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  • 101
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-07
    Beschreibung: Mapping protein sequence space is a difficult problem that necessitates the analysis of 20(N) combinations for sequences of length N. We systematically mapped the sequence space of four key residues in the Escherichia coli protein kinase PhoQ that drive recognition of its substrate PhoP. We generated a library containing all 160,000 variants of PhoQ at these positions and used a two-step selection coupled to next-generation sequencing to identify 1659 functional variants. Our results reveal extensive degeneracy in the PhoQ-PhoP interface and epistasis, with the effect of individual substitutions often highly dependent on context. Together, epistasis and the genetic code create a pattern of connectivity of functional variants in sequence space that likely constrains PhoQ evolution. Consequently, the diversity of PhoQ orthologs is substantially lower than that of functional PhoQ variants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Podgornaia, Anna I -- Laub, Michael T -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):673-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1257360.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computational & Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. laub@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence/genetics ; *Epistasis, Genetic ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Library ; *Genetic Code ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Selection, Genetic ; Substrate Specificity/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 102
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-23
    Beschreibung: The 5' leader of the HIV-1 genome contains conserved elements that direct selective packaging of the unspliced, dimeric viral RNA into assembling particles. By using a (2)H-edited nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach, we determined the structure of a 155-nucleotide region of the leader that is independently capable of directing packaging (core encapsidation signal; Psi(CES)). The RNA adopts an unexpected tandem three-way junction structure, in which residues of the major splice donor and translation initiation sites are sequestered by long-range base pairing and guanosines essential for both packaging and high-affinity binding to the cognate Gag protein are exposed in helical junctions. The structure reveals how translation is attenuated, Gag binding promoted, and unspliced dimeric genomes selected, by the RNA conformer that directs packaging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492308/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492308/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keane, Sarah C -- Heng, Xiao -- Lu, Kun -- Kharytonchyk, Siarhei -- Ramakrishnan, Venkateswaran -- Carter, Gregory -- Barton, Shawn -- Hosic, Azra -- Florwick, Alyssa -- Santos, Justin -- Bolden, Nicholas C -- McCowin, Sayo -- Case, David A -- Johnson, Bruce A -- Salemi, Marco -- Telesnitsky, Alice -- Summers, Michael F -- 2T34 GM008663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM 103297/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM103297/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042561/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM42561/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):917-21. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. ; One Moon Scientific, Incorporated, 839 Grant Avenue, Westfield, NJ 07090, USA, and City University of New York (CUNY) Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA. summers@hhmi.umbc.edu ateles@umich.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. summers@hhmi.umbc.edu ateles@umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Genome, Viral ; Guanosine/chemistry ; HIV-1/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics ; *Virus Assembly ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 103
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-27
    Beschreibung: Light-gated rhodopsin cation channels from chlorophyte algae have transformed neuroscience research through their use as membrane-depolarizing optogenetic tools for targeted photoactivation of neuron firing. Photosuppression of neuronal action potentials has been limited by the lack of equally efficient tools for membrane hyperpolarization. We describe anion channel rhodopsins (ACRs), a family of light-gated anion channels from cryptophyte algae that provide highly sensitive and efficient membrane hyperpolarization and neuronal silencing through light-gated chloride conduction. ACRs strictly conducted anions, completely excluding protons and larger cations, and hyperpolarized the membrane of cultured animal cells with much faster kinetics at less than one-thousandth of the light intensity required by the most efficient currently available optogenetic proteins. Natural ACRs provide optogenetic inhibition tools with unprecedented light sensitivity and temporal precision.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764398/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764398/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Govorunova, Elena G -- Sineshchekov, Oleg A -- Janz, Roger -- Liu, Xiaoqin -- Spudich, John L -- R01 GM027750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM027750/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21MH098288/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- S10RR022531/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):647-50. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7484. Epub 2015 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Chloride Channels/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Cryptophyta/genetics/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Membrane Potentials/physiology/*radiation effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/physiology/*radiation effects ; Optogenetics/*methods ; Photic Stimulation ; Phylogeny ; Rhodopsins, Microbial/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 104
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-13
    Beschreibung: The shortage of organs for transplantation is a major barrier to the treatment of organ failure. Although porcine organs are considered promising, their use has been checked by concerns about the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) to humans. Here we describe the eradication of all PERVs in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15). We first determined the PK15 PERV copy number to be 62. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we disrupted all copies of the PERV pol gene and demonstrated a 〉1000-fold reduction in PERV transmission to human cells, using our engineered cells. Our study shows that CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexability can be as high as 62 and demonstrates the possibility that PERVs can be inactivated for clinical application of porcine-to-human xenotransplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Luhan -- Guell, Marc -- Niu, Dong -- George, Haydy -- Lesha, Emal -- Grishin, Dennis -- Aach, John -- Shrock, Ellen -- Xu, Weihong -- Poci, Jurgen -- Cortazio, Rebeca -- Wilkinson, Robert A -- Fishman, Jay A -- Church, George -- P50 HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1101-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1191. Epub 2015 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu luhan.yang@egenesisbio.com. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26456528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genes, pol ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Retroviridae Infections/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; *Virus Inactivation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 105
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15
    Beschreibung: Most spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) result from replication-fork breakage. Break-induced replication (BIR), a genome rearrangement-prone repair mechanism that requires the Pol32/POLD3 subunit of eukaryotic DNA Poldelta, was proposed to repair broken forks, but how genome destabilization is avoided was unknown. We show that broken fork repair initially uses error-prone Pol32-dependent synthesis, but that mutagenic synthesis is limited to within a few kilobases from the break by Mus81 endonuclease and a converging fork. Mus81 suppresses template switches between both homologous sequences and diverged human Alu repetitive elements, highlighting its importance for stability of highly repetitive genomes. We propose that lack of a timely converging fork or Mus81 may propel genome instability observed in cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayle, Ryan -- Campbell, Ian M -- Beck, Christine R -- Yu, Yang -- Wilson, Marenda -- Shaw, Chad A -- Bjergbaek, Lotte -- Lupski, James R -- Ira, Grzegorz -- F31 NS083159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- GM080600/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG006542/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- NS058529/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS083159/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080600/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS058529/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006542/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):742-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8391.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus 8000, Denmark. ; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Pediatrics, and Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. gira@bcm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alu Elements ; Base Sequence ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; DNA Replication/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Endonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; *Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 106
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) synthesize mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins that are critical for mitochondrial function. Here we present the complete atomic structure of the porcine 55S mitoribosome at 3.8 angstrom resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry. The structure of the 28S subunit in the complex was resolved at 3.6 angstrom resolution by focused alignment, which allowed building of a detailed atomic structure including all of its 15 mitoribosomal-specific proteins. The structure reveals the intersubunit contacts in the 55S mitoribosome, the molecular architecture of the mitoribosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) binding channel and its interaction with transfer RNAs, and provides insight into the highly specialized mechanism of mRNA recruitment to the 28S subunit. Furthermore, the structure contributes to a mechanistic understanding of aminoglycoside ototoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greber, Basil J -- Bieri, Philipp -- Leibundgut, Marc -- Leitner, Alexander -- Aebersold, Ruedi -- Boehringer, Daniel -- Ban, Nenad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):303-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3872. Epub 2015 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ban@mol.biol.ethz.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aminoglycosides/chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Binding Sites ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Membranes/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosome Subunits, Large/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Swine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 107
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-06
    Beschreibung: The detailed molecular interactions between native HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) hexamers that shield the viral genome and proteins have been elusive. We report crystal structures describing interactions between CA monomers related by sixfold symmetry within hexamers (intrahexamer) and threefold and twofold symmetry between neighboring hexamers (interhexamer). The structures describe how CA builds hexagonal lattices, the foundation of mature capsids. Lattice structure depends on an adaptable hydration layer modulating interactions among CA molecules. Disruption of this layer alters interhexamer interfaces, highlighting an inherent structural variability. A CA-targeting antiviral affects capsid stability by binding across CA molecules and subtly altering interhexamer interfaces remote to the ligand-binding site. Inherent structural plasticity, hydration layer rearrangement, and effector binding affect capsid stability and have functional implications for the retroviral life cycle.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584149/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584149/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gres, Anna T -- Kirby, Karen A -- KewalRamani, Vineet N -- Tanner, John J -- Pornillos, Owen -- Sarafianos, Stefan G -- AI076119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI099284/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI100890/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI112417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI120860/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM066087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM103368/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM103368/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI099284/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI100890/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI120860/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM066087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI112417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):99-103. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5936. Epub 2015 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ; Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. ; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. sarafianoss@missouri.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26044298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HIV-1/*chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*chemistry/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 108
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-25
    Beschreibung: In cells, biosynthetic machinery coordinates protein synthesis and folding to optimize efficiency and minimize off-pathway outcomes. However, it has been difficult to delineate experimentally the mechanisms responsible. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we studied cotranslational folding of the first nucleotide-binding domain from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. During synthesis, folding occurred discretely via sequential compaction of N-terminal, alpha-helical, and alpha/beta-core subdomains. Moreover, the timing of these events was critical; premature alpha-subdomain folding prevented subsequent core formation. This process was facilitated by modulating intrinsic folding propensity in three distinct ways: delaying alpha-subdomain compaction, facilitating beta-strand intercalation, and optimizing translation kinetics via codon usage. Thus, de novo folding is translationally tuned by an integrated cellular response that shapes the cotranslational folding landscape at critical stages of synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Soo Jung -- Yoon, Jae Seok -- Shishido, Hideki -- Yang, Zhongying -- Rooney, LeeAnn A -- Barral, Jose M -- Skach, William R -- P30CA069533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30EYE010572/PHS HHS/ -- R01DK51818/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01GM53457/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10OD012246/OD/NIH HHS/ -- S10RR025571/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):444-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA. ; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550-0620, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550-0620, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. skachw@ohsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Codon/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance ; Regulator/*biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Ribosomes/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 109
