertheless, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta were having the most (53.14%) and the lowest (0.54%) biomass respectively. Mean abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the photic and the aphotic layers were a significant difference (p〈0.05). The average abundance and biomass decreased with increasing depth (p〈0.05). The most abundant and biomass phytoplankton was determined in the photic layer. Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the different seasons have been significant differences (p〈0.05).The most abundance of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively (p〈0.05) and the most biomass of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively (p〈0.05). Zooplankton: Also, 14 species of zooplankton include: 2 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera, 2 species of newborn and larvae of Balanus and larvae of Bivalvia from meroplankton group were identified. However, the dominant zooplankton population was divided into three groups of copepoda, Rotatoria and meroplankton. Mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons and layers showed significant different (p〈0.05). The most abundance and biomass of them in winter and the photic layer was determined. The mean abundance of Rotifera, Cladocera and protozoa in different depth was having not significant differences (p〉0.05). However, there was significantly in other groups (p〈0.05). The most abundance of them was in photic layer. Ctenophore: Average abundance and biomass of Mnemiopsis leidyiwere recorded 63±7 ind.m-3 and 7.70±2.34 g.m-3, respectively. The maximum seasonal average of abundance was 150 ± 17 ind.m-3 while the maximum biomass was 26.59± 4.61 g.m-3 in summer (p〈0.05). The lowest seasonal average of M. leidyi abundance and biomass were in the winter (6±2 ind.m-3 and 0.07±0.02 g.m-3, respectively) (p〈0.05).The average annual abundance and biomass of ctenophore were not significant difference in the 8 transects (p〉0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were belonged to the depth of low than 20m (p〈0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were recorded in the 5m depth of Anzali with 639 ind.m-3 and 158 g.m-3, respectively. Results of biological and non-biological factors showed that significant changes between euphotic and aphotic layers (p〈0.05).There were the most seasonal changes in the euphotic layer. The results showed that the presence of ctenophore is highly related to the presence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton and some non-biological factors. The water temperature is a limiting factor in the ctenophore Fluctuation at the winter, because of food presence (phytoplankton, zooplankton and Nutrients), M. leidyi have had the lowest abundance. Macrobenthos: Three phyla of macrobenthos (arthropoda, annelida and mollusca) include: 5 classes (crustacea, insecta, polycheata, oligocheata and bivalvia), 8 orders, 11 families, 26 genera and 24 species were identified. The most abundance and biomass of orders in the different seasons were belonged to polycheata (annual average: 2452±258 g.m-2) and bivalvia (annual average: 25±6 g.m-2), respectively. Macrobenthic abundance in all orders except insecta and oligocheata in different seasons was significant difference. The amount of seabed total organic mater (TOM) from the 5m to 100m stations was with an increasing trend and the highest percentage had in the 50m and 100m stations (P〈0.05). The percentage of seabed TOM was not significant difference in the different transect (P〈0.05). However, seabed grain size had significant difference (P〈0.05) and seabed grain size from the 5m to 100m stations was with a decrease trend in the size (P〈0.05). Macrobenthos and physicochemical parameters of correlation matrix showed that macrobenthos abundance in the between parameters have a positive correlation with TOM. However, it biomass with pH (positive), inorganic phosphorus (positive) and organic phosphorus (negative) have a correlation. Heavy metals: The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrud and Anzali and Ni at transects Sefidrud and Astara in comparison with six other transects (P〈0.05). Petroleum compounds (16PAHs): Concentration levels changes of petroleum compounds in seawater in different seasons was significant (P〈0.05) and in seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter was 56.5, 9.3, 14.9 and 19.3 of percent respectively. However, the concentration values in sediments of the sea in different seasons and transects were not significant difference. Maximum concentrations in summer and in Astara transects (8.02 mg.kg-1) were determined. In correlation matrix, observed positive correlation between petroleum compounds and Cr, Ni and Pb in sediments of seabed and between petroleum compounds and Zn in seawater. