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  • Articles  (434)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (434)
  • Cell Line  (258)
  • Nucleic Acid Hybridization  (212)
  • 1985-1989  (434)
  • 1965-1969
  • Medicine  (434)
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  • Articles  (434)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (434)
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  • 1
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    Amyloid protein precursor messenger RNAs: differential expression in Alzheimer's disease (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-26
    Description: In situ hybridization was used to assess total amyloid protein precursor (APP) messenger RNA and the subset of APP mRNA containing the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) insert in 11 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 7 control brains. In AD, a significant twofold increase was observed in total APP mRNA in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons but not in hippocampal subicular neurons, neurons of the basis pontis, or occipital cortical neurons. The increase in total APP mRNA in locus ceruleus and nucleus basalis neurons was due exclusively to an increase in APP mRNA lacking the KPI domain. These findings suggest that increased production of APP lacking the KPI domain in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons may play an important role in the deposition of cerebral amyloid that occurs in AD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmert, M R -- Golde, T E -- Cohen, M L -- Kovacs, D M -- Tanzi, R E -- Gusella, J F -- Usiak, M F -- Younkin, L H -- Younkin, S G -- 5T32GM07250/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AG06656/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH43444/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 26;241(4869):1080-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuropathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Amyloid/*genetics ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Locus Coeruleus/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Plasmids ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Complementary ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Trypsin Inhibitors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 2
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    DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: By means of a selective DNA amplification technique called polymerase chain reaction, proviral sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were identified directly in DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of persons seropositive but not in DNA isolated from PBMCs of persons seronegative for the virus. Primer pairs from multiple regions of the HIV-1 genome were used to achieve maximum sensitivity of provirus detection. HIV-1 sequences were detected in 100% of DNA specimens from seropositive, homosexual men from whom the virus was isolated by coculture, but in none of the DNA specimens from a control group of seronegative, virus culture-negative persons. However, HIV-1 sequences were detected in 64% of DNA specimens from seropositive, virus culture-negative homosexual men. This method of DNA amplification made it possible to obtain results within 3 days, whereas virus isolation takes up to 3 to 4 weeks. The method may therefore be used to complement or replace virus isolation as a routine means of determining HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ou, C Y -- Kwok, S -- Mitchell, S W -- Mack, D H -- Sninsky, J J -- Krebs, J W -- Feorino, P -- Warfield, D -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):295-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral/*blood ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; *Gene Amplification ; HIV/*genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Seropositivity ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*analysis ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Virus Cultivation
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  • 3
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    Cellular transcription factors and regulation of IL-2 receptor gene expression by HTLV-I tax gene product (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-01
    Description: Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) gene is activated by the transcriptional activator protein, Tax (previously referred to as the tat gene product), encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I). Multiple protein binding sites for specific DNA-protein interactions were identified over the upstream IL-2R alpha transcriptional regulatory sequences. However, only one region, which includes the sequence motif GGGGAATCTCCC, was required for activation by both the tax gene product and mitogenic stimulation. Remarkably, this sequence also bound the nuclear factor NF kappa B, which is important for induction of kappa-immunoglobulin gene expression. A model is presented whereby regulation of cellular gene expression by the HTLV-I tax gene product occurs via an indirect mechanism that may involve a post-translational modification of preexistent cellular transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruben, S -- Poteat, H -- Tan, T H -- Kawakami, K -- Roeder, R -- Haseltine, W -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2838905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Gene Products, tat ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/*pharmacology
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  • 4
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    Site-directed mutagenesis of two trans-regulatory genes (tat-III,trs) of HIV-1 (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-19
    Description: Point mutations were introduced into the overlapping trans-regulatory genes (tat-III and trs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the mutants were evaluated for virus expression. The results showed that tat-III has a positive transacting role and is required for transcriptional activation. A chain terminating mutation early in the trs gene resulted in an increase in transcription of viral messenger RNA as measured by nuclear transcription experiments, but only one major species of viral messenger RNA (1.8 kilobases) was detected, and little or no viral structural proteins were made. Thus, the trs gene product is essential for expression of virus structural proteins but, at the same time, may have a negative trans-regulatory role in transcription. Cotransfection of the point mutant proviruses defective in tat or trs with each other or with a complementary DNA clone containing tat and trs sequences restored the normal transcription pattern and subsequent virus production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadaie, M R -- Benter, T -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 19;239(4842):910-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes, Regulator ; *Genes, Viral ; HIV/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; *Mutation ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 5
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    Calpain II involvement in mitosis (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-13
    Description: Mitotic spindle disassembly requires major structural alterations in the associated cytoskeletal proteins and mitosis is known to be associated with Ca2+-sequestering phenomena and calcium transients. To examine the possible involvement of a ubiquitous Ca2+-activated protease, calpain II, in the mitotic process, synchronized PtK1 cells were monitored by immunofluorescence for the relocation of calpain II. The plasma membrane was the predominant location of calpain II in interphase. However, as mitosis progressed, calpain II relocated to (i) an association with mitotic chromosomes, (ii) a perinuclear location in anaphase, and (iii) a mid-body location in telophase. Microinjection of calpain II near the nucleus of a PtK1 cell promoted the onset of metaphase. Injection of calpain II at late metaphase promoted a precocious disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the onset of anaphase. These data suggest that calpain II is involved in mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schollmeyer, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture, Roman L. Hruska Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Interphase ; Metaphase/drug effects ; *Mitosis ; Muscles/enzymology ; Rhodamines ; Spindle Apparatus/drug effects ; Swine
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  • 6
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    A newly characterized HLA DQ beta allele associated with pemphigus vulgaris (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-26
    Description: The inheritance of particular alleles of major histocompatibility complex class II genes increases the risk for various human autoimmune diseases; however, only a small percentage of individuals having an allele associated with susceptibility develop disease. The identification of allelic variants more precisely correlated with disease susceptibility would greatly facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. Oligonucleotide-primed gene amplification in vitro was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a class II variant found almost exclusively in patients with the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to clinical implications, the disease-restricted distribution of this variant should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between diseases and HLA-class II genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, A A -- Brautbar, C -- Szafer, F -- Friedmann, A -- Tzfoni, E -- Todd, J A -- Steinman, L -- McDevitt, H O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):1026-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2894075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-D Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-DQ Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-DR Antigens/immunology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pemphigus/*genetics/immunology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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  • 7
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    Astrocytes synthesize angiotensinogen in brain (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Cell types associated with angiotensinogen mRNA in rat brain were identified in individual brain sections by in situ hybridization with tritiated RNA probes or with a sulfur-35--labeled oligonucleotide combined with immunocytochemical detection of either glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocytes or microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) for neurons. Autoradiography revealed silver grains clustered primarily over GFAP-reactive soma and processes; most grain clusters were not associated with MAP-2--reactive cells. These results demonstrate that, in contrast to other known neuropeptide precursors, angiotensinogen is synthesized by glia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stornetta, R L -- Hawelu-Johnson, C L -- Guyenet, P G -- Lynch, K R -- R01 HL33513/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1444-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Histocytochemistry ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats
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  • 8
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    Antisense RNA directed against the 3' noncoding region prevents dormant mRNA activation in mouse oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: Primary mouse oocytes contain untranslated stable messenger RNA for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). During meiotic maturation, this maternal mRNA undergoes a 3'-polyadenylation, is translated, and is degraded. Injections of maturing oocytes with different antisense RNA's complementary to both coding and noncoding portions of t-PA mRNA all selectively blocked t-PA synthesis. RNA blot analysis of t-PA mRNA in injected, matured oocytes suggested a cleavage of the RNA.RNA hybrid region, yielding a stable 5' portion, and an unstable 3' portion. In primary oocytes, the 3' noncoding region was susceptible to cleavage, while the other portions of the mRNA were blocked from hybrid formation until maturation occurred. Injection of antisense RNA complementary to 103 nucleotides of its extreme 3' untranslated region was sufficient to prevent the polyadenylation, translational activation, and destabilization of t-PA mRNA. These results demonstrate a critical role for the 3' noncoding region of a dormant mRNA in its translational recruitment during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strickland, S -- Huarte, J -- Belin, D -- Vassalli, A -- Rickles, R J -- Vassalli, J D -- HD-17875/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):680-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Poly A/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/*pharmacology ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*genetics
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  • 9
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    Ordered interstrand and intrastrand DNA transfer during reverse transcription (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-26
    Description: Retroviruses contain two copies of the plus stranded viral RNA genome. As a means of determining whether both of these RNA's are used in the reverse transcription reaction, cells were infected with heterozygous virus particles that varied in nucleotide sequence at two separate locations at the RNA termini. The DNA proviruses formed from a single cycle of reverse transcription were then examined. Of the 12 proviruses that were characterized, all exhibited long terminal repeats (LTR's) that would be expected to arise only if both RNA templates were used for the generation of minus strand DNA. In contrast, only a single minus strand DNA appeared to be used as template for the plus strand DNA in the generation of fully double-stranded viral DNA. These results indicate that the first strand transfer step in reverse transcription is an intermolecular event while that of the second transfer is intramolecular. Thus, retroviruses contain two functionally active RNA's, and both may be required for the generation of a single linear DNA molecule. Formation of heterozygotes during retrovirus infection would be expected to result in the efficient generation of LTR recombinants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panganiban, A T -- Fiore, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 26;241(4869):1064-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2457948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII ; Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Virion/genetics ; Virus Replication
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  • 10
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    Production of stable rabbit-mouse hybridomas that secrete rabbit mAb of defined specificity (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Inclusion of normal rabbit serum (NRS) in culture medium after interspecific fusion of hyperimmunized rabbit spleen cells with murine SP2/0 myeloma cells produced 271 rabbit-mouse hybridomas (RMHs) that secreted rabbit immunoglobulin against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Continued use of NRS-supplemented medium during cloning yielded stabilized monoclonal RMH lines that have secreted GAS-specific rabbit antibody at concentrations similar to murine hybridomas (3 to 8 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hours), for over 4 months of culture in vitro. The use of NRS as a medium supplement during initial culture, cloning, and stabilization of RMHs enables production of considerably more specific rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb)-secreting RMHs than have previously been reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raybould, T J -- Takahashi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allelix Inc., Diagnostics Division, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Hybridomas/*immunology ; Karyotyping ; Mice/*immunology ; Rabbits/*immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 11
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    Structural rearrangement of the retinoblastoma gene in human breast carcinoma (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: Structural changes of the human retinoblastoma gene have been demonstrated previously in retinoblastoma and some clinically related tumors including osteosarcoma. Structural aberrations of the retinoblastoma locus (RB1) were observed in 25% of breast tumor cell lines studied and 7% of the primary tumors. These changes include homozygous internal deletions and total deletion of RB1; a duplication of an exon was observed in one of the cell lines. In all cases, structural changes either resulted in the absence or truncation of the RB1 transcript. No obvious defect in RB1 was detected by DNA blot analysis in primary tumors or cell lines from Wilms' tumor, cervical carcinoma, or hepatoma. These results further support the concept that the human RB1 gene has pleiotropic effects on specific types of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉T'Ang, A -- Varley, J M -- Chakraborty, S -- Murphree, A L -- Fung, Y K -- CA44754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Exons ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 12
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    Mesoderm induction in amphibians: the role of TGF-beta 2-like factors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-12