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-24
    Beschreibung: Chemokines and their receptors control cell migration during development, immune system responses, and in numerous diseases, including inflammation and cancer. The structural basis of receptor:chemokine recognition has been a long-standing unanswered question due to the challenges of structure determination for membrane protein complexes. Here, we report the crystal structure of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in complex with the viral chemokine antagonist vMIP-II at 3.1 angstrom resolution. The structure revealed a 1:1 stoichiometry and a more extensive binding interface than anticipated from the paradigmatic two-site model. The structure helped rationalize a large body of mutagenesis data and together with modeling provided insights into CXCR4 interactions with its endogenous ligand CXCL12, its ability to recognize diverse ligands, and the specificity of CC and CXC receptors for their respective chemokines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4362693/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4362693/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qin, Ling -- Kufareva, Irina -- Holden, Lauren G -- Wang, Chong -- Zheng, Yi -- Zhao, Chunxia -- Fenalti, Gustavo -- Wu, Huixian -- Han, Gye Won -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Handel, Tracy M -- ACB-12002/PHS HHS/ -- AGM-12006/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM071872/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM081763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI101687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM094612/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1117-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1261064. Epub 2015 Jan 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. thandel@ucsd.edu stevens@usc.edu ikufareva@ucsd.edu. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute. Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute. ; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute. Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. thandel@ucsd.edu stevens@usc.edu ikufareva@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25612609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemokine CXCL12/chemistry ; Chemokines/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Multimerization ; Receptors, CXCR4/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Structural Homology, Protein
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  • 110
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-01
    Beschreibung: The inefficient clearance of dying cells can lead to abnormal immune responses, such as unresolved inflammation and autoimmune conditions. We show that tumor suppressor p53 controls signaling-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells through its target, Death Domain1alpha (DD1alpha), which suggests that p53 promotes both the proapoptotic pathway and postapoptotic events. DD1alpha appears to function as an engulfment ligand or receptor that engages in homophilic intermolecular interaction at intercellular junctions of apoptotic cells and macrophages, unlike other typical scavenger receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the surface of dead cells. DD1alpha-deficient mice showed in vivo defects in clearing dying cells, which led to multiple organ damage indicative of immune dysfunction. p53-induced expression of DD1alpha thus prevents persistence of cell corpses and ensures efficient generation of precise immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoon, Kyoung Wan -- Byun, Sanguine -- Kwon, Eunjeong -- Hwang, So-Young -- Chu, Kiki -- Hiraki, Masatsugu -- Jo, Seung-Hee -- Weins, Astrid -- Hakroush, Samy -- Cebulla, Angelika -- Sykes, David B -- Greka, Anna -- Mundel, Peter -- Fisher, David E -- Mandinova, Anna -- Lee, Sam W -- CA142805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA149477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK062472/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK091218/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK093378/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK57683/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- S10RR027673/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):1261669. doi: 10.1126/science.1261669.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. swlee@mgh.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics/*immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phagocytosis/*immunology ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 111
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-15
    Beschreibung: Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early elongation is a critical step in transcriptional regulation in metazoan cells. Paused Pol II release is thought to require the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) for the phosphorylation of DRB sensitivity-inducing factor, negative elongation factor, and C-terminal domain (CTD) serine-2 of Pol II. We found that Pol II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) is a critical regulator of paused Pol II release, that positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) directly regulates the initial recruitment of PAF1 complex (PAF1C) to genes, and that the subsequent recruitment of CDK12 is dependent on PAF1C. These findings reveal cooperativity among P-TEFb, PAF1C, and CDK12 in pausing release and Pol II CTD phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Ming -- Yang, Wenjing -- Ni, Ting -- Tang, Zhanyun -- Nakadai, Tomoyoshi -- Zhu, Jun -- Roeder, Robert G -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1383-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China. ; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. roeder@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Elongation, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 112
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-25
    Beschreibung: The Protoaurignacian culture is pivotal to the debate about the timing of the arrival of modern humans in western Europe and the demise of Neandertals. However, which group is responsible for this culture remains uncertain. We investigated dental remains associated with the Protoaurignacian. The lower deciduous incisor from Riparo Bombrini is modern human, based on its morphology. The upper deciduous incisor from Grotta di Fumane contains ancient mitochondrial DNA of a modern human type. These teeth are the oldest human remains in an Aurignacian-related archaeological context, confirming that by 41,000 calendar years before the present, modern humans bearing Protoaurignacian culture spread into southern Europe. Because the last Neandertals date to 41,030 to 39,260 calendar years before the present, we suggest that the Protoaurignacian triggered the demise of Neandertals in this area.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benazzi, S -- Slon, V -- Talamo, S -- Negrino, F -- Peresani, M -- Bailey, S E -- Sawyer, S -- Panetta, D -- Vicino, G -- Starnini, E -- Mannino, M A -- Salvadori, P A -- Meyer, M -- Paabo, S -- Hublin, J-J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):793-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2773. Epub 2015 Apr 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. stefano.benazzi@unibo.it. ; Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ; Dipartimento di Antichita, Filosofia, Storia e Geografia, Universita di Genova, Via Balbi 2, 16126 Genova, Italy. ; Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, Universita di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy. ; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy. ; Museo Archeologico del Finale, Chiostri di Santa Caterina, 17024 Finale Ligure Borgo, Italy. ; Scuola di Scienze Umanistiche, Dipartimento di Studi Storici, Universita di Torino, via S. Ottavio 20, 10124 Torino, Italy. Museo Preistorico Nazionale dei Balzi Rossi, Via Balzi Rossi 9, 18039 Ventimiglia, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Archaeology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; *Extinction, Biological ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Humans ; Incisor/anatomy & histology/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neanderthals/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Tooth, Deciduous/anatomy & histology/chemistry
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  • 113
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-01
    Beschreibung: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) constitutes the sole gateway for bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport. We present the reconstitution and interdisciplinary analyses of the ~425-kilodalton inner ring complex (IRC), which forms the central transport channel and diffusion barrier of the NPC, revealing its interaction network and equimolar stoichiometry. The Nsp1*Nup49*Nup57 channel nucleoporin heterotrimer (CNT) attaches to the IRC solely through the adaptor nucleoporin Nic96. The CNT*Nic96 structure reveals that Nic96 functions as an assembly sensor that recognizes the three-dimensional architecture of the CNT, thereby mediating the incorporation of a defined CNT state into the NPC. We propose that the IRC adopts a relatively rigid scaffold that recruits the CNT to primarily form the diffusion barrier of the NPC, rather than enabling channel dilation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuwe, Tobias -- Bley, Christopher J -- Thierbach, Karsten -- Petrovic, Stefan -- Schilbach, Sandra -- Mayo, Daniel J -- Perriches, Thibaud -- Rundlet, Emily J -- Jeon, Young E -- Collins, Leslie N -- Huber, Ferdinand M -- Lin, Daniel H -- Paduch, Marcin -- Koide, Akiko -- Lu, Vincent -- Fischer, Jessica -- Hurt, Ed -- Koide, Shohei -- Kossiakoff, Anthony A -- Hoelz, Andre -- ACB-12002/PHS HHS/ -- AGM-12006/PHS HHS/ -- P30-CA014599/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM090324/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01-GM094588/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54-GM087519/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):56-64. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9176. Epub 2015 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. hoelz@caltech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26316600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Chaetomium/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Pore/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 114
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-19
    Beschreibung: A wide variety of RNAs encode small open-reading-frame (smORF/sORF) peptides, but their functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that Drosophila polished-rice (pri) sORF peptides trigger proteasome-mediated protein processing, converting the Shavenbaby (Svb) transcription repressor into a shorter activator. A genome-wide RNA interference screen identifies an E2-E3 ubiquitin-conjugating complex, UbcD6-Ubr3, which targets Svb to the proteasome in a pri-dependent manner. Upon interaction with Ubr3, Pri peptides promote the binding of Ubr3 to Svb. Ubr3 can then ubiquitinate the Svb N terminus, which is degraded by the proteasome. The C-terminal domains protect Svb from complete degradation and ensure appropriate processing. Our data show that Pri peptides control selectivity of Ubr3 binding, which suggests that the family of sORF peptides may contain an extended repertoire of protein regulators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanet, J -- Benrabah, E -- Li, T -- Pelissier-Monier, A -- Chanut-Delalande, H -- Ronsin, B -- Bellen, H J -- Payre, F -- Plaza, S -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 18;349(6254):1356-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Biologie du Developpement, Universite de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Batiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. CNRS, UMR5547, Centre de Biologie du Developpement, F-31062 Toulouse, France. ; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ; Centre de Biologie du Developpement, Universite de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Batiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. CNRS, UMR5547, Centre de Biologie du Developpement, F-31062 Toulouse, France. francois.payre@univ-tlse3.fr serge.plaza@univ-tlse3.f.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26383956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Proteolysis ; RNA Interference ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 115
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-31
    Beschreibung: Translocator proteins (TSPOs) bind steroids and porphyrins, and they are implicated in many human diseases, for which they serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. TSPOs have tryptophan-rich sequences that are highly conserved from bacteria to mammals. Here we report crystal structures for Bacillus cereus TSPO (BcTSPO) down to 1.7 A resolution, including a complex with the benzodiazepine-like inhibitor PK11195. We also describe BcTSPO-mediated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) reactions, including catalytic degradation to a previously undescribed heme derivative. We used structure-inspired mutations to investigate reaction mechanisms, and we showed that TSPOs from Xenopus and man have similar PpIX-directed activities. Although TSPOs have been regarded as transporters, the catalytic activity in PpIX degradation suggests physiological importance for TSPOs in protection against oxidative stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341906/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341906/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Youzhong -- Kalathur, Ravi C -- Liu, Qun -- Kloss, Brian -- Bruni, Renato -- Ginter, Christopher -- Kloppmann, Edda -- Rost, Burkhard -- Hendrickson, Wayne A -- GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM107462/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM107462/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):551-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; The New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. ; The New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, Synchrotron Beamlines, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. ; The New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Technische Universitat Munchen, Garching 85748, Germany. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. The New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS), New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. New York Structural Biology Center, Synchrotron Beamlines, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. wayne@xtl.cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacillus cereus/*chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Isoquinolines/metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Protoporphyrins/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tryptophan/analysis
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  • 116
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-09
    Beschreibung: In the fruit fly Drosophila, head formation is driven by a single gene, bicoid, which generates head-to-tail polarity of the main embryonic axis. Bicoid deficiency results in embryos with tail-to-tail polarity and no head. However, most insects lack bicoid, and the molecular mechanism for establishing head-to-tail polarity is poorly understood. We have identified a gene that establishes head-to-tail polarity of the mosquito-like midge, Chironomus riparius. This gene, named panish, encodes a cysteine-clamp DNA binding domain and operates through a different mechanism than bicoid. This finding, combined with the observation that the phylogenetic distributions of panish and bicoid are limited to specific families of flies, reveals frequent evolutionary changes of body axis determinants and a remarkable opportunity to study gene regulatory network evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449817/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449817/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klomp, Jeff -- Athy, Derek -- Kwan, Chun Wai -- Bloch, Natasha I -- Sandmann, Thomas -- Lemke, Steffen -- Schmidt-Ott, Urs -- 1R03HD67700-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R03 HD067700/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 29;348(6238):1040-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7105. Epub 2015 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. uschmid@uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25953821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Chironomidae/*embryology/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*embryology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Homeodomain Proteins/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Trans-Activators/classification/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 117