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): The OCPs concentration of seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05). The pesticides groups of DDT, BHC, Drin and Endosulfan in seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05), but, it was not found in Heptachlor group (p〉0.05). The maximum concentration values of OCPs in all groups in seawater were determined in winter (99%) (p〈0.05). The seawater OCPs concentration in comparison of regional and stations were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). The only DDT group in the seabed sediment had significant difference in different seasons (P〈0.05) and the maximum of seasonal average, it was determined in summer (Average: 0.88±062 mg.Kg-1 and Max: 4.5 mg.Kg1). However, in comparison of regional were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). In correlation matrix, the groups of Endosolfan and Drins in seawater and sediment were had equal variance and the changes were included. There was high correlation of between Endosulfan and Drin with DDT group in seawater and with Heptachlor group in the sediment of seabed. Surfactant: Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) between different seasons had significant difference (P〈0.05). The maximum concentrations of LAS were in spring and summer (Anzali transect) was 0.084 mg.l-1 and 0.082 mg.l-1, respectively. Also, average concentrations in the spring: 0.06±0.003 mg.l-1, summer: 0.059±0.004 mg.l-1, winter: 0.042±0.003 mg.l-1 and fall: 0.031 ± 0.013 mg.l-1 was determined. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the study area and station (p〉0.05). Based on existing standards, Surfactant concentration in the southern Caspian Sea region was not critical.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This research was conducted to finding of Cheshmeh-Ali and Shahcheraghi-Dam downstream areas potential for developing of aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted based on available information and data from monthly and seasonally sampling including geographical area, margin lands and fluctuations of river water, seasonal climatic changes view point of rainfall, temperature, wet, evaporation, wind velocity, sunshine hours, frost and also chemical and physical parameters of water including temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic phosphorous and nitrogen, suspended solids, turbidity, water flow and flood conditions, and in addition phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, macrobenthic invertebrates, fishes, aquatic plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds. Results showed that the upstream and downstream regions of Shahcheraghi dam are not suitable for warm water aquaculture in earthen ponds. But view point of cold-water aquaculture, particularly trout, there are some good situations. Also it can be suggested different culture systems including of race way, octagonal concrete ponds, semi-circulation and circulation methods. But, due to water restrictions in the area, semi-circulation and circulation system is preferred. In ideal conditions can be produced about 1,600 tones of trout, if all the capacity of this area be used for aquaculture. Otherwise, in limited circumstances view point of exploitation possibility of the water, only about 700 tons can be produced. In addition, there were appropriate facilities in spring area of Cheshmehali for tourism industry, that it can be considered as priorities for economic development in the region. Due to the low sensitivity of the ecologically conditions, native or exotic aquatic species rearing in indoor methods can be recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Iranian Cichlid is an invaluable ornamental species which is domesticated in Iran and called Iranocichla hormuzensis scientifically, is living in the Hormoz zone, Shahou River (between Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad). The first phase of the research project started in September of 2012 and lasted about 18 months, focused on adapting the wild cichlids to cope with the aquarium environment. Therefore, about 63 male and female of Iranian cichlids collected from the natural habitat, Shahou River, then moved to the nearest city, Bandar Abbas to and released in aquariums which were filled by water of River where they were living. After few days they moved to “innovative aquaculture technologies research station” and reared in 100 liter glass tanks to monitor their behaviors. By initial days, the Cichlids seemed to be stressed out significantly, they were flashing, hitting them to the aquarium, trying to jump out and get discolored due to strange environment. By days, the stressful treats decreased and the experiments coped with the new environment. At the next step, schools of 5-7 fish organized to pear up. The mortality rate collected daily and accidental biometry recorded fortnightly. The rearing temperature adjusted and was stable at 37˚C. Finally, the Cichlids were completely adopted and prepared for mating and breeding.