    Description: Mesoderm induction in the amphibian embryo can be studied by exposing animal region explants (destined to become ectoderm) to appropriate stimuli and assaying the appearance of mesodermal products like alpha-actin messenger RNA. Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2), but not TGF-beta 1, was active in alpha-actin induction, while addition of fibroblast growth factor had a small synergistic effect. Medium conditioned by Xenopus XTC cells (XTC-CM), known to have powerful mesoderm-inducing activity, was shown to contain TGF-beta-like activity as measured by a radioreceptor binding assay, colony formation in NRK cells, and growth inhibition in CCL64 cells. The activity of XTC-CM in mesoderm induction and in growth inhibition of CCL64 cells was inhibited partially by antibodies to TGF-beta 2 but not by antibodies to TGF-beta 1. Thus, a TGF-beta 2-like molecule may be involved in mesoderm induction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosa, F -- Roberts, A B -- Danielpour, D -- Dart, L L -- Sporn, M B -- Dawid, I B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):783-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3422517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Amphibians/*embryology ; Animals ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Mesoderm/*physiology ; Peptides/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Xenopus
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  • 13
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    In situ transcription: specific synthesis of complementary DNA in fixed tissue sections (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: A technique, in situ transcription, is described, in which reverse transcription of mRNAs is achieved within fixed tissue sections. An oligonucleotide complementary to proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA was used as a primer for the specific synthesis of radiolabeled POMC cDNA in fixed sections of rat pituitary, thus permitting the rapid anatomical localization of POMC mRNA by autoradiography. Intermediate lobe signal intensities were sensitive to dopaminergic drugs, demonstrating that the method can be used for studies of mRNA regulation. The transcripts may also be eluted from tissue sections for a variety of uses, including the identification and cloning of autoradiographically localized cDNAs from small amounts of tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tecott, L H -- Barchas, J D -- Eberwine, J H -- DA-05010/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-23861/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH09099/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1661-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nancy Pritzker Laboratory of Behavioral Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Deoxycytidine/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides/genetics ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 14
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    HIV-infected cells are killed by rCD4-ricin A chain (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-25
    Description: The gp120 envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is expressed on the surface of many HIV-infected cells, binds to the cell surface molecule CD4. Soluble derivatives of recombinant CD4 (rCD4) that bind gp120 with high affinity are attractive vehicles for targeting a cytotoxic reagent to HIV-infected cells. Soluble rCD4 was conjugated to the active subunit of the toxin ricin. This conjugate killed HIV-infected H9 cells but was 1/1000 as toxic to uninfected H9 cells (which do not express gp120) and was not toxic to Daudi cells (which express major histocompatibility class II antigens, the putative natural ligand for cell surface CD4). Specific killing of infected cells can be blocked by rgp120, rCD4, or a monoclonal antibody to the gp120 binding site on CD4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Till, M A -- Ghetie, V -- Gregory, T -- Patzer, E J -- Porter, J P -- Uhr, J W -- Capon, D J -- Vitetta, E S -- CA-09082/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-28149/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-41081/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2847316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; HIV/*immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/immunology ; Retroviridae Proteins/*immunology/metabolism ; Ricin/metabolism/*pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/microbiology/physiology
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  • 15
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    Molecular cloning of two types of GAP complementary DNA from human placenta (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: The ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) was purified from human placental tissue. Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. The messenger RNA of this GAP was detected in human lung, brain, liver, leukocytes, and placenta. The second type appeared to be generated by a differential splicing mechanism and encoded a novel form of GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 100,400 daltons. This protein lacks the hydrophobic amino terminus characteristic of the larger species, but retains GAP activity. The messenger RNA of this type was abundantly expressed in placenta and in several human cell lines, but not in adult tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trahey, M -- Wong, G -- Halenbeck, R -- Rubinfeld, B -- Martin, G A -- Ladner, M -- Long, C M -- Crosier, W J -- Watt, K -- Koths, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1697-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cetus Corp., Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Leukocytes/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Lung/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Placenta/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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  • 16
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    Tandem array of human visual pigment genes at Xq28 (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Unequal crossing-over within a head-to-tail tandem array of the homologous red and green visual pigment genes has been proposed to explain the observed variation in green-pigment gene number among individuals and the prevalence of red-green fusion genes among color-blind subjects. This model was tested by probing the structure of the red and green pigment loci with long-range physical mapping techniques. The loci were found to constitute a gene array with an approximately 39-kilobase repeat length. The position of the red pigment gene at the 5' edge of the array explains its lack of variation in copy number. Restriction maps of the array in four individuals who differ in gene number are consistent with a head-to-tail configuration of the genes. These results provide physical evidence in support of the model and help to explain the high incidence of color blindness in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollrath, D -- Nathans, J -- Davis, R W -- GM21891/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; *X Chromosome
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  • 17
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    The myeloperoxidase gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):823-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA Probes ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/enzymology/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peroxidase/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 18
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    Translocation and rearrangement of myeloperoxidase gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype M3) is characterized by malignant promyelocytes exhibiting an abundance of abnormally large or aberrant primary granules. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of these azurophilic granules, as assessed by cytochemical staining, is unusually intense. In addition, M3 is universally associated with a chromosomal translocation, t(15;17)(q22;q11.2). In this report, the MPO gene was localized to human chromosome 17 (q12-q21), the region of the breakpoint on chromosome 17 in the t(15;17), by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ chromosomal hybridization. By means of MPO complementary DNA clones for in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, the effect of this specific translocation on the MPO gene was examined. In all cases of M3 examined, MPO is translocated to chromosome 15. Genomic blot analyses indicate rearrangement of MPO in leukemia cells of two of four cases examined. These findings suggest that MPO may be pivotal in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weil, S C -- Rosner, G L -- Reid, M S -- Chisholm, R L -- Lemons, R S -- Swanson, M S -- Carrino, J J -- Diaz, M O -- Le Beau, M M -- 1R01 CA44475/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA09273/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):790-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone Marrow/analysis ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*enzymology/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peroxidase/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 19
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    Constraint of the translational diffusion of a membrane glycoprotein by its external domains (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-10-21
    Description: The translational diffusion of wild-type and underglycosylated molecules of a membrane-integral glycoprotein the Ld class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen has been measured. The Ld mutant molecules, which lack one or more glycosylation sites, had larger translational diffusion coefficients, D, than did wild-type Ld molecules glycosylated at three sites. The increase in D is linear with loss of glycosylation. The highest value of D approaches that for translational diffusion of molecules constrained only by viscosity of the membrane lipid bilayer. These results indicate that the external portions of cell surface glycoproteins interact significantly with other nearby molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wier, M -- Edidin, M -- AI-14584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 21;242(4877):412-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Diffusion ; Glycosylation ; *Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation
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  • 20
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    Chromosome 17 deletions and p53 gene mutations in colorectal carcinomas (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-14
    Description: Previous studies have demonstrated that allelic deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 occur in over 75% of colorectal carcinomas. Twenty chromosome 17p markers were used to localize the common region of deletion in these tumors to a region contained within bands 17p12 to 17p13.3. This region contains the gene for the transformation-associated protein p53. Southern and Northern blot hybridization experiments provided no evidence for gross alterations of the p53 gene or surrounding sequences. As a more rigorous test of the possibility that p53 was a target of the deletions, the p53 coding regions from two tumors were analyzed; these two tumors, like most colorectal carcinomas, had allelic deletions of chromosome 17p and expressed considerable amounts of p53 messenger RNA from the remaining allele. The remaining p53 allele was mutated in both tumors, with an alanine substituted for valine at codon 143 of one tumor and a histidine substituted for arginine at codon 175 of the second tumor. Both mutations occurred in a highly conserved region of the p53 gene that was previously found to be mutated in murine p53 oncogenes. The data suggest that p53 gene mutations may be involved in colorectal neoplasia, perhaps through inactivation of a tumor suppressor function of the wild-type p53 gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, S J -- Fearon, E R -- Nigro, J M -- Hamilton, S R -- Preisinger, A C -- Jessup, J M -- vanTuinen, P -- Ledbetter, D H -- Barker, D F -- Nakamura, Y -- White, R -- Vogelstein, B -- GM07184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20619/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 14;244(4901):217-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2649981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
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  • 21
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    AP1/jun function is differentially induced in promotion-sensitive and resistant JB6 cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Tumor promoters may bring about events that lead to neoplastic transformation by inducing specific promotion-relevant effector genes. Functional activation of the transacting transcription factor AP-1 by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) may play an essential role in this process. Clonal genetic variants of mouse epidermal JB6 cells that are genetically susceptible (P+) or resistant (P-) to promotion of transformation by TPA were transfected with 3XTRE-CAT, a construct that has AP-1 cis-enhancer sequences attached to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Transfected JB6 P+, but not P- variants, showed TPA-inducible CAT synthesis. Epidermal growth factor, another transformation promoter in JB6 cells, also caused P+ specific induction of CAT gene expression. These results demonstrate an association between induced AP-1 function and sensitivity to promotion of neoplastic transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, L R -- Colburn, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2541502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Epidermis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Variation ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 22
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    Fetal research (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: This article reviews some of the significant contributions of fetal research and fetal tissue research over the past 20 years. The benefits of fetal research include the development of vaccines, advances in prenatal diagnosis, detection of malformations, assessment of safe and effective medications, and the development of in utero surgical therapies. Fetal tissue research benefits vaccine development, assessment of risk factors and toxicity levels in drug production, development of cell lines, and provides a source of fetal cells for ongoing transplantation trials. Together, fetal research and fetal tissue research offer tremendous potential for the treatment of the fetus, neonate, and adult.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, J T -- Sladek, J R Jr -- P01-NS24032/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-NS25778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):775-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Female ; *Fetal Diseases ; *Fetal Research ; *Fetus/cytology/surgery ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; *Research ; *Risk Assessment ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; Vaccines
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  • 23
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    Kappa B-specific DNA binding proteins: role in the regulation of human interleukin-2 gene expression (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: Transcriptional activation of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, like induction of the IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) gene and the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is shown to be modulated by a kappa B-like enhancer element. Mutation of a kappa B core sequence identified in the IL-2 promoter (-206 to -195) partially inhibits both mitogen- and HTLV-I Tax-mediated activation of this transcription unit and blocks the specific binding of two inducible cellular factors. These kappa B-specific proteins (80 to 90 and 50 to 55 kilodaltons) similarly interact with the functional kappa B enhancer present in the IL-2R alpha promoter. These data suggest that these kappa B-specific proteins have a role in the coordinate regulation of this growth factor-growth factor receptor gene system that controls T cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoyos, B -- Ballard, D W -- Bohnlein, E -- Siekevitz, M -- Greene, W C -- A127053-01/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):457-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY 10029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2497518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; HIV-1/genetics ; HTLV-I Antigens/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/*genetics ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 24
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    Activators of protein kinase C induce dissociation of CD4, but not CD8, from p56lck (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: The CD4 and CD8 T cell receptor accessory molecules can both be isolated from T lymphocytes in association with p56lck, a membrane-associated, cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinase that is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells. The enzymatic activity of p56lck may therefore be regulated by CD4 and CD8 and be important in antigen-induced T cell activation. Exposure of human T cells and some mouse T cells to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C, caused the dissociation of p56lck and CD4. Activation of protein kinase C may therefore interrupt regulation of p56lck by CD4 and alter the ability of p56lck to interact with polypeptide substrates. In contrast, exposure of cells to TPA did not cause dissociation of p56lck and CD8. Regulation of p56lck by CD4 may therefore differ from regulation by CD8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, T R -- Luo, K -- Sefton, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):407-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Leukemia, T-Cell ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Phosphorylation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 25