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-18
    Beschreibung: Measles is a highly contagious human disease. We used cryo-electron microscopy and single particle-based helical image analysis to determine the structure of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the folded domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein encapsidating an RNA at a resolution of 4.3 angstroms. The resulting pseudoatomic model of the measles virus nucleocapsid offers important insights into the mechanism of the helical polymerization of nucleocapsids of negative-strand RNA viruses, in particular via the exchange subdomains of the nucleoprotein. The structure reveals the mode of the nucleoprotein-RNA interaction and explains why each nucleoprotein of measles virus binds six nucleotides, whereas the respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein binds seven. It provides a rational basis for further analysis of measles virus replication and transcription, and reveals potential targets for drug design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gutsche, Irina -- Desfosses, Ambroise -- Effantin, Gregory -- Ling, Wai Li -- Haupt, Melina -- Ruigrok, Rob W H -- Sachse, Carsten -- Schoehn, Guy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 8;348(6235):704-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5137. Epub 2015 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. Universite Grenoble Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. gutsche@embl.fr. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69917 Heidelberg, Germany. ; CNRS, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. Universite Grenoble Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. ; Universite Grenoble Alpes, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France. CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France. CEA, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France. ; Institut Laue-Langevin, 38000 Grenoble, France. ; CNRS, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. Universite Grenoble Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 38042 Grenoble, France. Universite Grenoble Alpes, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France. CNRS, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France. CEA, IBS, 38044 Grenoble, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Humans ; Measles/*virology ; Measles virus/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleocapsid/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Nucleoproteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Viral/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 118
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-06
    Beschreibung: The discovery of Streptomyces-produced streptomycin founded the age of tuberculosis therapy. Despite the subsequent development of a curative regimen for this disease, tuberculosis remains a worldwide problem, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has prioritized the need for new drugs. Here we show that new optimized derivatives from Streptomyces-derived griselimycin are highly active against M. tuberculosis, both in vitro and in vivo, by inhibiting the DNA polymerase sliding clamp DnaN. We discovered that resistance to griselimycins, occurring at very low frequency, is associated with amplification of a chromosomal segment containing dnaN, as well as the ori site. Our results demonstrate that griselimycins have high translational potential for tuberculosis treatment, validate DnaN as an antimicrobial target, and capture the process of antibiotic pressure-induced gene amplification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kling, Angela -- Lukat, Peer -- Almeida, Deepak V -- Bauer, Armin -- Fontaine, Evelyne -- Sordello, Sylvie -- Zaburannyi, Nestor -- Herrmann, Jennifer -- Wenzel, Silke C -- Konig, Claudia -- Ammerman, Nicole C -- Barrio, Maria Belen -- Borchers, Kai -- Bordon-Pallier, Florence -- Bronstrup, Mark -- Courtemanche, Gilles -- Gerlitz, Martin -- Geslin, Michel -- Hammann, Peter -- Heinz, Dirk W -- Hoffmann, Holger -- Klieber, Sylvie -- Kohlmann, Markus -- Kurz, Michael -- Lair, Christine -- Matter, Hans -- Nuermberger, Eric -- Tyagi, Sandeep -- Fraisse, Laurent -- Grosset, Jacques H -- Lagrange, Sophie -- Muller, Rolf -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 5;348(6239):1106-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. ; Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. ; Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban 4001, South Africa. ; Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Hochst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France. ; Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Strategy, Science Policy & External Innovation (S&I), 75008 Paris, France. ; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Hochst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ; Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany. ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. ; Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, 34184 Montpellier, France. ; Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. ; Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. rolf.mueller@helmholtz-hzi.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antitubercular Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mycobacterium smegmatis/drug effects/enzymology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/enzymology ; Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Streptomyces/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/*drug therapy/microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 119
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-19
    Beschreibung: Outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) raise questions about the prevalence and evolution of the MERS coronavirus (CoV) in its animal reservoir. Our surveillance in Saudi Arabia in 2014 and 2015 showed that viruses of the MERS-CoV species and a human CoV 229E-related lineage co-circulated at high prevalence, with frequent co-infections in the upper respiratory tract of dromedary camels. viruses of the betacoronavirus 1 species, we found that dromedary camels share three CoV species with humans. Several MERS-CoV lineages were present in camels, including a recombinant lineage that has been dominant since December 2014 and that subsequently led to the human outbreaks in 2015. Camels therefore serve as an important reservoir for the maintenance and diversification of the MERS-CoVs and are the source of human infections with this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabir, Jamal S M -- Lam, Tommy T-Y -- Ahmed, Mohamed M M -- Li, Lifeng -- Shen, Yongyi -- Abo-Aba, Salah E M -- Qureshi, Muhammd I -- Abu-Zeid, Mohamed -- Zhang, Yu -- Khiyami, Mohammad A -- Alharbi, Njud S -- Hajrah, Nahid H -- Sabir, Meshaal J -- Mutwakil, Mohammed H Z -- Kabli, Saleh A -- Alsulaimany, Faten A S -- Obaid, Abdullah Y -- Zhou, Boping -- Smith, David K -- Holmes, Edward C -- Zhu, Huachen -- Guan, Yi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):81-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8608. Epub 2015 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Shantou University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Institute of Virology, Shantou University, Shantou, China. Centre of Influenza Research and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. ; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Nucleic Acids Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg El-Arab, Post Office Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt. ; Shantou University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Institute of Virology, Shantou University, Shantou, China. Centre of Influenza Research and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. ; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Microbial Genetics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. ; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. ; Centre of Influenza Research and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Shantou University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Institute of Virology, Shantou University, Shantou, China. Centre of Influenza Research and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. zhuhch@hku.hk yguan@hku.hk. ; Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Shantou University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Institute of Virology, Shantou University, Shantou, China. Centre of Influenza Research and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. zhuhch@hku.hk yguan@hku.hk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26678874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Camels/*virology ; Coinfection/epidemiology/veterinary/*virology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/*virology ; Disease Reservoirs/veterinary/*virology ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 120
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-21
    Beschreibung: Eukaryotic cells coordinate growth with the availability of nutrients through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a master growth regulator. Leucine is of particular importance and activates mTORC1 via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases and their regulators GATOR1 and GATOR2. Sestrin2 interacts with GATOR2 and is a leucine sensor. Here we present the 2.7 angstrom crystal structure of Sestrin2 in complex with leucine. Leucine binds through a single pocket that coordinates its charged functional groups and confers specificity for the hydrophobic side chain. A loop encloses leucine and forms a lid-latch mechanism required for binding. A structure-guided mutation in Sestrin2 that decreases its affinity for leucine leads to a concomitant increase in the leucine concentration required for mTORC1 activation in cells. These results provide a structural mechanism of amino acid sensing by the mTORC1 pathway.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698039/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4698039/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxton, Robert A -- Knockenhauer, Kevin E -- Wolfson, Rachel L -- Chantranupong, Lynne -- Pacold, Michael E -- Wang, Tim -- Schwartz, Thomas U -- Sabatini, David M -- AI47389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F30 CA189333/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA180271/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F31 CA189437/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR029205/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007287/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2087. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. sabatini@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Leucine/*chemistry/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 121
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-29
    Beschreibung: Interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape ecosystem diversity. In marine ecosystems, these interactions are difficult to study partly because the major photosynthetic organisms are microscopic, unicellular phytoplankton. Coastal phytoplankton communities are dominated by diatoms, which generate approximately 40% of marine primary production and form the base of many marine food webs. Diatoms co-occur with specific bacterial taxa, but the mechanisms of potential interactions are mostly unknown. Here we tease apart a bacterial consortium associated with a globally distributed diatom and find that a Sulfitobacter species promotes diatom cell division via secretion of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid, synthesized by the bacterium using both diatom-secreted and endogenous tryptophan. Indole-3-acetic acid and tryptophan serve as signalling molecules that are part of a complex exchange of nutrients, including diatom-excreted organosulfur molecules and bacterial-excreted ammonia. The potential prevalence of this mode of signalling in the oceans is corroborated by metabolite and metatranscriptome analyses that show widespread indole-3-acetic acid production by Sulfitobacter-related bacteria, particularly in coastal environments. Our study expands on the emerging recognition that marine microbial communities are part of tightly connected networks by providing evidence that these interactions are mediated through production and exchange of infochemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amin, S A -- Hmelo, L R -- van Tol, H M -- Durham, B P -- Carlson, L T -- Heal, K R -- Morales, R L -- Berthiaume, C T -- Parker, M S -- Djunaedi, B -- Ingalls, A E -- Parsek, M R -- Moran, M A -- Armbrust, E V -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):98-101. doi: 10.1038/nature14488. Epub 2015 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Chemistry Faculty, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. ; Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Diatoms/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/cytology/genetics/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Rhodobacteraceae/genetics/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Transcriptome ; Tryptophan/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 122
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-16
    Beschreibung: Disruption of epithelial polarity is a key event in the acquisition of neoplastic growth. JNK signalling is known to play an important part in driving the malignant progression of many epithelial tumours, although the link between loss of polarity and JNK signalling remains elusive. In a Drosophila genome-wide genetic screen designed to identify molecules implicated in neoplastic growth, we identified grindelwald (grnd), a gene encoding a transmembrane protein with homology to members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Here we show that Grnd mediates the pro-apoptotic functions of Eiger (Egr), the unique Drosophila TNF, and that overexpression of an active form of Grnd lacking the extracellular domain is sufficient to activate JNK signalling in vivo. Grnd also promotes the invasiveness of Ras(V12)/scrib(-/-) tumours through Egr-dependent Matrix metalloprotease-1 (Mmp1) expression. Grnd localizes to the subapical membrane domain with the cell polarity determinant Crumbs (Crb) and couples Crb-induced loss of polarity with JNK activation and neoplastic growth through physical interaction with Veli (also known as Lin-7). Therefore, Grnd represents the first example of a TNFR that integrates signals from both Egr and apical polarity determinants to induce JNK-dependent cell death or tumour growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersen, Ditte S -- Colombani, Julien -- Palmerini, Valentina -- Chakrabandhu, Krittalak -- Boone, Emilie -- Rothlisberger, Michael -- Toggweiler, Janine -- Basler, Konrad -- Mapelli, Marina -- Hueber, Anne-Odile -- Leopold, Pierre -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 25;522(7557):482-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14298. Epub 2015 Apr 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [2] CNRS, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [4] Genetics and Physiology of Growth laboratory, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France. ; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy. ; 1] University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [2] CNRS, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [3] INSERM, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France [4] Death receptors Signalling and Cancer Therapy laboratory, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France. ; Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25874673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Division/genetics ; *Cell Polarity/genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics ; Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 123