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids ) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant ( p 〈 0.05 ) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Anzali wetland at south west of Caspian located along of North West and southeast and with its unique feature were add on the Ramsar convention list in 1975. There were recorded a high rich of fauna and flora including 276 plant species, 23 reptiles and amphibians, 60 fishes, 26 mammals and 195 birds. Anzali wetland were encountered with numerous disorder with the eutrophication and the early dismissing. The first studies on Anzali wetland started by many international institutions in 1964. In this study the data of biotic and abiotic factors in Anzali wetland analyzed which belongs to different sites (15 to 38 stations) during 1991 to 2000 and were sampled seasonally or monthly in different years. The results showed the increasing trend of phytoplankton abundance from 7.9 to 66 million C./l. and the western part had the most abundant. The Cyanophyta had the most development than other 7 phylum observed in the area. In Anzali wetland identified 143 phytoplankton genus that 9 genus dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 7 genus had the abundance of more than 5 million cell/l. The Zooplankton abundant increased from 580 to 2200 ind./l. The Rotatoria had the most abundant followed by Copepoda. There was identified 104 zooplankton genus that 5 genus were dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 11 genus had the abundance of more than 30 ind./L. The chlorophyll a varied from 8.8 to 50.2 μg/l. and had a increasing trend after 1996, meanwhile it was measured higher than 25 μg/l in most of the stations. The results of benthic study showed that the Chironomidae and Tubificidae were observed more than other organisms which comprised 12.2 to 23.5% of total biomass of benthic organisms in studied period. The range of biomass was 1.1 to 7.8 g/m2. The ichthyologic survey showed presence of 60 species that 11 species were exotic. 28 species belong to freshwater, 17 species were anadromous and 8 species were resident in estuary. The highest and lowest fish catch were 640 and 288 ton in 1994 and 1999 respectively and it was about 500 ton at the end of period. The hydrochemical factors had the various fluctuation so that the nutrients parameters had a significant difference over studied period. Total nitrogen was varied from 0.78 to 1.41 mg/l and total phosphorus varied from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/l.. The oxygen dissolved amount was from 4.6 to 8.7. EC was between 3 to 5 ms/cm during September and October that indicated of Caspian water projection. According to geographic position of station, all biotic and abiotic data, were arranged. The data bank is used by Idrisi software to produce of necessary maps. Analysis of data showed that there must be a responsible department with a vast authority. Conservation and eutrophication prevention of Anzali wetland connect to special attention to catchment area and landuse management of the wetland. Also there is an urgent need for well-developed technologies and managements to reduce the organic pollution and its environmental impacts on the Anzali Lagoon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted at the Applied Research Station for Sturgeon Culture (Chaboksar site) and was supported by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization in order to obtain the bio technique for Huso huso culture in brackish water from the Caspian Sea. The effects of stocking density and water flow at the inlet of brackish water was studied for a period of 4 years using 4 weight classes and the results obtained were compared with those obtained from the culture of H. huso in freshwater. Huso huso in four weight classes of 3-20 g, 20-200 g, 325-1000 g and 1000-3000 g were stocked at stocking densities between 350 g to 15 kg m-2. The effect of water flow in rearing tanks was studied in weight classes 30- 2700 g. In the weight class 3-20 g, highest growth was recorded in H. huso stocked at 1000 g m-2 in brackish water which was significantly higher (P〈0.5) than that recorded in freshwater suggesting the advantage of rearing H. huso in brackish water at improved density of 1000 g m-2. Results obtained from total length in juvenile H. husoconform to these results. It may therefore be concluded that in the weight class 3-20 g, stocking density of 1000 g m-2 is not a limiting factor on growth in juvenile H. huso. Low specific growth rate (SGR) was reported with a stocking density of 1500 g m-2 in freshwater which was not significantly different from that in brackish water. Hence rearing juvenile H. huso in brackish water at high densities (1500 g m-2) is preferred to rearing in