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  • General Chemistry  (11,858)
  • Organic Chemistry  (7,898)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 318-327 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds, 23.  -  Anodic Addition of Ureas and Ethylene Glycol to Conjugated DienesThe anodic addition of 1,3-dimethylurea (4b) to 2,4-hexadiene (9), 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene (10), 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (11), 1,3-cyclohexadiene (12), 1,4-diphenylbutadiene (13) and trans-stilbene (14) yields 4,5-disubstituted 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-ones 16-23. Analogously 1,3-diphenylbutadiene (4c) adds to 9 to form 5-methyl-1,3-diphenyl-4-(1-propenyl)imidazolidin-2-one (24). Urea (4a) and 1,3-diacetylurea (4d) fail to react as a consequence of their insufficient nucleophilicity, N,N'-diacetylethylenediamine (4h) and 1,2-diacetylhydrazine (4g) do not undergo addition owing to their very low solubility in acetonitrile. In an electrolyte consisting of ethylene glycol/acetonitrile, 2,4-hexadiene (9) and 1,3-butadiene (8) afford the glycol ethers 25-28. The formation of all products can be explained in terms of a radical cation 29 as first intermediate.
    Notes: Die anodische Addition von 1,3-Dimethylharnstoff (4b) an 2,4-Hexadien (9), 2-Methyl-2,4-hexadien (10), 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadien (11), 1,3-Cyclohexadien (12), 1,4-Diphenylbutadien (13) und trans-Stilben (14) führt zu den 4,5-disubstituierten 1,3-Dimethylimidazolidin-2-onen 16-23. 1,3-Diphenylharnstoff (4c) addiert sich analog an 9 zu 5-Methyl-1,3-diphenyl-4-(1-propenyl)imidazolidin-2-on (24). Harnstoff (4a) und 1,3-Diacetylharnstoff (4d) lassen sich infolge zu geringer Nucleophilie, N,N'-Diacetylethylendiamin (4h) und 1,2-Diacetylhydrazin (4g) infolge zu geringer Löslichkeit in Acetoniril nicht anodisch mit 2,4-Hexadien (9) umsetzen. In einem Elektrolyten aus Ethylenglykol/Acetonitril entstehen aus 2,4-Hexadien (9) und 1,3-Butadien (8) die Glykolether 25-28. Alle Produkte lassen sich über ein primäres Radikalkation 29 erklären.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 334-340 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XVIII.  -  Reactions of tert-Butylcyanoketene with Cyclic ThioimidatesThe reactions of the ketene 1 with the thiazine 2b and the 2-phenyl substituted heterocycles 2c or d lead to the [1:1]-cycloadducts 4 with the penam or cepham framework, respectively. All the products have the same configuration 4A. The reaction with the thiazolines 2a and 7 gives no β-lactams but, instead, the [2:1]-cycloadducts 5, 8 and the [1:2]-cycloadducts 6, 9 in yields depending upon the reaction conditions.
    Notes: Die Reaktion des Ketens 1 mit dem Thiazin 2b und den 2-Phenyl-substituierten Heterocyclen 2c oder d führt zu [1:1]-Cycloaddukten 4 mit dem Penam- bzw. Cepham-Gerüst. Die Produkte liegen stereochemisch einheitlich in der Konfiguration 4A vor. Aus der Umsetzung mit den Thiazolinen 2a und 7 werden keine β-Lactame, sondern in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen die [2:1]-Cycloaddukte 5, 8 und die [1:2]-Cycloaddukte 6, 9 isoliert.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1426-1439 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Glycosyl Halides of Riburonic Acid via Corresponding ThioglycosidesThe readily available riburonic acid derivative 1 is transformed via the 1,1-bis(ethylthio)-1-deoxo-D-riburono-5,2-lactone (2) into the 2,3-unprotected riburonic amides 7α, β and 8α, β. Both are appropriate starting materials for the introduction of different protective groups in position 2 and 3 of riburonic acid. Exchange of the 1-ethylthio group by chlorine and bromine leads to riburonic acid glycosyl halides, which are interesting synthons in nucleoside and oligosaccharide chemistry. The anomeric configuration of different glycosides of ribofuranose has been conveniently determined by the 1H-NMR chemical shift of the 2,3-O-isopropylidene groups.
    Notes: Aus dem gut zugänglichen Riburonsäurederivat 1 wurden über das 1,1-Bis(ethylthio)-1-desoxo-Driburonsäure-5,2-lacton (2) in wenigen Stufen die 2,3-ungeschützten Riburonsäureamide 7α, β und 8α, β synthetisiert, welche geeignete Zwischenprodukte zur Einführung verschiedener Schutzgruppen in Position 2 und 3 der Riburonsäure sind. Der Austausch der 1-Ethylthiogruppe durch Chlor und Brom führt zu den Riburonsäureglykosylhalogeniden 18-24, welche als Synthesebausteine in der Nucleosid- und Oligosaccharidchemie Bedeutung haben. Die Anomerenkonfiguration verschiedener Glykoside der Ribofuranose kann aus der chemischen Verschiebung der 1H-NMR-Signale der 2,3-O-Isopropylidengruppen bequem erhalten werden.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1456-1464 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis, 11.  -  Phase Transfer Catalytical Conversions of Heterocycles with DihalocarbenesThe conversion of indoles 1 with chlorofluorocarbene yields the products 2-5. Imidazole and CCl2 give low yields of methylidynetriimidazoles 8 and 13, and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole affords methylidynetripyrazole 14 together with traces of the symmetrical pyrimidine 15. Better yields of CCl2, CBr2, and CClF adducts and of products derived therefrom are obtained with 2,5- and 2,3-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydropyran.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der Indole 1 mit Chlorfluorcarben liefert die Produkte 2-5. Imidazole und CCl2 geben in geringer Ausbeute die Methylidintriimidazole 8 und 13; 3,5-Dimethylpyrazol führt zum Methylidintripyrazol 14 neben Spuren des symmetrischen Pyrimidins 15. Bessere Ausbeuten an CCl2-, CBr2- und CClF-Addukten und deren Folgeprodukte werden aus 2,5- und 2,3-Dihydrofuran sowie aus 2,3-Dihydropyran erhalten.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1465-1472 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis, 12.  -  Extent of Halogen Exchange in Bromochlorocarbene ReactionsDibromochloromethane is converted to a mixture of HCCl3, HCBrCl2, HCBr2Cl, and HCBr3 with aqueous sodium hydroxide and a catalyst (benzyltriethylammonium chloride or dibenzo-18-crown-6). In carbene additions starting with HCBr2Cl, the extent of halide exchange depends on the nature of the olefin and the reaction conditions (cf., Tables 2 and 3). Pure bromochlorocyclopropanes are obtained only within a narrow range of experimental conditions and alkenes using dibenzo-18-crown-6. CH insertion products of carbenes from HCBr2Cl are mixtures of CBr2, CBrCl, and CCl2 derived compounds.  -  Attempts are made to explain the special status of dibenzo-18-crown-6 as a catalyst (cf., Tables 3 and 4). CBr2 exhibits differing selectivities towards a pair of alkenes depending on which of the two catalysts is used.
    Notes: Dibromchlormethan geht mit Natronlauge und einem Katalysator (Benzyltriethylammoniumchlorid oder Dibenzo-18-krone-6) in ein Gemisch von HCCl3, HCBrCl2, HCBr2Cl und HCBr3 über. Bei Carbenadditionen, die von HCBr2Cl ausgehen, hängt das Ausmaß des Halogenaustausches von der Art des Olefins und den Reaktionsbedingungen ab (s. Tabellen 2 und 3). Reine Bromchlorcyclopropane werden nur in einem engen Bereich der experimentellen Bedingungen von ganz bestimmten Alkenen erhalten. Auch C—H-Einschiebungsprodukte der Carbene aus HCBr2Cl sind Gemische der CBr2-, CBrCl- und CCl2-Folgeverbindungen.  -  Es wird versucht, die abweichenden Katalysatoreigenschaften von Dibenzo-18-krone-6 (Tabellen 3 und 4) zu erklären. CBr2 - unterschiedliche Selektivitäten gegenüber einen Alkenpaar abhängig davon, welcher der beiden Katalysatoren verwendet wird.
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polycyclic Compounds, XVI.  -  9,10-Diheterosubstituted Hexahydrophenanthrenones via Oxanorbornadiene Bridge Opening with Potassium ThiocyanateHerrn Professor Dr. Horst Pommer mit allen guten Wünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The reaction of oxanorbornadiene 1 with potassium thiocyanate in the presence of mineral acid leads primarily to trans-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-10-thiocyanato-3,4,9,10-tetrahydrophenanthrene-1-(2H)-one (2a) in good yield. The subsequent reactions of 2a to give further 9,10-disubstituted hexahydrophenanthrenones are discussed. Structural assignment of the new compounds is primarily based on their 13C-NMR-spectra.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung des Oxanorbornadiens 1 mit Kaliumthiocyanat in Gegenwart von Mineralsäure führt zunächst in guter Ausbeute zu trans-9-Hydroxy-9-methyl-10-thiocyanato-3,4,9,10-tetra-hydrophenanthren-1(2H)-on (2a), dessen Folgereaktionen zu weiteren 9,10-diheterosubstituierten Hexahydrophenanthrenonen besprochen werden. Die Strukturermittlung der neuen Verbindungen erfolgt insbesondere mit Hilfe ihrer 13C-NMR-Spektren.
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  • 108
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Mechanism of the Cyclisation of 2-Methyl-3-phenylimino-2-butanols to 3H-IndolesHerrn Prof. Dr. Horst Pommer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The imino-tert-butanol 7 rearranges almost quantitatively to the anilinoketone 8 under purely thermal conditions. It is shown that this rearrangement is an essential step in the acid-catalyzed cyclisation of the hydroxyanil 7 to the 3H-indole 10.
    Notes: Das Imino-tert-butanol 7 lagert unter rein thermischen Bedingungen nahezu quantitativ in das Anilinoketon 8 um. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß diese Umlagerung ein entscheidender Reaktionsschritt bei der sauer katalysierten Cyclisierung von 7 zum 3H-Indol 10 ist.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1518-1522 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkaline Hydrolysis of 5-Diazouracil.Mild alkaline hydrolysis of the N1 — C6 bond of 5-diazouracil 1 or its adducts 1a, b followed by ring contraction furnish the alkali salts 2a or 2b of the cyclo-tautomeric 1-carbamoyl-4-formyl-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole (2). The free compound 2 of the salt 2a in its solid state exists as chain-tautomeric N-carbamoyl-2-diazo-3-oxopropanamide (3). Hydrolysis of 2b under more drastic conditions provides the alkali salt 4b of 4-formyl-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole (4). The resulting free compound in its solid state constitutes the cyclotautomeric 4-formyl-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole 4. Warming of 4 in alcohol enriches the chain-tautomeric 2-diazo-3-oxopropanamide (5).
    Notes: Milde alkalische Hydrolyse des 5-Diazourazils 1 oder seiner Addukte 1a, b führt unter Spaltung der N1 — C6-Bindung und Ringverengung zu den Alkalisalzen 2a oder 2b des cyclotautomeren 1-Carbamoyl-4-formyl-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazols (2). Die aus dem Salz 2a erhältliche freie Verbindung 2 liegt im festen Zustand und in alkoholischer Lösung überwiegend als kettentautomeres N-Carbamoyl-2-diazo-3-oxopropanamid 3 vor. Unter schärferen Bindungen kann 2b zum Alkalisalz 4b hydrolysiert werden dessen freie Verbindung im festen Zustand als cyclotautomeres 4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazol 4 vorliegt. Durch Erwärmen von 4 in Alkohol kann man das kettentautomere 2-Diazo-3-oxopropanamid (5) anreichern.
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  • 110
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1606-1613 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrakis(organylthio)butenynes by Reaction of Perchlorobutenyne and Tetrakis(organylthio)-butatrienes with ThiolatesIn the reaction of 1 or 2 with thiolates in DMSO the butenynes 3 would seem to be the direct precursors of the butatrienes 4, which as a rule are readily separable from 3. The reaction 3 ⇄ 4 is reversible. On catalysis with thiolates the butatrienes 4 may be transformed into the butenynes 3. Starting with 1 or 2 butenynes are available only in special cases, as in the reactions with penta-chlorothiophenolate leading to 3a, b, c. The synthesis of mixed substituted compounds 3 or 4 is sometimes complicated by exchange of thiol groups. When 2f is treated with 4-methyl(thio-phenolate) a crystalline mixture of 6 differently substituted tetrakis(organylthio)butatrienes results, as indicated by the mass spectrum. Uniform products (besides 3b, c) are obtained from 2d and e, viz. 3e, 4b, c and 3f, respectively.
    Notes: Allem Anschein nach sind die Butenine 3 in der Reaktion von 1 oder 2 mit Thiolaten in DMSO die unmittelbaren Vorstufen der Butatriene 4, die gewöhnlich leicht von 3 abtrennbar sind. Die Reaktion 3 ⇄ 4 ist reversibel. Unter Thiolatkatalyse lassen sich die Butatriene 4 in die Butenine 3 umwandeln. Ausgehend von 1 oder 2 gelingt die Isolierung von Buteninen nur in speziellen Fällen wie in den Reaktionen mit Pentachlorthiophenolat zu 3a-c. Die Synthese gemischt substituierter Verbindungen 3 oder 4 ist manchmal durch den Austausch von Thiogruppen erschwert. Bei der Behandlung von 2f mit 4-Methyl(thiophenolat) entsteht dem Massenspektrum zufolge ein Gemisch von 6 verschiedenartig substituierten Tetrakis(arylthio)butatrienen. Einheitliche Produkte (außer 3b, c) werden aus 2d und e erhalten, nämlich 3e, 4b, c bzw. 3f.
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  • 111
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1614-1625 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pentakis(organylthio)-1,3-butadienes by Reaction of Perchlorobutenyne and Tetrakis(organylthio)butatrienes or -butenynes with Thiols and ThiolatesThe reaction of 1 mol perchlorobutenyne (1) with 5 mol of aromatic thiolates in DMSO leads to the butadienes 5, while in the presence of free thiols the isomeric compounds 6 are formed. Under prescribed conditions 5 or 6 are also available from butenynes 3 or butatrienes 4. The structure of the addition products is confirmed by the 13C-NMR spectrum of 6d. The preparation of mixed substituted butadienes 9 is complicated by exchange of thiol groups, as demonstrated by the reaction of 4a with cyclohexanethiol and 4-methyl(phenylthiol). Complete exchange of thiol groups with formation of 6d or e occurs if 6a is treated with a large excess of cyclohexanethiolate or tert-butyl thioalcoholate. Under the same conditions 6d and e are obtainable from 5a. Compounds 5a and 6a are readily halogenated to 14 and 15. The reaction courses 1 → 3 → 4 → 5 or 6 and the change of position of hydrogen in the reaction 5a → 6d, e are interpreted in terms of a thiolate catalyzed equilibrium 3 ⇄ 4 with the appropriate carbanions and their different protonation conditions.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von 1 mol Perchlorbutenin (1) mit 5 mol aromatischen Thiolaten in DMSO führt zu den Butadienen 5. Sobald freie Thiole zugegen sind, entstehen dagegen die Isomeren 6. Die Produkte 5 oder 6 sind unter entsprechenden Bedingungen wahlweise auch aus den Buteninen 3 oder Butatrienen 4 erhältlich. Die Konstitution der Additionsprodukte ergibt sich aus dem 13C-NMR-Spektrum von 6d. Die Darstellung gemischt substituierter Butadiene 9 wird durch den Thiogruppenaustausch erschwert, wie an der Umsetzung von 4a mit Cyclohexanthiol und 4-Methyl(thiophenol) gezeigt wird. Ein vollständiger Thiogruppenaustausch unter Bildung von 6d oder e tritt ein, wenn 6a mit einem großen Überschuß an Cyclohexanthiolat oder tert-Butylthioalkoholat behandelt wird. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen wandelt sich auch 5a in 6d oder e um. Die Verbindungen 5a und 6a lassen sich leicht zu 14 bzw. 15 halogenieren.  -  Die Reaktionsabläufe 1 → 3 → 4 → 5 oder 6 und der Platzwechsel des Wasserstoffatoms in der Reaktion 5a → 6d, e werden durch die Annahme eines Thiolat-katalysierten Gleichgewichts 3 ⇄ 4 mit den zugehörigen Carbanionen und deren verschiedenartigen Protonierungsbedingungen gedeutet.