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-13
    Beschreibung: Since 2013 the occurrence of human infections by a novel avian H7N9 influenza virus in China has demonstrated the continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens. Although the first outbreak wave that was centred on eastern China was seemingly averted, human infections recurred in October 2013 (refs 3-7). It is unclear how the H7N9 virus re-emerged and how it will develop further; potentially it may become a long-term threat to public health. Here we show that H7N9 viruses have spread from eastern to southern China and become persistent in chickens, which has led to the establishment of multiple regionally distinct lineages with different reassortant genotypes. Repeated introductions of viruses from Zhejiang to other provinces and the presence of H7N9 viruses at live poultry markets have fuelled the recurrence of human infections. This rapid expansion of the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of the H7N9 viruses poses a direct challenge to current disease control systems. Our results also suggest that H7N9 viruses have become enzootic in China and may spread beyond the region, following the pattern previously observed with H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Zhou, Boping -- Wang, Jia -- Chai, Yujuan -- Shen, Yongyi -- Chen, Xinchun -- Ma, Chi -- Hong, Wenshan -- Chen, Yin -- Zhang, Yanjun -- Duan, Lian -- Chen, Peiwen -- Jiang, Junfei -- Zhang, Yu -- Li, Lifeng -- Poon, Leo Lit Man -- Webby, Richard J -- Smith, David K -- Leung, Gabriel M -- Peiris, Joseph S M -- Holmes, Edward C -- Guan, Yi -- Zhu, Huachen -- HHSN272201400006C/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):102-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14348. Epub 2015 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China [3] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China. ; 1] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China [2] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China. ; Key Laboratory of Emergency Detection for Public Health of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China. ; 1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou 515041, China. ; 1] State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases (HKU-Shenzhen Branch), Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518112, China [2] Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong, China. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chickens/*virology ; China/epidemiology ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genotype ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/classification/*genetics/*isolation & ; purification ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/isolation & purification ; Zoonoses/transmission/virology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 124
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-18
    Beschreibung: Darwin's finches, inhabiting the Galapagos archipelago and Cocos Island, constitute an iconic model for studies of speciation and adaptive evolution. Here we report the results of whole-genome re-sequencing of 120 individuals representing all of the Darwin's finch species and two close relatives. Phylogenetic analysis reveals important discrepancies with the phenotype-based taxonomy. We find extensive evidence for interspecific gene flow throughout the radiation. Hybridization has given rise to species of mixed ancestry. A 240 kilobase haplotype encompassing the ALX1 gene that encodes a transcription factor affecting craniofacial development is strongly associated with beak shape diversity across Darwin's finch species as well as within the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), a species that has undergone rapid evolution of beak shape in response to environmental changes. The ALX1 haplotype has contributed to diversification of beak shapes among the Darwin's finches and, thereby, to an expanded utilization of food resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamichhaney, Sangeet -- Berglund, Jonas -- Almen, Markus Sallman -- Maqbool, Khurram -- Grabherr, Manfred -- Martinez-Barrio, Alvaro -- Promerova, Marta -- Rubin, Carl-Johan -- Wang, Chao -- Zamani, Neda -- Grant, B Rosemary -- Grant, Peter R -- Webster, Matthew T -- Andersson, Leif -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):371-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14181. Epub 2015 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. ; 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden [2] Department of Plant Physiology, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden [2] Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden [3] Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4458, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25686609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; Ecuador ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Finches/*anatomy & histology/classification/embryology/*genetics ; Gene Flow ; Genome/genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Indian Ocean Islands ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 125
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: Tropical mountains are hot spots of biodiversity and endemism, but the evolutionary origins of their unique biotas are poorly understood. In varying degrees, local and regional extinction, long-distance colonization, and local recruitment may all contribute to the exceptional character of these communities. Also, it is debated whether mountain endemics mostly originate from local lowland taxa, or from lineages that reach the mountain by long-range dispersal from cool localities elsewhere. Here we investigate the evolutionary routes to endemism by sampling an entire tropical mountain biota on the 4,095-metre-high Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, East Malaysia. We discover that most of its unique biodiversity is younger than the mountain itself (6 million years), and comprises a mix of immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local lowland ancestors, although substantial shifts from lower to higher vegetation zones in this latter group were rare. These insights could improve forecasts of the likelihood of extinction and 'evolutionary rescue' in montane biodiversity hot spots under climate change scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merckx, Vincent S F T -- Hendriks, Kasper P -- Beentjes, Kevin K -- Mennes, Constantijn B -- Becking, Leontine E -- Peijnenburg, Katja T C A -- Afendy, Aqilah -- Arumugam, Nivaarani -- de Boer, Hugo -- Biun, Alim -- Buang, Matsain M -- Chen, Ping-Ping -- Chung, Arthur Y C -- Dow, Rory -- Feijen, Frida A A -- Feijen, Hans -- Feijen-van Soest, Cobi -- Geml, Jozsef -- Geurts, Rene -- Gravendeel, Barbara -- Hovenkamp, Peter -- Imbun, Paul -- Ipor, Isa -- Janssens, Steven B -- Jocque, Merlijn -- Kappes, Heike -- Khoo, Eyen -- Koomen, Peter -- Lens, Frederic -- Majapun, Richard J -- Morgado, Luis N -- Neupane, Suman -- Nieser, Nico -- Pereira, Joan T -- Rahman, Homathevi -- Sabran, Suzana -- Sawang, Anati -- Schwallier, Rachel M -- Shim, Phyau-Soon -- Smit, Harry -- Sol, Nicolien -- Spait, Maipul -- Stech, Michael -- Stokvis, Frank -- Sugau, John B -- Suleiman, Monica -- Sumail, Sukaibin -- Thomas, Daniel C -- van Tol, Jan -- Tuh, Fred Y Y -- Yahya, Bakhtiar E -- Nais, Jamili -- Repin, Rimi -- Lakim, Maklarin -- Schilthuizen, Menno -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):347-50. doi: 10.1038/nature14949. Epub 2015 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. ; Wageningen University &Research centre, Marine Animal Ecology Group, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, &Management, University of California Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked bag No.100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia. ; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway. ; Sabah Parks, Lot 45 &46, Level 1-5, Blok H, KK Times Square, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90175 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. ; Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands. ; University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands. ; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. ; Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. ; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. ; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biological Sciences, 195 University Avenue, Boyden Hall, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. ; Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zulpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany. ; Natuurmuseum Fryslan, Schoenmakersperk 2, 8911 EM Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. ; EEB Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, USA. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China. ; Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569 Singapore, Republic of Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altitude ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biota ; Climate Change ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Extinction, Biological ; Introduced Species/*statistics & numerical data ; Malaysia ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; *Phylogeography ; Plants/classification/genetics ; Time Factors ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 126
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-23
    Beschreibung: Two-pore channels (TPCs) contain two copies of a Shaker-like six-transmembrane (6-TM) domain in each subunit and are ubiquitously expressed in both animals and plants as organellar cation channels. Here we present the crystal structure of a vacuolar two-pore channel from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtTPC1, which functions as a homodimer. AtTPC1 activation requires both voltage and cytosolic Ca(2+). Ca(2+) binding to the cytosolic EF-hand domain triggers conformational changes coupled to the pair of pore-lining inner helices from the first 6-TM domains, whereas membrane potential only activates the second voltage-sensing domain, the conformational changes of which are coupled to the pair of inner helices from the second 6-TM domains. Luminal Ca(2+) or Ba(2+) can modulate voltage activation by stabilizing the second voltage-sensing domain in the resting state and shift voltage activation towards more positive potentials. Our Ba(2+)-bound AtTPC1 structure reveals a voltage sensor in the resting state, providing hitherto unseen structural insight into the general voltage-gating mechanism among voltage-gated channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841471/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841471/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jiangtao -- Zeng, Weizhong -- Chen, Qingfeng -- Lee, Changkeun -- Chen, Liping -- Yang, Yi -- Cang, Chunlei -- Ren, Dejian -- Jiang, Youxing -- GM079179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS055293/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS074257/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 10;531(7593):196-201. doi: 10.1038/nature16446. Epub 2015 Dec 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9040, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26689363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*chemistry ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Barium/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/metabolism ; EF Hand Motifs ; Electric Conductivity ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Ion Transport/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 127
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-23
    Beschreibung: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal primarily through G proteins or arrestins. Arrestin binding to GPCRs blocks G protein interaction and redirects signalling to numerous G-protein-independent pathways. Here we report the crystal structure of a constitutively active form of human rhodopsin bound to a pre-activated form of the mouse visual arrestin, determined by serial femtosecond X-ray laser crystallography. Together with extensive biochemical and mutagenesis data, the structure reveals an overall architecture of the rhodopsin-arrestin assembly in which rhodopsin uses distinct structural elements, including transmembrane helix 7 and helix 8, to recruit arrestin. Correspondingly, arrestin adopts the pre-activated conformation, with a approximately 20 degrees rotation between the amino and carboxy domains, which opens up a cleft in arrestin to accommodate a short helix formed by the second intracellular loop of rhodopsin. This structure provides a basis for understanding GPCR-mediated arrestin-biased signalling and demonstrates the power of X-ray lasers for advancing the frontiers of structural biology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Yanyong -- Zhou, X Edward -- Gao, Xiang -- He, Yuanzheng -- Liu, Wei -- Ishchenko, Andrii -- Barty, Anton -- White, Thomas A -- Yefanov, Oleksandr -- Han, Gye Won -- Xu, Qingping -- de Waal, Parker W -- Ke, Jiyuan -- Tan, M H Eileen -- Zhang, Chenghai -- Moeller, Arne -- West, Graham M -- Pascal, Bruce D -- Van Eps, Ned -- Caro, Lydia N -- Vishnivetskiy, Sergey A -- Lee, Regina J -- Suino-Powell, Kelly M -- Gu, Xin -- Pal, Kuntal -- Ma, Jinming -- Zhi, Xiaoyong -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Gati, Cornelius -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Wang, Dingjie -- James, Daniel -- Basu, Shibom -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Conrad, Chelsie E -- Coe, Jesse -- Liu, Haiguang -- Lisova, Stella -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Fromme, Raimund -- Jiang, Yi -- Tan, Minjia -- Yang, Huaiyu -- Li, Jun -- Wang, Meitian -- Zheng, Zhong -- Li, Dianfan -- Howe, Nicole -- Zhao, Yingming -- Standfuss, Jorg -- Diederichs, Kay -- Dong, Yuhui -- Potter, Clinton S -- Carragher, Bridget -- Caffrey, Martin -- Jiang, Hualiang -- Chapman, Henry N -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Ernst, Oliver P -- Katritch, Vsevolod -- Gurevich, Vsevolod V -- Griffin, Patrick R -- Hubbell, Wayne L -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Melcher, Karsten -- Xu, H Eric -- DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY005216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY011500/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM077561/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM097463/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM102545/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM103310/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM104212/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM108635/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30EY000331/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103310/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK066202/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY011500/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM087413/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM109955/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR027270/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094618/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 30;523(7562):561-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14656. Epub 2015 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York 10027, USA. ; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA. ; Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; 1] Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 10084, China. ; 1] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA [2] Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. ; Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. ; Swiss Light Source at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. ; School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. ; 1] BioXFEL, NSF Science and Technology Center, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA [2] Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ; Department of Biology, Universitat Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany. ; Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ; 1] Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; 1] Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA [3] iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 2F Building 6, 99 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China. ; 1] Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA [2] VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arrestin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disulfides/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Lasers ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; X-Rays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 128
