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  • Articles  (144)
  • Female  (144)
  • 1980-1984  (144)
  • 1981  (144)
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  • Articles  (144)
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  • 1980-1984  (144)
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  • 1
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    Saliva as a chemical cue in the development of social behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Throughout development, Mongolian gerbils engage in conspicuous naso-oral investigations of their social partners' mouth areas. The behavioral contribution of saliva-related stimuli in regulating oral-directed responses was studied during several important phases of the gerbil's social life. Weanlings were preferentially attracted to their mother's saliva, subadults at puberty preferred saliva of littermates to that of nonlittermates, and sexually experienced males preferred the saliva of estrous females to that of nonestrous females. The use of saliva as a discriminative cue during various developmental periods suggests that oral chemostimuli have a perennial role in regulating social interchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, M L -- Volpe, L C -- Hayes, M J -- R03MH 27346/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1062-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Female ; Gerbillinae/*physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Saliva/*physiology ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Chemical triggering of reproduction in Microtus montanus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: In a replicated experiment, nonbreeding winter populations of Microtus montanus were given supplements of rolled oats coated with 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, a naturally occurring plant derivative. After 3 weeks of this feeding regime, samples from the populations demonstrated a high incidence of pregnancy in females and testicular hypertrophy in males. Control populations receiving rolled oats coated only with the solvent showed no reproductive activity. These results demonstrate that the presence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone in the plant food resource acts as the ultimate cue to trigger reproductive effort in Microtus montanus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, P J -- Negus, N C -- Sanders, E H -- Gardner, P D -- RR-07092/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Benzoxazoles/*pharmacology ; Diet ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Plants ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Genetic studies of an acardiac monster: evidence of polar body twinning in man (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Two maternally derived chromosome sets and both maternal histocompatibility antigen haplotypes were identified in the tissues of a malformed triploid acardiac twin that developed within the same chorion as its normal twin. These findings indicate that the twins arose as a result of independent fertilizations, by two different spermatozoa, of a normal haploid ovum and its diploid first-meiotic-division polar body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, F R -- Nance, W E -- Morton, C C -- Brown, J A -- Redwine, F O -- Jordan, R L -- Mohanakumar, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Meiosis ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Cattle breeding (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194507" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cattle ; *Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Familial studies of intelligence: a review (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- McGue, M -- 5 T32 MH14647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1055-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M protects previously uninfected rat pups and dams from Trypanosoma lewisi (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: The serum of lactating rats that have never been infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma lewisi contains a rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M (IgM). This IgM amplifies a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to the parasite and accounts for the unusual resistance of previously uninfected lactating rats and their suckling pups to infection with T. lewisi. A similar rheumatoid factor-like IgM, which is induced late in the usual course of infection with T. lewisi in nonlactating rats, amplifies an earlier IgM response and terminates the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a rheumatoid factor, which is classified as an autoimmune antibody, acting in a protective manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, A B Jr -- Mellow, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M/*immunology ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rheumatoid Factor/*immunology ; Trypanosoma lewisi/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Protein antigens from Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic-shock syndrome (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-20
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic-shock syndrome have two antigenic proteins that distinguish these strains from isolates obtained from patients who do not have this syndrome and who are colonized or infected with S. aureus. These proteins may either represent antigenic markers, the toxin (or toxins), or toxic subunits that cause the clinical manifestations of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, M L -- Falkow, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 20;211(4484):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis ; Bacterial Proteins/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Shock, Septic/*immunology/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*immunology ; Syndrome ; Vagina/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Melatonin: identification of sites of antigonadal action in mouse brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Long-term implants releasing a small quantity of melatonin (45 nanograms per day) were used to determine the brain sites of the hormone's antigonadal action in a photoperiodic species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Implants in the medial preoptic and supra- and retrochiasmatic areas elicited completed gonadal regression after 7 weeks. Implants in other brain regions had little effect on the animals' reproductive state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glass, J D -- Lynch, G R -- NS-15503/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/drug effects/*pathology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Light ; Melatonin/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Periodicity ; Preoptic Area/drug effects ; Supraoptic Nucleus/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    X-linked ichthyosis: increased blood cholesterol sulfate and electrophoretic mobility of low-density lipoprotein (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Plasma cholesterol sulfate concentration is increased in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis, a disease in which steroid sulfatase activity is absent. In these patients, cholesterol sulfate is found primarily in the low-density lipoprotein fraction of plasma, and the electrophoretic mobility of these lipoproteins is greatly increased.