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  • 112
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1635-1642 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of SqualeneThe unsaturated hydrocarbon squalene, C30H50, has been crystallized from ether/methanol 2:5 (m.p. - 5°C) and its crystal structure has been analyzed at - 110°C. Squalene crystallizes with two formula units in the space group P21/n in a cell of following dimensions: a = 761.2(3), b = 627.4(3), c = 2853.3(16) pm, ß = 93.56(3)°. The molecule is in a stretched STCES̄TCESTS̄ETSECTS̄**) conformation with C i-symmetry. Deviations from a fully stretched conformation are caused by the methyl substituents. The techniques used for the handling of low melting crystals are described in detail.
    Notes: Der ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoff Squalen (C30H50) wurde aus Ether/Methanol 2:5 bei - 30°C kristallisiert (Schmp. - 5°C) und die Kristallstruktur bei - 110°C bestimmt. Die monokline Elementarzelle [a = 761.2(3), b = 627.4(3), c = 2853.3(16) pm, ß = 93.56(3)°] enthält zwei Formeleinheiten und gehört zur Raumgruppe P21/n. Die Konformation des Moleküls ist gestreckt (STCES̄TCESTS̄ETSECTS̄)**) und weist Ci-Symmetrie auf. Die Faltung der Squalenkette wird jeweils durch die Methylgruppe benachbarter Moleküle im Kristallgitter hervorgerufen. Die angewandten Techniken der Kristallisation und der Montage bei niedrigen Temperaturen werden in Einzelheiten beschrieben.
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  • 113
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1798-1801 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phytochrom-Modelle, III1). - Die Interkonversionsbarriere der Bilatrien-HelixIn einer 1H-NMR-kinetischen Untersuchung des zentrochiralen Bilatriens 3 wurde eine Interkonversionsbarriere von 42 kJ/mol (205-195 K, statistischer Fehler ± 2 kJ/mol) für die beiden diastereoisomeren Helixkonformationen bestimmt.
    Notes: In a 1H-NMR kinetic study of the centrochiral bilatriene 3, a barrier of 42 kJ/mol (205-195 K, statistical error ± 2 kJ/mol) has been determined for the interconversion of its two diastereoisomeric helical conformations.
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  • 114
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1818-1827 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesen langkettiger 1-Alkylimidazol-2-thiole, 1-Alkylimidazole und einiger verwandter Benzimidazol-VerbindungenDie Synthesen von langkettigen 1-Alkylimidazol-2-thiolen 3 und von 1-Decylbenzimidazol-2-thiol (10), die als nucleophile Abfangreagentien für Sulfenylgruppen (RS+) in lipophilen Membranen2) und als Inhibitoren der Schilddrüsenperoxidase3) einsetzbar sind, wie auch die der entsprechenden 1-Alkyl-imidazole 6 und -benzimidazole 7 werden beschrieben. Da die 1-Decylverbindungen in der Benzimidazolserie auf den Protonentransport des mitochondrialen Systems eine offensichtlich spezifische Wirkung haben, die von ihrer Basizität abhängt2), sind die Halbneutralisierungspotentiale von 7c, 10 und 11 in wäßrigem Acetonitril gemessen worden.
    Notes: This article describes the synthesis of long-chain 1-alkylimidazole-2-thiols 3 and 1-decylbenzimidazole-2-thiol (10), of value as nucleophilic scavengers for sulfenyl groups (RS+) in lipophilic membranes2) and as inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase3), as well as of the corresponding 1-alkylimidazoles 6 and -benzimidoles 7. Because 1-decyl compounds belonging to the benzimidazole series apparently have a specific action on proton translocation in the mitochondrial system, which depends on their basicity2)., the half-neutralisation potentials of 7c, 10 and 11 have been determined in aqueous acetonitrile.
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  • 115
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1802-1817 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactivity of 8-Substituted 5-Deazaflavines, I. - 8-Nitro- and 8-AminodeazaflavinesThe synthesis and properties of 8-amino-7-methyl-5-deazaisoalloxazine (7d) are reported. This chromophore combines the entirely different properties of the nicotinamide and flavine coenzymes. 7d has been synthesized via the analogous nitro derivative 7b by condensation of 6-chlorouracil with N,4-dimethyl-3-nitroaniline to give 6-(3-nitroanilino)uracil 6b, which is formylated in position 5 by Vilsmeier reaction to yield 9b. Cyclisation is performed with polyphosphoric acid and not in the usual way, in situ by POCl3, because the presence of chloride causes replacement of the nitro group of the highly electron-deficient heteroaromatic system by chlorine to yield chlorodeazaflavines 7c and 8c. However, 9b gives mainly the 6-nitro compound 8b and 6c affords the 6- and 8-chlorodeazaflavines in a ratio of 4:6, whereas 6a reacts regiospecifically to give 7a. In contrast to natural flavine, the chlorine in position 8 of 7c is not substituted by nucleophiles; because 5-deazaflavine is inactivated by addtion of bases in position 5. The 8-aminodeazaflavine chromophore 7d differs distinctly from the other deazaflavines 7a-c, because the 8-amino function is included in the tricyclic resonance. Protonation at N-1 to give 14 (pK = 2.5) does not significantly change the chromophoric system, whereas the dication 13e (pK 〈0) is isoelectronic with the 8-nitrodeazaflavinium cation 13b. Comparision of reactivity of the 8-amino-, 8-methyl-, 8-chloro- and 8-nitrodeazaflavines shows that the hydride activity of the oxidized species increases in the sequence 7d, a, c and b, whereas O2 activity of the reduced species 5 decreases in the same sequence. The rate of photoreduction of 5 is not much faster than of 5a, which is explained by the kinetic control of initial photocomproportionation to the 5,5′-dimer.
    Notes: Es wird über die Synthese und Eigenschaften des 8-Amino-7-methyl-5-desazaisoalloxazins (7d) berichtet, eines Chromophors, welcher die grundverschiedenen Eigenschaften der Nicotinamid- und der Flavin-Coenzyme in sich vereinigt. 7d wird zugänglich über das analoge Nitroderivat 7b durch Kondensation von 6-Chloruracil und N,4-Dimethyl-3-nitroanilin zu dem 6-(3-Nitroanilino)uracil 6b, welches nach Vilsmeier 5-ständig zu 9b formyliert wird. Der Ringschluß zum Tricyclus kann nur mit Polyphosphorsäure und nicht in üblicher Weise in situ mit POCl3 erfolgen, da die Anwesenheit von Chlorid zum Austausch der Nitrogruppe des sehr elektronendefizienten Heteroaromaten gegen Chlor führt. Es entstehen dabei die 8- und 6-Chlordesazaflavine 7c und 8c. Aus 9b erhält man jedoch überwiegend die 6-Nitroverbindung 8b und aus 6c die 6- und 8-Chlordesazaflavine im Verhältnis 4:6, dagegen entsteht aus 6a regiospezifisch 7a. Der 8-Chlor-Substituent von 7c ist nicht nucleophil austauschbar, da das 5-Desazafavin - im Gegensatz zum natürlichen Flavin - Basen zunächst unter Desaktivierung in Position 5 addiert. Der Chromophor der 8-Aminoverbindung 7d unterscheidet sich deutlich von den übrigen Desazaflavinen 7a-c, da die 8-Aminogruppe in die tricyclische Resonanz einbezogen ist. Protonierung an N-1 zu 14 (pK = 2.5) verändert den Chromophor nur wenig, während das Dikation 13e (pK 〈 0) isoelektronisch ist mit dem 8-Nitrodesazaflavinium-Kation 13b. Der Reaktivitätsvergleich der 8-Amino-, 8-Methyl-, 8-Chlor- und 8-Nitrodesazaflavine zeigt, daß die Hydrid-Aktivität der oxidierten Stufen 7d, a, c und b in dieser Reihenfolge zunimmt, während die O2-Aktivität der entsprechenden reduzierten Spezies 5 in derselben Reihenfolge abnimmt. Die Geschwindigkeit der Photoreoxidation von 5d mit O2 ist im Vergleich zu 5a nur wenig schneller, was auf eine kinetische Kontrolle der zunächst eintretenden Photokomproportionierung zum 5,5′-Dimer zurückgeführt wird.
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  • 116
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sila-Drugs, 181). - Derivatives of 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)silacyclohexane with 3-(Diethylamino)propyl and 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl GroupsThe preparation of the compounds 3a (and 3b) and 10, which derive from 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)silacyclohexane (sila-chlorophencyclane, IIa), is described. Compound 3b has been investigated pharmacologically and toxicologically. The biological properties of 3b and those of IIa (and chlorophencyclane) and its hydrochloride IIb are compared.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 3a (sowie 3b) und 10, die sich vom 1-(4-Chlorphenyl)-1-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)silacyclohexan (Sila-Chlorphencyclan, IIa) ableiten, wird beschrieben. Die Verbindung 3b wurden pharmakologisch und toxikologisch untersucht. Die biologischen Eigenschaften von 3b wurden mit denen von IIa (sowie Chlorphencyclan) und seinem Hydrochlorid IIb verglichen.
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  • 117
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1928-1930 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on the Iodine Oxidation of S-Tritylcysteine PeptidesWith the aid of two model compounds it is demonstrated that S-tritylcystcine peptides can be converted in high yields (ca. 90%) into the corresponding cystine peptides by iodine oxidation using methanol or dimethylformamide as solvents. Recent findings to the contrary by König und Kernebeck1) are discussed.
    Notes: Anhand der Umsetzung von zwei Modellverbindungen wird gezeigt, daß S-Tritylcysteinpeptide mit Iod in den Lösungsmitteln Methanol und Dimethylformamid in hoher Ausbeute (ca. 90%) in die entsprechenden Cystinpeptide übergeführt werden können. Kürzliche, dazu in Widerspruch stehende Angaben von König und Kernebeck1) werden diskutiert.
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  • 118
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 743-750 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of rac-β-Santalol and rac-β-DehydrosantalolNew syntheses of rac-β-santalol (a constituent of East-Indian sandalwood oil) have been accomplished. The key reaction for the preparation of new C10-building blocks is the cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene with β-formylcrotonic derivatives. The latter are intermediates in the industrial syntheses of polyenes.
    Notes: Für rac-β-Santalol (Inhaltsstoff des ostindischen Sandelholzöls) werden neue Synthesen beschrieben. Schlüsselreaktion ist eine Cycloaddition von Cyclopentadien an β-Formylcrotylabkömmlinge, die bereits Zwischenprodukte technischer Polyensynthesen sind, zu neuen C10-Bausteinen.
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  • 119
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 751-756 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Synthesis of Substituted 5,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones under Mild ConditionsThe synthesis of 3,5,5-trisubstituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones 5 via Knoevenagel reaction in the presence of TiCl4/pyridine in THF is described.
    Notes: 3,5,5-Trisubstituierte 5,6-Dihydro-2H-Pyran-2-one 5 wurden durch Knoevenagel-Reaktion in THF in Gegenwart von TiCl4/Pyridin synthetisiert.
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  • 120
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 757-760 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiazole Derivatives, V.- Reactions of the S-Potassium Salts of S-Alkyl N-Cyano(dithio-carboximidates) with Substituted Benzyl HalidesThe S-potassium salts 1 of S-alkyl N-cyano(dithiocarboximidates) react with substituted benzyl halides 2 to give the S.S'-diesters 3 of N-cyano(dithiocarboximidic acid). Some of these compounds can be cyclized to give the thiazoles 4.
    Notes: Die S-Kaliumsalze 1 der N-Cyan(dithiocarbonimidsäure)-S-ester reagieren mit substituierten Benzylhalogeniden 2 zu den S,S'-Diestern 3 der N-Cyan(dithiocarbonimidsäure). Einige dieser Ver-bindungen können zu den Thiazolen 4 cyclisiert werden.
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  • 121
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, IV. - Partial, Reversible Ring Cleavage of Dicyano-cobyrinic Heptamethyl Ester with Intermediate Reversible Removal of Cobalt
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  • 122
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Metal Complexes, XV1,2). - Anisotropy Effects in the 1H-NMR Spectra of Metal Chelates of 3-Mesitylacetylacetone, IIThe 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes derived from 3-mesitylacetylacetone and Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo show chemical shift differences between their o-and p-methyl signals of Δδ = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm. They do not therefore possess magnetic anisotropies in the chelate rings comparable with those in benzene. The bonding character of these complexes, as well as those derived from Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V and Ce is discussed with regard to their IR spectra.
    Notes: Die 1H-NMR-Spektren der Bis(3-mesitylacetylacetonato)-Komplexe von Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo zeigen durch die Verschiebungsdifferenzen Δδ = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm der o- und p-Methylsignale, daß die Chelatringe keine mit dem Benzol vergleichbare magnetische Anisotropie besitzen. An Hand der IR-Spektren dieser und weiterer Komplexe mit Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V und Ce wird der Bindungscharakter diskutiert.
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  • 123
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 796-802 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Course of the Reaction between Olefins and Thallium(III) Acetate-Trimethylsilyl AzideThe 1-aziridinylazothallium compounds 2a-2c, prepared by treating the olefins 1a-1c with Tl(OCOCH3)3-n(N3)n, react with acyl halides or hexafluoroacetic anhydride to form the corresponding trans-1-azido-2-halocyclohexanes 3f and 3g and the trans-2-azidocyclohexanetrifluoro-acetates 3a-3e in high yields. The thermally induced decomposition of 2b and 2c affords the original olefins 1b and 1c, respectively, via a cheletropic fragmentation reaction. The resulting by-products of this reaction are the trans-1,2-diazido compounds 3h and 3i. In contrast to the spectroscopic data the chemical transformations provide a persuasive proof of the proposed structure of 2a - 2c. A neighbouring group effect of the azide group of the primary intermediates formed by a trans-addition of Tl(OCOCH3)2-n(N3)n+ and N3- is assumed to be the driving force for production of 2a-2c.The 1H-NMR spectra of the complexes derived from 3-mesitylacetylacetone and Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo show chemical shift differences between their o-and p-methyl signals of = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm. They do not therefore possess magnetic anisotropies in the chelate rings comparable with those in benzene. The bonding character of these complexes, as well as those derived from Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V and Ce is discussed with regard to their IR spectra.