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-30
    Beschreibung: Influenza A viruses pose a major public health threat by causing seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. Their epidemiological success relies on airborne transmission from person to person; however, the viral properties governing airborne transmission of influenza A viruses are complex. Influenza A virus infection is mediated via binding of the viral haemagglutinin (HA) to terminally attached alpha2,3 or alpha2,6 sialic acids on cell surface glycoproteins. Human influenza A viruses preferentially bind alpha2,6-linked sialic acids whereas avian influenza A viruses bind alpha2,3-linked sialic acids on complex glycans on airway epithelial cells. Historically, influenza A viruses with preferential association with alpha2,3-linked sialic acids have not been transmitted efficiently by the airborne route in ferrets. Here we observe efficient airborne transmission of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus (A/California/07/2009) engineered to preferentially bind alpha2,3-linked sialic acids. Airborne transmission was associated with rapid selection of virus with a change at a single HA site that conferred binding to long-chain alpha2,6-linked sialic acids, without loss of alpha2,3-linked sialic acid binding. The transmissible virus emerged in experimentally infected ferrets within 24 hours after infection and was remarkably enriched in the soft palate, where long-chain alpha2,6-linked sialic acids predominate on the nasopharyngeal surface. Notably, presence of long-chain alpha2,6-linked sialic acids is conserved in ferret, pig and human soft palate. Using a loss-of-function approach with this one virus, we demonstrate that the ferret soft palate, a tissue not normally sampled in animal models of influenza, rapidly selects for transmissible influenza A viruses with human receptor (alpha2,6-linked sialic acids) preference.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592815/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592815/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lakdawala, Seema S -- Jayaraman, Akila -- Halpin, Rebecca A -- Lamirande, Elaine W -- Shih, Angela R -- Stockwell, Timothy B -- Lin, Xudong -- Simenauer, Ari -- Hanson, Christopher T -- Vogel, Leatrice -- Paskel, Myeisha -- Minai, Mahnaz -- Moore, Ian -- Orandle, Marlene -- Das, Suman R -- Wentworth, David E -- Sasisekharan, Ram -- Subbarao, Kanta -- HHSN272200900007C/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM057073/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM057073-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI110819/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19-AI-110819/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):122-5. doi: 10.1038/nature15379. Epub 2015 Sep 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. ; Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/virology ; Female ; Ferrets/virology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission/virology ; Palate, Soft/chemistry/*metabolism/*virology ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Respiratory System/cytology/metabolism/virology ; *Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sialic Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Swine/virology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 129
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-15
    Beschreibung: Na(+)/Cl(-)-coupled biogenic amine transporters are the primary targets of therapeutic and abused drugs, ranging from antidepressants to the psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamines, and to their cognate substrates. Here we determine X-ray crystal structures of the Drosophila melanogaster dopamine transporter (dDAT) bound to its substrate dopamine, a substrate analogue 3,4-dichlorophenethylamine, the psychostimulants d-amphetamine and methamphetamine, or to cocaine and cocaine analogues. All ligands bind to the central binding site, located approximately halfway across the membrane bilayer, in close proximity to bound sodium and chloride ions. The central binding site recognizes three chemically distinct classes of ligands via conformational changes that accommodate varying sizes and shapes, thus illustrating molecular principles that distinguish substrates from inhibitors in biogenic amine transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469479/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469479/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Kevin H -- Penmatsa, Aravind -- Gouaux, Eric -- F32 MH093120/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 DA018165/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P50DA018165/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH070039/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 21;521(7552):322-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14431. Epub 2015 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. ; 1] Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dextroamphetamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*chemistry ; Ligands ; Methamphetamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phenethylamines/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Sodium/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 130
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-25
    Beschreibung: Gain-of-function IDH mutations are initiating events that define major clinical and prognostic classes of gliomas. Mutant IDH protein produces a new onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, which interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5'-methylcytosine hydroxylases. TET enzymes catalyse a key step in the removal of DNA methylation. IDH mutant gliomas thus manifest a CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), although the functional importance of this altered epigenetic state remains unclear. Here we show that human IDH mutant gliomas exhibit hypermethylation at cohesin and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites, compromising binding of this methylation-sensitive insulator protein. Reduced CTCF binding is associated with loss of insulation between topological domains and aberrant gene activation. We specifically demonstrate that loss of CTCF at a domain boundary permits a constitutive enhancer to interact aberrantly with the receptor tyrosine kinase gene PDGFRA, a prominent glioma oncogene. Treatment of IDH mutant gliomaspheres with a demethylating agent partially restores insulator function and downregulates PDGFRA. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated disruption of the CTCF motif in IDH wild-type gliomaspheres upregulates PDGFRA and increases proliferation. Our study suggests that IDH mutations promote gliomagenesis by disrupting chromosomal topology and allowing aberrant regulatory interactions that induce oncogene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flavahan, William A -- Drier, Yotam -- Liau, Brian B -- Gillespie, Shawn M -- Venteicher, Andrew S -- Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat O -- Suva, Mario L -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):110-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16490. Epub 2015 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26700815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Methylation/drug effects/genetics ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Glioma/drug therapy/*enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Glutarates/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulator Elements/drug effects/*genetics ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 131
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-25
    Beschreibung: Plasmodium falciparum antigens expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes are important targets of naturally acquired immunity against malaria, but their high number and variability provide the pathogen with a powerful means of escape from host antibodies. Although broadly reactive antibodies against these antigens could be useful as therapeutics and in vaccine design, their identification has proven elusive. Here we report the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies that recognize erythrocytes infected by different P. falciparum isolates and opsonize these cells by binding to members of the RIFIN family. These antibodies acquired broad reactivity through a novel mechanism of insertion of a large DNA fragment between the V and DJ segments. The insert, which is both necessary and sufficient for binding to RIFINs, encodes the entire 98 amino acid collagen-binding domain of LAIR1, an immunoglobulin superfamily inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19. In each of the two donors studied, the antibodies are produced by a single expanded B-cell clone and carry distinct somatic mutations in the LAIR1 domain that abolish binding to collagen and increase binding to infected erythrocytes. These findings illustrate, with a biologically relevant example, a novel mechanism of antibody diversification by interchromosomal DNA transposition and demonstrate the existence of conserved epitopes that may be suitable candidates for the development of a malaria vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan, Joshua -- Pieper, Kathrin -- Piccoli, Luca -- Abdi, Abdirahman -- Foglierini, Mathilde -- Geiger, Roger -- Tully, Claire Maria -- Jarrossay, David -- Ndungu, Francis Maina -- Wambua, Juliana -- Bejon, Philip -- Fregni, Chiara Silacci -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Barbieri, Sonia -- Bianchi, Siro -- Marsh, Kevin -- Thathy, Vandana -- Corti, Davide -- Sallusto, Federica -- Bull, Peter -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- 077092/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084113/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084378/Z/07/A/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084535/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084538/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092654/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092741/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 099811/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16450. Epub 2015 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya. ; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. ; Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26700814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibody Specificity ; Antigenic Variation/*immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Clone Cells/cytology/immunology ; Collagen/immunology/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence/immunology ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics/immunology ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology ; Erythrocytes/immunology/metabolism/parasitology ; Humans ; Kenya ; Malaria/*immunology/parasitology ; Malaria Vaccines/chemistry/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/*genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 132
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-04
    Beschreibung: Signalling by Wnt proteins is finely balanced to ensure normal development and tissue homeostasis while avoiding diseases such as cancer. This is achieved in part by Notum, a highly conserved secreted feedback antagonist. Notum has been thought to act as a phospholipase, shedding glypicans and associated Wnt proteins from the cell surface. However, this view fails to explain specificity, as glypicans bind many extracellular ligands. Here we provide genetic evidence in Drosophila that Notum requires glypicans to suppress Wnt signalling, but does not cleave their glycophosphatidylinositol anchor. Structural analyses reveal glycosaminoglycan binding sites on Notum, which probably help Notum to co-localize with Wnt proteins. They also identify, at the active site of human and Drosophila Notum, a large hydrophobic pocket that accommodates palmitoleate. Kinetic and mass spectrometric analyses of human proteins show that Notum is a carboxylesterase that removes an essential palmitoleate moiety from Wnt proteins and thus constitutes the first known extracellular protein deacylase.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376489/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376489/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kakugawa, Satoshi -- Langton, Paul F -- Zebisch, Matthias -- Howell, Steven A -- Chang, Tao-Hsin -- Liu, Yan -- Feizi, Ten -- Bineva, Ganka -- O'Reilly, Nicola -- Snijders, Ambrosius P -- Jones, E Yvonne -- Vincent, Jean-Paul -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 294523/European Research Council/International -- A10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C375/A10976/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0900084/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117584268/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117584268/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT093378MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT099197MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 12;519(7542):187-92. doi: 10.1038/nature14259. Epub 2015 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC's National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK. ; Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. ; Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acylation ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carboxylesterase/chemistry/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Esterases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/metabolism ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Glypicans/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Wnt Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Wnt Signaling Pathway
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 133
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-13