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epstein, E H Jr -- Krauss, R M -- Shackleton, C H -- AM 28069/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR 00719/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):659-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6945674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholesterol Esters/*blood ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Ichthyosis/blood/*genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/*blood ; Steryl-Sulfatase ; Sulfatases/deficiency ; Sulfates ; X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Phenytoin-induced teratogenesis: a mouse model (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Malformations associated with the fetal hydantoin syndrome have been reproduced in a mouse model. The occurrence of these defects was correlated with maternal serum concentrations, but not with maternal or fetal genotype or the presence of a seizure disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finnell, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):483-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/physiology ; Phenytoin/*adverse effects ; *Teratogens
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Serums and extracts of tissues from the female garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) each act as a pheromone and elicit male courtship behavior when applied to the back of another male. Since pheromonal activity is present in yolk and liver tissue of untreated females and can be induced with estrogen treatment in the serums and livers of males, the pheromone may be associated with the circulating yolk lipoprotein, vitellogenin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garstka, W R -- Crews, D -- 1 KOZ MH 00135/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- HD 12709/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Lipids/physiology ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*metabolism ; Sex Attractants/blood/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Skin/metabolism ; Snakes/*physiology ; Vitellogenins/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Fertilizability of ova ovulated and recovered from rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Ovaries removed from New Zealand White rabbits were perfused and exposed to gonadotropin in vitro. The ova ovulated in vitro (N = 56) were recovered and cultured and then transferred to the oviducts of six previously mated Dutch Belted hosts. Twelve of the resulting 36 offspring (33.3 percent) were white. In control matings between 12 Dutch Belted females (six randomly selected and the six hosts) and New Zealand White males, only one of 80 (1.2 percent) offspring was white. These data indicate that ova ovulated in vitro can be transferred to the oviduct of a host rabbit where they may be fertilized and after implantation may develop into viable embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Y -- Santulli, R -- Wright, K H -- Wallach, E E -- HD-05948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/*pharmacology ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology ; *Ovulation/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Giant polytene chromosomes from the ovaries of a Drosophila mutant (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: The chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells of Drosophila melanogaster fall apart during their cycles of endoreduplication. However, chromosomal synapsis occurs in the pseudonurse cells produced in certain mutant females. The resulting polytene chromosomes undergo developmental changes that are strikingly different from those recorded for the giant chromosomes of the larval salivary gland cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, R C -- Riley, S F -- Cassidy, J D -- White, P E -- Paik, Y K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; DNA Replication ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Heterochromatin/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/veterinary ; Ovary/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Hibernation and longevity in the Turkish hamster Mesocricetus brandti (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: A positive correlation was found between the length of life of 288 Turkish hamsters and the amount of time spent in hibernation, suggesting that the process of aging is slowed during hibernation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyman, C P -- O'Brien, R C -- Greene, G C -- Papafrangos, E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cricetinae/*physiology ; Female ; *Hibernation ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*physiology ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Temperature
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  • 17