    Notes: Die aus Tl(OCOCH3)3-n(N3)n und einfachen, flexiblen Olefinen 1a-1c erhaltenen 1-Aziridinyl-azothallium-Verbindungen 2a-2c liefern mit Säurehalogeniden oder Hexafluoressigsäureanhydrid in Lösung die entsprechenden trans-1-Azido-2-halogencyclohexane 3f und 3g sowie trans-2-Azidocyclohexyl-trifluoracetate 3a-3e in hohen Ausbeuten. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung der Thallium-Addukte 2b und 2c entstehen durch cheletropen Zerfall die Ausgangsolefine. Als Nebenprodukte treten die trans-Diazide 3h und 3i auf. Umsetzungen bestätigen die Struktur dieser spektroskopisch nur schlecht charakterisierbaren Addukte 2a-2c. Als Bildungsmechanismus wird eine durch trans-Anlagerung von Tl(OCOCH3)2-n(N3)n+und N-entstandene Vorstufe postuliert, welche in einer Nachbargruppenreaktion in 2a-2c übergeht.Die 1H-NMR-Spektren der Bis(3-mesitylacetylacetonato)-Komplexe von Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sc, Y, La, Rh, Ti, Zr, Th, Mo zeigen durch die Verschiebungsdifferenzen = 0.11 - 0.23 ppm der o- und p-Methylsignale, daß die Chelatringe keine mit dem Benzol vergleichbare magnetische Anisotropie besitzen. An Hand der IR-Spektren dieser und weiterer Komplexe mit Ag, Co, (Hg), Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, V und Ce wird der Bindungscharakter diskutiert.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 842-857 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Aryl- and Heteroaryl-trimethylsilanes - Scope of “in situ” Grignard SynthesisAryl and heteroaryl halides react upon heating with magnesium and chlorotrimethylsilane in hexamethyl phosphoric triamide to give aryl and heteroaryl trimethylsilanes in good yields. The advantage of the “in situ” Grignard synthesis over other methods is demonstrated. The scope and limit of this synthesis is investigated for variously substituted aryl compounds and various hetero-cyclic systems.
    Notes: Aryl- und Heteroarylhalogenide reagieren beim Erwärmen mit Magnesium und Chlortrimethylsilan in Hexamethylphoshorsäuretriamid in guten Ausbeuten zu Aryl- und Heteroaryltrimethylsilanen. Die Vorteile dieser „in-situ“-Grignard-Synthese gegenüber anderen Verfahren werden be-schrieben, Anwendungsbreite und Grenzen dieser Methode bei verschieden substituierten Aroma-ten sowie unterschiedlichen Heterocyclen untersucht.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 886-898 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [2.2](2,7)Pyrenophane as an Excimer Model: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties
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  • 126
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2118-2120 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on Oligo Ethylene Glycol Ethers of MorphineThe open chain oligo ethylene glycol ethers 4, 5 with two morphine terminal groups have been synthesized and investigated regarding their complex formation. With Ca(SCN)2 · 4 H2O complexes are formed, whose stoichiometry is unclear as yet. The analogous reaction of morphine with 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine (6) led to the by-product 8 and to small amounts of the diether 7.
    Notes: Die offenkettigen Oligoethylenglykolether 4, 5 mit zwei Morphin-Endgruppen wurden synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Komplexbildung untersucht. Mit Ca(SCN)2 · 4 H2O werden Komplexe gebildet, deren Stöchiometrie unklar ist. Die analoge Umsetzung von Morphin mit 2,6-Bis(brommethyl)pyridin (6) führte zum Zwischenprodukt 8 und zu geringen Mengen des Diethers 7.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1122-1124 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyanide Ions with α,β-Unsaturated Esters, III. - A New Synthesis of the Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane SystemReaction of sodium cyanide on diethyl 2,6-dimethyleneheptanedioate (1) yields ethyl 7-cyano-6-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylate (2) by double ring closure. 6-Oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-carboxylic acid (4) and its methyl ester 5 were synthesized from 2. Reaction of 2 with chlorotri-methylsilane yields the enol ether 3.
    Notes: Einwirkung von Natriumcyanid auf 2,6-Dimethylenheptandisäure-diethylester (1) ergibt durch doppelten Ringschluß 7-Cyan-6-oxobicycio[3.2.1]octan-1-carbonsäure-ethylester (2). Aus 2 ent-steht 6-Oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octan-1-carbonsäure (4) und deren Methylester 5. Reaktion von 2 mit Chlortrimethylsilan liefert den Enolether 3.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1130-1136 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Mesoionic 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazine 2,2-DioxidesMesoionic 2,1,3-benzothiadiazine 2,2-dioxides 5 are spontaneously formed by reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (2) with N-alkylamidosulfonylchlorides with loss of methanol. Structure investigations by spectroscopic methods - especially X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy - reveal a positive charge localised at the N3 atom. - By contrast 2 and isocyanates react via stable ureas 8 to give quaternary quinazolinones 9, wich could not be deprotonated to their mesoionic analogs 7.
    Notes: Die mesoionischen 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazin-2,2-dioxide 5 warden spontan aus 2-Aminobenzalde-hyd-dimethylacetal (2) und N-Alkylamidosulfonylchloriden unter CH3OH-Abspaltung erhalten. Strukturuntersuchungen mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Methoden - insbesondere der Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie - zeigen eine Lokalisierung der positiven Ladung am N3-Atom. - Dagegen bilden 2 und Isocyanate über die Stufe der stabilen Harnstoffe 8 quartäre Chinazolinone 9, bei denen eine Deprotonierung zu ihren mesoionischen Analogen 7 nicht möglich ist.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1173-1188 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptide Syntheses with the 2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl Thiol Protecting GroupThe addition of cysteine and its derivatives to β-nitrostyrene yields products useful for conventional peptide synthesis and for syntheses on solid or liquid polymeric supports. The resulting thiol bound 2-nitro-1-phenylethyl (Npe) residue remains stable under the conditions commonly used for the acidolytic cleavage of protecting groups. It can be splitt off under such mild basic conditions that ester bonds are not cleaved. The applicability of the S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl) protection is shown on the synthesis of the antibiotic tripeptide S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteinyl-alanyl-alanin and on a synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione was also obtained by the liquid-phase method starting with polyoxyethylene bound glycine followed by stepwise coupling of tf-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-5-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine and Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid-α-ethyl ester. Furthermore the syntheses of polymer bound β-nitrostyrenes on the basis of polystyrene/divinylbenzene and on polyoxyethylene yielded products useful for addition reactions with the thiol groups of cysteine peptides or any other thiols in aqueous media. Thus cysteine peptides can be removed selectively by reversible addition from peptide mixtures.
    Notes: Die Addition von Cystein an β-Nitrostyrol und dessen Derivate führt zu Produkten, die in der konventionellen Peptidsynthese, sowie bei Synthesen am festen oder flüssigen polymeren Trägern eingesetzt werden können. Der dabei resultierende thiolgebundene 2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl-Rest (Npe) ist unter den acidolytischen Abspaltungsbedingungen für die üblicherweise verwendeten Schutzgruppen stabil. Er läßt sich mit Basen so selektiv wieder abspalten, daß Esterbindungen erhalten bleiben. Die Anwendung des S-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-Schutzes wird an Hand der Synthese des antibiotisch wirksamen Tripeptids S-(2-Nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteinyl-alanyl-alanin und einer Glutathion-Synthese aufgezeigt. Ferner wird, ausgehend von Polyoxyethylen-gebundenem Glycin, durch schrittweisen Anbau von Nα-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cystein und Nα-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminsäure-α-ethylester, Glutathion auch mit der Liquid-Phase-Methode erhalten. Die Synthese von polymergebundenen β-Nitrostyrolen auf Basis von Polystyrol/Divinylbenzol und an Polyoxyethylen führt zu Produkten, die es erlauben, Additionen der Thiolgruppe von Cysteinpeptiden oder anderer Thiole in wäßriger Lösung durchzuführen. Dies eröffnet z. B. die Möglichkeit aus einem Peptidgemisch cysteinhaltige Peptide einfach und spezifisch durch reversible Addition zu entfernen.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1205-1211 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of 3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylene)diphenols1-Chloro-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)propane 5 was converted by C-C coupling in to a mixture of dia-stereomeric 3,4-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)hexanes 6, which could be separated by crystallization into the meso- and rac-compounds 6a and 6b, respectively. After ether cleavage meso-3,3′-(1,2-di-ethylethylene)diphenol and rac-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol (2a and 2b) were obtained; the latter was resolved via the diastereomeric (+)- and (-)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenyl-3,4-bis[3-D-(+)-3-bromo-2-oxo-8-bonanylsulfonates] (7) into (+)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol and (-)-3,3′-(1,2-diethylethylene)diphenol [(+)-2b and (-)-2b]. The absolute configuration of the optical enantiomers could be established by means of oxidative degradation of (+)-2b.
    Notes: Aus 1-Chlor-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)propan (5) wurde durch C-C-Verknüpfung das Diastereomerenpaar 3,4-Bis(3-methoxyphenyl)hexan 6 erhalten. Durch Kristallisation konnten hieraus die meso- und die rac-Verbindungen 6a bzw. 6b isoliert warden. Die Spaltung der Ether führte zu meso-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol und rac-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol (2a bzw. 2b). Verbindung 2b wurde über die diastereomeren (+)- und (-)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenyl-3,4-bis[3-D-(+)-3-brom-2-oxo-8-bornanylsulfonate] (7) in (+)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol und (-)-3,3′-(1,2-Diethylethylen)diphenol [(+)-2b bzw. (-)-2b] aufgetrennt. Die absolute Konfiguration der optischen Antipoden wurde durch oxidativen Abbau von (+)-2b ermittelt.
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1258-1269 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron-Donor-Acceptor Compounds, XXI. - Intramolecular Quinhydrones with [2.2.2.2](1,2,4,5)Cyclophane Structure
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  • 133
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1271-1279 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bicyclic Compounds of the Thiazole and Isothiazole Series3-Aminothiazolo[4,5-c]isothiazoles 3a - c were synthesized from 4-aminothiazole-5-thiocarboxamides 2a - c by oxidative ring closure. 3-Amino-6-bromothieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazole (3d) and 3,6-diaminoisothiazolo[3″,4″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazole (3e) were obtained in a similar manner. A new synthetic route leading to derivatives of 2,5-diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (e. g. 12) from 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole has been found.
    Notes: 3-Aminothiazolo[4,5-c]isothiazole 3a - c wurden aus 4-Aminothiazol-5-thiocarboxamiden 2a - c durch oxidativen Ringschluß hergestellt. In gleicher Weise konnten 3-Amino-6-bromthieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazol (3d) und 3,Diminoisothiazolo[3″,4″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:5,4]thieno[3,2-c]isothiazol(3e) gewonnen werden. Ein neuer Weg zu Derivaten des 2,5-Diaminothiazolo[5,4-d]thiazols (z. B. 12) wurde, ausgehend von 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazol, gefunden.
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  • 134
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1346-1353 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXVIII1). - Investigations in the Series of Amide Derivatives of Orthooxalic Acid, ITrimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2a) alkylates N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyloxamide (4) at one carbonyl oxygen to form dimethylamino(dimethylaminocarbonyl)methoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborate (5a) which reacts with dimethylamine to give bis(dimethylamino)(dimethylaminocarbonyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (7). Compound 7 is only incompletely alkylated by additional 2a. N,N-Dialkyl(triethoxy)acetamides 12, which can be prepared from ethyl triethoxyacetate (11) and dialkylamines in the presence of catalytic amounts of metallic sodium, react on degradation of the ortho ester function with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (2b) to yield (dialkylamino)ethoxy(ethoxycarbonyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborates 14a-c. Only triethoxyacetpyrrolidide (12b) reacts with 2b to form ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (13a). On treatment with sodium methoxide, the salts 14a, b furnish the amide derivatives 17a, b of semiorthooxalic acid. In an analogous way the pyrrolidide derivative 18 of bis(ortho)oxalic acid has been prepared from 13a and sodium ethoxide.
    Notes: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyloxamid (4) wird durch Trimethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat (2a) an einem Carbonylsauerstoff alkyliert. Das dabei entstehende Dimethylamino(dimethylaminocarbonyl) methoxycarbenium-tetrafluoroborat (5a) setzt sich mit Dimethylamin zu Bis(dimethylamino)(dimethylaminocarbonyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (7) um, das durch weiteres Oxoniumsalz 2a nur noch unvollständig alkyliert wird. Die N,N-Dialkyl(triethoxy)essigsäureamide 12, die aus Triethoxyessigsäure-ethylester (11) und sekundären Aminen in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Natrium zugänglich sind, setzen sich mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat (2b) unter Abbau der Orthoesterfunktion um zu den (Dialkylamino)ethoxy(ethoxycarbonyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroboraten 14a - c. Nur Triethoxyessigsäurepyrrolidid (12b) konnte mit 2b in Ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (13a) übergeführt werden. Die Salze 14a, b reagieren mit Natriummethylat zu den Amidderivaten 17a, b der Semiorthooxalsäure. Bei der analogen Umsetzung von 13a mit Natriumethylat wurde das Pyrrolididderivat 18 der Bis(ortho)oxalsäure erhalten.
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  • 135
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1354-1361 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXIX. - Investigations in the Series of Amide Derivatives of Orthooxalic Acid, IIEthoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium tetrafluoroborate (3) reacts with sodium cyanide to give 2,3,3,3-tetraethoxy-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propiononitrile (4a) which is converted by pyrrolidine into a mixture of the nitriles 4b and 4c separable by distillation. On reacting with alcoholate the nitrile group of 4a-c is substituted to form the new bis(ortho)oxalic acid derivatives 5a-c. From trichloroacetonitrile the N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituted trichloroacetamidinium salts 11 are prepared via the amidines 8 and 10. Compound 11a is cleaved by sodium methoxide to form tetramethylurea, whereas sodium cyanide reacts with 11a to give 3,3,3-trichloro-2,2-bis(dimethylamino)propiononitrile (15) The reaction of 15 with sodium ethoxide yields 2,2-dichloro-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,1-ethylenediamine (18).
    Notes: Ethoxy(1-pyrrolidinyl)(triethoxymethyl)carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (3) setzt sich mit Natriumcyanid zum 2,3,3,3-Tetraethoxy-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propiononitril (4a) um. Dieses reagiert mit Pyrrolidin zu einem destillativ trennbaren Gemisch der Nitrile 4b und 4c. In 4a-c läßt sich die Nitrilgruppe bei der Umsetzung mit Alkoholat substituieren, was zur Bildung der neuen Bis(ortho)oxalsäurederivate 5a-c führt. Aus Trichloracetonitril werden über die Amidine 8 und 10 die N,N,N′,N′-tetrasubstituierten Trichloracetamidinium-tetrafluoroborate 11 erhalten. 11a wird durch Natriummethylat in Tetramethylharnstoff gespalten. Dagegen setzt sich 11a mit Natriumcyanid zum 3,3,3-Trichlor-2,2-bis(dimethylamino)propiononitril (15) um, das mit Natriumethanolat zu 2,2-Dichlor-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-l,1-ethylendiamin (18) reagiert.