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    Persistence of abnormal chloride conductance regulation in transformed cystic fibrosis epithelia (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: An airway epithelial cell line (CF/T43) was developed by infecting cultured airway epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with the pZIPneoSV(X)1/SV40T retrovirus and selecting for G418 resistance and ion transport properties. The distinctive chloride secretory phenotypes of the CF cell line CF/T43 and a normal cell line (NL/T4) were not perturbed by SV40T-induced cell transformation. Epithelial cell lines generated from CF cells with the SV40T gene can be used to test candidate CF genes and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the CF phenotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetten, A M -- Yankaskas, J R -- Stutts, M J -- Willumsen, N J -- Boucher, R C -- HL41983/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1472-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/pharmacology ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/*genetics ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cystic Fibrosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Electric Conductivity ; Epithelium/drug effects/pathology/physiology ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Freeze Fracturing ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Ionomycin ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nasal Polyps ; Simian virus 40/*immunology ; *Transformation, Genetic
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    Targeting of nonexpressed genes in embryonic stem cells via homologous recombination (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: Gene targeting via homologous recombination-mediated disruption in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells has been described for a number of different genes expressed in these cells; it has not been reported for any nonexpressed genes. Pluripotent stem cell lines were isolated with homologously recombined insertions at three different loci: c-fos, which is expressed at a low level in ES cells, and two genes, adipsin and adipocyte P2 (aP2), which are transcribed specifically in adipose cells and are not expressed at detectable levels in ES cells. The frequencies at which homologous recombination events occurred did not correlate with levels of expression of the targeted genes, but did occur at rates comparable to those previously reported for genes that are actively expressed in ES cells. Injection of successfully targeted cells into mouse blastocysts resulted in the formation of chimeric mice. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of altering genes in ES cells that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the mouse, in order to study their function at later developmental stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, R S -- Sheng, M -- Greenberg, M E -- Kolodner, R D -- Papaioannou, V E -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK 31405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1234-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Complement Factor D ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Stem Cells/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Ectopic expression of the serotonin 1c receptor and the triggering of malignant transformation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: Neurotransmitter receptors are usually restricted to neuronal cells, but the signaling pathways activated by these receptors are widely distributed in both neural and non-neural cells. The functional consequences of activating a brain-specific neurotransmitter receptor, the serotonin 5HT1c receptor, in the unnatural environment of a fibroblast were examined. Introduction of functional 5HT1c receptors into NIH 3T3 cells results, at high frequency, in the generation of transformed foci. Moreover, the generation and maintenance of transformed foci requires continued activation of the serotonin receptor. In addition, the injection of cells derived from transformed foci into nude mice results in the generation of tumors. The serotonin 5HT1c receptor therefore functions as a protooncogene when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Julius, D -- Livelli, T J -- Jessell, T M -- Axel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1057-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Serotonin/*genetics/physiology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Serotonin/pharmacology/physiology ; Transfection
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    A model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia in immune-deficient SCID mice (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: A human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line that was transplanted into immune-deficient SCID mice proliferated in the hematopoietic tissues, invaded various organs, and led to the death of the mice. The distribution of leukemic cells in SCID mice was similar to the course of the disease in children. A-1 cells marked with a retrovirus vector showed clonal evolution after the transplant. SCID mice that were injected with bone marrow from three patients with non-T ALL had leukemic cells in their bone marrow and spleen. This in vivo model of human leukemia is an approach to understanding leukemic growth and progression and is a novel system for testing new treatment strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamel-Reid, S -- Letarte, M -- Sirard, C -- Doedens, M -- Grunberger, T -- Fulop, G -- Freedman, M H -- Phillips, R A -- Dick, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2595371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*pathology ; Kidney/pathology ; Liver/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 29
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    Effect of antisense c-raf-1 on tumorigenicity and radiation sensitivity of a human squamous carcinoma (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-10
    Description: Antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of gene expression was used to investigate the biological function of the c-raf-1 gene in a radiation-resistant human squamous carcinoma cell line, SQ-20B. S1 nuclease protection assays revealed that transfection of full-length raf complementary DNA in the antisense orientation (AS) leads to a specific reduction (greater than tenfold) of steady-state levels of the endogenous c-raf-1 sense (S) transcript in SQ-20B cells. In nude mice, the malignant potential of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (S) was significantly increased relative to that of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (AS). SQ-20B cells containing transfected raf (S) maintained a radiation-resistant phenotype as compared to those cells harboring the AS version, which appeared to have enhanced radiation sensitivity. These data indicate that the reduced expression of endogenous c-raf-1 is sufficient to modulate the tumorigenicity and the radiation-resistant phenotype of SQ-20B cells, thus implicating c-raf-1 in a pathway important to the genesis of this type of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, U -- Pfeifer, A -- Brennan, T -- Beckett, M -- Weichselbaum, R R -- Dritschilo, A -- Mark, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1354-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Medicine, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/*radiation effects
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    Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Mouse 3T3 cell lines capable of constitutively synthesizing an RNA complementary to the messenger RNA encoding TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were constructed by transfection with appropriate plasmid constructs. Many of the lines were down-modulated for TIMP messenger RNA levels and secreted less TIMP into the culture medium. In comparison to noninvasive, nontumorigenic controls, these cells not only were invasive in a human amnion invasion assay, but also were tumorigenic and metastatic in athymic mice. These results indicate that TIMP suppresses oncogenicity, at least in immortal murine 3T3 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khokha, R -- Waterhouse, P -- Yagel, S -- Lala, P K -- Overall, C M -- Norton, G -- Denhardt, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2465572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; Transfection
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    Human cells lacking mtDNA: repopulation with exogenous mitochondria by complementation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Two human cell lines (termed rho 0), which had been completely depleted of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by long-term exposure to ethidium bromide, were found to be dependent on uridine and pyruvate for growth because of the absence of a functional respiratory chain. Loss of either of these two metabolic requirements was used as a selectable marker for the repopulation of rho 0 cells with exogenous mitochondria by complementation. Transformants obtained with various mitochondrial donors exhibited a respiratory phenotype that was in most cases distinct from that of the rho 0 parent or the donor, indicating that the genotypes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes as well as their specific interactions play a role in the respiratory competence of a cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, M P -- Attardi, G -- GM11726/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):500-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; *DNA, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; *Transformation, Genetic
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    Adenylyl cyclase amino acid sequence: possible channel- or transporter-like structure (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Complementary DNA's that encode an adenylyl cyclase were isolated from a bovine brain library. Most of the deduced amino acid sequence of 1134 residues is divisible into two alternating sets of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. Each of the two large hydrophobic domains appears to contain six transmembrane spans. Each of the two large hydrophilic domains contains a sequence that is homologous to a single cytoplasmic domain of several guanylyl cyclases; these sequences may represent nucleotide binding sites. An unexpected topographical resemblance between adenylyl cyclase and various plasma membrane channels and transporters was observed. This structural complexity suggests possible, unappreciated functions for this important enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krupinski, J -- Coussen, F -- Bakalyar, H A -- Tang, W J -- Feinstein, P G -- Orth, K -- Slaughter, C -- Reed, R R -- Gilman, A G -- CA16519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM12230/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1558-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/enzymology ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Ion Channels ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Conformation ; Transfection
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    Reverse transcriptase in a clinical strain of Escherichia coli: production of branched RNA-linked msDNA (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Branched RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) originally detected in myxobacteria has now been found in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Although lacking homology in the primary structure, the E. coli msDNA is similar in secondary structure to the myxobacterial msDNA's, including the 2',5'-phosphodiester linkage between RNA and DNA. A chromosomal DNA fragment responsible for the production of msDNA was cloned in an E. coli K12 strain; its DNA sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 586 amino acid residues. The ORF shows sequence similarity with retroviral reverse transcriptases and ribonuclease H. Disruption of the ORF blocked msDNA production, indicating that this gene is essential for msDNA synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lampson, B C -- Sun, J -- Hsu, M Y -- Vallejo-Ramirez, J -- Inouye, S -- Inouye, M -- F32 GM11970-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM26843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1033-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded/analysis/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Endoribonucleases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; HIV/enzymology/genetics ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/enzymology/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myxococcales/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Bacterial/analysis/biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*genetics ; Retroviridae/*enzymology/genetics ; Ribonuclease H ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transformation, Bacterial
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    Membrane anchoring of a human IgG Fc receptor (CD16) determined by a single amino acid (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: CD16 is a low-affinity immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptor that is expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, activated macrophages, and some T lymphocytes. Two similar genes, CD16-I and CD16-II, encode membrane glycoproteins that are anchored by phosphatidylinositol (PI)-glycan and transmembrane polypeptides, respectively. The primary structural requirements for PI-linkage were examined by constructing a series of hybrid cDNA molecules. Although both cDNA's have an identical COOH-terminal hydrophobic segment, CD16-I has Ser203 whereas CD16-II has Phe203. Conversion of Phe to Ser in CD16-II permits expression of a PI-glycan-anchored glycoprotein, whereas conversion of Ser to Phe in CD16-I prevents PI-glycan linkage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanier, L L -- Cwirla, S -- Yu, G -- Testi, R -- Phillips, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Becton Dickinson Monoclonal Center, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Codon/genetics ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Granulocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phenylalanine ; Receptors, Fc/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, IgG ; *Serine ; Transfection
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    Identification of the molecular defect in a family with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by disproportionate short stature and pleiotropic involvement of the skeletal and ocular systems. Evidence has suggested that SED may result from structural defects in type II collagen. To confirm the validity of this hypothesis, the structure of the "candidate" type II collagen gene (COL2A1) has been directly examined in a relatively large SED family. Coarse scanning of the gene by Southern blot hybridization identified an abnormal restriction pattern in one of the affected members of the kindred. Analysis of selected genomic fragments, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, precisely localized the molecular defect and demonstrated that all affected family members carried the same heterozygous single-exon deletion. As a consequence of the mutation, nearly 90 percent of the assembled type II collagen homotrimers are expected to contain one or more procollagen subunits harboring an interstitial deletion of 36 amino acids in the triple helical domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, B -- Vissing, H -- Ramirez, F -- Rogers, D -- Rimoin, D -- AR-38648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-22657/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteochondrodysplasias/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Procollagen/genetics
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    Secretion of activin by interstitial cells in the testis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Activin, a dimer formed by the beta subunits of inhibin, has an effect that is opposite to that of inhibin in a number of biological systems. Which cell types secrete activin in vivo is not known. TM3 cells, a Leydig-derived cell line, contained messenger RNAs that hybridized with human beta A and beta B complementary DNA probes and were similar in size to the porcine messenger RNA for the beta subunits of inhibin. No hybridization to the inhibin alpha subunit was detectable in the TM3 cells. Conditioned medium from TM3 cells and from primary cultures of rat and porcine interstitial cells stimulated the release of follicle-stimulating hormone in a pituitary cell culture assay. It is likely that, in the testis, the Leydig cells secrete activin and the Sertoli cells produce inhibin, or a combination of both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, W -- Mason, A J -- Schwall, R -- Szonyi, E -- Mather, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):396-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Culture, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activins ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/secretion ; Inhibins/*physiology/*secretion ; Leydig Cells/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Sertoli Cells/physiology ; Swine ; Testis/cytology/*physiology