freshwater as H. huso is more capable of adapting to stressful conditions of stocking density in brackish water. Similar trends were observed for percentage body weight increase (BWI%) showing the advantage of using a stocking density of 1000 g m-2 in brackish water. Production in different groups showed variations depending on stocking density biomass. Condition factor was low when H. huso was reared in freshwater at a stocking density of 1500 g m-2. Similarly CVw was low in the experimental group reared at a density of 500 g m-2 in brackish water, while CVtl in the group reared at 1500 g m-2 in brackish water was low. The calculated value for CVw/tl was low with stocking density of 500 g m-2 in brackish water and freshwater. Final body weight and growth indices in the 20-200 g weight class in the experimental group using 1000 g m-2 in brackish water were higher than that in freshwater. Similarly growth indices and final body weight of juvenile H. huso at 2000 and 1500 g m-2 stocking densities were higher than the values obtained with similar stocking densities in freshwater. SGR and growth rate (GR) of H. huso at stocking density of 1500 g m-2 was significantly higher in brackish water than that in freshwater. Comparison of results obtained from weight and total length in weight classes 325-560 g showed that until they reach a weight of 560 g, stocking density of 1.3 kg m-2 in brackish water is preferred to the densities 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 kg m-2. Comparison of results indicate that in the weight class 325-560 g, better results are obtained when juvenile H. huso are reared in brackish water at densities of 1.3, 2.6 and 3.9 kg m-2 as compared to that obtained from the use similar densities in freshwater. Statistical analysis of SGR indicates that stocking densities up to 2.6 kg m-2 do not limit growth. Also it was also evident from the analyses of SGR and FCR that stocking density of 5.2 kg m-2 is not considered suitable for juvenile H. huso in the weight class 325-560 g. On the basis of results obtained for SGR, GR and FCR it maybe concluded that up to the 760 g weight class, stocking densities of 1.3 and 2.6 kg m-2 were statistically better than other densities studied. Moreover rearing juvenile H. huso at these stocking densities in brackish water also proved better than that in freshwater. In the weight class 650-1000 g, stocking fish at densities of 2.6 -10 kg m-2 in brackish water did not seem to affect final body weight, total length and SGR. At stocking densities 5.1 and 7 kg m-2, GR for juvenile H. huso in brackish water were significantly higher than that obtained in freshwater using the same stocking densities. Similarly FCR and FE values obtained for juvenile H. huso in this weight class in brackish water were significantly better (P〈0.05) than those obtained in freshwater. SGR values obtained at stocking densities 7 and 10 kg m-2 support these findings. Based on body weight, total length and GR values it may be concluded that stocking density of 10 kg m-2 does not restrict growth in juvenile H. huso until they reach a body weight of 1000 g. Similarly a stocking density of 7.5 kg m-2 does not limit growth in juvenile H. huso until they reached a body weight of 1150 g and stocking densities of 5.1 kg m-2 and 2.6 kg m-2 do not limit growth in juvenile H. huso until they reach body weights of 1300 and 1500 g, respectively. Rearing H. huso in these weight classes at different stocking densities of 10, 7.5 and 5.1 kg m-2 in brackish water was significantly better than rearing them in freshwater. Also based on feeding indices (FCR, FE, SGR and GR) in these weight classes, stocking densities of 2.6 and 5.1 kg m-2 in brackish water were significantly more suitable than other stocking densities studied in the same culture medium. Results obtained from rearing juvenile H. huso at stocking densities of 2.6, 5.1 and 7.5 kg m-2 in brackish water was significantly better than that obtained in freshwater at the same stocking densities. Based on growth (SGR, BWI) and feeding (FE) indices in the weight class 900-3000 g it is evident that experimental group 5 (with stocking density of 10 kg m-2 , water flow of 3 L sec-1) was significantly better (P〈0.05) than all other groups studied. It may also be concluded from the results obtained by studying stocking densities and water flow that stocking density of 10 kg m-2 used for rearing juvenile H. huso in the weight class 900 g until they reach a weight of 3000 g is not a limiting factor on their growth. It was also observed that juvenile H. huso are highly capable of adapting to their environment. The one-way water supply and daily water exchange with different water flow rates ranging from 1 to 6 L sec-1 yielded similar results. It was clearly evident that a water flow rate of 0.5 L sec-1 in brackish water and freshwater resulted in significantly lower growth