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  • 136
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses with α-Metalated Isocyanides, XLII. - Bi-, Ter-, and Quateroxazoles from α-Anionized Isocyanides and Acylating Agents; α-Amino Ketones and α,α′-Diamino KetonesThe 5,5′-bioxazoles 7 and the quateroxazole 15 have been obtained from oxalic acid derivatives 6 with anionized isocyanides 2a-d and with anionized methyl 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (5b), respectively. The ester 5b reacts with acylating reagents (type 3) to give the oxazoles 10. The teroxazole 12 has been synthesized from dimethyl oxazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (5a) and lithiobenzyl isocyanide (2b); the oxazole-4-carboxylates 5a, d-I have been obtained from acylimidazolides (type 3) and the isocyanoacetates 1c or d in the presence of triethylamine. - Terephthaldiimidazolide has been condensed (in the presence of triethylamine) with methyl isocyanoacetate (1c) or methyl 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (5b) to give the 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(oxazole)dicarboxylates 17 and 18, respectively. Acidic hydrolysis of the oxazole-4-carboxylates 5i or 5j and of the 5-(isocyanomethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate 5c furnishes (on decarboxylation) the aminomethyl ketones 21a or b and α,α′-diaminoacetone (21c). The ester 5b has been alkylated at the methylene position to yield compounds 22 which gave the αaminoalkyl aminomethyl ketones 21d - g on acidic hydrolysis.
    Notes: Aus den Oxalsäurederivaten 6 wurden mit den anionisierten Isocyaniden 2a - d die 5,5′-Bioxazole 7 und mit dem anionisierten 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäure-methylester (5b) das Quaterazol 15 erhalten. Der Ester 5b lieferte mit Acylierungsmitteln (Typ 3) die 4,5′-Bioxazole 10. - Aus Oxazol-4,5-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (5a) synthetisierte man mit Lithiobenzylisocyanid (2b) das Teroxazol 12, aus Acylimidazoliden (Typ 3) und den Isocyanessigsäureestern 1 c oder d (in Gegenwart von Triethylamin) die Oxazol-4-carbonsäureester 5 a, d-l. - Terephthalsäurediimidazolid ließ sich mit Isocyanessigsäure-methylester (1c) oder mit 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäure-methylester (5b) (in Gegenwart von Triethylamin) zu den 5,5′-(1,4-Phenylen)bis(oxazol)dicarbonsäureestern 17 und 18 kondensieren. - Saure Hydrolyse der Oxazol-4-carbonsäureester 5i und j sowie des 5-(Isocyanmethyl)oxazol-4-carbonsäureesters 5c lieferte (unter Decarboxylierung) die Aminomethylketone 21a und b bzw. α,α′-Diaminoaceton (21 c). Der Ester 5b wurde an der Methylengruppe alkyliert und die Verbindungen 22 zu den (α-Aminoalkyl)(aminomethyl)ketonen 21d-g hydrolysiert.
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  • 137
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1406-1425 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cycloadditions with Dipolar Intermediates, II. - Dipolar Products from AllenecarboxylatesThe allenecarboxylates 2c-c, and in some cases also the allenetri- and allenedicarboxylates 2d and 2e, f react with phosphanes, pyridines, and nucleophilic carbenes or their precursors to give the dipolar 1:1 adducts 10, 11 and 16,18, 20, respectively. These “carbene allene dipoles” represent stable derivatives of trimethylenemethane.
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  • 138
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1443-1443 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on the Synthesis of Benzo[α]fluorantheneCyclodehydrogenation of 9-phenylanthracene (1) by platinum gives benzo[α]fluoranthene (2).
    Notes: Benzo[α]fluoranthen (2) wird aus 9-Phenylanthracen (1) durch Cyclodehydrierung mit Platin erhalten.
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  • 139
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, V1). - Note on the Ozonolytic Fragmentation of Dicyano-10-bromocobyrinic Heptamethyl EsterReaction of dicyano-10-bromocobyrinic heptamethyl ester (1) with 2 equivalents of ozone at - 78°C in methyl acetate and subsequent reductive work up yield the A/D and B/C fragments 4 and 6, respectively.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Dicyano-10-bromcobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (1) mit 2 Äquivalenten Ozon bei - 78°C in Methylacetat führt nach reduktiver Aufarbeitung zu den A/D- und B/C-Fragmenten 4 bzw. 6.
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  • 140
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1447-1455 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Reactions of N,N-Bis(halomethyl)carboxamidesN,N-Bis(chloromethyl)carboxamides 6 are formed by reaction of thionyl chloride with mixtures of carboxamides 1 and twofold molar amounts of formaldehyde. They are also accessible via radical chlorination of N,N-dimethylcarboxamides 3, by cleavage of hexamethylenetetramine (8) with acyl chlorides and from reactions of N-(chloromethyl)carbimidoyls chlorides 4 with formaldehyde in the presence of Lewis acids. N,N-Bis(bromomethyl)benzamide (18a) may be obtained by reaction of N-(bromomethyl)- or N-(chloromethyl)benzamide (15a or 15b) with phosphorus(V) bromide and of 15a with phosphorus(V) chloride.  -  Spectroscopic properties and further reactions of the compounds are described.
    Notes: N,N-Bis(chlormethyl)carbonsäureamide 6 entstehen durch Einwirkung von Thionylchlorid auf Gemische von Carbonsäureamiden 1 und der doppelt molaren Menge Formaldehyd. Sie sind auch durch radikalische Chlorierung von N,N-Dimethylcarbonsäureamiden 3 zugänglich sowie durch Spaltung von Hexamethylentetramin (8) mit Carbonsäurechloriden oder durch Umsetzung von N-(Chlormethyl)carbimidoylchloriden 4 mit Formaldehyd in Gegenwart von Lewis-Säuren. N,N-Bis(brommethyl)benzamid (18a) entsteht nicht nur durch Einwirkung von Phosphor(V)-bromid auf N-(Brommethyl)- oder N-(Chlormethyl)benzamid (15a bzw. 15b) sondern auch von Phosphor(V)-chlorid auf 15a  -  Spektroskopische Eigenschaften und einige Umsetzungen der erhaltenen Verbindungen werden beschrieben.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1473-1482 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra and Conformations of Peroxides and OzonidesThe splitting Δε of the first two ionization potentials of peroxides can be related to the O - O-torsional angle ϕ by the equation Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) The photoelectron spectra of the acyclic or cyclic peroxides 1 - 10, of the 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes 12 and 13, and of the ozonides 14 - 16 have been interpreted with regard to gas phase conformations.
    Notes: Die Aufspaltung Δε der ersten beiden Ionisationspotentiale von Peroxiden läßt sich mit dem O  -  O-Torsionswinkel ϕ über die Beziehung Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) korrelieren. Die Photoelektronenspektren der acyclischen und cyclischen Peroxide 1 - 10, der 1,2,4,5-Tetroxane 12 und 13 sowie der Ozonide 14 - 16 wurden hinsichtlich der in der Gasphase vorliegenden Konformeren ausgewertet.
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  • 142
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metabolites of Microorganisms, 182.  -  Structure Elucidation of the Nucleoside Antibiotic Nikkomycin XIn addition to the previously described nikkomycin Z, the structure of which could be confirmed, a new chitin synthase inhibiting component, nikkomycin X, could be isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces tendae. Nikkomycin X is a structural isomer of nikkomycin Z and contains a 4-formyl-4-imidazolin-2-one unit instead of uracil. The structure was established by spectroscopic methods, chemical degradation and partial synthesis. Biological activity and antibiotic spectra of the two nikkomycins are similar.
    Notes: Neben dem bereits früher beschriebenen Nikkomycin Z, dessen Struktur bestätigt werden konnte, wurde aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Streptomyces tendae eine weitere die Chitinsynthase hemmende Komponente, Nikkomycin X, isoliert, die mit Nikkomycin Z strukturisomer ist, aber anstelle von Uracil 4-Formyl-4-imidazolin-2-on enthält. Die Struktur wurde mit spektroskopischen Methoden, durch chemischen Abbau und durch Teilsynthesen bewiesen. Die biologischen Aktivitäten und die Wirkungsspektren der beiden Nikkomycine sind ähnlich.
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  • 143
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1534-1546 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactions of 4-Aminoisothiazolesα-(Tosyloximino)nitriles 2 react with the thiols 1 having an active methylene group in one or two steps via α-(alkylthioimino)nitriles 3 to yield the substituted 4-aminoisothiazoles 4. 4-Aminoisothiazoles unsubstituted at the 5-position are obtainable by decarboxylation; 4-aminoisothiazole-3-carboxylic acid (7) affords 4-(acetylamino)isothiazole (8). From 4 are synthesized the substituted isothiazolo[4,3-d]triazinones 9, the isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidones and isothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidones 10, 11 and isothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines 12
    Notes: α-(Tosyloximino)nitrile 2 reagieren mit den methylenaktiven Thiolen 1 in ein oder zwei Stufen über die α-(Alkylthioimino)nitrile 3 zu den substituierten 4-Aminoisothiazolen 4. 4-Amino-isothiazole mit freier 5-Stellung sind durch Decarboxylierung erhältlich; 4-(Acetylamino)isothiazol (8) entsteht aus 4-Aminoisothiazol-3-carbonsäure (7). Aus 4 werden die substituierten Isothiazolo[4,3-d]triazinone 9, Isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidone und -[4,5-d]pyrimidone 10 bzw. 11, sowie Isothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine 12 gewonnen.
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  • 144
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1547-1553 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carboxyl Group Activated, α-Functionalized, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, I.  -  A New Route to N-Pyruvoyl Amino Acid Methyl EstersOn photolysis in the presence of bromine, or on heating with sulfuryl chloride, 2,2-bis(trifluoro-methyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones 1 were transformed into 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-ones 2. 4-Alkyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-ones 2b, c are obtained on treatment of 2a with diazoalkanes. Compounds 2 are carbonyl group protected, carboxyl group activated, α-oxo acid derivatives; the reaction of 4-methyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-on (2b) with amino acid methyl esters affords a facile new route to N-pyruvoyl amino acid methyl esters 7.
    Notes: 2,2-Bis (trifluormethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-one 1 liefern bei der Belichtung in Gegenwart von Brom oder beim Erhitzen mit Sulfurylchlorid 2,2-Bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-one 2. Die 4-Alkyl-2,2-bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-one 2b, c werden aus 2a und Diazoalkanen erhalten. Die Verbindungen 2 stellen Carbonylgruppen-geschützte, Carboxylgruppen-aktivierte α-Oxosäure-Derivate dar; die Umsetzung von 4-Methyl-2,2-bis(trifluormethyl)-2H-oxazol-5-on (2b) mit Aminosäure-methylestern bietet einen neuen einfachen Zugang zu N-Pyruvoylaminosäure-methylestern 7.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1689-1695 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclobutenediones, LV1). - Reaction of 4-Bromo-3-phenylcyclobutene-1,2-diones with Sulfur Compounds4-Bromo-3-phenylcyclobutene-1,2-dione (1b) reacts with thioureas 3a-c to give the thiouronium salts 4a-c; the free base 5 was prepared from 4a. Dithiocarbamates 6a-f react with 1b to give the substitution products 9a-f. Xanthogenates react with 1b to give the O-alkyl (2,3-dioxo-4-phenylcyclobutenylthio)thioformates 12 and with S-potassium O-ethyl thiocarbonate to yield 13.
    Notes: 4-Brom-3-phenylcyclobuten-1,2-dion (1b) reagiert mit den Thioharnstoffen 3a-c zu den Thiouroniumsalzen 4a-c; aus 4a wird die freie Base 5 dargestellt. Mit Dithiocarbamaten 6a-f setzt sich 1b zu den Substitutionsprodukten 9a-f um, mit Xanthogenaten zu den (2,3-Dioxo-4-phenylcyclobutenylthio)thioameisensäure-O-alkylestern 12 und mit S-Kalium-O-ethyl(thiocarbonat) zu 13.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1696-1701 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Enehydrazines, 271). - Some Stable Monomethylhydrazones of Dialkyl OxalacetatesThe title compounds 2b-d - intermediates in the cyclization reaction of the dialkyl 2-(1-methylhydrazino)maleates 1b-d to give the alkyl 5-hydroxy-3-pyrazolecarboxylates 3b-d - are trapped and isolated in crystalline form. This was not possible with the dimethyl and diallyl esters 2a and 2e. Hydrolysis of 1b and 1c gives the corresponding oxalacetates 4.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen 2b-d - Zwischenstufen bei der Cyclisierung der 2-(1-Methylhydrazino)maleinsäure-dialkylester 1b-d zu den 5-Hydroxy-3-pyrazolcarbonsäureestern 3b-d - werden abgefangen und in kristalliner Form isoliert. Beim Dimethyl- und beim Diallylester 2a bzw. 2e gelang dies nicht. Die Hydrolyse von 1b und 1c führt zu den entsprechenden Oxalessigsäureestern 4.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, IV1). - Thioketenes from 5-Alkyl- or 5-Heterosubstituted 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles; Indications for the Participation of ThiirenesThe flash thermolysis of the thiadiazoles 3a-i yields the thioketenes 7a-f which can be characterized spectroscopically. However, the cyanothioketenes 7g, h can only be detected by the trapping reaction to give the thioamides 8. Irregularities in the migratory aptitudes of R2 in the Wolfftype rearrangement of the primary fragments 4 indicate that thiirenes 5 participate in the formation of the thioketenes 7.
    Notes: Die Blitzthermolyse der Thiadiazole 3a-i führt zu den Thioketenen 7a-f, die sich spektroskopisch charakterisieren lassen. Die Cyanthioketene 7g, h lassen sich dagegen nur durch die Abfangreaktion zu den Thioamiden 8 nachweisen. Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Wanderungstendenz von R2 in der Wolff-analogen Umlagerung der Primärfragmente 4 deuten auf die Beteiligung von Thiirenen 5 an der Thioketenbildung.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1715-1733 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, III1). - Reactions of Phosphonate Carbanions with Carbon DisulfideThe α-monosubstituted phosphonate carbanions 2 react with carbon disulfide (3) via the primary adducts 4 to give the 1,1-alkenedithiolates 6, which can be characterized by alkylation, oxidation, protonation, and phosgenation to afford the phosphono compounds 7-11. The dithietanones 11 give reactions typical of thioketenes. The α,α-disubstituted phosphonate carbanions 15 add to 3 to furnish the salts 16 which, like 4, show no tendency to give thioketenes in a Horner reaction. Alkylation of 16 yields the phosphono-substituted dithio esters 18. Similarly, 15e and carbonyl sulfide (24) afford the S-alkyl thiocarboxylates 26 via the anions 25, and the reaction with the isocyanates or isothiocyanates 28 furnishes the amides and thioamides 30, respectively, via 29. On heating, the anion 29a forms the alkoxyketenimine 31 giving the first example for the olefination of a heterocumulene by way of a Horner reaction.