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    Purification, cloning, and expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is one of a small number of proteins with neurotrophic activities distinct from nerve growth factor (NGF). CNTF has now been purified and cloned and the primary structure of CNTF from rabbit sciatic nerve has been determined. Biologically active CNTF has been transiently expressed from a rabbit complementary DNA clone. CNTF is a neural effector without significant sequence homologies to any previously reported protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, L F -- Mismer, D -- Lile, J D -- Armes, L G -- Butler, E T 3rd -- Vannice, J L -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protein Chemistry Group, Synergen, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factors/*genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Sciatic Nerve/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Isolation of human transcribed sequences from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A method was developed for selectively isolating genes from localized regions of the human genome that are contained in interspecific hybrid cells. Complementary human DNA was prepared from a human-rodent somatic cell hybrid that contained less than 1% human DNA, by using consensus 5' intron splice sequences as primers. These primers would select immature, unspliced messenger RNA (still retaining species-specific repeat sequences) as templates. Screening a derived complementary DNA library for human repeat sequences resulted in the isolation of human clones at the anticipated frequency with characteristics expected of exons of transcribed human genes--single copy sequences that hybridized to discrete bands on Northern (RNA) blots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, P -- Legerski, R -- Siciliano, M J -- GM19436/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/biosynthesis/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; *Hybrid Cells ; Introns ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; Templates, Genetic
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    Polymerase chain reaction with single-sided specificity: analysis of T cell receptor delta chain (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-13
    Description: In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two specific oligonucleotide primers are used to amplify the sequences between them. However, this technique is not suitable for amplifying genes that encode molecules where the 5' portion of the sequences of interest is not known, such as the T cell receptor (TCR) or immunoglobulins. Because of this limitation, a novel technique, anchored polymerase chain reaction (A-PCR), was devised that requires sequence specificity only on the 3' end of the target fragment. It was used to analyze TCR delta chain mRNA's from human peripheral blood gamma delta T cells. Most of these cells had a V delta gene segment not previously described (V delta 3), and the delta chain junctional sequences formed a discrete subpopulation compared with those previously reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loh, E Y -- Elliott, J F -- Cwirla, S -- Lanier, L L -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):217-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2463672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Gene Amplification ; *Genes ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 40
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    Specific block of calcium channel expression by a fragment of dihydropyridine receptor cDNA (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-03
    Description: Although the structure of rabbit skeletal muscle dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor, deduced from cDNA sequence, indicates that this protein is the channel-forming subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), no functional proof for this prediction has been presented. Two DNA oligonucleotides complementary to DHP-receptor RNA sequences coding for putative membrane-spanning regions of the DHP receptor specifically suppress the expression of the DHP-sensitive VDCC from rabbit and rat heart in Xenopus oocytes. However, these oligonucleotides do not suppress the expression of the DHP-insensitive VDCC and of voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels. Thus, the gene for DHP receptor of rabbit skeletal muscle is closely related, or identical to, a gene expressed in heart that encodes a component of the DHP-sensitive VDCC. The DHP-sensitive and DHP-insensitive VDCCs are distinct molecular entities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotan, I -- Goelet, P -- Gigi, A -- Dascal, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2464853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, ; 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ; ester/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Probes ; Electric Conductivity ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Muscles/analysis ; Myocardium/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/physiology ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics ; Xenopus
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  • 41
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    Cloning and sequencing of porcine LH-hCG receptor cDNA: variants lacking transmembrane domain (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: Complementary DNA clones, encoding the LH-hCG (luteinizing hormone-human choriogonadotropic hormone) receptor were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 library with monoclonal antibodies. The primary structure of the protein was deduced from the DNA sequence analysis; the protein contains 696 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acids. Hydropathy analysis suggests the existence of seven transmembrane domains that show homology with the corresponding regions of other G protein-coupled receptors. Three other types of clones corresponding to shorter proteins were observed, in which the putative transmembrane domain was absent. These probably arose through alternative splicing. RNA blot analysis showed similar patterns in testis and ovary with a major RNA of 4700 nucleotides and several minor species. The messenger RNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, yielding a protein that bound hCG with the same affinity as the testicular receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loosfelt, H -- Misrahi, M -- Atger, M -- Salesse, R -- Vu Hai-Luu Thi, M T -- Jolivet, A -- Guiochon-Mantel, A -- Sar, S -- Jallal, B -- Garnier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 135, Hopital de Bicetre, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LH/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Testis/analysis ; Tissue Distribution
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    Identification of an AUUUA-specific messenger RNA binding protein (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: An important control point in gene expression is at the level of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. The mRNAs of certain regulatory cellular proteins such as oncogenes, cytokines, lymphokines, and transcriptional activators are extremely labile. These messages share a common AUUUA pentamer in their 3' untranslated region, which confers cytoplasmic instability. A cytosolic protein was identified that binds specifically to RNA molecules containing four reiterations of the AUUUA structural element. This protein consists of three subunits and binds rapidly to AUUUA-containing RNA. Such protein-RNA complexes are resistant to the actions of denaturing and reducing agents, demonstrating very stable binding. The time course, stability, and specificity of the protein-AUUUA interaction suggests the possibility that the formation of this complex may target susceptible mRNA for rapid cytoplasmic degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malter, J S -- CA01427-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Carrier Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight ; *Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic
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    Expression and characterization of a functional myosin head fragment in Dictyostelium discoideum (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: The isolated head fragment of myosin is a motor protein that is able to use energy liberated from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to cause sliding movement of actin filaments. Expression of a myosin fragment nearly equivalent to the amino-terminal globular head domain, generally referred to as subfragment 1, has been achieved by transforming the eukaryotic organism Dictyostelium discoideum with a plasmid that carries a 2.6-kilobase fragment of the cloned Dictyostelium myosin heavy chain gene under the control of the Dictyostelium actin-15 promoter. The recombinant fragment of the myosin heavy chain was purified 2400-fold from one of the resulting cell lines and was found to be functional by the following criteria: the myosin head fragment copurified with the essential and regulatory myosin light chains, decorated actin filaments, and displayed actin-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity. In addition, motility assays in vitro showed that the recombinant myosin fragment is capable of supporting sliding movement of actin filaments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manstein, D J -- Ruppel, K M -- Spudich, J A -- GM 33289/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2530629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dictyostelium/*genetics ; *Gene Expression ; *Genes ; Genetic Vectors ; Molecular Weight ; Myosin Subfragments/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Myosins/genetics/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic
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    Human KGF is FGF-related with properties of a paracrine effector of epithelial cell growth (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a human mitogen that is specific for epithelial cells. The complementary DNA sequence of KGF demonstrates that it is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The KGF transcript was present in stromal cells derived from epithelial tissues. By comparison with the expression of other epithelial cell mitogens, only KGF, among known human growth factors, has the properties of a stromal mediator of epithelial cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finch, P W -- Rubin, J S -- Miki, T -- Ron, D -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):752-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Codon ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/analysis/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; *Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA/analysis ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Skin/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
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    A new DNA marker tightly linked to the fragile X locus (FRAXA) (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of familial mental retardation. Genetic counseling and gene isolation are hampered by a lack of DNA markers close to the disease locus. Two somatic cell hybrids that each contain a human X chromosome with a breakpoint close to the fragile X locus have been characterized. A new DNA marker (DXS296) lies between the chromosome breakpoints and is the closest marker to the fragile X locus yet reported. The Hunter syndrome gene, which causes iduronate sulfatase deficiency, is located at the X chromosome breakpoint that is distal to this new marker, thus localizing the Hunter gene distal to the fragile X locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suthers, G K -- Callen, D F -- Hyland, V J -- Kozman, H M -- Baker, E -- Eyre, H -- Harper, P S -- Roberts, S H -- Hors-Cayla, M C -- Davies, K E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1298-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genetic Counseling ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Markers ; Genomic Library ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Likelihood Functions ; Mice ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Mutations in a protein kinase C homolog confer phorbol ester resistance on Caenorhabditis elegans (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: The tpa-1 gene mediates the action of tumor-promoting phorbol esters in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A genomic fragment that constitutes a portion of the tpa-1 gene was cloned by Tc1 transposon tagging and was used as a probe to screen a nematode complementary DNA library. One of the isolated complementary DNA clones had a nucleotide sequence that predicts a polypeptide of 526 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the predicted tpa-1 protein sequence is highly similar to protein kinase C molecules from various animals, including man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabuse, Y -- Nishiwaki, K -- Miwa, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fundamental Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2538925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis/*drug effects/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phenotype ; Phorbol Esters/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 47
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    A protein that binds to a cis-acting element of wheat histone genes has a leucine zipper motif (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: The structure and function of transcription factors of higher plants was studied by isolating cDNA clones encoding a wheat sequence-specific DNA binding protein. A hexameric nucleotide motif, ACGTCA, is located upstream from the TATA box of several plant histone genes. It has been suggested that this motif is essential for efficient transcription of the wheat histone H3 gene. A wheat nuclear protein, HBP-1 (histone DNA binding protein-1), which specifically binds to the hexameric motif, has previously been identified as a putative transcription factor. A cDNA clone encoding HBP-1 has been isolated on the basis of specific binding of HBP-1 to the hexameric motif. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that HBP-1 contains the leucine zipper motif, which represents a characteristic property of several eukaryotic transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabata, T -- Takase, H -- Takayama, S -- Mikami, K -- Nakatsuka, A -- Kawata, T -- Nakayama, T -- Iwabuchi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):965-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; *Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; Histones/*genetics ; Information Systems ; *Leucine ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plants/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Triticum/genetics
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  • 48
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    5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine blocks myogenesis by extinguishing expression of MyoD1 (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: The pyrimidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) competes with thymidine for incorporation into DNA. Substitution of BUdR for thymidine does not significantly affect cell viability but does block cell differentiation in many different lineages. BUdR substitution in a mouse myoblast line blocked myogenic differentiation and extinguished the expression of the myogenic determination gene MyoD1. Forced expression of MyoD1 from a transfected expression vector in a BUdR-substituted myoblast overcame the block to differentiation imposed by BUdR. Activation of BUdR-substituted muscle structural genes and apparently normal differentiation were observed in transfected myoblasts. This shows that BUdR blocks myogenesis at the level of a myogenic regulatory gene, possibly MyoD1, not by directly inhibiting the activation of muscle structural genes. It is consistent with the idea that BUdR selectively blocks a class of regulatory genes, each member of which is important for the development of a different cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tapscott, S J -- Lassar, A B -- Davis, R L -- Weintraub, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):532-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2547249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Creatine Kinase/genetics ; DNA/metabolism ; Desmin/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Genes ; Mice ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscles/*cytology ; Myogenin ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 49
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    Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A substitution mutation has been introduced into the c-abl locus of murine embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination between exogenously added DNA and the endogenous gene, and these cells have been used to generate chimeric mice. It is shown that the c-abl mutation was transmitted to progeny by several male chimeras. This work demonstrates the feasibility of germ-line transmission of a mutation introduced into a nonselectable autosomal gene by homologous recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartzberg, P L -- Goff, S P -- Robertson, E J -- P01 CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD 25208/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):799-803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2554496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abelson murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mutation ; Oncogenes/*physiology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*genetics
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    A liver-specific enhancer in the core promoter region of human hepatitis B virus (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: An 88-base pair fragment in the core promoter of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains a functional promoter and a strong liver-specific enhancer. This enhancer functions in human hepatoma cells, where it is much more active than the previously described HBV enhancer in stimulating expression of the linked bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expressed from heterologous promoters. Studies of the role of this enhancer-promoter in HBV may help to clarify mechanisms of gene expression in cells infected with HBV and the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yee, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):658-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2554495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus/*genetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Simplexvirus/enzymology/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