in juvenile H. huso. Highest growth was reported in brackish water with a flow rate of 1.5 and 3 L sec-1. In freshwater, highest growth was recorded with flow rates of 3 L sec-1. Higher water flow rates improved growth indices in H. huso. Improved condition factor and variable coefficients of weight and total length were observed in experimental groups in brackish water and freshwater, except in the experimental group with a flow rate of 0.5 L sec-1 in freshwater. In the weight class 530-2000 g, water flow rate of 3 L sec-1 produced higher final weight in juvenile H. huso in freshwater as compared to that in brackish water. Similar results were obtained in freshwater and brackish waterwith water flow rate of 1.5 L sec-1. Data on carcass composition of farmed H. huso indicated no significant effect of freshwater and brackish wateron protein and lipid levels. In both rearing media, diets were formulated to meet the dietary requirements of H.huso and hence carcass composition conformed to the quality of diets.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Shrimp culture in Chabahar in the Sistan and Belochestan province is one of the most important potential for development. From 1386 the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) observed and collapsed all activity in this area. This virus hugged mortality in the world and in Iran from 1381 in Abadan area this disease induced high mortality in shrimp culture. Different methods applied for prevention WSSV in the world and the main methods consist of used specific pathogen free post larvae, immune stimulant, biosecurity and vaccine. Biosecurity is the best method for prevention the WSSV disease and include different part such as used crab fence, low stocking density, used best quality PL, aeration in the pond and sanitation all equipment and farm. Temperatures play an important role in outbreak of disease. Because in Chabahar area the culture time is in the monsoon season and changing the temperature in this season is trigger factor for WSSV outbreak. In this research study we recommended the season’s culture changing from August to March for prevention the temperature variation in this area and applied biosecurity for control the WSSV outbreak.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Limnological factors of brackish water pounds of the rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss were studied at Bafgh region in Yazd province. Physicochemical factors, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic populations of pools, supply and drainage channels from different farms were studied in aquaculture cycle in 2002 and 2003. Means were compared using Tukey HSD and t tests. Meanings of factors in 2002 and 2003 were respectively: and 9.3 0.2ppt; dissolved oxygen 7.9 0.2mg/l water temperature 13.8 0.3°c and 14.9 0.6°c; salinity 12.3 0.2ppt and 7.2 0.1mg/l; pH between 7.8 to 9.2 and 8.1 to 9.5; depth of hyalinity 0.85 0.1m and 1.1 0.1m; ammonium 0.1-0.5mg/l; and nitrate 1.8-21mg/l. Main phytoplankton were diatoms specially Chaetoceros, and Cyanophyta. Rotifera were the dominant zooplankton. Benthic fauna mainly included immature Chironomids. Final mean lengths were between 24.7cm to 31.5cm, mean weights between 11179.9gr to 434.6gr. FCR between 1.16 to 1.6; DGR between 1.04gr/day to 3.03gr/day; production 0.03kg/m2 to 0.84 kg/m2. Supply channels had the optimum limnological condition for trout aquaculture. Limnological factors were often not significantly different between pools and drainage channels. Saeeid and Rangin-Kaman farms were the most successful farms.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Intensive culture of rainbow trout, usually done using several different methods.The objective of this study was to compare fish performance and welfare in a new design of Foster-lucas ponds (FLP) and a raceway ponds (RP) under field conditions. Currennt study was designed in two treatment with three repeats. Each pond was randomly stocked by rainbow trout fish with initial average weight of approximately 51±5 g. Stocking density was 120n/m3 during study. After 10 months of trial, fish fed diets with comertial diet (Chineh Company). Feeding operation conducted according to the manuals by consideration of water temprature, fish waight and biomas. During the 10 months experiment, the fish survival rate was high (97.39 and 98.05%). No significant differences in growth parametres were observed between RP and FLP, but in all parametres FLP was higher than RP Final weight was 0.99% higher in FLP than in RP. Water quality factors (Dissolved oxygen, PH) was better in FLP. The results confirm that when water quality is maintained in safe level ranges, growth rate of rainbow trout attained in FLS are comparable to those in RP.