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    Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual differentiation of reproductive and behavior patterns is largely effected by hormones produced by the gonads. In many higher vertebrates, an integral part of this process is the induction of permanent and essentially irreversible sex differences in central nervous function, in response to gonadal hormones secreted early in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLusky, N J -- Naftolin, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1294-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Brain/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/*embryology/physiology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Ovary/secretion ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testis/secretion ; Time Factors ; alpha-Fetoproteins/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Intrathecal interferon reduces exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: Ten patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) for 6 months showed a significant reduction in their exacerbation rates compared with their rates before treatment (P 〈 .01). The IFN-B was administered intrathecally by serial lumbar punctures. There was no significant change in the exacerbation rates of ten multiple sclerosis control patients before and during the period of observation. The IFN-B recipients have now been on the study a mean of 1.5 years, the controls, 1.2 years. The clinical condition of five of the IFN-B recipients and one of the control patients has improved, whereas the condition of five of the controls and one of the IFN-B recipients has deteriorated (P 〈 .036). These findings warrant cautious optimism about the efficacy of intrathecal IFN-B in altering the course of multiple sclerosis and support concepts of a viral or dysimmune etiology of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, L -- O'Malley, J -- Freeman, A -- Ekes, R -- CA-18533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy
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  • 19
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    Cancer incidence in the Love Canal area (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Data from the New York Cancer Registry show no evidence for higher cancer rates associated with residence near the Love Canal toxic waste burial site in comparison with the entire state outside of New York City. Rates of liver cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, which were selected for special attention, were not consistently elevated. Among the other cancers studied, a higher rate was noted only for respiratory cancer, but it was not consistent across age groups and appeared to be related to a high rate for the entire city of Niagara Falls. There was no evidence that the lung cancer rate was associated with the toxic wastes buried at the dump site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janerich, D T -- Burnett, W S -- Feck, G -- Hoff, M -- Nasca, P -- Polednak, A P -- Greenwald, P -- Vianna, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lymphoma/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; New York ; Registries ; Soil Pollutants/*adverse effects
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  • 20
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    Electric currents may guide development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1147-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7193352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; *Electrophysiology ; Female ; *Forecasting ; Microelectrodes ; Morphogenesis ; Ovum/physiology ; *Regeneration
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  • 21
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    Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from a tryptophan pyrolyzate (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: The compounds 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, which are potent mutagens in a tryptophan pyrolyzate, ar hepatic carcinogens when given orally to mice at concentrations of 200 parts per million in a pellet diet. Female mice showed higher susceptibilities to both compounds than male mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsukura, N -- Kawachi, T -- Morino, K -- Ohgaki, H -- Sugimura, T -- Takayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/*pharmacology ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutagens/*pharmacology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Sex Factors
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  • 22
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    Progesterone regulation of the occupied form of nuclear estrogen receptor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: Total concentrations of estrogen receptor in the uterine nuclear fraction are reduced rapidly after progesterone treatment of the proestrous hamster. Progesterone acts selectively on the occupied form of the nuclear estrogen receptor, with no effect on the concentration of an unoccupied form. This observation indicates that progesterone modulates the action of estrogen by controlling nuclear retention of the estrogen-receptor complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okulicz, W C -- Evans, R W -- Leavitt, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1503-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Estrogen/*drug effects/metabolism ; Uterus/*metabolism
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  • 23
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    Brain tumors in children and occupational exposure of parents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, F M -- Preston-Martin, S -- Yu, M C -- P01CA17054/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA20571/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects ; Brain Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Risk ; Skin Absorption ; Solvents
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  • 24
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    Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Mice fed a purified diet low in copper display anemia, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed concentrations of liver copper, and elevated concentrations of liver iron. An impaired humoral-mediated immune response (decreased numbers of antibody-producing cells) is observed in mice with severe as well as marginal copper deficiency. The magnitude of this impairment is highly correlated with the degree of functional copper deficiency (hypoceruloplasminemia).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prohaska, J R -- Lukasewycz, O A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ceruloplasmin/metabolism ; Copper/*deficiency/pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/drug effects
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  • 25