    Beschreibung: Dengue disease is caused by four different flavivirus serotypes, which infect 390 million people yearly with 25% symptomatic cases and for which no licensed vaccine is available. Recent phase III vaccine trials showed partial protection, and in particular no protection for dengue virus serotype 2 (refs 3, 4). Structural studies so far have characterized only epitopes recognized by serotype-specific human antibodies. We recently isolated human antibodies potently neutralizing all four dengue virus serotypes. Here we describe the X-ray structures of four of these broadly neutralizing antibodies in complex with the envelope glycoprotein E from dengue virus serotype 2, revealing that the recognition determinants are at a serotype-invariant site at the E-dimer interface, including the exposed main chain of the E fusion loop and the two conserved glycan chains. This 'E-dimer-dependent epitope' is also the binding site for the viral glycoprotein prM during virus maturation in the secretory pathway of the infected cell, explaining its conservation across serotypes and highlighting an Achilles' heel of the virus with respect to antibody neutralization. These findings will be instrumental for devising novel immunogens to protect simultaneously against all four serotypes of dengue virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rouvinski, Alexander -- Guardado-Calvo, Pablo -- Barba-Spaeth, Giovanna -- Duquerroy, Stephane -- Vaney, Marie-Christine -- Kikuti, Carlos M -- Navarro Sanchez, M Erika -- Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa -- Wongwiwat, Wiyada -- Haouz, Ahmed -- Girard-Blanc, Christine -- Petres, Stephane -- Shepard, William E -- Despres, Philippe -- Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando -- Dussart, Philippe -- Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip -- Screaton, Gavin R -- Rey, Felix A -- 095541/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):109-13. doi: 10.1038/nature14130. Epub 2015 Jan 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Institut Pasteur, Departement de Virologie, Unite de Virologie Structurale, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France [2] CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. ; 1] Institut Pasteur, Departement de Virologie, Unite de Virologie Structurale, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France [2] CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France [3] Universite Paris-Sud, Faculte des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France. ; Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK. ; Institut Pasteur, Proteopole, CNRS UMR 3528, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. ; Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Departement de Virologie, Unite des Interactions Moleculaires Flavivirus-Hotes, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. ; Institut Pasteur, Departement de Virologie, Unite de Pathogenie Virale, INSERM U1108, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. ; Institut Pasteur de Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana. ; 1] Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK [2] Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. ; 1] Institut Pasteur, Departement de Virologie, Unite de Virologie Structurale, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France [2] CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France [3] Institut Pasteur, Proteopole, CNRS UMR 3528, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25581790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antibodies, Neutralizing/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Cross Reactions/immunology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dengue Virus/*chemistry/classification/*immunology ; Epitopes/chemistry/immunology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Solubility ; Species Specificity ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/immunology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 134
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-22
    Beschreibung: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are increasingly used in research and industrial systems to produce high-value pharmaceuticals, fuels and chemicals. Genetic isolation and intrinsic biocontainment would provide essential biosafety measures to secure these closed systems and enable safe applications of GMOs in open systems, which include bioremediation and probiotics. Although safeguards have been designed to control cell growth by essential gene regulation, inducible toxin switches and engineered auxotrophies, these approaches are compromised by cross-feeding of essential metabolites, leaked expression of essential genes, or genetic mutations. Here we describe the construction of a series of genomically recoded organisms (GROs) whose growth is restricted by the expression of multiple essential genes that depend on exogenously supplied synthetic amino acids (sAAs). We introduced a Methanocaldococcus jannaschii tRNA:aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair into the chromosome of a GRO derived from Escherichia coli that lacks all TAG codons and release factor 1, endowing this organism with the orthogonal translational components to convert TAG into a dedicated sense codon for sAAs. Using multiplex automated genome engineering, we introduced in-frame TAG codons into 22 essential genes, linking their expression to the incorporation of synthetic phenylalanine-derived amino acids. Of the 60 sAA-dependent variants isolated, a notable strain harbouring three TAG codons in conserved functional residues of MurG, DnaA and SerS and containing targeted tRNA deletions maintained robust growth and exhibited undetectable escape frequencies upon culturing approximately 10(11) cells on solid media for 7 days or in liquid media for 20 days. This is a significant improvement over existing biocontainment approaches. We constructed synthetic auxotrophs dependent on sAAs that were not rescued by cross-feeding in environmental growth assays. These auxotrophic GROs possess alternative genetic codes that impart genetic isolation by impeding horizontal gene transfer and now depend on the use of synthetic biochemical building blocks, advancing orthogonal barriers between engineered organisms and the environment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rovner, Alexis J -- Haimovich, Adrian D -- Katz, Spencer R -- Li, Zhe -- Grome, Michael W -- Gassaway, Brandon M -- Amiram, Miriam -- Patel, Jaymin R -- Gallagher, Ryan R -- Rinehart, Jesse -- Isaacs, Farren J -- K01 DK089006/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):89-93. doi: 10.1038/nature14095. Epub 2015 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA. ; 1] Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA [2] Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acids/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/genetics/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain/genetics ; Codon/genetics ; Containment of Biohazards/*methods ; Culture Media/chemistry/pharmacology ; Environment ; Escherichia coli/cytology/*drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Essential/genetics ; Genetic Code/genetics ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Microbial Viability/*drug effects/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organisms, Genetically Modified/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Peptide Termination Factors/genetics ; Phenylalanine/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; Synthetic Biology/*methods
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 135
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-08
    Beschreibung: The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) coordinate cellular adaptations to low oxygen stress by regulating transcriptional programs in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis and metabolism. These programs promote the growth and progression of many tumours, making HIFs attractive anticancer targets. Transcriptionally active HIFs consist of HIF-alpha and ARNT (also called HIF-1beta) subunits. Here we describe crystal structures for each of mouse HIF-2alpha-ARNT and HIF-1alpha-ARNT heterodimers in states that include bound small molecules and their hypoxia response element. A highly integrated quaternary architecture is shared by HIF-2alpha-ARNT and HIF-1alpha-ARNT, wherein ARNT spirals around the outside of each HIF-alpha subunit. Five distinct pockets are observed that permit small-molecule binding, including PAS domain encapsulated sites and an interfacial cavity formed through subunit heterodimerization. The DNA-reading head rotates, extends and cooperates with a distal PAS domain to bind hypoxia response elements. HIF-alpha mutations linked to human cancers map to sensitive sites that establish DNA binding and the stability of PAS domains and pockets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Dalei -- Potluri, Nalini -- Lu, Jingping -- Kim, Youngchang -- Rastinejad, Fraydoon -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 20;524(7565):303-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14883. Epub 2015 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolic Disease Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA. ; Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): ARNTL Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/*chemistry/metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CLOCK Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Response Elements/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 136
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-07
    Beschreibung: Antibiotic resistance is spreading faster than the introduction of new compounds into clinical practice, causing a public health crisis. Most antibiotics were produced by screening soil microorganisms, but this limited resource of cultivable bacteria was overmined by the 1960s. Synthetic approaches to produce antibiotics have been unable to replace this platform. Uncultured bacteria make up approximately 99% of all species in external environments, and are an untapped source of new antibiotics. We developed several methods to grow uncultured organisms by cultivation in situ or by using specific growth factors. Here we report a new antibiotic that we term teixobactin, discovered in a screen of uncultured bacteria. Teixobactin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to a highly conserved motif of lipid II (precursor of peptidoglycan) and lipid III (precursor of cell wall teichoic acid). We did not obtain any mutants of Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to teixobactin. The properties of this compound suggest a path towards developing antibiotics that are likely to avoid development of resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ling, Losee L -- Schneider, Tanja -- Peoples, Aaron J -- Spoering, Amy L -- Engels, Ina -- Conlon, Brian P -- Mueller, Anna -- Schaberle, Till F -- Hughes, Dallas E -- Epstein, Slava -- Jones, Michael -- Lazarides, Linos -- Steadman, Victoria A -- Cohen, Douglas R -- Felix, Cintia R -- Fetterman, K Ashley -- Millett, William P -- Nitti, Anthony G -- Zullo, Ashley M -- Chen, Chao -- Lewis, Kim -- AI085612/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T-RO1AI085585/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):455-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14098. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology-Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany [2] German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany. ; Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany [2] Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany. ; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Selcia, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & ; purification/*pharmacology ; Betaproteobacteria/chemistry/genetics ; Biological Products/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Cell Wall/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Depsipeptides/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Female ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability/*drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/cytology/*drug effects/genetics ; Peptidoglycan/biosynthesis ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry/cytology/*drug effects/genetics ; Teichoic Acids/biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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  • 137
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-06
    Beschreibung: Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of RNA molecules is critical to understanding their many biological functions. Furthermore, synthetic RNAs have applications as therapeutics and molecular sensors. Both research and technological applications of RNA would be dramatically enhanced by methods that enable incorporation of modified or labelled nucleotides into specifically designated positions or regions of RNA. However, the synthesis of tens of milligrams of such RNAs using existing methods has been impossible. Here we develop a hybrid solid-liquid phase transcription method and automated robotic platform for the synthesis of RNAs with position-selective labelling. We demonstrate its use by successfully preparing various isotope- or fluorescently labelled versions of the 71-nucleotide aptamer domain of an adenine riboswitch for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer, respectively. Those RNAs include molecules that were selectively isotope-labelled in specific loops, linkers, a helix, several discrete positions, or a single internal position, as well as RNA molecules that were fluorescently labelled in and near kissing loops. These selectively labelled RNAs have the same fold as those transcribed using conventional methods, but they greatly simplify the interpretation of NMR spectra. The single-position isotope- and fluorescently labelled RNA samples reveal multiple conformational states of the adenine riboswitch. Lastly, we describe a robotic platform and the operation that automates this technology. Our selective labelling method may be useful for studying RNA structure and dynamics and for making RNA sensors for a variety of applications including cell-biological studies, substance detection, and disease diagnostics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yu -- Holmstrom, Erik -- Zhang, Jinwei -- Yu, Ping -- Wang, Jinbu -- Dyba, Marzena A -- Chen, De -- Ying, Jinfa -- Lockett, Stephen -- Nesbitt, David J -- Ferre-D'Amare, Adrian R -- Sousa, Rui -- Stagno, Jason R -- Wang, Yun-Xing -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM052522/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM-065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):368-72. doi: 10.1038/nature14352. Epub 2015 May 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. ; Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenine/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Aptamers, Nucleotide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Automation/methods ; Base Sequence ; Biosensing Techniques ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; *Fluorescence ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isotope Labeling/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/analysis/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Riboswitch/genetics ; Robotics ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 138
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-08
    Beschreibung: Termination of protein synthesis occurs when a translating ribosome encounters one of three universally conserved stop codons: UAA, UAG or UGA. Release factors recognize stop codons in the ribosomal A-site to mediate release of the nascent chain and recycling of the ribosome. Bacteria decode stop codons using two separate release factors with differing specificities for the second and third bases. By contrast, eukaryotes rely on an evolutionarily unrelated omnipotent release factor (eRF1) to recognize all three stop codons. The molecular basis of eRF1 discrimination for stop codons over sense codons is not known. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures at 3.5-3.8 A resolution of mammalian ribosomal complexes containing eRF1 interacting with each of the three stop codons in the A-site. Binding of eRF1 flips nucleotide A1825 of 18S ribosomal RNA so that it stacks on the second and third stop codon bases. This configuration pulls the fourth position base into the A-site, where it is stabilized by stacking against G626 of 18S rRNA. Thus, eRF1 exploits two rRNA nucleotides also used during transfer RNA selection to drive messenger RNA compaction. In this compacted mRNA conformation, stop codons are favoured by a hydrogen-bonding network formed between rRNA and essential eRF1 residues that constrains the identity of the bases. These results provide a molecular framework for eukaryotic stop codon recognition and have implications for future studies on the mechanisms of canonical and premature translation termination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591471/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4591471/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Alan -- Shao, Sichen -- Murray, Jason -- Hegde, Ramanujan S -- Ramakrishnan, V -- 096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184332/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A022_1007/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT096570/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):493-6. doi: 10.1038/nature14896. Epub 2015 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Codon/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Codon, Terminator/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Eukaryota ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Peptide Termination Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics ; Ribosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 139
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-03