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Annually, many data of hydrology and hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea at Iran's coasts were collected by Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology. The data which had been collected by researchers submitted annually in several reports but has not been processed all at once. Fluctuations of various parameters were surveyed and the relationships between them were analyzed. The main goal of this research is to analysis the data were obtained from 1994 to 2006 and show changes the concentration of various parameters in the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical data indicated that the average trend of transparency and salinity was decreased from 1994 to 2006 annually, where the salinity value was decreased from 12.37 ppt (part per thousand) to 11.5 ppt. The average of dissolved oxygen was increased from 6.4 to 8.6mg/l. pH has slightly fluctuated from 8.15 to 8.31. However, with increasing depth from surface to bottom, the average of dissolved oxygen was sharply decreased (DO concentration in surface and 800 m was 7.18 and 1.45 mg/l, respectively). The trend of salinity and pH fluctuation was very slow with depth but the salinity has an increasing with incrementing of depth but pH has a decreased trend. The average of organic and inorganic phosphorus and TP was nearly increased. The average of Nitrate and Silica sharply increased comparing to depth but the average of Nitrite and organic Nitrogen decreased. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation in different water layers was low in winter but the dramatic decreasing of temperature was occurred at 10-20 m (in spring), 20-50 m (in winter) and 50-100 m (in autumn). With increasing of depth (Slope of the Sea), transparency and salinity values have an increasing while DO and pH showed decreased. As a whole, 335 species of phytoplankton were identified, there are 70 species in advance as these species were not seen in this period but 96 of novel's species have been recorded. The lowest and the most of phytoplankton biomass was recorded in 2006 and 2001 while the biomass was 59 and 1034 mg/m3, respectively. Albet, the lowest biomass was recorded at the depth of 100 m (24.1 mg/m3) but the maximum was observed in surface layer (1344.1 mg/m3). The average of phytoplankton biomass was increased after arrival of the ctenophore. There was a significant difference between the average of biomass in different seasons before and after of the ctenophore invasion (P〈0.001). Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta have the most cell abundance with a total of biomass of 52.7 and 37, respectively. From 1994 to 2006, species diversity (Shanon-Niner), evenness and richness were estimated between 3.02-1.29, 0.28-0.61 and 4.32-7.60, respectively. A total of 65 zooplankton species were identified with a frequent species in the Caspian Sea before the ctenophore invasion, while the species diversity decreased after the invasion. The high and the lowest of species diversity was recorded in 1994-1995 and 2006 and in 1999 the biomass of the zooplankton were observed between 12.6 mg/l and 363.8 mg/l, respectively. After arrival of ctenophore, the averages of zooplankton biomass at of the different depths were sharply decreased and were less than the ctenophore invasion. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the average of zooplankton biomass in two periods, seasons and west, middle and east regions as follows: P〈0.001, P〈0.008 and P〈0.01. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton belonged to copepoda with %51.5 and %63, respectively. Rotatoria falls in the second class from 1994 to 2006 (during 1994-2006), species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between 0.19-1.6, 0.08-0.52 and 0.37-2.29, respectively. The species diversity of macrobenthic organisms at the same period s followd by zooplankton changes which sharply decreased. The average of benthic biomass reduced from 13.7 g/m2 in 1994-1995 to 1.8 g/m2 in 2004 but sharply increased in 2005 with a maximum value of 46.7 g/m2. With increasing of depth, the average of benthic biomass was sharply decreased. There was a significant difference (P〈0.001) in macrobethic organisms abundance before and after the ctenophore invasion, but it did not show a significant difference between seasons and different regions (as follows: P〉0.137, P〉0.782). Before the presence of ctenophore, the worms had been constituted a dominate group with a approximately %45 of total abundance and also %20 of their biomass. After this period, their frequency was sharply increased (more than %85) but the maximum value pertains to Cardidae (more than %90). The species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between .69-2.51, 0.23-0.63 and .011-3.79, respectively. AMBI software, Shanon-Viner parameter was moderate in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but this parameter was reduced in a bad limit (boundary) in