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    The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 induces filopodia in non-neuronal cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: The neuron-specific protein GAP-43 is associated with the membrane of the nerve growth cone and thus may be important to the activity of this distinctive neuronal structure. Transient transfection of COS and NIH 3T3 cells with appropriate vectors resulted in expression of GAP-43 in these non-neuronal cells; as in neurons, transfected GAP-43 associated with the membrane. In addition, many long fine filopodial processes extended from the periphery of such transfected cells. Stable CHO cell lines expressing GAP-43 also exhibited processes that were more numerous, far longer, and more complex than those of CHO cell lines not transfected or transfected with control plasmids. Thus GAP-43 may directly contribute to growth cone activity by regulating cell membrane structure and enhancing extension of filopodial processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, M X -- Goodman, D W -- Karns, L R -- Fishman, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Biology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; GAP-43 Protein ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    Metastatic hibernomas in transgenic mice expressing an alpha-amylase-SV40 T antigen hybrid gene (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: Mice transgenic for a hybrid gene containing the liver promoter of the mouse amylase gene (Amy-1a) fused to the SV40 tumor antigen coding region unexpected developed malignant brown adipose tissue tumors (malignant hibernomas). Expression of the alpha-amylase gene had previously been thought to be confined to the liver parotid, and pancreas; however, analysis of white and brown adipose tissue from nontransgenic mice revealed expression of the endogenous Amy-1a gene in these tissues. Gene constructs driven by the Amy-1a liver promoter thus provide a means of targeting gene expression to the adipocyte cell lineage in transgenic mice. Moreover the high frequency of metastases in the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and adrenals of these mice provides an experimental system in which to study the development of disseminated malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, N -- Crooke, R -- Hwang, L H -- Schibler, U -- Knowles, B B -- Solter, D -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-18470/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):460-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism/pathology ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*genetics/pathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic ; alpha-Amylases/*genetics
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    Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: The pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the main physiological agent that regulates the thyroid gland. The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was cloned by selective amplification with the polymerase chain reaction of DNA segments presenting sequence similarity with genes for G protein-coupled receptors. Out of 11 new putative receptor clones obtained from genomic DNA, one had sequence characteristics different from all the others. Although this clone did not hybridize to thyroid transcripts, screening of a dog thyroid complementary DNA (cDNA) library at moderate stringency identified a cDNA encoding a 4.9-kilobase thyroid-specific transcript. The polypeptide encoded by this thyroid-specific transcript consisted of a 398-amino acid residue amino-terminal segment, constituting a putative extracellular domain, connected to a 346-residue carboxyl-terminal domain that contained seven putative transmembrane segments. Expression of the cDNA conferred TSH responsiveness to Xenopus oocytes and Y1 cells and a TSH binding phenotype to COS cells. The TSHR and the receptor for luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin constitute a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with distinct sequence characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, M -- Libert, F -- Maenhaut, C -- Lefort, A -- Gerard, C -- Perret, J -- Van Sande, J -- Dumont, J E -- Vassart, G -- R01-DK21732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2556796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP ; Dogs ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics ; Thyrotropin/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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    Interferon-alpha but not AZT suppresses HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Promonocytic (U1) and T lymphocytic (ACH-2) cell lines chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitutively express low levels of virus, but expression can be induced by phorbol esters and cytokines. Whereas ACH-2 cells produce infectious virions, U1 cells produce defective, noninfectious particles. Although 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine (AZT) prevented acute HIV infection of susceptible cells, it did not prevent the induction of HIV expression in the infected cell lines. In contrast, interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibited the release of reverse transcriptase and viral antigens into the culture supernatant after phorbol ester stimulation of both cell lines. Further, IFN-alpha suppressed the production or release (or both) of whole HIV virions, but had no effect on the amount of cell-associated viral proteins. Also, after phorbol ester stimulation of ACH-2 cells, IFN-alpha reduced the number of infectious viral particles secreted into the culture supernatant, but had no effect on the infectivity of cell-associated virus. These findings lend support to the combined use of antiviral agents that have action at both the early (AZT) and the late (IFN-alpha) stages of HIV replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poli, G -- Orenstein, J M -- Kinter, A -- Folks, T M -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/microbiology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HIV-1/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Immunoblotting ; Interferon Type I/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Monocytes/microbiology ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vacuoles/microbiology ; Virion/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; Virus Replication/*drug effects ; Zidovudine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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    Type I and type II GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors produced in transfected cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-22
    Description: GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A)-benzodiazepine receptors expressed in mammalian cells and assembled from one of three different alpha subunit variants (alpha 1, alpha 2, or alpha 3) in combination with a beta 1 and a gamma 2 subunit display the pharmacological properties of either type I or type II receptor subtypes. These receptors contain high-affinity binding sites for benzodiazepines. However, CL 218 872, 2-oxoquazepam, and methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM) show a temperature-modulated selectivity for alpha 1 subunit-containing receptors. There were no significant differences in the binding of clonazepam, diazepam, Ro 15-1788, or dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM) to all three recombinant receptors. Receptors containing the alpha 3 subunit show greater GABA potentiation of benzodiazepine binding than receptors containing the alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit, indicating that there are subtypes within the type II class. Thus, diversity in benzodiazepine pharmacology is generated by heterogeneity of the alpha subunit of the GABAA receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchett, D B -- Luddens, H -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1389-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie, Universitat Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2551039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Flumazenil/metabolism ; Flunitrazepam/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Pyridazines/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Transfer of a protein encoded by a single nucleus to nearby nuclei in multinucleated myotubes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: Specialized regions of muscle fibers may result from differential gene expression within a single fiber. In order to investigate the range of action of individual nuclei in multinucleated myotubes, C2 myoblasts were transfected to obtain stable cell lines that express a reporter protein that is targeted to the nucleus. Hybrid myotubes were then formed containing one or a few transfected nuclei as well as a large number of nuclei from the parental strain. In order to determine how far the products of a single nucleus extend, transfected nuclei were labeled with [3H]thymidine before fusion and the myotubes were stained to identify the reporter protein. In such myotubes the fusion protein was not confined to its nucleus of origin, but was restricted to nearby nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ralston, E -- Hall, Z W -- NS 20107/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1066-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/genetics ; Mice ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; *Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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    Amplification and molecular cloning of HTLV-I sequences from DNA of multiple sclerosis patients (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Techniques of gene amplification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis were used to test for the presence of sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 normal individuals. HTLV-I sequences were detected in all six MS patients and in one individual from the control group by DNA blot analysis and molecular cloning of amplified DNAs. The viral sequence in MS patients were associated with adherent cell populations consisting predominantly of monocytes and macrophages. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that these amplified viral sequences were related to the HTLV-I proviral genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, E P -- Sandberg-Wollheim, M -- Mettus, R V -- Ray, P E -- DeFreitas, E -- Koprowski, H -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-11036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):529-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/analysis/microbiology ; Macrophages/analysis/microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes
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    Normal expression of a rearranged and mutated c-myc oncogene after transfection into fibroblasts (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Expression of the c-myc oncogene is deregulated in a variety of malignancies. Rearrangement and mutation of the c-myc locus is a characteristic feature of human Burkitt's lymphoma. Whether deregulation is solely a result of mutation of c-myc or whether it is influenced by the transformed B cell context has not been determined. A translocated and mutated allele of c-myc was stably transfected into fibroblasts. The rearranged allele was expressed indistinguishably from a normal c-myc gene: it had serum-regulated expression, was transcribed with normal promoter preference, and was strongly attenuated. Thus mutations by themselves are insufficient to deregulate c-myc transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richman, A -- Hayday, A -- 40364/PHS HHS/ -- GM 07499/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Mutation ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; *Transfection ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Introduction of human DNA into mouse eggs by injection of dissected chromosome fragments (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-14
    Description: A procedure has been developed for introducing exogenous DNA into mouse eggs by injection of chromosome fragments. Chromosome fragments were dissected from human metaphase spreads and microinjected into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs. Many of the injected eggs subsequently exhibited normal pre- and postimplantation development. Embryos obtained from eggs injected with centromeric fragments retained human centromeric DNA as demonstrated by in situ hybridization analysis. From eggs injected with noncentromeric fragments, a mouse was obtained whose tail tissue exhibited the presence of human DNA. This procedure should facilitate incorporation of very large (more than 10 megabases) DNA fragments into cells and embryos without the need for cloned sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richa, J -- Lo, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 14;245(4914):175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2749254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Centromere ; *Chromosomes, Human ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Metaphase ; Mice ; *Mice, Transgenic ; Microinjections ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovum ; *Transfection
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    Genome mapping goal now in reach (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):424-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human ; DNA/radiation effects ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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    Adipsin and complement factor D activity: an immune-related defect in obesity (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: Adipsin is a serine protease that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream; it is deficient in several animal models of obesity, representing a striking example of defective gene expression in this disorder. Recombinant mouse adipsin was purified and its biochemical and enzymatic properties were studied in order to elucidate the function of this protein. Activated adipsin has little or no proteolytic activity toward most substrates but has the same activity as human complement factor D, cleaving complement factor B when it is complexed with activated complement component C3. Like authentic factor D, adipsin can activate the alternative pathway of complement, resulting in red blood cell lysis. Decreased (58 to 80 percent) complement factor D activity, relative to lean controls, was observed as a common feature of several experimental models of obesity, including the ob/ob, db/db, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-injected mouse and the fa/fa rat. These results suggest that adipsin and the alternative pathway of complement may play an unexpected but important role in the regulation of systemic energy balance in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, B S -- Cook, K S -- Yaglom, J -- Groves, D L -- Volanakis, J E -- Damm, D -- White, T -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK31403/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34605/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1483-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Complement Activating Enzymes/*metabolism ; Complement Factor D/*metabolism ; Complement Pathway, Alternative ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Obesity/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection
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    Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-08
    Description: An understanding of the basic defect in the inherited disorder cystic fibrosis requires cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene and definition of its protein product. In the absence of direct functional information, chromosomal map position is a guide for locating the gene. Chromosome walking and jumping and complementary DNA hybridization were used to isolate DNA sequences, encompassing more than 500,000 base pairs, from the cystic fibrosis region on the long arm of human chromosome 7. Several transcribed sequences and conserved segments were identified in this cloned region. One of these corresponds to the cystic fibrosis gene and spans approximately 250,000 base pairs of genomic DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rommens, J M -- Iannuzzi, M C -- Kerem, B -- Drumm, M L -- Melmer, G -- Dean, M -- Rozmahel, R -- Cole, J L -- Kennedy, D -- Hidaka, N -- DK34944/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK39690/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- N01-CO-74102/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1059-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Chickens ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Cricetinae ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics ; DNA Probes ; Genes, Overlapping ; *Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Restriction Mapping/methods
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    Epithelial cell surfaces induce Salmonella proteins required for bacterial adherence and invasion (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Salmonella bacteria are capable of entering (invading) and multiplying within eukaryotic cells. Stable adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells by S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium were found to require de novo synthesis of several new bacterial proteins. This inducible event appears to be a coordinately regulated system dependent on trypsin- and neuraminidase-sensitive structures present on the epithelial cell surface. Mutants of S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium were unable to synthesize these proteins and did not stably adhere to nor invade eukaryotic cells. Two such S. typhimurium mutants were avirulent in mice, an indication that these proteins are required for Salmonella virulence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finlay, B B -- Heffron, F -- Falkow, S -- AI26195/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):940-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2919285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Adhesion ; Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Cell Line ; Epithelium/physiology ; Kinetics ; Methionine/metabolism ; Salmonella/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Sulfur Radioisotopes