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    Differentiation of respiratory and abortigenic isolates of equine herpesvirus 1 by restriction endonucleases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Viruses classified by immunologic criteria as equine herpesvirus 1 cause respiratory disease and abortion in horses. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the DNA's of viruses from animals with respiratory disease and from aborted fetuses show that the patterns for respiratory viruses, while similar to each other, are entirely different from the patterns for fetal viruses. It is therefore proposed that the DNA restriction endonuclease patterns of fetal and respiratory viruses analyzed in this study be designated as prototypic of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Studdert, M J -- Simpson, T -- Roizman, B -- CA 08494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 09241/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 19264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):562-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*microbiology ; Animals ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Female ; Fetus/microbiology ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/*genetics ; Horse Diseases/*microbiology ; Horses ; Pregnancy
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  • 26
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    Studies in histocompatibility (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snell, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):172-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Heterozygote ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Pedigree ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 27
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    Immunization of Baboons with Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Studies on the efficacy of a vaccine against schistosomiasis in young baboons (Papio anubis) disclosed that immunization with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation induced significant protection against subsequent infection with normal, viable S. mansoni cercariae. Such immunization resulted in reduced worm burdens (70 percent) and egg excretion rates (82 percent). These results support immunization as a potential method for schistosomiasis control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stek M, F r -- Minard, P -- Dean, D A -- Hall, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1518-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Papio ; Schistosoma mansoni/immunology/*radiation effects ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control
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  • 28
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    Amniocentesis: be prepared (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; *Amniocentesis ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Pregnancy ; United States
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  • 29
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    Falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes specifically bind to cultured human endothelial cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Erythrocytes infected with the late stages of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum became attached to a subpopulation of cultured human endothelial cells by knoblike protrusions on the surface of the infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes did not bind to cultured fibroblasts; uninfected erythrocytes did not bind to either endothelial cells or fibroblasts. The results suggest a specific receptor-ligand interaction between endothelial cells and a component, components, in the knobs of the infected erythrocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Udeinya, I J -- Schmidt, J A -- Aikawa, M -- Miller, L H -- Green, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/microbiology ; Erythrocytes/*microbiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plasmodium falciparum/*pathogenicity ; Pregnancy ; Umbilical Veins
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  • 30
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    Women scientists and engineers: trends in participation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: Women have made tremendous strides in educational attainment in science and engineering over the past decade, increasing their proportion of doctorate awards in these fields from 7 percent in 1965 to 23 percent in 1980. But they still have higher unemployment rates and lower salaries than men in all fields of science and engineering, at all degree levels, and at all levels of experience; and the disparities between men and women widen with higher degree levels and with years of experience. Graduate enrollments indicate continuing increases over at least the next several years in degree awards to women, but their access to equal employment and advancement opportunities is not assured.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vetter, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1313-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Engineering ; Female ; Humans ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; *Science ; *Women
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  • 31
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    Gene therapy caught in more entanglements (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering/history ; Genetic Vectors ; Globins/genetics ; Government Regulation ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Israel ; Plasmids ; Thalassemia/*therapy ; United States
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  • 32
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    Vitellogenesis and the vitellogenin gene family (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Vitellogenin is synthesized under estrogen control in the liver, extensively modified, transported to the ovary, and there processed to the yolk proteins lipovitellin and phosvitin. In the frog Xenopus laevis there are at least four distinct but related vitellogenin genes. The two genes A1 and A2 have a 95 percent sequence homology in their messenger RNA coding regions, and contain 33 introns that interrupt the coding region (exons) at homologous positions. Sequences and lengths of analogous introns differ, and many introns contain repetitive DNA elements. The introns in these two genes that have apparently arisen by duplication have diverged extensively by events that include deletions, insertions, and probably duplications. Rapid evolutionary change involving rearrangements and the presence of repeated DNA suggests that the bulk of the sequences within introns may not have any specific function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wahli, W -- Dawid, I B -- Ryffel, G U -- Weber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):298-304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; *Genes ; Lipoproteins/*genetics ; Liver/secretion ; Male ; Oocytes/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Vitellogenins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Xenopus laevis/*genetics/metabolism