the most seasons from 2002 to 2005. The main parameter of M-AMBI consists of several parameters and also approximately showed similar changes such as Shanon -viner parameter. On basis of this parameter, the ecological quality condition of Caspian Sea was superior limit in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but after the following years were decreased from good to moderate limits (After the presence of ctenophore). Relationship between abiotic variants and phytoplankton indicated that there was a direct relationship between transparency and salinity while there was a powerful and reversal significant relationship between transparency water temperature, transparency in organic Nitrate, phytoplankton number and transparency phytoplankton biomass. The comparison between different variants average in two periods (before and after the ctenophore invasion) indicated that the average of Kilka catch was decreased, the relative frequency of clupeonella engrauliformis and clupenoella grimmi was sharply reduced but the relative frequency of Clupeonella cultriventris was sharply increased, the species diversity, evenness and richness and the number of zooplankton species were sharply decreased, the average of biomass and transparency was sharply reduced, the average of dissolved oxygen and liza saliens or liza auratus catch were increased. These difference were often significant (P〈0.05). Therefore, with the ctenophore invasion into the Caspian Sea, the primary production was increased, the biomass value of zooplankton and specially Kilka which fed on zooplankton were sharply decreased while the fish such as Rutilus frisi kutum and mullet (Liza salins or Liza aurratus) which fed on benthic were increased.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In last decade the policy of shrimp culture development changes to an important economic and social pole in country. This industry need to research and innovation. The P. monodon is the biggest and largest shrimp (prawn) as known shrimp. This reason says that the culture of P. monodon is more benefit. This shrimp has reported from Guatr Gulf, Pasabandar and Bris costal area of Chabahar region. After catching around 100 pieces of P. monodon in 1999 by fishermen of mentioned area, we decided to write down a project to survey on possibility of broodstok for P. monodon in 2001. In this order we start trolling in Guatr Gulf, Pasabandar and Bris and studied the presence of monodon. During trolling we did not receive sufficient shrimp because of inconveniencing them by trolling net. This less number caused that we could not breed the P. monodons.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out for growth of organisms survey on artificial reef from 2004-2006 after establishment in Hormozgan offshore waters (Bandar Lengeh area). Also during this study we were examined some biological factors including: phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton and benthos from spring 2006 to winter 2006. In this study 43 phytoplankton genus were identified, 28 Bacillariophyceae (Diatom) , 11 Dinophycea , 3 Cyanophycea and 1 Euglenaphycea. Bacillariophycea were dominant, Cyanophycea were high density observed in summer and Euglenaphycea was only observed in winter. The most abundant genus of diatoms were: Rhizosolenia , Navicula , Nitzschia , Coscinodiscus. Ceratium , Prorocentrum and Protoperidinium belong to Dinophycea , Oscillatoria belong to Cyanophycea were more than other genus. Copepoda and Nauplius were the most zooplankton and other group were respectively : Oikopleura, Polychaeta and Chaetognatha. The highest density of zooplankton was seen in winter. The statical study between different stations didn't show any significant (p〉0.05). 6 ichthyoplankton families were seen and identified. These families were Clupeidae, Gobbidae , Callionymidae , Sparidae, Engraulidae and Scianidae.The high density were respectively in summer and spring. The highest annual mean belong to Gobbidae family. Benthos groups were including: Crustacea, Mollusca , Polychaete , Nematoda , Nemertin , Foraminifera , Opiouridae and Echiura. Annual high density of Crustacea were observed in spring season, Polychaete and Mollusca were observed respectively in summer and winter. Organisms which growth on the artifical reef were consist of 12 group. These Organism were Barnacle belong to Crustacea with one genus (Megabalanus tintinnabulum), Sponga with 5 families and Tunicate. The highest density was in 2005. We were seen increasing in size in some organisms such as Crab, Polychaetes, Bivalvia and Fish Larvae. Statical study didn't show any significant between organisms in different parts of artificial reef (top, mid, bottom) and kind of artificial reef had no effect on growth of organisms but Barnacles had high density on mixed artificial reef.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published