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    Prevention of rapid intracellular degradation of ODC by a carboxyl-terminal truncation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was converted from a protein with a short intracellular half-life in mammalian cells to a stable protein by truncating 37 residues at its carboxyl terminus. Cells expressing wild-type protein lost ODC activity with a half-life of approximately 1 hour. Cells expressing the truncated protein, however, retained full activity for at least 4 hours. Pulse-chase experiments in which immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis were used confirmed the stabilizing effect of the truncation. Thus, a carboxyl-terminal domain is responsible for the rapid intracellular degradation of murine ODC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghoda, L -- van Daalen Wetters, T -- Macrae, M -- Ascherman, D -- Coffino, P -- CA 09043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 29048/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 47721/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1493-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Mice ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
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    Interleukin-2 receptor beta chain gene: generation of three receptor forms by cloned human alpha and beta chain cDNA's (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) binds to two distinct receptor molecules, the IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha, p55) chain and the newly identified IL-2 receptor beta (IL-2R beta, p70-75) chain. The cDNA encoding the human IL-2R beta chain has now been isolated. The overall primary structure of the IL-2R beta chain shows no apparent homology to other known receptors. Unlike the IL-2R alpha chain, the IL-2R beta chain has a large cytoplasmic region in which a functional domain (or domains) mediating an intracellular signal transduction pathway (or pathways) may be embodied. The cDNA-encoded beta chain binds and internalizes IL-2 when expressed on T lymphoid cells but not fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the cDNA gives rise to the generation of high-affinity IL-2 receptor when co-expressed with the IL-2R alpha chain cDNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatakeyama, M -- Tsudo, M -- Minamoto, S -- Kono, T -- Doi, T -- Miyata, T -- Miyasaka, M -- Taniguchi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):551-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Leukemia ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Succinimides ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Identification of a thyroid hormone receptor that is pituitary-specific (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-07
    Description: Three cellular homologs of the v-erbA oncogene were previously identified in the rat; two of them encode high affinity receptors for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). A rat complementary DNA clone encoding a T3 receptor form of the ErbA protein, called r-ErbA beta-2, was isolated. The r-ErbA beta-2 protein differs at its amino terminus from the previously described rat protein encoded by c-erbA beta and referred to as r-ErbA beta-1. Unlike the other members of the c-erbA proto-oncogene family, which have a wide tissue distribution, r-erbA beta-2 appears to be expressed only in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, thyroid hormone downregulates r-erbA beta-2 messenger RNA but not r-erbA beta-1 messenger RNA in a pituitary tumor-derived cell line. The presence of a pituitary-specific form of the thyroid hormone receptor that may be selectively regulated by thyroid hormone could be important for the differential regulation of gene expression by T3 in the pituitary gland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodin, R A -- Lazar, M A -- Wintman, B I -- Darling, D S -- Koenig, R J -- Larsen, P R -- Moore, D D -- Chin, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 7;244(4900):76-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2539642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Organ Specificity ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Rats ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Transfection
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    Structure and specificity of a class II MHC alloreactive gamma delta T cell receptor heterodimer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Two distinct CD3-associated T cell receptors (TCR alpha beta and TCR gamma delta) are expressed in a mutually exclusive fashion on separate subsets of T lymphocytes. While the specificity of the TCR alpha beta repertoire for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is well established, the diversity of expressed gamma delta receptors and the ligands they recognize are less well understood. An alloreactive CD3+CD4-CD8- T cell line specific for murine class II MHC (Ia) antigens encoded in the I-E subregion of the H-2 gene complex was identified, and the primary structure of its gamma delta receptor heterodimer was characterized. In contrast to a TCR alpha beta-expressing alloreactive T cell line selected for similar specificity, the TCR gamma delta line displayed broad cross-reactivity for multiple distinct I-E-encoded allogeneic Ia molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matis, L A -- Fry, A M -- Cron, R Q -- Cotterman, M M -- Dick, R F -- Bluestone, J A -- 5-T32AI07090-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-14599-15/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):746-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2528206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; H-2 Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/*immunology ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Regulatory role for GTP-binding proteins in endocytosis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins have been implicated in the transport of newly synthesized proteins along the secretory pathway of yeast and mammalian cells. Early vesicle fusion events that follow receptor-mediated endocytosis as measured by three in vitro assays were blocked by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and aluminum fluoride. The effect was specific for guanosine nucleotides and depended on the presence of cytosolic factors. Thus, GTP-binding proteins may also have a role in the transport of molecules along the endocytic pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayorga, L S -- Diaz, R -- Stahl, P D -- AI 20015/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 12858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Transport/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell-Free System ; Cytosol/physiology ; Dinitrophenols/immunology/metabolism ; *Endocytosis/drug effects ; Exocytosis ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) ; Guanosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Macrophages/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Membrane Fusion/drug effects ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology
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    Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: an unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor family (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat luteal lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor (LH-CG-R) was isolated with the use of a DNA probe generated in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers based on peptide sequences of purified receptor protein. As would be predicted from the cDNA sequence, the LH-CG-R consists of a 26-residue signal peptide, a 341-residue extracellular domain displaying an internal repeat structure characteristic of members of the leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) family, and a 333-residue region containing seven transmembrane segments. This membrane-spanning region displays sequence similarity with all members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Hence, the LH-CG-R gene may have evolved by recombination of LRG and G protein-coupled receptor genes. Cells engineered to express LH-CG-R cDNA bind human choriogonadotropin with high affinity and show an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate when exposed to hormone. As revealed by RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization, the 4.4-kilobase cognate messenger RNA is prominently localized in the rat ovary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McFarland, K C -- Sprengel, R -- Phillips, H S -- Kohler, M -- Rosemblit, N -- Nikolics, K -- Segaloff, D L -- Seeburg, P H -- HD22196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):494-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Genetech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA Probes ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, LH/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution
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    Expression of high-affinity binding of human immunoglobulin E by transfected cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-04-21
    Description: The receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E (IgE) on mast cells and basophils is critical in initiating allergic reactions. It is composed of an IgE-binding alpha subunit, a beta subunit, and two gamma subunits. The human alpha subunit was expressed on transfected cells in the presence of rat beta and gamma subunits or in the presence of the gamma subunit alone. The IgE binding properties of the expressed human alpha were characteristic of receptors on normal human cells. These results now permit a systematic analysis of human IgE binding and a search for therapeutically useful inhibitors of that binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, L -- Blank, U -- Metzger, H -- Kinet, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):334-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Chemical Immunology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2523561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics/*metabolism ; Basophils/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/*metabolism ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Mast Cells/*immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Fc/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, IgE ; *Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Neural cadherin: role in selective cell-cell adhesion (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: Cadherins are a family of Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion molecules. Complementary DNAs encoding mouse neural cadherin (N-cadherin) were cloned, and the cell binding specificity of this molecule was examined. Mouse N-cadherin shows 92 percent similarity in amino acid sequence to the chicken homolog, while it shows 49 percent and 43 percent similarity to epithelial cadherin and to placental cadherin of the same species, respectively. In cell binding assays, mouse N-cadherin did not cross-react with other mouse cadherins, but it did cross-react with chicken N-cadherin. The results indicate that each cadherin type confers distinct adhesive specificities on different cells, and also that the specificity of N-cadherin is conserved between mammalian and avian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyatani, S -- Shimamura, K -- Hatta, M -- Nagafuchi, A -- Nose, A -- Matsunaga, M -- Hatta, K -- Takeichi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):631-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2762814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue/*analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Tissue Distribution ; Transfection
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    In vivo footprinting of a muscle specific enhancer by ligation mediated PCR (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the developmentally regulated enhancer of the mouse muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene were examined by a newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) footprinting procedure. This ligation mediated, single-sided PCR technique permits the exponential amplification of an entire sequence ladder. Several footprints were detected in terminally differentiated muscle cells where the MCK gene is actively transcribed. None were observed in myogenic cells prior to differentiation or in nonmuscle cells. Two footprints appear to correspond to sites that can bind the myogenic regulator MyoD1 in vitro, whereas two others represent muscle specific use of apparently general factors. Because MyoD1 is synthesized by undifferentiated myoblasts, these data imply that additional regulatory mechanisms must restrict the interaction between this protein and its target site prior to differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, P R -- Wold, B -- GM35526/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR07003/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):780-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Creatine Kinase/*genetics ; DNA/*analysis/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Regulator ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/*enzymology ; *Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factor AP-2 ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Chromosome mapping and expression of a putative testis-determining gene in mouse (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: Isolation and mapping of a mouse complementary DNA sequence (mouse Y-finger) encoding a multiple, potential zinc-binding, finger protein homologous to the candidate human testis-determining factor gene is reported. Four similar sequences were identified in Hind III-digested mouse genomic DNA. Two (7.2 and 2.0 kb) were mapped to the Y chromosome. Only the 2.0-kb fragment, however, was correlated with testis determination. Polymerase chain reaction analysis suggests both Y loci are transcribed in adult testes. A 3.6-kb fragment was mapped to the X chromosome between the T16H and T6R1 translocation breakpoints, and a fourth (6.0 kb) was mapped to chromosome 10. Hence, mYfin sequences have been duplicated several times in the mouse, although they are not duplicated in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagamine, C M -- Chan, K M -- Kozak, C A -- Lau, Y F -- N01-CB-25584/CB/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):80-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; *Genes ; Male ; Metalloproteins/genetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; Testis/*anatomy & histology ; *Transcription, Genetic ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
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    Molecular genetics of human blue cone monochromacy (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Blue cone monochromacy is a rare X-linked disorder of color vision characterized by the absence of both red and green cone sensitivities. In 12 of 12 families carrying this trait, alterations are observed in the red and green visual pigment gene cluster. The alterations fall into two classes. One class arose from the wild type by a two-step pathway consisting of unequal homologous recombination and point mutation. The second class arose by nonhomologous deletion of genomic DNA adjacent to the red and green pigment gene cluster. These deletions define a 579-base pair region that is located 4 kilobases upstream of the red pigment gene and 43 kilobases upstream of the nearest green pigment gene; this 579-base pair region is essential for the activity of both pigment genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, J -- Davenport, C M -- Maumenee, I H -- Lewis, R A -- Hejtmancik, J F -- Litt, M -- Lovrien, E -- Weleber, R -- Bachynski, B -- Zwas, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):831-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinal Pigments/genetics ; Thalassemia/genetics ; X Chromosome
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    Mouse embryonic stem cells and reporter constructs to detect developmentally regulated genes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: A strategy was devised for identifying regions of the mouse genome that are transcriptionally active in a temporally and spatially restricted manner during development. The approach is based on the introduction into embryonic stem cells of two types of lacZ reporter constructs that can be activated by flanking mouse genomic sequences. Embryonic stem cells containing the lacZ constructs were used to produce chimaeric mice. Developmental regulation of lacZ expression occurred at a high frequency. Molecular cloning of the flanking endogenous genes and introduction of these potential insertional mutations into the mouse germ line should provide an efficient means of identifying and mutating novel genes important for the control of mammalian development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gossler, A -- Joyner, A L -- Rossant, J -- Skarnes, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2497519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; Galactosidases/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Germ Cells ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Stem Cells/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Transformation, Genetic ; beta-Galactosidase/*genetics