    Beschreibung: Many peroxy-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated and shown to provide beneficial effects to human health. Yet, the mechanisms of most endoperoxide biosyntheses are not well understood. Although endoperoxides have been suggested as key reaction intermediates in several cases, the only well-characterized endoperoxide biosynthetic enzyme is prostaglandin H synthase, a haem-containing enzyme. Fumitremorgin B endoperoxidase (FtmOx1) from Aspergillus fumigatus is the first reported alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme that can catalyse an endoperoxide formation reaction. To elucidate the mechanistic details for this unique chemical transformation, we report the X-ray crystal structures of FtmOx1 and the binary complexes it forms with either the co-substrate (alpha-ketoglutarate) or the substrate (fumitremorgin B). Uniquely, after alpha-ketoglutarate has bound to the mononuclear iron centre in a bidentate fashion, the remaining open site for oxygen binding and activation is shielded from the substrate or the solvent by a tyrosine residue (Y224). Upon replacing Y224 with alanine or phenylalanine, the FtmOx1 catalysis diverts from endoperoxide formation to the more commonly observed hydroxylation. Subsequent characterizations by a combination of stopped-flow optical absorption spectroscopy and freeze-quench electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy support the presence of transient radical species in FtmOx1 catalysis. Our results help to unravel the novel mechanism for this endoperoxide formation reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, Wupeng -- Song, Heng -- Song, Fuhang -- Guo, Yisong -- Wu, Cheng-Hsuan -- Sae Her, Ampon -- Pu, Yi -- Wang, Shu -- Naowarojna, Nathchar -- Weitz, Andrew -- Hendrich, Michael P -- Costello, Catherine E -- Zhang, Lixin -- Liu, Pinghua -- Zhang, Yan Jessie -- P41 GM104603/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077387/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM093903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM104896/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):539-43. doi: 10.1038/nature15519. Epub 2015 Nov 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. ; Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus fumigatus/*enzymology ; Binding Sites ; *Biocatalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Heme ; Hydroxylation ; Indoles/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/*metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Prostaglandin Endoperoxides/*biosynthesis ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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  • 140
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-18
    Beschreibung: Variant rs351855-G/A is a commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism of coding regions in exon 9 of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 (CD334) gene (c.1162G〉A). It results in an amino-acid change at codon 388 from glycine to arginine (p.Gly388Arg) in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Despite compelling genetic evidence for the association of this common variant with cancers of the bone, breast, colon, prostate, skin, lung, head and neck, as well as soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the underlying biological mechanism has remained elusive. Here we show that substitution of the conserved glycine 388 residue to a charged arginine residue alters the transmembrane spanning segment and exposes a membrane-proximal cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binding site Y(390)-(P)XXQ(393). We demonstrate that such membrane-proximal STAT3 binding motifs in the germline of type I membrane receptors enhance STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting STAT3 proteins to the inner cell membrane. Remarkably, such germline variants frequently co-localize with somatic mutations in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. Using Fgfr4 single nucleotide polymorphism knock-in mice and transgenic mouse models for breast and lung cancers, we validate the enhanced STAT3 signalling induced by the FGFR4 Arg388-variant in vivo. Thus, our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the genetic association of rs351855 with accelerated cancer progression and suggest that germline variants of cell-surface molecules that recruit STAT3 to the inner cell membrane are a significant risk for cancer prognosis and disease progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ulaganathan, Vijay K -- Sperl, Bianca -- Rapp, Ulf R -- Ullrich, Axel -- HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 24;528(7583):570-4. doi: 10.1038/nature16449. Epub 2015 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried. Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Cancer, Parkstrasse 1, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 141
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-30
    Beschreibung: Photoreceptor proteins enable organisms to sense and respond to light. The newly discovered CarH-type photoreceptors use a vitamin B12 derivative, adenosylcobalamin, as the light-sensing chromophore to mediate light-dependent gene regulation. Here we present crystal structures of Thermus thermophilus CarH in all three relevant states: in the dark, both free and bound to operator DNA, and after light exposure. These structures provide visualizations of how adenosylcobalamin mediates CarH tetramer formation in the dark, how this tetramer binds to the promoter -35 element to repress transcription, and how light exposure leads to a large-scale conformational change that activates transcription. In addition to the remarkable functional repurposing of adenosylcobalamin from an enzyme cofactor to a light sensor, we find that nature also repurposed two independent protein modules in assembling CarH. These results expand the biological role of vitamin B12 and provide fundamental insight into a new mode of light-dependent gene regulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634937/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634937/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jost, Marco -- Fernandez-Zapata, Jesus -- Polanco, Maria Carmen -- Ortiz-Guerrero, Juan Manuel -- Chen, Percival Yang-Ting -- Kang, Gyunghoon -- Padmanabhan, S -- Elias-Arnanz, Montserrat -- Drennan, Catherine L -- GM069857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 22;526(7574):536-41. doi: 10.1038/nature14950. Epub 2015 Sep 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Instituto de Quimica Fisica "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28006 Madrid, Spain. ; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Area of Genetics (Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Quimica Fisica "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cobamides/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; Darkness ; Dimerization ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/radiation effects ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Operator Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Structure, Quaternary/radiation effects ; *Thermus thermophilus/chemistry/genetics/radiation effects ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics/radiation effects ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism/radiation effects
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  • 142
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-12-10
    Beschreibung: DNA repair by homologous recombination is highly suppressed in G1 cells to ensure that mitotic recombination occurs solely between sister chromatids. Although many homologous recombination factors are cell-cycle regulated, the identity of the events that are both necessary and sufficient to suppress recombination in G1 cells is unknown. Here we report that the cell cycle controls the interaction of BRCA1 with PALB2-BRCA2 to constrain BRCA2 function to the S/G2 phases in human cells. We found that the BRCA1-interaction site on PALB2 is targeted by an E3 ubiquitin ligase composed of KEAP1, a PALB2-interacting protein, in complex with cullin-3 (CUL3)-RBX1 (ref. 6). PALB2 ubiquitylation suppresses its interaction with BRCA1 and is counteracted by the deubiquitylase USP11, which is itself under cell cycle control. Restoration of the BRCA1-PALB2 interaction combined with the activation of DNA-end resection is sufficient to induce homologous recombination in G1, as measured by RAD51 recruitment, unscheduled DNA synthesis and a CRISPR-Cas9-based gene-targeting assay. We conclude that the mechanism prohibiting homologous recombination in G1 minimally consists of the suppression of DNA-end resection coupled with a multi-step block of the recruitment of BRCA2 to DNA damage sites that involves the inhibition of BRCA1-PALB2-BRCA2 complex assembly. We speculate that the ability to induce homologous recombination in G1 cells with defined factors could spur the development of gene-targeting applications in non-dividing cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Orthwein, Alexandre -- Noordermeer, Sylvie M -- Wilson, Marcus D -- Landry, Sebastien -- Enchev, Radoslav I -- Sherker, Alana -- Munro, Meagan -- Pinder, Jordan -- Salsman, Jayme -- Dellaire, Graham -- Xia, Bing -- Peter, Matthias -- Durocher, Daniel -- FDN143343/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP84260/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 17;528(7582):422-6. doi: 10.1038/nature16142. Epub 2015 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; ETH Zurich, Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada. ; Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada. ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26649820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; *G1 Phase ; G2 Phase ; Gene Targeting ; *Homologous Recombination ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rad51 Recombinase/metabolism ; S Phase ; Thiolester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 143
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-15
    Beschreibung: Cell division requires the precise coordination of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This coordination is achieved by the recruitment of an actomyosin regulator, Ect2, to overlapping microtubules at the centre of the elongating anaphase spindle. Ect2 then signals to the overlying cortex to promote the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring between segregating chromosomes. Here, by studying division in proliferating Drosophila and human cells, we demonstrate the existence of a second, parallel signalling pathway, which triggers the relaxation of the polar cell cortex at mid anaphase. This is independent of furrow formation, centrosomes and microtubules and, instead, depends on PP1 phosphatase and its regulatory subunit Sds22 (refs 2, 3). As separating chromosomes move towards the polar cortex at mid anaphase, kinetochore-localized PP1-Sds22 helps to break cortical symmetry by inducing the dephosphorylation and inactivation of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins at cell poles. This promotes local softening of the cortex, facilitating anaphase elongation and orderly cell division. In summary, this identifies a conserved kinetochore-based phosphatase signal and substrate, which function together to link anaphase chromosome movements to cortical polarization, thereby coupling chromosome segregation to cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Nelio T L -- Lekomtsev, Sergey -- Jananji, Silvana -- Kriston-Vizi, Janos -- Hickson, Gilles R X -- Baum, Buzz -- BB/K009001/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):489-92. doi: 10.1038/nature14496. Epub 2015 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada. ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada. ; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; CelTisPhyBio Labex, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actins/metabolism ; Anaphase ; Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Chromosome Segregation ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetochores/enzymology/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 144
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-13
    Beschreibung: Disruption of the MECP2 gene leads to Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurological disorder with features of autism. MECP2 encodes a methyl-DNA-binding protein that has been proposed to function as a transcriptional repressor, but despite numerous mouse studies examining neuronal gene expression in Mecp2 mutants, no clear model has emerged for how MeCP2 protein regulates transcription. Here we identify a genome-wide length-dependent increase in gene expression in MeCP2 mutant mouse models and human RTT brains. We present evidence that MeCP2 represses gene expression by binding to methylated CA sites within long genes, and that in neurons lacking MeCP2, decreasing the expression of long genes attenuates RTT-associated cellular deficits. In addition, we find that long genes as a population are enriched for neuronal functions and selectively expressed in the brain. These findings suggest that mutations in MeCP2 may cause neurological dysfunction by specifically disrupting long gene expression in the brain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480648/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4480648/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabel, Harrison W -- Kinde, Benyam -- Stroud, Hume -- Gilbert, Caitlin S -- Harmin, David A -- Kastan, Nathaniel R -- Hemberg, Martin -- Ebert, Daniel H -- Greenberg, Michael E -- 1R01NS048276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 4;522(7554):89-93. doi: 10.1038/nature14319. Epub 2015 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Center for Brain Science and Swartz Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Harvard University, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/deficiency/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rett Syndrome/*genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 145
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-06
    Beschreibung: Glutamate transporters terminate neurotransmission by clearing synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space, allowing repeated rounds of signalling and preventing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Crystallographic studies of a glutamate transporter homologue from the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii, GltPh, showed that distinct transport domains translocate substrates into the cytoplasm by moving across the membrane within a central trimerization scaffold. Here we report direct observations of these 'elevator-like' transport domain motions in the context of reconstituted proteoliposomes and physiological ion gradients using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging. We show that GltPh bearing two mutations introduced to impart characteristics of the human transporter exhibits markedly increased transport domain dynamics, which parallels an increased rate of substrate transport, thereby establishing a direct temporal relationship between transport domain motion and substrate uptake. Crystallographic and computational investigations corroborated these findings by revealing that the 'humanizing' mutations favour structurally 'unlocked' intermediate states in the transport cycle exhibiting increased solvent occupancy at the interface between the transport domain and the trimeric scaffold.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4351760/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4351760/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akyuz, Nurunisa -- Georgieva, Elka R -- Zhou, Zhou -- Stolzenberg, Sebastian -- Cuendet, Michel A -- Khelashvili, George -- Altman, Roger B -- Terry, Daniel S -- Freed, Jack H -- Weinstein, Harel -- Boudker, Olga -- Blanchard, Scott C -- 5U54GM087519/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01DA012408/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41GM103521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB003150/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM025862/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098859/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R010EB003150/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01GM098859/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21MH099491/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS085318/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 5;518(7537):68-73. doi: 10.1038/nature14158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] National Biomedical Center for Advanced ESR Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA [2] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. ; 1] Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge - Batiment Genopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; 1] Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1305 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, 445 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Detergents ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteolipids/metabolism ; Pyrococcus horikoshii/*chemistry ; Sodium/metabolism ; Solvents ; Thermodynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 146