    Notes: Die α-monosubstituierten Phosphonat-Carbanionen 2 reagieren mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid (3) über die Primäraddukte 4 zu den 1,1-Alkendithiolaten 6, die sich durch Alkylierung, Oxidation, Protonierung sowie Phosgenierung zu den Phosphonoverbindungen 7-11 charakterisieren lassen. Die Dithietanone 11 geben für Thioketene typische Reaktionen. Die α,α-disubstituierten Phosphonat-Carbanionen 15 setzen sich mit 3 zu den Salzen 16 um, die wie 4 keinerlei Tendenz zur Thioketen-Bildung in einer Horner-Reaktion zeigen. Durch Alkylierung werden aus 16 die phosphonosubstituierten Dithioester 18 zugänglich. Ähnlich entstehen aus 15c und Carbonylsulfid (24) über das Anion 25 die S-(Alkyl)thiosäureester 26 und mit Isocyanaten oder Isothiocyanaten 28 über 29 die Amide bzw. Thioamide 30. Das Anion 29a gibt in der Wärme mit der Bildung des Alkoxyketenimins 31 das erste Beispiel für die Olefinierung eines Heterokumulens nach Horner.
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  • 149
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1756-1767 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Azoles with Inorganic Acid ChloridesTwo methods of preparing 1-imidazolyl derivatives 3 are compared: reaction of 1) imidazole (2) and of 2) 1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole (4) with inorganic acid chlorides 1. - Phosgene (1a) reacts with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (3a) to give imidazole-1-carbonyl chloride (5). Depending on the azolyl group and reaction conditions, treatment of N-(trimethylsilyl)azoles with (chlorocarbonyl)-sulfenyl chloride (13) furnishes the carbonylsulfenyl compounds 16a, 17a, 18a and the carbonyl compounds 3a, 7a or mixtures of the two (18a, b). On elimination of sulfur, the carbonylsulfenyl compounds yield the corresponding carbonyl derivatives 16b, 17b, 18b.
    Notes: Zwei Verfahren zur Darstellung der 1-Imidazolylderivate 3 werden miteinander verglichen: die Umsetzung von 1) Imidazol (2) und 2) 1-(Trimethylsilyl)imidazol (4) mit den anorganischen Säurechloriden 1. - Phosgen (1a) reagiert mit 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazol (3a) zum Imidazol-1-carbonsäurechlorid (5). Aus N-(Trimethylsilyl)azolen erhält man mit (Chlorcarbonyl)sulfenylchlorid (13) - abhängig vom Azolylrest und den Reaktionsbedingungen - die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen 16a, 17a, 18a und die Carbonylverbindungen 3a, 7a oder Gemische aus beiden (18a, b). Die Carbonylsulfenylverbindungen gehen unter Schwefelabspaltung in die entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen 16b, 17b, 18b über.
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  • 150
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1768-1784 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of 3-Thietanones from α,α′-Dibromo Ketones and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide and Their Ring Cleavage2,4-Dimethyl-, 2,2,4-trimethyl-, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanone have been synthesized in good yields by the title reaction. The unsubstituted 3-thietanone and its 2-methyl derivative could not be obtained from the corresponding dibromo ketones. The tendency to form thietanones is proportional to the degree of methyl substitution, thus representing a further example of the “gem-effect”. Apart from polycondensates α,α-dimercapto ketones are formed as competing products, which can be dehydrogenated at the sulfur atom to give 1,2-dithiolan-4-ones. The thietanone ring is cleaved by attack of hydrogen sulfide ion. A redox reaction produces α-mercapto ketones and elemental sulfur, which can undergo further reactions.
    Notes: Mit der Titelreaktion ließen sich 2,4-Dimethyl-, 2,2,4-Trimethyl- und 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-thietanone in guten Ausbeuten synthetisieren. Das unsubstituierte 3-Thietanon und sein 2-Methylderivat konnten aus den entsprechenden Dibromketonen nicht erhalten werden. Die mit steigender Methylsubstitution erhöhte Bildungstendenz der Thietanone ist ein weiteres Beispiel für den “gem-Effekt”. Als Konkurrenzprodukte bilden sich neben Polykondensaten α,α′-Dimercaptoketone, welche zu 1,2-Dithiolan-4-onen dehydriert werden können. 3-Thietanone werden von Hydrogensulfid am Schwefel angegriffen; in einer Redoxreaktion entstehen unter Ringöffnung α-Mercaptoketone und elementarer Schwefel, die sich weiter umsetzen können.
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  • 151
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocyclic 12-π-and 14-π-Systems, 371). - Reactivity of 2,3-Diethoxy(thiapseudophenalenium) Tetrafluoroborate and Syntheses of Corresponding Fulvenes2).Reaction of 2,3-Diethoxynaphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenium tetrafluoroborate (1) with the N-nucleophiles 2a-2d yields the 2-arylimino-3-ethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenes 3a-3d. Compound 1 reacts with fluorenone hydrazone and hydrazone to give the azines 4 and 5, with the C-nucleophiles indan-1,3-dione, barbituric acid, and 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene to give the thiapseudophenafulvenes 6, 7, and 8. Treatment of 1 with N,N-dimethylaniline affords the salt 9, and with 2,6-dimethylaniline the imonium salt 10a. From 2-chloro-3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophen-3-one (11) and N-nucleophiles the 3-hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenimino derivatives 12a - 12c have been obtained. 12c yields with Co(II) acetate and Ni(II) acetate the complexes 13a and 13b, respectively.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von 2,3-Diethoxynaphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenium-tetrafluoroborat (1) mit den N-Nucleophilen 2a-2d ergibt die 3-Arylimino-3-ethoxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophene 3a-3d. Aus 1 entstehen mit Fluorenonhydrazon und Hydrazin die Azine 4 bzw. 5. Mit den C-Nucleophilen Indan-1,3-dion, Barbitursäure und 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorcyclopentadien werden die Thiapseudophenafulvene 6, 7 und 8 erhalten. 1 geht mit N,N-Dimethylanilin in das Salz 9 über und mit 2,6-Dimethylanilin in das Imoniumsalz 10a. 2-Chlor-3H-naphtho[1,3-bc]thiophen-3-on (11) bildet mit N-Nucleophilen die 3-Hydroxy-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]thiophenimino-Derivate 12a - 12c. von denen 12c mit Co(II)-acetat sowie Ni(II)-acetat in die Molekülkomplexe 13a und 13b übergeht.
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  • 152
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1828-1846 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: (Aminoethynyl)metallations, 61). - Reactions of (Silylethynyl)-and (Germylethynyl)amines with KetoketenesThe β-silylated and β-germylated ynamines 1 add the ketoketenes 2 to give preferentially the (3-siloxy- and (3-germyloxy-3-alken-1-ynyl)amines 4, respectively. By-products are the cycloadducts 5i and j and the C-silylated acylynamine 6k. Acid hydrolysis of 4a-f affords the 3-siloxy-3-butenamides 9, the acetoamides 10, and - in few cases - the cyclization products 12; base hydrolysis furnishes acylynamines, e.g. 13. Reaction of 4d with the sulfonyl azides 7 via diazo compounds 15 gives on elimination of nitrogen and intramolecular migration of oxygen the 2-oxo-3-siloxy-N2-sulfinyl-3-butenamidines 16. Ketenes react with the enynamines 4 to yield cyclobutenones of type 17.
    Notes: Die β-silylierten und β-germylierten Inamine 1 addieren die Ketoketene 2 bevorzugt zu den (3-Siloxy- bzw. (3-Germyloxy-3-alken-1-inyl)aminen 4. Nebenprodukte sind die Cycloaddukte 5i und 5j sowie das C-silylierte Acylinamin 6k. Bei der sauren Hydrolyse von 4a-f erhält man die 3-Siloxy-3-butenamide 9, die Acetoacetamide 10 und in einigen Fällen die Cyclisierungsprodukte 12; die basische Hydrolyse liefert Acylinamine wie 13. Das Eninamin 4d reagiert mit Sulfonylaziden 7 über die Diazoverbindungen 15 unter Stickstoffabspaltung und intramolekularer Sauerstoffverschiebung zu den 2-Oxo-3-siloxy-N2-sulfinyl-3-butenamidinen 16. Mit Ketenen liefern die Eninamine 4 Cyclobutenone vom Typ 17.
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Purines, XIII1). - Simplified Syntheses of 7-Methyl- and 1,7-Dimethyl-xanthines and -uric AcidsThe facile nucleophilic substitution of the halogen atom in 6-amino-1-benzyl-5-bromouracil (2) by the methylamino group to give 6-amino-1-benzyl-5-(methylamino)uracil (3) opens a new route for the synthesis of 7-methylxanthines (12-15) and 7-methyluric acids (16-19). The 1-benzyl group acts as a necessary blocking group in the substitution reaction and can be removed from the pyrimidine intermediate by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C in aqueous ammonia to yield the 5-formyl- (4, 6) and 5-ethoxycarbonyl derivatives (5, 7). Debenzylation of the xanthine (12, 13) and uric acid derivatives (16, 17) could not be achieved. Cyclization of the 6-amino-5-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)uracils (8, 10) to give 7-methyl- (14) and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (15) requires additional activation by POCl3 in DMF, and vigorous conditions are likewise necessary for the formation of the 7-methyl- (18) and 1,7-dimethyl uric acid (19) from the 5-(N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino) derivatives (9, 11) by treatment with sodium alkoxide at 200-250°C.
    Notes: Die leichte nucleophile Substituierbarkeit des Halogenatoms im 6-Amino-1-benzyl-5-bromuracil (2) durch die Methylaminogruppe zum 6-Amino-1-benzyl-5-(methylamino)uracil (3) wird zur Synthese von 7-Methylxanthinen (12-15) und 7-Methylharnsäuren (16-19) ausgenutzt. Der 1-Benzylrest dient als notwendige Schutzgruppe für die Substitutionsreaktion und kann auf der Pyrimidinstufe bei den 5-Formyl- (4, 6) und 5-Ethoxycarbonyl-Derivaten (5, 7) durch Hydrierung mit Pd/C-Katalysator in ammoniakalischer Lösung sehr leicht abgespalten werden. Die Entbenzylierung der Xanthin- (12, 13) und Harnsäure-Derivate (16, 17) gelingt nicht. Die Ringschlußreaktion der 6-Amino-5-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)uracile (8, 10) zum 7-Methyl- (14) und 1,7-Dimethylxanthin (15) erfordert zusätzliche Aktivierung durch POCl3 in DMF, und entsprechend energische Bedingungen sind für die Cyclisierung der 5-(N-Ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylamino)-Derivate (9, 11) zu 7-Methyl- (18) und 1,7-Dimethylharnsäure (19) mit Natriumalkoholaten bei 200-250°C notwendig.
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  • 154
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleosides, XXXI1). - Synthesis and Properties of 1,2- and 2,6-N-Polymethylene-bridged AdenosinesTreatment of 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carbonitrile (1) with various cyclic imido esters 3-8 in boiling butanol leads, depending on the ring-size of the reagent, to 1,2- and 2,6-N-polymethyleneadenosines 9-11 and 14-16, respectively. The latter type of compounds results from a Dimroth rearrangement of the initially formed 1,2-bridged adenosines. The influence of ring-size on the Dimroth rearrangement is apparent from alkali treatment of 9 and 10: no isomerization occurs but hydrolysis instead gives the corresponding inosine derivatives 12 and 13. The compounds have been characterized by UV spectra and pKa values. The different, structurally determined protonation sites in the cation forms were established by 13C-NMR studies.
    Notes: Die Umsetzungen des 5-Amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazol-4-carbonitrils (1) mit den verschiedenen cyclischen Imidoestern 3-8 in siedendem Butanol führt in Abhängigkeit von der Ringgliederzahl des Agens zu 1,2- bzw. 2,6-N-Polymethylenadenosinen 9-11 bzw. 14-16, von denen letzterer Verbindungstyp im Sinne einer Dimroth-Umlagerung aus den primär gebildeten 1,2-überbrückten Adenosinen gebildet wird. Der Einfluß der Ringgröße auf die Dimroth-Umlagerung wird aus der Alkali-Behandlung von 9 und 10 ersichtlich, die keine Isomerisierung, sondern Verseifung zu den Inosin-Derivaten 12 und 13 zeigt. Die Verbindungen werden durch UV-Spektren und pKa-Werte charakterisiert und die strukturbedingten unterschiedlichen Protonierungsstellen in den Kation-Formen durch13C-NMR-Studien festgelegt.
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  • 155
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 5,5-Disubstituted 1,3-Cyclopentadienes via Cyclization of 3,3-Dialkylglutaric Esters or Ring Expansion of 3,4-DichlorocyclobuteneThe synthesis of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (1a) by cyclization of 3,3-dimethylglutaric esters 2 has been improved and applied to the preparation of 5,5-diethyl-, 5-ethyl-5-methyl-, and 5-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (1b, 1c, and 1d). A novel synthesis of 5,5-dialkyl substituted cyclopentadienes 1 by ring expansion of 3,4-dichlorocyclobutene (9) with diazoalkanes 10a-c via the 2,3-dichlorobicyclopentanes 13 or 14 offers easier access to these hydrocarbons. The formation of 5,5-dialkylbicyclo[2.1.0]pent-2-enes 8 on dehalogenation of the dihalogen compounds 13 or 14 could not be demonstrated neither at low temperatures nor by use of metal carbonyls as dehalogenating agents. Dehalogenation leads directly to the cyclopentadiene system.
    Notes: Die bekannte Synthese von 5,5-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclopentadien (1a) durch Cyclisierung von 3,3-Dimethylglutarsäureestern 2 wurde verbessert und auf die Darstellung von 5,5-Diethyl-, 5-Ethyl-5-methyl- und 5-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-cyclopentadien (1b, 1c und 11d) übertragen. Eine neue Synthese 5,5-disubstituierter 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 1 durch Ringerweiterung des 3,4-Dichlorcyclobutens (9) mit Diazoalkanen 10a-c über die 2,3-Dichlorbicyclopentane 13 oder 14 ermöglicht einen wesentlich kürzeren Zugang zu diesen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die Bildung von 5,5-Dialkylbicyclo-[2.1.0]pent-2-enen 8 bei der Dehalogenierung der Dihalogenverbindungen 13 oder 14 konnte weder bei tiefer Temperatur noch bei Einsatz von Metallcarbonylen als Dehalogenierungsmittel nachgewiesen werden. Die Dehalogenierung führt direkt zum Cyclopentadiensystem.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1925-1927 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Note on a Simple Variant of Hofmann EliminationQuaternary ammonium salts with different anions undergo Hofmann elimination in high yields on heating with alkali hydroxides in polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
    Notes: Quartäre Ammoniumsalze mit verschiedenen Anionen erleiden Hofmann-Eliminierung in hohen Ausbeuten beim Erhitzen mit Alkalihydroxiden in Polyethylenglykolmonomethylether.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 158
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1931-1944 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ESR Studies in the Thioamide Series, VI.  -  Radical Anions of N,N-Dialkylbenzamides, -thiobenzamides, and -selenobenzamidesRadical anions of the title compounds 1-9 were generated by in-situ electroreduction and studied by ESR spectroscopy. Earlier assignments and interpretations of hfs splittings are partly revised. The radical anions of benzamides exhibit nonequivalency of the respective ortho and meta position in contrast to the higher homologues. - It is shown, that CSNR2 and CSeNR2 groups withdraw a great deal of spin density from the aromatic ring and are thus comparable with the nitro group.