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    Transfer RNA genes: landmarks for integration of mobile genetic elements in Dictyostelium discoideum (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: In prokaryotes and eukaryotes mobile genetic elements frequently disrupt the highly conservative structures of chromosomes, which are responsible for storage of genetic information. The factors determining the site for integration of such elements are still unknown. Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are associated in a highly significant manner with different putative mobile genetic elements in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. These results suggest that tRNA genes in D. discoideum, and probably tRNA genes generally in lower eukaryotes, may function as genomic landmarks for the integration of different transposable elements in a strictly position-specific manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marschalek, R -- Brechner, T -- Amon-Bohm, E -- Dingermann, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1493-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biochemie der Medizinischen Fakultat, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2567533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dictyostelium/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Lys/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Val/genetics
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  • 77
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    Mechanisms for regulating expression of membrane isoforms of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: Granulocyte and natural killer (NK) cell Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (CD16) differ in only a few amino acids, yet have phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) or polypeptide membrane anchors, respectively. Mutagenesis shows that anchoring is regulated by a serine residue near the PIG anchor attachment site in the extracellular domain. The NK cell isoform was not expressed on the surface of COS cells unless cotransfected with a subunit that was expressed in NK cells and that was identical to the gamma subunit of the high affinity IgE Fc receptor (Fc epsilon RI). However, the CD16 sequence and not expression of the gamma subunit is dominant in regulating PIG reanchoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hibbs, M L -- Selvaraj, P -- Carpen, O -- Springer, T A -- Kuster, H -- Jouvin, M H -- Kinet, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1608-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Granulocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; L Cells (Cell Line)/immunology ; Mice ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/isolation & purification ; Receptors, Fc/*genetics ; Receptors, IgG ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 78
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    Involvement of a leukocyte adhesion receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-induced syncytium formation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: Cell fusion (syncytium formation) is a major cytopathic effect of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and may also represent an important mechanism of CD4+ T-cell depletion in individuals infected with HIV. Syncytium formation requires the interaction of CD4 on the surface of uninfected cells with HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 expressed on HIV-infected cells. However, several observations suggest that molecules other than CD4 play a role in HIV-induced cell fusion. The leukocyte adhesion receptor LFA-1 is involved in a broad range of leukocyte interactions mediated by diverse receptor-ligand systems including CD4-class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Possible mimicry of class II MHC molecules by gp120 in its interaction with CD4 prompted an examination of the role of LFA-1 in HIV-induced cell fusion. A monoclonal antibody against LFA-1 completely inhibited HIV-induced syncytium formation. The antibody did not block binding of gp120 to CD4. This demonstrates that a molecule other than CD4 is also involved in cell fusion mediated by HIV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hildreth, J E -- Orentas, R J -- 5T32CA09243/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1075-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Differentiation/immunology/*physiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; HIV/immunology/*physiology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Retroviridae Proteins/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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  • 79
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    Chromosomal rearrangement generating a composite gene for a developmental transcription factor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Differential gene expression in the mother cell chamber of sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis is determined in part by an RNA polymerase sigma factor called sigma K (or sigma 27). The sigma K factor was assigned as the product of the sporulation gene spoIVCB on the basis of the partial aminoterminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The spoIVCB gene is now shown to be a truncated gene capable of specifying only the amino terminal half of sigma K. The carboxyl terminal half is specified by another sporulation gene, spoIIIC, to which spoIVCB becomes joined inframe at an intermediate stage of sporulation by site-specific recombination within a 5-base pair repeated sequence. Juxtaposition of spoIVCB and spoIIIC need not be reversible in that the mother cell and its chromosome are discarded at the end of the developmental cycle. The rearrangement of chromosomal DNA could account for the presence of sigma K selectively in the mother cell and may be a precedent for the generation of cell type-specific regulatory proteins in other developmental systems where cells undergo terminal differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stragier, P -- Kunkel, B -- Kroos, L -- Losick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):507-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Sigma Factor/genetics ; Spores, Bacterial ; Transcription Factors/*genetics
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  • 80
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    T cell receptor gene trans-rearrangements: chimeric gamma-delta genes in normal lymphoid tissues (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: Joining of V-, D-, and J-region gene segments during DNA rearrangements within all antigen receptor genes involves recognition of the same highly conserved heptamernonamer sequences flanking each segment. In order to investigate the possibility that recognition of these conserved sequences may sometimes permit intergenic joining of segments among different antigen receptor genes, DNA of normal human lymphoid tissues was examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification for the presence of chimeric gamma-delta T cell receptor gene rearrangements. These studies detected V gamma-(D delta)-J delta and V delta-(D delta)-J gamma rearrangements in thymus, peripheral blood, and tonsil. Analysis of thymus RNA indicated that many of these rearrangements are expressed as V gamma-(D delta)-J delta-C delta and V delta-(D delta)-J gamma-C gamma transcripts. Most transcripts (19 of 20 complementary DNA clones studied) are appropriately spliced and show correct open translational reading frames across the V-(D)-J junctions. Thus, chimeric antigen receptor genes are generated in a subset of normal lymphoid cells, probably as a result of chromosomal translocations, and such genes may possibly contribute to increased diversity within the antigen receptor repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tycko, B -- Palmer, J D -- Sklar, J -- CA38621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1242-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2551037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Gene Amplification ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; *Lymphoid Tissue ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Thymus Gland
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  • 81
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    Dynamic expression pattern of the myc protooncogene in midgestation mouse embryos (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-01-13
    Description: The c-myc protooncogene in mouse embryos was shown by RNA in situ hybridization to be preferentially expressed in tissues of endodermal and mesodermal origin. Most organs developing from the ectoderm, such as skin, brain, and spinal cord, displayed low levels of c-myc RNA. The thymus represented the only hematopoietic organ with high c-myc expression. In organs and structures strongly hybridizing to c-myc probes, for example the fetal part of the placenta, gut, liver, kidney, pancreas, submandibular glands, enamel organs of the molars, and skeletal cartilage, the level of expression depended on the stage of development. Expression was observed to be correlated with proliferation, particularly during expansion and folding of partially differentiated epithelial cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, P -- Schulz, W A -- Hameister, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):226-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung Klinische Genetik, Universitat Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Organ Specificity ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA Probes ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 82
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    The molecular basis of muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse: a point mutation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: The mdx mouse is an X-linked myopathic mutant, an animal model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In both mouse and man the mutations lie within the dystrophin gene, but the phenotypic differences of the disease in the two species confer much interest on the molecular basis of the mdx mutation. The complementary DNA for mouse dystrophin has been cloned, and the sequence has been used in the polymerase chain reaction to amplify normal and mdx dystrophin transcripts in the area of the mdx mutation. Sequence analysis of the amplification products showed that the mdx mouse has a single base substitution within an exon, which causes premature termination of the polypeptide chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sicinski, P -- Geng, Y -- Ryder-Cook, A S -- Barnard, E A -- Darlison, M G -- Barnard, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1578-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Unit, MRC Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2662404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Dystrophin ; Exons ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phenotype
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  • 83
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    Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Godolphin, W -- Jones, L A -- Holt, J A -- Wong, S G -- Keith, D E -- Levin, W J -- Stuart, S G -- Udove, J -- Ullrich, A -- CA 36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, U.C.L.A. School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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  • 84
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    Regulation of proenkephalin by Fos and Jun (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: Fos and Jun form a heterodimeric complex that associates with the nucleotide sequence motif known as the AP-1 binding site. Although this complex has been proposed to function as a transcriptional regulator in neurons, no specific target gene has yet been identified. Proenkephalin mRNA increased in the hippocampus during seizure just after an increase in c-fos and c-jun expression was detected. Fos-Jun complexes bound specifically to a regulatory sequence in the 5' control region of the proenkephalin gene. Furthermore, c-fos and c-jun stimulated transcription from this control region synergistically in transactivation assays. These data suggest that the proenkephalin gene may be a physiological target for Fos and Jun in the hippocampus and indicate that these proto-oncogene transcription factors may play a role in neuronal responses to stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonnenberg, J L -- Rauscher, F J 3rd -- Morgan, J I -- Curran, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2512642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Enkephalins/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Teratoma ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 85
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    Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: Amyloid deposition in senile plaques and the cerebral vasculature is a marker of Alzheimer's disease. Whether amyloid itself contributes to the neurodegenerative process or is simply a by-product of that process is unknown. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) and fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cell lines were transfected with portions of the gene for the human amyloid precursor protein. Stable PC12 cell transfectants expressing a specific amyloid-containing fragment of the precursor protein gradually degenerated when induced to differentiate into neuronal cells with nerve growth factor. Conditioned medium from these cells was toxic to neurons in primary hippocampal cultures, and the toxic agent could be removed by immunoabsorption with an antibody directed against the amyloid polypeptide. Thus, a peptide derived from the amyloid precursor may be neurotoxic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yankner, B A -- Dawes, L R -- Fisher, S -- Villa-Komaroff, L -- Oster-Granite, M L -- Neve, R L -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 18658/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 01240/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):417-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2474201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*etiology/pathology ; Amyloid/genetics/*physiology ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Neurons/pathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Pheochromocytoma ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*physiology ; RNA/analysis/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 86
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    Histone H5 in the control of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-07-07
    Description: The linker histones (H1, H5, H1 degrees) are involved in the condensation of chromatin into the 30-nanometer fiber. This supranucleosome organization correlates with the resting state of chromatin, and it is therefore possible that the linker histones play an active role in the control of chromatin activity. The effect of H5 has been directly determined by expression of an inducible transfected H5 gene in rat sarcoma cells, which do not produce H5. Transfection resulted in the reversible inhibition of DNA replication and arrest of cells in G1, at which time H5 concentrations approached that of terminally differentiated avian erythrocytes. The arrest of proliferation was accompanied by specific changes in gene expression probably related to the cell cycle block. The selectivity of these effects suggest that H5 plays an active role in the control of DNA replication and cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, J M -- Wiaderkiewicz, R -- Ruiz-Carrillo, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 7;245(4913):68-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Center, Laval University School of Medicine, L'Hotel-Dieu du Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; *DNA Replication ; Histones/genetics/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sarcoma, Experimental ; Transfection
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  • 87
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    The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4 (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-07-21
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) selectively infects cells expressing the CD4 molecule, resulting in substantial quantitative and qualitative defects in CD4+ T lymphocyte function in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, only a very small number of cells in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected individuals are expressing virus at any given time. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vitro infection of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 results in downregulation of CD4 expression such that CD4 protein is no longer detectable on the surface of the infected cells. In the present study, highly purified subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AIDS patients were obtained and purified by fluorescence-automated cell sorting. They were examined with the methodologies of virus isolation by limiting dilution analysis, in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and gene amplification. Within PBMCs, HIV-1 was expressed in vivo predominantly in the T cell subpopulation which, in contrast to the in vitro observations, continued to express CD4. The precursor frequency of these HIV-1-expressing cells was about 1/1000 CD4+ T cells. The CD4+ T cell population contained HIV-1 DNA in all HIV-1-infected individuals studied and the frequency in AIDS patients was at least 1/100 cells. This high level of infection may be the primary cause for the progressive decline in number and function of CD4+ T cells in patients with AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schnittman, S M -- Psallidopoulos, M C -- Lane, H C -- Thompson, L -- Baseler, M -- Massari, F -- Fox, C H -- Salzman, N P -- Fauci, A S -- N01-CO-74102/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):305-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2665081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cell Separation ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Amplification ; HIV-1/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology
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  • 88
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    Amplification of a gene related to mammalian mdr genes in drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains at least two genes related to the mammalian multiple drug resistance genes, and at least one of the P. falciparum genes is expressed at a higher level and is present in higher copy number in a strain that is resistant to multiple drugs than in a strain that is sensitive to the drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, C M -- Serrano, A E -- Wasley, A -- Bogenschutz, M P -- Shankar, A H -- Wirth, D F -- 1F23 AI07801-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1K11 AI00892-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1184-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Tropical Public Health Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; *Gene Amplification ; Invertebrate Hormones/*genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Specific expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes before entry into meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: The expression of proto-oncogenes representative of several functional categories has been investigated during development of mouse male germ cells. The c-raf proto-oncogene and three members of the c-ras gene family were expressed in mitotically active stem cells, throughout the prophase of meiosis and to varying extents in post-meiotic cell types. In contrast, the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc were specifically expressed at high levels in type B spermatogonia. High levels of c-myc and c-jun RNAs were also detected in spermatocytes early in the prophase of meiosis. The type B spermatogonia represent the last mitotic cell division before entry into meiotic prophase; therefore, these nuclear proto-oncogenes may be involved in altering programs of gene expression at this developmental transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfes, H -- Kogawa, K -- Millette, C F -- Cooper, G M -- CA 21082/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD 15269/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):740-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/analysis ; Spermatids/metabolism ; Spermatocytes/metabolism ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/analysis/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 90
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    Unusual pattern of accumulation of mRNA encoding EGF-related protein in sea urchin embryos (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) messenger RNA encoding a protein (SpEGF2) related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was identified. The full-length complementary DNA sequence predicts a protein with an unusually simple structure, including four tandem EGF-like repeats and a hydrophobic leader, but lacking a potential transmembrane domain. Sequence similarities suggest that the peptides are homologous to two peptides from a different sea urchin species, which cause a classic developmental defect, exogastrulation, when added to the seawater outside of embryos. The SpEGF2 messenger RNA begins to accumulate at blastula stage, and in pluteus larvae it is distributed in discrete regions of ectoderm that are not congruent with known histological borders. One region corresponds to that expressing the homeodomain-containing protein, SpHbox1. The structure of the SpEGF2 protein and the pattern of accumulation of its messenger RNA suggest that it may have important functions as a secreted factor during development of sea urchin embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Q -- Angerer, L M -- Angerer, R C -- GM25553/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD602/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):806-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Codon/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/*biosynthesis ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sea Urchins/embryology/*genetics
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  • 91
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    Amyloid beta protein precursor is possibly a heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-08
    Description: The amyloid beta protein peptide is a major constituent of amyloid plaque cores in Alzheimer's disease and is apparently derived from a higher molecular weight precursor. It is now shown that the core protein of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan secreted from a nerve cell line (PC12) has an amino acid sequence and a size very similar to those of the amyloid beta protein precursor and that these molecules are antigenically related. This amyloid beta protein precursor-related protein is not found in the conditioned medium of a variant cell line (F3 PC12) that does not secrete heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The synaptic localization and metabolism of this class of proteoglycans are consistent with its potential involvement in central nervous system dysfunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schubert, D -- Schroeder, R -- LaCorbiere, M -- Saitoh, T -- Cole, G -- AG 05131/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F2 AG 05424A/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS 09658/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2968652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glycosaminoglycans/*metabolism ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; Heparitin Sulfate/*metabolism ; Immunologic Techniques ; Peptide Fragments ; Proteoglycans/*metabolism ; Rats ; Viral Core Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 92
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    Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene expression in normal and diseased human muscle (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-03-18
    Description: A probe for the 5' end of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene was used to study expression of the gene in normal human muscle, myogenic cell cultures, and muscle from patients with DMD. Expression was found in RNA from normal fetal muscle, adult cardiac and skeletal muscle, and cultured muscle after myoblast fusion. In DMD muscle, expression of this portion of the gene was also revealed by in situ RNA hybridization, particularly in regenerating muscle fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, M O -- Sylvester, J E -- Heiman-Patterson, T -- Shi, Y J -- Fieles, W -- Stedman, H -- Burghes, A -- Ray, P -- Worton, R -- Fischbeck, K H -- GM32592/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS08075/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Mar 18;239(4846):1418-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurology Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2450401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Muscles/embryology/*metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Regeneration ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 93
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    Unexpectedly high levels of HIV-1 RNA and protein synthesis in a cytocidal infection (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: The expression of a laboratory strain of HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB) has been studied in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and in two lymphoid cell lines (CEM cells and C8166 cells). HIV-expressing cells contained from 300,000 to 2,500,000 copies of viral RNA per cell. Near-synchronous expression of an active infection could be achieved in C8166 cells. In these cells, the high copy numbers of viral RNA used as much as 40% of total protein synthesis for the production of viral gag protein, with high levels of viral RNA and protein synthesis preceding cell death by 2 to 4 days.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Somasundaran, M -- Robinson, H L -- AI 24474/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- N01-HB-6-7022/HB/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; HIV-1/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes/*microbiology ; RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis ; Viral Proteins/*biosynthesis
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  • 94
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    Blocking of EGF-dependent cell proliferation by EGF receptor kinase inhibitors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-11
    Description: A systematic series of low molecular weight protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors were synthesized; they had progressively increasing affinity over a 2500-fold range toward the substrate site of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase domain. These compounds inhibited EGF receptor kinase activity up to three orders of magnitude more than they inhibited insulin receptor kinase, and they also effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent autophosphorylation of the receptor. The most potent compounds effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent proliferation of A431/clone 15 cells with little or no effect on the EGF-independent proliferation of these cells. The potential use of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors as antiproliferative agents is demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yaish, P -- Gazit, A -- Gilon, C -- Levitzki, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):933-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3263702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 95
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    Cloning and expression of the human interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFN beta 2) receptor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-12
    Description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6/BSF-2/IFN beta 2) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates the growth and differentiation of various tissues, and is known particularly for its role in the immune response and acute phase reactions. A complementary DNA encoding the human IL-6 receptor (IL-6-R) has now been isolated. The IL-6-R consists of 468 amino acids, including a signal peptide of approximately 19 amino acids and a domain of approximately 90 amino acids that is similar to a domain in the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. The cytoplasmic domain of approximately 82 amino acids lacks a tyrosine/kinase domain, unlike other growth factor receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamasaki, K -- Taga, T -- Hirata, Y -- Yawata, H -- Kawanishi, Y -- Seed, B -- Taniguchi, T -- Hirano, T -- Kishimoto, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 12;241(4867):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3136546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 96
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    Insulin-resistant diabetes due to a point mutation that prevents insulin proreceptor processing (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: A point mutation in the human insulin receptor gene in a patient with type A insulin resistance alters the amino acid sequence within the tetrabasic processing site of the proreceptor molecule from Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg to Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from this patient synthesize an insulin receptor precursor that is normally glycosylated and inserted into the plasma membrane but is not cleaved to mature alpha and beta subunits. Insulin binding to these cells is severely reduced but can be increased about fivefold by gentle treatment with trypsin, accompanied by the appearance of normal alpha subunits. These results indicate that proteolysis of the proreceptor is necessary for its normal full insulin-binding sensitivity and signal-transducing activity and that a cellular protease that is more stringent in its specificity than trypsin is required to process the receptor precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimasa, Y -- Seino, S -- Whittaker, J -- Kakehi, T -- Kosaki, A -- Kuzuya, H -- Imura, H -- Bell, G I -- Steiner, D F -- AM 13914/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20595/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):784-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics/metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
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  • 97
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    Translation of unspliced transcripts after heat shock (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: Severe heat shocks block the splicing of intervening sequences from messenger RNA precursors. The RNA's that accumulate after a severe heat shock have normal transcription start sites and are uncut at both their 5' and 3' splice junctions. Some of these unspliced transcripts leave the nucleus and enter the pool of cytoplasmic messenger RNA. Translation of these RNA's proceeds into their intervening sequences, resulting in the production of abnormal proteins. Thus, the repression of normal transcription, which usually accompanies the heat shock response, may protect the cell from the large-scale synthesis of abnormal RNA's and aberrant proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yost, H J -- Lindquist, S -- GM25784/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1544-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA Probes ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Introns ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 98
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    Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-16
    Description: Protein extracts derived from bone can initiate the process that begins with cartilage formation and ends in de novo bone formation. The critical components of this extract, termed bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), that direct cartilage and bone formation as well as the constitutive elements supplied by the animal during this process have long remained unclear. Amino acid sequence has been derived from a highly purified preparation of BMP from bovine bone. Now, human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained. Each of the three (BMP-1, BMP-2A, and BMP-3) appears to be independently capable of inducing the formation of cartilage in vivo. Two of the encoded proteins (BMP-2A and BMP-3) are new members of the TGF-beta supergene family, while the third, BMP-1, appears to be a novel regulatory molecule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wozney, J M -- Rosen, V -- Celeste, A J -- Mitsock, L M -- Whitters, M J -- Kriz, R W -- Hewick, R M -- Wang, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 16;242(4885):1528-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tissue Growth and Repair Program, Genetics Institute, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Cartilage/cytology/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Osteogenesis ; Proteins/*genetics/pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors/genetics
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  • 99
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    Antibodies to Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp can inhibit transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: The signal sequence of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen for translocation into the nucleus is composed of positively charged amino acids Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys. Rabbit antibodies to a synthetic peptide containing the negatively charged amino acid sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence of the antigens recognized by the antibody was punctate at the nuclear rim or the nuclear surface, depending on the plane of focus. The antibody blocked transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. The antigens recognized by the antibody were predominantly localized to the nuclear pores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, Y -- Imamoto-Sonobe, N -- Matsuoka, Y -- Iwamoto, R -- Kiho, Y -- Uchida, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):275-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3051382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; Biological Transport ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nucleoplasmins ; Oligopeptides/immunology/*physiology ; *Phosphoproteins ; Protein Sorting Signals/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 100
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    Second cytotoxic pathway of diphtheria toxin suggested by nuclease activity (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Description: Diphtheria toxin (DTx) provokes extensive internucleosomal degradation of DNA before cell lysis. The possibility that DNA cleavage stems from direct chromosomal attack by intracellular toxin molecules was tested by in vitro assays for a DTx-associated nuclease activity. DTx incubated with DNA in solution or in a DNA-gel assay showed Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated nuclease activity. This activity proved susceptible to inhibition by specific antitoxin and migrated with fragment A of the toxin. Assays in which supercoiled double-stranded DNA was used revealed rapid endonucleolytic attack. Discovery of a DTx-associated nuclease activity lends support to the model that DTx-induced cell lysis is not a simple consequence of protein synthesis inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, M P -- Baldwin, R L -- Bruce, C -- Wisnieski, B J -- 2 T32 HL07386/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- CA-09056/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM22240/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 1;246(4934):1165-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Diphtheria Toxin/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Magnesium/pharmacology
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