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-30
    Beschreibung: Nitrogenases are the enzymes by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia, thereby providing essential nitrogen atoms for higher organisms. The most common nitrogenases reduce atmospheric N2 at the FeMo cofactor, a sulfur-rich iron-molybdenum cluster (FeMoco). The central iron sites that are coordinated to sulfur and carbon atoms in FeMoco have been proposed to be the substrate binding sites, on the basis of kinetic and spectroscopic studies. In the resting state, the central iron sites each have bonds to three sulfur atoms and one carbon atom. Addition of electrons to the resting state causes the FeMoco to react with N2, but the geometry and bonding environment of N2-bound species remain unknown. Here we describe a synthetic complex with a sulfur-rich coordination sphere that, upon reduction, breaks an Fe-S bond and binds N2. The product is the first synthetic Fe-N2 complex in which iron has bonds to sulfur and carbon atoms, providing a model for N2 coordination in the FeMoco. Our results demonstrate that breaking an Fe-S bond is a chemically reasonable route to N2 binding in the FeMoco, and show structural and spectroscopic details for weakened N2 on a sulfur-rich iron site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592811/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592811/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coric, Ilija -- Mercado, Brandon Q -- Bill, Eckhard -- Vinyard, David J -- Holland, Patrick L -- GM065313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):96-9. doi: 10.1038/nature15246. Epub 2015 Sep 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26416755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Carbon/*chemistry ; Electrons ; Iron/*chemistry ; Ligands ; Molybdoferredoxin/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/*chemistry ; Nitrogenase/metabolism ; Sulfur/*chemistry
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 147
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-25
    Beschreibung: U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP is a 1.5-megadalton pre-assembled spliceosomal complex comprising U5 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), extensively base-paired U4/U6 snRNAs and more than 30 proteins, including the key components Prp8, Brr2 and Snu114. The tri-snRNP combines with a precursor messenger RNA substrate bound to U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), and transforms into a catalytically active spliceosome after extensive compositional and conformational changes triggered by unwinding of the U4 and U6 (U4/U6) snRNAs. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy single-particle reconstruction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tri-snRNP at 5.9 A resolution to reveal the essentially complete organization of its RNA and protein components. The single-stranded region of U4 snRNA between its 3' stem-loop and the U4/U6 snRNA stem I is loaded into the Brr2 helicase active site ready for unwinding. Snu114 and the amino-terminal domain of Prp8 position U5 snRNA to insert its loop I, which aligns the exons for splicing, into the Prp8 active site cavity. The structure provides crucial insights into the activation process and the active site of the spliceosome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4536768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nguyen, Thi Hoang Duong -- Galej, Wojciech P -- Bai, Xiao-chen -- Savva, Christos G -- Newman, Andrew J -- Scheres, Sjors H W -- Nagai, Kiyoshi -- MC_U105184330/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A025_1013/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 2;523(7558):47-52. doi: 10.1038/nature14548. Epub 2015 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26106855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; RNA Helicases/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U5 Small Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/chemistry/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 148
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-02
    Beschreibung: Lenalidomide is a highly effective treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 5q (del(5q)). Here, we demonstrate that lenalidomide induces the ubiquitination of casein kinase 1A1 (CK1alpha) by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-CRBN (known as CRL4(CRBN)), resulting in CK1alpha degradation. CK1alpha is encoded by a gene within the common deleted region for del(5q) MDS and haploinsufficient expression sensitizes cells to lenalidomide therapy, providing a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic window of lenalidomide in del(5q) MDS. We found that mouse cells are resistant to lenalidomide but that changing a single amino acid in mouse Crbn to the corresponding human residue enables lenalidomide-dependent degradation of CK1alpha. We further demonstrate that minor side chain modifications in thalidomide and a novel analogue, CC-122, can modulate the spectrum of substrates targeted by CRL4(CRBN). These findings have implications for the clinical activity of lenalidomide and related compounds, and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel modulators of E3 ubiquitin ligases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronke, Jan -- Fink, Emma C -- Hollenbach, Paul W -- MacBeth, Kyle J -- Hurst, Slater N -- Udeshi, Namrata D -- Chamberlain, Philip P -- Mani, D R -- Man, Hon Wah -- Gandhi, Anita K -- Svinkina, Tanya -- Schneider, Rebekka K -- McConkey, Marie -- Jaras, Marcus -- Griffiths, Elizabeth -- Wetzler, Meir -- Bullinger, Lars -- Cathers, Brian E -- Carr, Steven A -- Chopra, Rajesh -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- P01 CA066996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA108631/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082945/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL082945/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 9;523(7559):183-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14610. Epub 2015 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, 89081 Ulm, Germany [3] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Celgene Corporation, San Diego, California 92121, USA. ; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Hematology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. ; University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, 89081 Ulm, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Casein Kinase I/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Jurkat Cells ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Peptide Hydrolases/chemistry ; Proteolysis/drug effects ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Deletion ; Species Specificity ; Thalidomide/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitination/*drug effects
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 149
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-06
    Beschreibung: The conserved co-activator complex Mediator enables regulated transcription initiation by RNA polymerase (Pol) II. Here we reconstitute an active 15-subunit core Mediator (cMed) comprising all essential Mediator subunits from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cryo-electron microscopic structure of cMed bound to a core initiation complex was determined at 9.7 A resolution. cMed binds Pol II around the Rpb4-Rpb7 stalk near the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD). The Mediator head module binds the Pol II dock and the TFIIB ribbon and stabilizes the initiation complex. The Mediator middle module extends to the Pol II foot with a 'plank' that may influence polymerase conformation. The Mediator subunit Med14 forms a 'beam' between the head and middle modules and connects to the tail module that is predicted to bind transcription activators located on upstream DNA. The Mediator 'arm' and 'hook' domains contribute to a 'cradle' that may position the CTD and TFIIH kinase to stimulate Pol II phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plaschka, C -- Lariviere, L -- Wenzeck, L -- Seizl, M -- Hemann, M -- Tegunov, D -- Petrotchenko, E V -- Borchers, C H -- Baumeister, W -- Herzog, F -- Villa, E -- Cramer, P -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 19;518(7539):376-80. doi: 10.1038/nature14229. Epub 2015 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Genome British Columbia Protein Centre, University of Victoria, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z7X8, Canada. ; 1] Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany [2] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25652824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Allosteric Regulation ; Binding Sites ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Mediator Complex/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Transcription Factor TFIIB/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factor TFIIH/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Initiation, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 150
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-17
    Beschreibung: Enhancers, critical determinants of cellular identity, are commonly recognized by correlative chromatin marks and gain-of-function potential, although only loss-of-function studies can demonstrate their requirement in the native genomic context. Previously, we identified an erythroid enhancer of human BCL11A, subject to common genetic variation associated with the fetal haemoglobin level, the mouse orthologue of which is necessary for erythroid BCL11A expression. Here we develop pooled clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 guide RNA libraries to perform in situ saturating mutagenesis of the human and mouse enhancers. This approach reveals critical minimal features and discrete vulnerabilities of these enhancers. Despite conserved function of the composite enhancers, their architecture diverges. The crucial human sequences appear to be primate-specific. Through editing of primary human progenitors and mouse transgenesis, we validate the BCL11A erythroid enhancer as a target for fetal haemoglobin reinduction. The detailed enhancer map will inform therapeutic genome editing, and the screening approach described here is generally applicable to functional interrogation of non-coding genomic elements.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4644101/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4644101/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canver, Matthew C -- Smith, Elenoe C -- Sher, Falak -- Pinello, Luca -- Sanjana, Neville E -- Shalem, Ophir -- Chen, Diane D -- Schupp, Patrick G -- Vinjamur, Divya S -- Garcia, Sara P -- Luc, Sidinh -- Kurita, Ryo -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Fujiwara, Yuko -- Maeda, Takahiro -- Yuan, Guo-Cheng -- Zhang, Feng -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Bauer, Daniel E -- 5DP1-MH100706/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/ -- 5R01-DK097768/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30DK103359-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08DK093705/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K99 HG008171/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99-HG008171/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99HG008399/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL032262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL032262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30DK049216/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 A1084905/PHS HHS/ -- R01 HL032259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG005085/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL119099/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Nov 12;527(7577):192-7. doi: 10.1038/nature15521. Epub 2015 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan. ; Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26375006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Sequence ; CRISPR-Associated Proteins/*metabolism ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Erythroblasts/metabolism ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis/*genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Guide/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 151
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-10
    Beschreibung: HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned. However, recently developed single-cell-based antibody cloning methods have uncovered a new generation of far more potent broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 (refs 4, 5). These antibodies can prevent infection and suppress viraemia in humanized mice and nonhuman primates, but their potential for human HIV-1 immunotherapy has not been evaluated. Here we report the results of a first-in-man dose escalation phase 1 clinical trial of 3BNC117, a potent human CD4 binding site antibody, in uninfected and HIV-1-infected individuals. 3BNC117 infusion was well tolerated and demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetics. A single 30 mg kg(-1) infusion of 3BNC117 reduced the viral load in HIV-1-infected individuals by 0.8-2.5 log10 and viraemia remained significantly reduced for 28 days. Emergence of resistant viral strains was variable, with some individuals remaining sensitive to 3BNC117 for a period of 28 days. We conclude that, as a single agent, 3BNC117 is safe and effective in reducing HIV-1 viraemia, and that immunotherapy should be explored as a new modality for HIV-1 prevention, therapy and cure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caskey, Marina -- Klein, Florian -- Lorenzi, Julio C C -- Seaman, Michael S -- West, Anthony P Jr -- Buckley, Noreen -- Kremer, Gisela -- Nogueira, Lilian -- Braunschweig, Malte -- Scheid, Johannes F -- Horwitz, Joshua A -- Shimeliovich, Irina -- Ben-Avraham, Sivan -- Witmer-Pack, Maggi -- Platten, Martin -- Lehmann, Clara -- Burke, Leah A -- Hawthorne, Thomas -- Gorelick, Robert J -- Walker, Bruce D -- Keler, Tibor -- Gulick, Roy M -- Fatkenheuer, Gerd -- Schlesinger, Sarah J -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- U19AI111825-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 25;522(7557):487-91. doi: 10.1038/nature14411. Epub 2015 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. ; 1] First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany [2] Clinical Trials Center Cologne, ZKS Koln, BMBF 01KN1106, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany. ; 1] First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany [2] German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany. ; 1] Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, New Jersey 08827, USA. ; AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA. ; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & ; dosage/immunology/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage/adverse ; effects/*immunology/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Case-Control Studies ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; HIV Antibodies/administration & dosage/adverse ; effects/*immunology/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/*therapy/virology ; HIV-1/chemistry/drug effects/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Time Factors ; Viral Load/drug effects/*immunology ; Viremia/immunology/*therapy/virology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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