    Notes: Durch in-situ-Elektroreduktion erzeugte Radikalanionen von Benzamiden 1-3, Thiobenzamiden 4-6 und Selenobenzamiden 7-9 werden ESR-spektroskopisch untersucht (Abbildungen 1 - 4). Dabei werden frühere Zuordnungen und Interpretationen von Hyperfeinstruktur-Aufspaltungen teilweise revidiert. Bei den Benzamid-Radikalanionen besteht bei Raumtemperatur Nichtäquivalenz der jeweiligen ortho- und meta-Positionen, bei den höheren Homologen dagegen nicht.  -  Es wird gezeigt, daß die CSNR2- und CSeNR2-Gruppen als Substituenten in aromatischen Radikalanionen dem Benzolring viel Spindichte entziehen und in dieser Hinsicht der Nitrogruppe ähneln.
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  • 159
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1952-1959 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Course of the Catalytical Hydrogenation of Cinnamonitrile with Raney-Nickel in Presence of Sulfuric acidCinnamonitrile (1) can be hydrogenated selectively with Raney-Nickel in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and, depending upon the solvent used, into the corresponding aldehyde 2 without attack at the C=C-bond.  -  With other solvents either 3-phenylpropanal (4) or 3-phenylpropanol (5) is formed.
    Notes: Zimtsäurenitril (1) läßt sich mit Raney-Nickel in Gegenwart konzentrierter Schwefelsäure und abhängig vom verwendeten organischen Lösungsmittel selektiv unter Erhalt der C=C-Bindung zum entsprechenden Aldehyd 2 hydrieren.  -  Mit anderen Lösungsmitteln entsteht entweder 3-Phenylpropanal (4) oder 3-Phenylpropanol (5).
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1977-1991 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-Oxosulfones, 2.  -  Synthesis of α-Oxosulfones by OzonolysisThe hitherto unknown α-oxosulfones 2 have been synthesized by ozonolytic cleavage of α-diazosulfones 1 (method A) or α-(methoxymethylene)sulfones 6 (method B).
    Notes: Durch Ozonspaltung von α-Diazosulfonen 1 (Methode A) oder von α-(Methoxymethylen)sulfonen 6 (Methode B) in aprotischem Medium werden bisher nicht bekannte α-Oxosulfone 2 hergestellt.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1969-1976 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermally Unstable Allenes, XI.  -  Trichloroallenecarbonitrile and TrichloroallenecarboxamideThe synthesis of the thermally unstable title compounds 3 and 8 starting from the 2-hydroxy nitriles 1a, b via the nitriles 2a, b and the amide 5a is described. Dimerization of the allenes 3 and 8 occurs rapidly at room temperature giving 6 and 9, respectively. The amide 5a is available from the corresponding acid chloride, only when an excess of ammonia is meticulously avoided. Otherwise the allene 8 is formed, which rapidly adds ammonia. The resulting primary enamine 10 is very stable. Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid leads to the β-oxocarboxamide 13. The ketoenol equilibrium 13 ⇌ 14 was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Synthese der im Titel genannten thermisch instabilen Allene 3 und 8 aus den 2-Hydroxynitrilen 1a, b über die Nitrile 2a, b und das Amid 5a wird beschrieben. 3 und 8 dimerisieren bei Raumtemperatur rasch zu 6 bzw. 9. Das Amid 5a ist aus dem zugehörigen Säurechlorid nur zugänglich, wenn ein Ammoniaküberschuß peinlich vermieden wird. Andernfalls entsteht das Allen 8, das sehr rasch Ammoniak addiert. Das so erhaltene primäre Enamin 10 ist sehr stabil. Seine Hydrolyse mit Salzsäure liefert das β-Oxocarbonsäureamid 13. Das Keto-Enol-Gleichgewicht 13 ⇌ 14 wurde 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2011-2017 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Anthracyclinones, XI.  -  Synthesis of 4-Deoxy-β1-rhodomycinone by Intramolecular Marschalk ReactionThe intramolecular Marschalk reaction of the aldehyde 6 yields 4-deoxy-β1-rhodomycinone (7a) and the corresponding cis-diol 8a in high yield.
    Notes: Die intramolekulare Marschalk-Reaktion des Aldehyds 6 liefert in hohen Ausbeuten 4-Desoxy-β1-rhodomycinon (7a) und das entsprechende cis-Diol 8a.
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2018-2027 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Anthracyclinones, XII.  -  Total Synthesis of rac-β1-RhodomycinoneThe BF3 catalysed Diels-Alder reaction of isoprene with 15 proceeds regioselectively at room temperature to give the desired adduct 17; at 40°C the by-products 21 and 22 are formed. 17 is transformed into β1-rhodomycinone (2a) by retrodiene reaction to 8, simultanous isomerization and ether cleavage to 12, epoxidation of 12 followed by opening of the epoxide 26 with sodium acetate and saponification.
    Notes: Die BF3-katalysierte Diels-Alder-Reaktion von Isopren mit 15 verläuft bei Raumtemperatur regioselektiv zugunsten des Addukts 17; bei 40°C werden die Nebenprodukte 21 und 22 gebildet. 17 wird durch Retrodienreaktion in 8, durch gleichzeitige Isomerisierung und Etherspaltung in 12 übergeführt. Epoxidierung von 12 zu 26, dessen Ringöffnung mit Natriumacetat und nachfolgende Verseifung führen zu β1-Rhodomycinon (2a).
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2036-2042 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: α-Oxocarbene-Oxirene Isomerization; Photolysis of [1-12C]-1-Diazo-2-propanone and [1-13C]-2-DiazopropanalThe mutual interconversion of acetylcarbene (10) and formyl(methyl)carbene (12) via methyloxirene (11) is investigated by photochemical nitrogen elimination from [1-12C]-1-diazo-2-propanone (8) and [1-13C]-2-diazopropanal (9). As concluded from the labelling distribution in the photolysis products of 8 and 9, the Wolff rearrangement proceeds in both cases predominantly from formyl-(methyl)carbene (12).
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der photochemischen Stickstoff-Abspaltung aus [1-12C]-1-Diazo-2-propanon (8) und [1-13C]-2-Diazopropanal (9) wird die wechselseitige Umwandlung von Acetylcarben (10) und Formyl(methyl)carben (12) über Methyloxiren (11) untersucht. Aus der Markierungsverteilung in den Photolyseprodukten von 8 und 9 folgt, daß in beiden Fällen die Wolff-Umlagerung überwiegend vom Formyl(methyl)carben (12) ausgeht.
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  • 165
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2043-2056 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Photochemistry, XXXIV.  -  S-Esters of Thiophencarbothioic Acids. Synthons for Thienothiochromones and ThienoazathiochromonesOn UV irradiation in benzene S-aryl esters 4c - e, 9a - c of 3-bromothiophen-2- and thiophen-3-carbothioic acid yield thienobenzothiopyranones 7 and 11, respectively. The corresponding S-pyridyl esters 4f, g, 9e, f of these thiophencarbothioic acids give the thienothiopyranopyridinones 8a, b and 14a, b, respectively, which are new heterocyclic ring systems. - The constitutional requirements for the formation of these heterocycles by photocyclization via thiolester-thiopyrone-transformation are discussed. Only 9a photocyclizes in a twofold manner with formation of thienobenzothiopyranone 11a and thienothiocoumarin 12. - Compound 12, thiophen-2-carbaldehyde 5c, and S-ester 6 are products of intra- or intermolecular aromatic photosubstitutions of halogen by phenyl. - The majority of S-esters 4 and 9 also yield thiophenecarbaldehydes 5 or 10, respectively, which can even be main products of the photoreactions.
    Notes: Die S-Arylester 4c - e, 9a - c der 3-Bromthiophen-2-carbonsäuren und Thiophen-3-thiocarbon-säuren liefern bei UV-Bestrahlung in Benzol die Thienobenzothiopyranone 7 bzw. 11. Entsprechend erhält man aus den S-Pyridylestern 4f, g, 9e, f dieser Thiophenthiocarbonsäuren die Thienothiopyranopyridinone 8a, b bzw. 14a, b, die neue heterocyclische Ringsysteme darstellen. - Die konstitutionellen Voraussetzungen für die Bildung dieser Heterocyclen durch Photocyclisierung über Thiolester-Thiopyron-Transformation werden diskutiert. Lediglich 9a photocyclisiert in zweifacher Weise zum Thienobenzothiopyranon 11a und zum Thienothiocumarin 12. - Die Verbindung 12, der Thiophen-2-carbaldehyd 5c und der S-Ester 6 sind Produkte intra- oder inter-molekularer aromatischer Photosubstitutionen von Halogen gegen Phenyl. - Die Mehrzahl der S-Ester 4 und 9 liefern bei UV-Bestrahlung auch die Thiophencarbaldehyde 5 bzw. 10 als Neben-oder Hauptprodukte.
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  • 166
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 2089-2095 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Orthoamides, XXX.  -  Synthesis of Carbonic Orthoamide Derivatives1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexamethylguanidinium chloride (8b), generated in situ from N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride (10a) and dimethylamine, reacts with sodium alkoxides to form alkoxy-N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylmethanetriamines 5a - c. By-products in this synthesis are urea-acetals 3a, b. On treatment with sodium isopropylate the guanidinium salt 8a does not yield any 5c. - Bis(dimethylamino)ethoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborate (9a) and bis(dimethylamino)methoxycarbenium methylsulfate (9b) are converted by dimethylamine to guanidinium salts 8a and 8c, respectively. The action of excessive pyrrolidine on 9a affords tri-1-pyrrolidinylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate (8d).
    Notes: Das in situ aus N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchlorformamidiniumchlorid (10a) und Dimethylamin erhaltene 1,1,2,2,3,3-Hexamethylguanidiniumchlorid (8b) setzt sich mit Natriumalkoholaten zu den Alkoxy-N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylmethantriaminen 5a - c um, wobei als Nebenprodukte die Harnstoff-acetale 3a, b isoliert werden. Das Guanidiniumsalz 8a reagiert mit Natriumisopropylat nicht zu 5c. - Bis(dimethylamino)ethoxycarbenium-tetrafluoroborat (9a) und Bis(dimethylamino)methoxycarbenium-methylsulfat (9b) reagieren mit Dimethylamin zu den Guanidiniumsalzen 8a bzw. 8c. Aus 9a und überschüssigem Pyrrolidin bildet sich Tri-1-pyrrolidinyl-carbenium-tetrafluoroborat (8d).
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  • 167
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Organomagnesium Halides to C=C-Bonds, XV.  -  Note on a Regioselective Addition of 2-Butenylmagnesium Chloride to (Perfluorohexyl)ethylene2-Butenylmagnesium chloride (1) adds to (perfluorohexyl)ethylene (2) in such a way that the metal is attached exclusively to the secondary C atom. MgF-elimination transforms the adduct 3 into 6-fluoro-3-methyl-6-(perfluoropentyl)-l,5-hexadiene (4).
    Notes: 2-Butenylmagnesiumchlorid (1) addiert sich an (Perfluorhexyl)ethylen (2) ausschließlich so, daß sich das Metall an das sekundäre C-Atom anlagert. Durch MgF-Eliminierung entsteht aus dem Addukt 3 6-Fluor-3-methyl-6-(perfluorpentyl)-l,5-hexadien (4).
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  • 168
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: capacitation ; acrosomal enzymes ; rabbit sperm ; acrosomal membranes ; fertilization ; lysosomal enzymes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Significant release of the acrosomal enzymes arylsulfatase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase and hyaluronidase was observed following the treatment of ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa for 12 hours in 20% rabbit serum for inducing in vitro capacitation, and these sperm were capable of in vivo fertilization; however, the treatment of sperm for 15 minutes in high ionic strength (380 mOsm/kg) or low ionic strength medium (305 mOsm/kg) for in vitro capacitation did not result in any significant release of the above enzymes nor were the sperm capable of in vivo fertilization. Serum-treated spermatozoa remained significantly motile following the 12 hour treatment, 51% underwent the acrosome reaction and were capable of fertilizing 66% of the ova in vivo. Identical serum treatment of lysosomes from rabbit liver resulted in a comparable release of the lysosomal enzymes. Serum treatment for in vitro capacitation resulted in vesiculation of the anterior margin of half the spermatozoa, but left their inner acrosomal membranes and equatorial segments intact. A biochemical relationship between the release of acrosomal enzymes and capacitation is suggested.
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  • 169
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: fertilization ; acrosome reaction ; sea urchins ; cross-fertilization ; species specificity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sperm of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus undergo the acrosome reaction in the jelly coat or on the surface of the vitelline layer of Pseudocentrotus depressus eggs and can fertilize the latter, whereas those of P depressus do not undergo the acrosome reaction even after they strike the vitelline layer of H pulcherrimus eggs and cannot cross-fertilize.In the latter combination, however, if cross-insemination is performed in the presence of homologous egg water, cross-fertilization becomes less difficult than in normal seawater, and percentage cross-fertilization rises as does percentage acrosome reaction. It is suggested that the cross-fertilizability of this combination depends highly on the inductivity of the acrosome reaction. The reason why such a causal relation is observed is discussed.
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  • 170
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; spermiogenesis ; male germ cells ; centriole ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the course of the reorganization and degeneration of the proximal centriole in the mature acentriolate spermatozoon of the Mongolian gerbil, both the proximal and distal centrioles appear in the early cap phase of spermatid development. During the acrosome phase, both distal and proximal centrioles become highly active in the formation of a segmented column. The proximal centriole becomes actively involved in the formation of the capitulum, while the distal centriole forms the axonemal complex and dense fibers. During the maturation phase of spermatid development, the “pinwheel” arrangement of the proximal centriole becomes an “S”-shaped structure, turned 90° on its vertical axis. The few “doublet” microtubules that can be detected later in that stage completely disappear during spermiation. The distal centriolar area develops a single central pair of microtubules and membranous elements. Another prominent feature in the neck region of the gerbil spermatozoa is the presence of two dense rudimentary columns in association with the mitochondria. Although their density is similar to that of the other columns, these two columns have no connection with the dense fibers; in fact, they are closely associated with the mitochondria.
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  • 171
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 53-64 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; plasma membrane ; glycoproteins ; free acidic groups ; farm mammals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ejaculated spermatozoa of boars, bulls, rabbits, and rams were embedded in glycolmethacrylate and thin sections stained with phosphotungstic acid at low pH in order to observe the distribution of glycoproteins of the plasma membrane. Colloidal iron hydroxide was also used to detect the free acidic groups present on the sperm surface. Species-specific patterns of localizations of glycoproteins and linked negative charges were observed. The distribution was sometimes homogeneous as in bull, but generally heterogeneous in the other species. The significance of the results on sperm surface components and the practical interest to know their normal distribution are discussed.