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    Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Arginine vasopressin and a number of its synthetic analogs augment memory functions in experimental animals. One of these analogs, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), influences human learning and memory. Cognitively unimpaired, as well as cognitively impaired adults, treated with DDAVP for a period of several days, learn information more effectively, as measured by the completeness, organization, and consistency (reliability) of recall. DDAVP also appears to reverse partially the retrograde amnesia that follows electroconvulsive treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Gold, P -- Ballenger, J C -- Smallberg, S A -- Summers, R -- Rubinow, D R -- Post, R M -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Middle Aged
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  • 34
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    Receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface may mediate uptake of fatty acids and other albumin-bound substances (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Kinetic analysis of the uptake of carbon-14-labeled oleate in a single-pass perfusion of rat liver and saturable and specific binding of iodine-125-labeled albumin to hepatocytes in suspension suggest the existence of a receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface. The putative receptor appears to mediate uptake of albumin-bound fatty acids by the cell and may account for the efficient hepatic extraction of many other substances tightly bound to albumin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisiger, R -- Gollan, J -- Ockner, R -- AM-07007/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-13328/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-21899/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Oleic Acids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptors, Albumin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Serum Albumin/*metabolism
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  • 35
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    Prenatal exposure to ethanol alters the organization of hippocampal mossy fibers in rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: Rats exposed to ethanol throughout their gestation were found to have abnormally distributed mossy fibers in temporal regions of the hippocampus. This demonstrates that prenatal exposure to ethanol causes alterations in neuronal circuitry that persist to maturity. Such defects may play a role in the mental retardation often observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J R -- Hodges, C A -- Black, A C Jr -- AA-03884/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/abnormalities/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats
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    The hormonal control of sexual development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J D -- George, F W -- Griffin, J E -- AM03892/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Gonadotropins/physiology ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Mullerian Ducts ; Ovary/embryology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/secretion ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Urogenital System/embryology ; Wolffian Ducts
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    Genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: A genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) has been identified in a colony of Brittany spaniels. Immunochemical methods show no detectable C3 in the serum of the affected dogs, and there is no evidence of an inhibitor of C3 in the serum. The C3 deficiency appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winkelstein, J A -- Cork, L C -- Griffin, D E -- Griffin, J W -- Adams, R J -- Price, D L -- AI-11637/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-00130/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1169-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complement C3/deficiency/*genetics ; Dog Diseases/genetics ; Dogs ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote Detection ; Homozygote ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy/genetics/veterinary ; Pedigree
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    Gene for neuraminidase activity on mouse chromosome 17 near h-2: pleiotropic effects on multiple hydrolases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The low activity of liver neuraminidase that is characteristic of mouse strain SM/J is inherited as a single gene on chromosome 17, near the major histocompatibility complex. This gene, neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1), is represented by the low activity allele Neu-1s in SM/J and the high activity allele Neu-1b in C57BL/6J and most other strains. Previously described variations in the posttranslational processing of acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase-B, and alpha-glucosidase are attributed to pleiotropic effects of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Womack, J E -- Yan, D L -- Potier, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):63-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics/metabolism ; Neuraminidase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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  • 39
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    Stress-induced analgesia in humans: endogenous opioids and naloxone-reversible depression of pain reflexes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The cumulative effects of a repetitive stress induced by anticipation of pain (noxious foot shock) were studied on the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb. The threshold of the nociceptive reflex progressively increased with the repetition of the stress. This effect was reversed by naloxone, which even produced hyperalgesia, since a rapid and significant decrease in this threshold, below the initial values, was noted. Tha data provide evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia in normal man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willer, J C -- Dehen, H -- Cambier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Reflex/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Resource partitioning during reproduction in the Norway rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Rat pups nursed by pregnant dams grow as fast as pups reared by dams that are not pregnant. Moreover, litters that were in utero during a lactation are as numerous at birth and grow as fast as pups developing in a nonlactating, pregnant mother. These litters continue to grow as fast as pups born to nonlactating dams whether or not the first litter remains after the birth of the second litter. When pregnant and lactating dams have a restricted food supply, some dams are capable of extending the duration of their pregnancies by over 2 weeks past that of nonlactating, pregnant dams. This facultative prolongation of pregnancy apparently allows females to carry normal litters to term.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodside, B -- Wilson, R -- Chee, P -- Leon, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):76-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *Lactation ; Litter Size ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats/*physiology