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  • 172
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 43-51 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; acrosome ; glycoproteins ; farm mammals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ejaculated spermatozoa of boars, bulls, rabbits, and rams were fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded in glycolmethacrylate. Thin sections were treated with phosphotungstic acid at low pH in order to localize cellular glycoproteins stained by the PAS technique at the light microscope level. At the ultrastructural level the glycoproteins were segregated in the anterior segment of mature spermatozoa. The distribution of these glycoproteins in the anterior segment was not homogeneous; it appeared species-specific in detail, but as a rule, the maximum concentration was observed in a superficial layer, especially in the marginal thickening. The localization of other acrosomal components (eg, crystalline and basic proteins) is also reviewed. The origin and significance of the segregation of proteins and glycoproteins in the acrosome are discussed in relation to the fact that the acrosomal enzymes analyzed so far are glycoproteins.
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  • 173
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 65-73 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: embryo transfer ; embryo culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Embryo transfer experiments were carried out to study the developmental capacity of cultured rabbit embryos when transferred to recipients of variable postovulatory maturity. Rabbit embryos were flushed from the oviduct at 26 hours postcoitum (pc) and cultured in a modified Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a period of 70 hours. At 96 hours pc the cultured embryos, which ranged from the early morula to the expanding blastocyst stage, were transferred to pseudopregnant recipients mated to vasectomized males 36 to 96 hours prior to the transfer procedure. Greatest embryo survival occurred when transfers were made to either the oviducts or uterine horns of recipients at 48 hours pc. Intermediate results for both implantation rates and number of young born were obtained with recipients at 36, 60, 72, and 84 hours pc. Transferred embryos consistently failed to survive the uterine environment of recipients 96 hours pc at transfer although this group was synchronous with embryonic chronological age. Oviductal transfers were generally more successful than uterine transfers. Markedly higher rates of embryo survival resulted from embryos that were collected 60 and 72 hours pc and transferred directly to synchronous recipients without an interim period of culture. Dissimilarity of development for in vivo grown rabbit embryos and those cultured in synthetic medium is demonstrated.
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  • 174
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: sperm penetration ; premature cortical reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The method of in vitro fertilization was applied to test a previous suggestion that the lowered fertilizability of the tubal oocytes of female KE strain mice and the high resistance of their zona pellucida to proteolytic enzymes, are due to the premature cortical reaction taking place near the time of ovulation. Therefore higher fertilizability of ovarian oocytes is expected.The effectiveness of F1 hybrid sperm penetration into ovarian and tubal KE oocytes confirmed these assumptions. The ovarian KE oocytes recovered 9-10 hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) showed significantly higher penetrability (70-83%) than did the tubal oocytes recovered 12 hours after HCG (about 50%) and 14-16 hours after HCG (20%).Similar results were obtained with C57 oocytes. Sperm penetration into ovarian oocytes (10 hours after HCG) was much more effective (67%) than into tubal oocytes (18%); this finding correlated with more rapid zona dissolution by chymotrypsin. On the basis of these results one might speculate that premature cortical reaction takes place also in the C57 strain.
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  • 175
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 105-105 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 176
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Topics: Biology
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  • 177
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 137-145 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: progesterone-induced maturation ; methylxanthines ; chloera toxin ; phosphorylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During the course of maturation of Xenopus laevis oocyte a burst of phosphorylation occurs around germinal vesicle breakdown. At the same time a relative drop in a unique phosphoprotein (protein I; mot wt ∼40,000) is observed. Enucleation of [32P] labeled oocytes has shown the cytoplasmic localization of protein I. Methylxanthines and cholera toxin, which inhibit progesterone-induced maturation, block the burst of phosphorylation and do not change the amount or the distribution of [32P] phosphoproteins.
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  • 178
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    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 125-135 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: oogenesis ; oocyte growth ; Xenopus laevis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When female Xenopus laevis are injected with [3H]-vitellogenin or [14C] N-acetyl glucosamine, most of the labeled material becomes associated three days later with oocytes having a diameter of 0.9-1.1 mm; smaller and larger oocytes are less labeled. With time, the pattern of labeling shifts to larger oocytes, indicating that those oocytes initially labeled continue to grow. We have measured such shifts as a function of time to provide estimates for oocyte growth rates from the end of stage III (diameter = 0.6 mm) to stage VI (diameter = 1.2 mm). The total time required for oocytes to progress through this size increase is 16-24 weeks in unstimulated females and 9-12 weeks in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated females. The fastest rate of growth occurs from mid-stage IV (approximately 0.8 mm diameter) until midstage V (1.2 mm diameter), which corresponds to the period of most pronounced vitellogenin uptake. The relative proportion of oocytes within this size range is also reduced, as predicted under steady-stage conditions. Evidence is also presented which indicates that the steady-state level of full-grown oocytes is maintained by a combination of replenishment and atresia. These results provide the first description of the kinetics of oocyte growth in X laevis females maintained under normal laboratory conditions and should be useful for any considerations of macromolecular events occurring during oogenesis.
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  • 179
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 180
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Bromoimidoyl ChloridesBy controlled heating in thionyl chloride, the sluggishly reacting 2-bromoamides 6 are converted to the 2-bromoimidoyl chlorides 7 which are isolated in pure form and characterized by their IR, 1H-NMR, and in part by their 13C-NMR spectra. The limitations of the method are traced back to either too low a reactivity of the 2-bromoamides or the thermal decomposition of the formed imidoyl chlorides via the von Braun reaction.
    Notes: Durch kontrolliertes Erhitzen in Thionylchlorid werden die reaktionsträgen 2-Bromamide 6 in die 2-Bromimidoylchloride 7 übergeführt, die rein dargestellt und IR-, 1 H-NMR- und zum Teil auch 13C-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert werden. Die Grenzen der Methode werden auf zu geringe Reaktivität der 2-Bromamide oder die thermische Zersetzung der gebildeten Imidoylchloride in einer Von-Braun-Reaktion zurückgeführt.
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Hexafluoroacetone Azine, 16.-Synthesis of 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,6-dienes, 1,3,5-Triazabicyclo[3.3.0]oca-2,6-dienes and 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-enes by Mixed „Criss-Cross“ Cycloaddition ReactionThe “criss-cross” cycloaddition reaction of alkynes to azines proceeds via an azomethine imine intermediate. This result opens the way to a new variant of the mixed “criss-cross” cycloaddition reaction. On the basis of the spectral data of the bicyclic systems obtained, the regiochemistry of the two separate cycloaddition steps will be discussed.
    Notes: Die „criss-cross“-Cycloaddition von Alkinen an Azine verläuft über eine Azomethinimin-Zwischenstufe. Dieser Befund macht eine neue Variante der gemischten „criss-cross“-Cycloaddition möglich. Anhand der spektralen Daten der dargestellten bicyclischen Systeme wird die Regiochemie der einzelnen Cycloadditionsschritte diskutiert.
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  • 182
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aliphatic a-Substituted Nitroso Compounds, III. - Photochemistry of 2-Chloro-2-nitroso- and 3-Chloro-3-nitroso-p-methaneThe diastereomeric 2-chloro-2-nitroso- and 3-chloro-3-nitroso-p-menthanes epimerize during photolysis. This result, together with the evaluation of the quantum yields of the photoreactions and the detection of an intermediate aminyl oxide, place our concept of the mechanism of photolysis of geminally substituted nitroso compounds on a firmer footing.The products of the polyphosphoric acid cyclization of the 2-(o-iodophenylacetyl)malonate 3 have been reinvestigated and their structures revised. The reaction proceeds with loss of iodine, presumably forming 7, which is oxidized to 8 (instead of 5) followed by dehydration to 11 (instead of 2) and equilibration to hydroquinone 10 (instead of 6).
    Notes: Die diastereomeren 2-Chlor-2-nitroso- und 3-Chlor-3-nitroso-p-menthane epimerisieren während der Photolyse. Dieses Ergebnis, die Auswertung der Quantenausbeuten der Photoreaktionen und der Nachweis eines intermediären Aminyloxids verfeinern die früheren Aussagen über den Mechanismus der Photolyse von geminal substituierten Nitrosoverbindungen.Die durch Polyphosphorsäure-Cyclisierung des 2-(o-Iodphenylacetyl)malonsäureesters 3 erhaltenen Produkte wurden erneut untersucht und ihre Strukturen korrigiert. Vermutlich ergibt Iodabspaltung zunächst 7, und nachfolgende Oxidation 8 (statt 5). Verbindung 8 wird zu 11 (statt 2) de-hydratisiert. 11 steht mit 10 (statt 6) im Gleichgewicht.
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  • 183
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 263-277 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure of Thioamides and Their Derivatives, XLII.-N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioureasThe mono- and disubstituted thioureas 1a-i, 4a-d, and 6 were treated with trimethyl-chlorosilane/triethylamine to give the N-(trimethylsilyl)thioureas 3b-i, 5a-d, and 7a, b. The trisubstituted thiourea 8a and the monosilylated thioureas 3h, 5d, 5g were silylated via metalation with butyllithium and reaction with trimethylchlorosilane. The silylated amines 11a -c were reacted with the isothiocyanates 12a -dto yield the silylated thioureas 5e -g and 9b-e.-The structures of the silylated thioureas, especially N-alkyl- orN-aryl-N-(trimethylsilyl)thioureas, were determined by IR- and 'H-NMR spectroscopy.-The barriers to rotation about the C-N bond were determined.
    Notes: Die mono- und disubstituierten Thioharnstoffe 1b-i, 4a-d und 6 werden mit Trimethylchlorsilan/Triethylamin in die N-(Trimethylsilyl)thioharnstoffe 3b-i, 5a-d bzw. 7a, b überge-fuhrt. Der trisubstituierte Thioharnstoff 8a und die monosilylierten Thioharnstoffe 3h, 5d, 5g werden nach Metallierung mit Butyllithium mit Trimethylchlorsilan silyliert. Die silylierten Amine 11a-c werden mit den Isothiocyanaten 12a-d zu den silylierten Thioharnstoffen 5e-g und 9b -c umgesetzt.-Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der N-Alkyl- oder N-Aryl-N-(trimethylsilyl)thioharnstoffe wird die Struktur der silylierten Thioharnstoffe mit Hilfe von IR-und 1H-NMR-Spektren aufgeklärt.-Die Rotationsbarrieren um die C-N-Bildung wurden bestimmt.
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  • 184
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1322-1336 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemistry of α-ThiocarbamoylcarbodiimidesThe dipolar species 2a can be detected in equilibrium with the α-thiocarbamoylcarbodiimide 1a by protonation and reduction to give 3 and 4, respectively. On heating, 1a rearranges to afford the photochromic dipole 7a. In addition to the formation of the derivatives 10 - 13, the molecular structure of 7a was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. In a subsequent rearrangement, 7a isomerizes to give 9a. The α-carbamoylcarbodiimide 21 can be synthesized from the thiourea 20; the course of thiolysis to furnish the urea 24 indicates an equilibrium contribution of the dipolar species 22. The equilibrium compounds 1a, c ⇋ 2a, c undergo 2 + 2 cycloadditions with diphenylketene (25) to yield the four-membered heterocycles 26a and b. The α-carbamoylcarbodiimide 21 reacts with 25 to afford the ß-lactam 30 and the 1:2 adduct 31.
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  • 185
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiocarbonyl Olefination, II. - Some Preparative Uses of the Reaction of N-(Thioacyl)urethanes and their Vinylogues with Resonance-stabilized Phosphorus YlidesIn contrast to the corresponding oxygen analogues, dithioglutarimides and N-(thioacyl)urethanes react readily with resonance-stabilized phosphorus ylides, yielding triphenylphosphane sulfide and forming a C = C bond with the carbon atom of the thiocarbonyl group. Most likely, the mechanism of this reaction parallels that of the Wittig olefination of carbonyl compounds. Under the same conditions, the (6-thioxo-2-piperidinylidene)acetates 2a and 2b react with methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate to yield a mixture of the corresponding bis-enamine 9a or 9b and (3-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6-ylidene)acetate 10a or 10b, respectively.
    Notes: Im Gegensatz zu den entsprechenden Sauerstoff-Analoga reagieren Dithioglutarimide sowie N-(Thioacyl)urethane glatt mit resonanzstabilisierten Phosphor-Yliden unter Abspaltung von Triphenylphosphansulfid und Bildung einer C = C-Bindung mit dem Thiocarbonylkohlenstoffatom. Die Reaktion verläuft höchstwahrscheinlich nach dem Mechanismus der Carbonyl-Olefinierung nach Wittig. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen reagieren die (6-Thioxo-2-piperidinyliden)essigsäureester 2a und b mit (Triphenylphosphoranyliden)essigsäure-methylester unter Bildung eines Gemisches aus dem Bis(enamin) 9a bzw. 9b und dem (3-Oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7hexahydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6-yliden)essigsäureester 10a bzw. 10b. Die Konstitution der letzteren wurde aufgrund spektroskopischer Daten sowie durch Dehydrierung zu den entsprechenden 3-Oxothieno[2,3-b]pyridinderivaten bewiesen. Die Produkte der Reaktion von N-(Thioacyl)urethanen mit (Triphenylphosphoranyliden)essigsäure-ethylester stellen leicht zugängliche Vorläufer von ß-Ketosäureestern dar, die daraus durch säurekatalysierte Hydrolyse hergestellt werden können.
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  • 186
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1362-1369 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Acetalisations with N,N-Dimethylformamide/Dimethyl Sulfate Adduct; Preparation of 1,3-Dioxolanes and 1,3-DioxanesN,N-Dimethylformamide/dimethyl sulfate adduct (4) reacts with carbonyl compounds and 1,2-as well as 1,3-dioles to form 1,3-dioxolanes 5 and 1,3-dioxanes 6, respectively.
    Notes: Das N,N-Dimethylformamid-Dimethylsulfat-Addukt (4) setzt sich mit Carbonylverbindungen (Aldehyden und Ketonen) und 1,2- sowie 1,3-Diolen zu 1,3-Dioxolanen 5 bzw. 1,3-Dioxanen 6 um.
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  • 187
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Seven-Membered Rings by 1,5-Cycloadditions, IV.  -  Reactions with 1,3-Oxazolidines in Presence of Proton AcidsTrifluoroacetic acid transforms 1,3-oxazolidines 1 into the corresponding 1,3-oxazolidinium trifluoroacetates 2 which give bicyclic perhydro-1,4-oxazepines 6 with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 1-methoxycyclohexene. Noncyclic 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-ylmethylamino)ethanol or 2-(2-methoxycyclohexenylmethylamino)ethanol derivatives 7 together with other compounds are formed as by-products. With ethyl vinyl ether or α-methoxystyrene 1,3-oxazolidines 10 react in presence of an equimolar amount of trifluoroacetic acid in a straightforward manner to give 7-alkoxyperhydro-1,4-oxazepines 12.
    Notes: Trifluoressigsäure überführt die 1,3-Oxazolidine 1 in die entsprechenden 1,3-Oxazolidinium-trifluoroacetate 2, die mit 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran oder 1-Methoxycyclohexen die bicyclischen Perhydro-1,4-oxazepine 6 geben. Als Nebenprodukte werden außer anderen Verbindungen die nichtcyclischen 2-(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-5-ylmethylamino)ethanol- oder 2-(2-Methoxycyclo-hexenylmethylamino)ethanolderivate 7 gebildet. Mit Ethylvinylether oder α-Methoxystyrol gehen die 1,3-Oxazolidine 10 in glatter Umsetzung in Gegenwart der äquimolaren Menge Trifluoressigsäure in die 7-Alkoxyperhydro-1,4-oxazepine 12 über.
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  • 188
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1509-1517 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanism of the Reaction of 1,1-Diphenylhydrazine with Diethyl Azodicarboxylate.The reaction of 1,1-diphenylhydrazine (1a) with diethyl azodicarboxylate (2a) is a superposition of five mechanisms: A and B) Oxidation of diphenylhydrazine 1a by diethyl azodicarboxylate (2a) to aminonitrene 8; formation of tetrazene 10 either by dimerisation of 8 or by oxidation of tetrazane 11, decomposition of 11 to N2 and diphenylamine.  -  C) Addition of aminonitrene 8 to azodicarboxylate 2a forming aminoazimine 3a; degradation of 3a to urethane 4a and the azidoformate 5a.  -  D) Isomerisation of aminoazimine 3a to 13 and reduction of 13 by 1a to tetrazene 14, decomposition of 14 to diphenylamine and azide 15; degradation of 15 to ethyl cyanate (17) and monoethyl carbonate 18, which yields CO2 and ethanol.  -  E) Reaction of diphenylhydrazine with diethyl azodicarboxylate to 20 and the diimine derivative 21, which decomposes to N2 an ethyl formate 22.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von 1,1-Diphenylhydrazin (1a) mit Azodicarbonsäure-diethylester (2a) über-lagern sich fünf Reaktionsmechanismen: A und B) Oxidation des Diphenylhydrazins 1a durch den Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zum Aminonitren 8; Bildung des Tetrazens 10 entweder durch Dimerisierung von 8 oder über das Tetrazan 11; Zerfall von 11 in N2 und Diphenylamin.  -  C) Addition des Aminonitrens 8 an den Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zum Aminoazimin 3a; Zerfall von 3a in das Urethan 4a und den Azidoameisensäureester 5a.  -  D) Isomerisierung des Aminoazimins 3a zu 13 und Reduktion von 13 durch 1a zum Tetrazen 14; Spaltung von 14 in Diphenylamin und das Azid 15; Zerfall von 15 in Ethylcyanat (17) und den Kohlensäurehalbester 18, der in CO2 und Ethanol übergeht.  -  E) Umsetzung des Diphenylhydrazins 1a mit Azodicarbonsäureester 2a zu 20 und dem Diimin-Derivat 21, das in N2 und den Ameisensäureester 22 zerfällt.
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Two Step Redox Systems, XXVI.  -  Influence of N-Substituents in 4,4′-Bipyridyls on Redox Properties, Stability of Radical Ions and UV-SpectraVoltammetry of the N-substituted 4,4′-bipyridyls 1a - 1g and 2r - 2y yields reversible two step electron transfers in most cases. The difference between the redox potentials E1 and E2, which can be correlated with the σ* constants of Taft, decreases if potentials become more positive. Some new σ* constants are determined. E1 also correlated with the absorption maxima of the radical cations. The exceptional behaviour of some substituents, especially CO2C2H5 and -CN, is discussed at length.
    Notes: Die Voltammetrie der N-substituierten 4,4′-Bipyridyle 1a - 1g und 2r - 2y ergibt für die meisten Derivate reversiblen, zweistufigen Elektronentransfer. Die Differenz zwischen den Redoxpotentialen E1 und E2 nimmt mit positiver Potentialverschiebung ab, die mit den σ*-Konstanten nach Taft korreliert. Einige neue σ*-Werte werden bestimmt. E1 korreliert auch mit den Absorptions-maxima der Radikalkationen. Die Sonderstellung einiger Substituenten, insbesondere von CO2C2H5 und -CN wird ausführlich diskutiert.
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  • 190
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isolable Cyclobutadienes, III. - Reaction of a Sterically Stabilized Cyclobutadiene with OxygenThe cyclobutadiene 1 is extremely sensitive towards oxygen. The structures of the three main products 3, 4, and 7 and of the by-product 9, formed by autoxidation, were elucidated. A mechanism is discussed for the formation of these products.
    Notes: Das Cyclobutadien 1 ist eine sehr sauerstoffempfindliche Verbindung. Die Strukturen der drei bei der Autoxidation entstehenden Hauptprodukte 3, 4 und 7 und des Nebenprodukts 9 werden auf geklärt. Ein Mechanismus für die Bildung dieser Produkte wird diskutiert.
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  • 191
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1602-1605 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of 5-Alkoxy- and 5-Alkylthio-4-alkylimidazoles and of 4-Alkyl-5-aminothiazolesThe title compounds are formed when 2-isocyanoalkanenitriles 1 react with alcohols, thiols or hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a base.
    Notes: Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen entstehen, wenn man 2-Isocyanalkannitrile 1 in Gegenwart von Basen mit Alkoholen, Thiolen oder Schwefelwasserstoff reagieren läßt.
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  • 192
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 533-546 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Substituted Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienyl CationsThe rearrangement of bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraenes to bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienes on addition of electrophiles opens a route to methano-bridged dihomotropylium ions. We report here on some substituted cations, namely 2-methyl- (16), 2-chloro- (22), 2-bromo- (26), 2,5-dimethyl- (29), 1-methyl- (37), 1-chloro- (38), 1-bromo- (39), 7-phenyl- (42) and the 7-(2-methoxyphenyl)bicyclo]4.3.1]decatrienylcation (44). Cyclic π-electron delocalization in the bicyclo[4.3.1]-decatrienyl cation (1) is more or less disturbed but never suppressed by the substituents mentioned.-3-Methylbicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraene (30) behaves atypically on addition of HBr. 10-exo-Methoxy-4-methyltricyclo[4.3.1.02,9]deca-3,7-diene (33) is isolated after solvolysis with methanol. A mechanistic interpretation is given.
    Notes: Bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraene lagern sich im Regelfall bei der elektrophilen Addition in Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatriene um. Das erschließt einen Zugang zu methanoüberbrückten Dihomotropyliumionen. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir über einige substituierte Kationen. Es sind dies das 2-Methyl- (16), 2-Chlor- (22), 2-Brom- (26), 2,5-Dimethyl- (29), 1-Methyl- (37), 1-Chlor- (38), 1-Brom- (39), 7-Phenyl- (42) und 7-(2-Methoxyphenyl)bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienylkation (44). Die cyclische π-Elektronendelokalisation im Bicyclo[4.3.1]decatrienylkation (1) wird durch die genannten Substituenten mehr oder weniger gestört aber nicht unterbunden.-3-Methyl-bicyclo[4.2.2]decatetraen (30) zeigt bei der HBr-Addition atypisches Verhalten. Nach der Methanolyse liegt 10-exo-Methoxy-4-methyltricyclo[4.3.1.02,9]deca-3,7-dien (33) vor. Eine mechanistische Deutung wird angegeben.
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  • 193
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 554-563 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of Aromatic Nitro Compounds, XII.-Influence of Substituents on Photocyclization of 1-tert-Butyl-2-nitrobenzenesHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Havinga zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.Quantum yields Φp of formation of hydroxamic acids 5a-h in the 366 nm photolysis of 1-tert-butyl-2-nitrobenzenes 1a-h in tert-butyl alcohol solution (with 5% water) have been determined. The calculated regression line (correlation coefficient r = 0.94) for log (Φp/1-Φp)/(ΦHp/1-ΦHp) vs. Hammett's Φmeta-values for 1a -g has a slope of ρ = 0.48. This finding supports the hypothesis that the reacting excited state is of n,π*-character, and demonstrates the merely moderate effect of meta-substituents on the twisted nitro group in electronically excited 1a-h.
    Notes: Die Quantenausbeuten Φp bei der Bildung der Hydroxamsäuren 5a-h durch Photolyse (366 nm) der 1-tert-Butyl-2-nitrobenzole 1a-h in tert-Butylalkohol (mit 5% Wasser) wurden ermittelt. Die berechnete Regressionsgerade (Korrelationsfaktor r = 0.94) für log (Φp/1-Φp)/(ΦHp/1-ΦHp) gegen Φmeta-Werte nach Hammett für 1a -g hat die Steigung ρ = 0.48. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Hypothese, daß der reagierende angeregte Zustand n,π*-Charakter besitzt, und zeigt die nur mäßige Weiterleitung des Einflusses von meta-Substituenten auf die verdrillte Nitrogruppe im elektronisch angeregten Zustand von 1a-h.
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  • 194
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 564-571 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine, a New Natural Amino AcidDuring the incubation of chloridazone-degrading bacteria with L-phenylalanine L-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine is accumulated in the culture medium. Small amounts of L-o- and L-m-hydroxy-phenylalanine can also be detected in the culture fluid. The formation of L-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine is discussed in terms of the catabolic pathways in chloridazone-degrading bacteria.
    Notes: Bei der Inkubation Chloridazon-abbauender Bakterien mit L-Phenylalanin (1) wird L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanin (2) im Medium akkumuliert. In geringeren Mengen können daneben L-o- und L-m-Hydroxyphenylalanin (3 bzw. 4) nachgewiesen werden. Die Bildung von L-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanin wird im Zusammenhang mit bereits bekannten Stoffwechselwegen Chloridazon-abbauender Bakterien diskutiert.
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  • 195
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 196
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 572-593 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemistry of Dimerization of Unsymmetrically Substituted KetoketenesDimerization of alkyl(phenyl)ketenes (1) and alkyl(benzyl)ketenes (4) gives increasing proportions of cis-dimers along the series methyl, ethyl, benzyl, isopropyl, exclusive cis-dimer formation occurring in the case of isopropyl(phenyl)ketene 1c. This readily explained in terms of the easiest approach of the components towards a [π2S + π2a] process. The geometries were assigned on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and in two cases by X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die Dimerisierung von Alkyl(phenyl)ketenen 1 und Alkyl(benzyl)ketenen 4 führt entsprechend der Reihenfolge Methyl, Ethyl, Benzyl, Isopropyl für Alkyl zu zunehmender [bei Isopropyl(phenyl)keten 1c ausschließlicher] Bildung der cis-Dimeren. Diese erklärt sich zwanglos aus der günstigen Annäherung der Komponenten zu einem [π 2S + π 2a]-Prozeß.-Die Isomerenzuordnung erfolgte auf Grund von 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektren sowie von zwei Röntgenstrukturanalysen.
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  • 197
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1746-1755 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thioketene Syntheses, V1). - Allyl-substituted Thioketenes via Thio-Claisen Rearrangement2).The alkynyl allyl sulfides 4 are accessible by reaction of the alkynethiolates 2 with allyl bromides 3. The thio-Claisen rearrangement of 4 to give the (allyl)thioketenes 5 is favoured by decreasing size of the group R1 and of the migrating allyl group. However, bulky substituents stabilize the resulting thioketenes. Because of these contradictory effects, allyl(tert-butyl)thioketene (5e) is obtained particularly conveniently, whereas 4h does not give 5h. The thioketenes 5 are characterized by IR and, in part, UV spectra as well as by the addition of amines to give the thioamides 9.
    Notes: Die Alkinyl(allyl)sulfide 4 sind durch Umsetzung der Alkinthiolate 2 mit Allylbromiden 3 zugänglich. Die Thio-Claisen-Umlagerung von 4 zu den Allylthioketenen 5 wird durch abnehmenden Raumbedarf des Restes R1 und der wandernden Allylgruppe begünstigt. Dagegen stabilisieren voluminöse Substituenten das entstehende Thioketen. Wegen dieser gegenläufigen Einflüsse ist das Allyl(tert-butyl)thioketen (5e) besonders gut erhältlich, während 4h überhaupt nicht zu 5h umlagert. Die Thioketene 5 sind IR- und teilweise auch UV-spektroskopisch sowie durch die Reaktion mit Aminen zu den Thioamiden 9 charakterisiert.
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  • 198
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Field of Natural Product Chemistry, 721). - Dimeric Quinolone Alkaloids from the Root Bark of Ptelea trifoliata L. - Constitution of PteledimeridineThe dimeric quinolone alkaloids pteledimeridine (1), pteledimerine (2) and pteledimericine have been isolated from the root bark of Ptelea trifoliata L. The constitution of pteledimeridine was determined as 2,2,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furo [3,2-c]quinoline-2-ylidene)-propyl]-2,3,4,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]quinoline -5-one (1).
    Notes: Aus der Wurzelrinde von Ptelea trifoliata L. wurden die dimeren Chinolon-Alkaloide Pteledimeridin (1), Pteledimerin (2) und Pteledimericin isoliert. Pteledimeridin wurde als 2,2,6-Trimethyl-4-[2-(5-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-furo[3,2 -c]chinolin-2-yliden)propyl]-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-pyrano[3,2-c]chinolin-5-on (1) charakterisiert.
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  • 199
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 656-674 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Five-Membered Heterocycles, VI. - 3-Organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-ones and -2-thionesS-Potassium (N'-organylhydrazino)monothio- and potassium (N-organylhydrazino)dithioformates 1A and 1B are alkylated at the mercapto sulfur atom with α-halo ketones to form the acylmethyl (hydrazino)thioformates 2 A and 2B, which can be obtained pure, or their cyclic derivatives 2'A and 2'B, respectively. In acidic solution these products are transformed into 3-organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-ones 3A or -2-thiones 3B, respectively. Proof for the five-membered ring structure comes from chemical reactions and UV spectroscopy. The syn-anti-diastereomeric S,S'-dialkyl dithiocarbonate tosylhydrazones Z-5 and E-5 have been prepared and their stereochemistry assigned.
    Notes: S-Kalium-[(N-organylhydrazino)monothio- und Kalium-[(N-organylhydrazino)dithioformiate] 1A bzw. 1B lassen sich mit α-Halogenketonen am Mercapto-Schwefel zu rein isolierbaren (Hydrazino)thioameisensäure-acylmethylestern 2Abzw. 2B oder deren cyclischen Derivaten 2'A bzw. 2'B alkylieren. Diese ergeben in saurer Lösung 3-Organylamino-1,3-thiazolin-2-one 3A bzw. -2-thione 3B. Der Beweis für das Vorliegen der fünfgliedrigen Ringstruktur wurde durch chemische Reaktionen und UV-spektroskopisch erbracht. Die syn-anti-diastereomeren Dithio-kohlensäure-S,S'-dialkylester-tosylhydrazone Z-5 und E-5 wurden hergestellt und zugeordnet.
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  • 200
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    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 689-700 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dithiacyclopentenes, XXXIII. - Reactions of 1,3-Dithiole-2-thiones with N-Chloramides4-Phenyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (1a) and 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (1c) react with N,N-dichloroamides - N,N-dichlorobenzenesulfonamides 2-4, N,N-dichlorosulfamides 5, 6, N,N-dichloroethylurethane (7), N,N-dichloro-o-nitrobenzamide (8) - to give N-(1,3-dithiol)-2-ylidene)amides 17-23.
    Notes: 4-Phenyl-1,3-dithiol-2-thion (1a) und 2-Thioxo-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dicarbonitril (1c) reagieren mit N,N-Dichloramiden - N,N-Dichlorbenzolsulfonamide 2-4, N,N-Dichlorsulfamide 5,6, N,N-Dichlorethylurethan (7), N,N-Dichlor-o-nitrobenzamid (8) - zu den N-(1,3-Dithiol,2-yliden)-amiden 17-23.
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