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    Mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate are highly responsive to epidermal growth factor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, T -- Pratt, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Palate/drug effects/*physiology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy
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    Abortion and the limitations of science (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zack, B G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Spontaneous ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    Water intake in hypovolemic sheep: effects of crushing the left atrial appendage (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Sheep increased their water intake in proportion to the amount of protein-free, isosmotic fluid that was removed from their blood by ultrafiltration. This behavioral response to hypovolemia was eliminated by crushing the left atrial appendage of the heart. The surgical maneuver had no effect on basal water intake or on the drinking response to a salt load. These findings suggest that left atrial stretch receptors, which influence secretion of antidiuretic hormone when stimulated, may also play an important role in mediating thirst during hypovolemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmerman, M B -- Blaine, E H -- Stricker, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):489-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; *Blood Volume ; Drinking Behavior/*physiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Heart/*innervation/physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; Sex ; Sheep ; Sodium/blood ; Thirst/physiology
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    Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Metabolism of catechol estrogens by erythrocyte catechol-O methyltransferase (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bates, G W -- Jackson, E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catechol O-Methyltransferase/*blood ; Erythrocytes/*enzymology ; Estrone/*analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyestrones/*metabolism
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  • 46
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    Suckling infant rats learn a preference for a novel olfactory stimulus paired with milk delivery (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: When presented a novel olfactory stimulus while suckling a passive dam, 11- to 14-day-old rat pups acquire a conditioned preference for that stimulus. The magnitude of the conditioned preference is greater if the pups received milk while suckling than if they did not. The results indicate that infants are capable of learning while suckling and that milk delivery plays a role in this associative process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brake, S C -- MH 32429/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Association Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Female ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Smell
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    Foot-length asymmetry, sex, and handedness (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Foot/*anatomy & histology ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors
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    Mouse oocytes transcribe injected Xenopus 5S RNA gene (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: Transcripts produced after injection of the Xenopus 5S RNA gene into oocyte germinal vesicles of mice migrate electrophoretically with the 5S RNA marker, an indication that the gene is transcribed and processed with considerable accuracy. Approximately two 5S RNA molecules are transcribed per gene per hour. This system may be useful in studying DNA processing and gene regulation by the mammalian ovum and might be modified to allow permanent incorporation of specific genes into mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinster, R L -- Chen, H Y -- Trumbauer, M E -- HD 00239/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 12384/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):396-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7194505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Genes ; Mice/*genetics ; Microinjections ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis/genetics
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  • 49
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    Exposure of rats to alcohol in utero alters drug sensitivity in adulthood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, E L -- Bush, R -- Dintcheff, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Cyclophosphamide-induced spermatogenic effects detected in the F1 generation by behavioral testing (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Fischer 344 male rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) for 5 weeks and subsequently mated to females previously treated with saline or cyclophosphamide. The F1 progeny of the cyclophosphamide-treated males exhibited behavior deficits when compared to controls. These data could indicate a chemically induced genetic effect manifested by behavioral alterations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, P M -- Fabricant, J D -- Legator, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):80-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cyclophosphamide/*pharmacology ; Female ; Locomotion ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; Rats ; Spermatogenesis/*drug effects
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    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding and pituitary responsiveness in estradiol-primed monkeys (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, T E -- Norman, R L -- Spies, H G -- HD-05751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-11982/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-00163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1388-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Feedback ; Female ; Macaca fascicularis ; Ovulation/drug effects ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, LHRH
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  • 52
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    Phencyclidine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and mescaline: cerebral artery spasms and hallucinogenic activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: Phencyclidine (PCP), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and mescaline produced potent contractile responses on isolated basilar and middle cerebral arteries, where, in terms of potency, LSD greater than mescaline greater than PCP. All three drugs produced cerebrovasospasm in a concentration range which parallels that needed for their psychotomimetic and intoxicating actions. Specific receptors for PCP, which subserve contraction and differ from those for LSD and mescaline, are found in cerebral arteries. Concentrations of PCP that produced near-maximum contractile responses on cerebral arteries were similar to those in the blood and brain of human subjects who had died from PCP overdoses. A specific calcium antagonist, verapamil, readily prevented (and reversed) PCP-induced vasospasm. This study provides direct evidence for PCP receptors in cerebral blood vessels, the biologic action of which can be reversed by a calcium antagonist; the clinical use of the latter could prove invaluable in treating PCP-intoxicated victims.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altura, B T -- Altura, B M -- DA 02339/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Arteries/drug effects/*physiology/physiopathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Hallucinations/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mescaline/*pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology
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    Vaginocervical stimulation selectively increases metabolic activity in the rat brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Vaginocervical stimulation affects progesterone secretion, sperm transport, sexual receptivity, locomotion, and perception of pain in female rats. In this experiment, vaginocervical stimulation produced statistically significant increases in the metabolic uptake of carbon-14-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the following brain areas (ordered by magnitude of uptake): medial preoptic, mesencephalic reticular formation, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal raphe, and globus pallidus. The results provide information about the concurrent processing of sensory stimulation by several neural areas and indicate that the medial preoptic area is a receiving area for copulatory stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, T O -- Adler, N T -- Greenberg, J H -- Reivich, M -- HD 04522/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- I T32 MH 15092/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10939-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1070-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cervix Uteri/*innervation ; *Copulation ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Physical Stimulation ; Preoptic Area/metabolism ; Rats ; Vagina/*innervation
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    Chloramphenicol administration during brain development: impairment of avoidance learning in adulthood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Rats treated with chloramphenicol from days 7 to 21 of intrauterine life (50 milligrams per kilogram per day, injected subcutaneously into the mothers) or in the first 3 days of extrauterine life (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram per day) were trained for avoidance conditioning when 60 days old. The acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired to a highly significant degree in all the treated groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertolini, A -- Poggioli, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/embryology/*growth & development ; Chloramphenicol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sex Factors
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    Myeloma neuropathy: passive transfer from man to mouse (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Mice were injected daily, for up to 10 weeks, with purified monoclonal immunoglobulin G from patients with myelomatous polyneuropathy or benign gammopathy. The animals developed a demyelinating polyneuropathy with slowed nerve conduction velocities. The putative antinerve factor may be an antibody since injection of Fab fragments from the monoclonal immunoglobulin G produced a similar demyelination. This provides evidence of a circulating factor in the serum of myeloma patients with polyneuropathy that reproduces typical features of the human disease on passive transfer. This disorder is thus distinguished from other neuropathies that occur as remote effects of malignant disease but have no identified pathogenic factors associated with them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Besinger, U A -- Toyka, K V -- Anzil, A P -- Fateh-Mognadam, A -- Rouscher, R -- Heininger, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1027-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Demyelinating Diseases/*etiology/immunology/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/*complications ; Neural Conduction
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    Heparin facilitates the extraction of tissue fibronectin (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Extraction of fibronectin from two human tissues, lung parenchyma and placental villi, was facilitated by the incorporation of heparin into extraction media. The effect of heparin was additive to the effect of urea which is known to extract fibronectin. These experiments provide further evidence that fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are associated in connective tissues and the use of heparin forms the basis for a simple method for extraction and quantitation of tissue fibronectin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bray, B A -- Mandl, I -- Turino, G M -- HL 15832/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dermatan Sulfate ; Female ; Fibronectins/*isolation & purification ; *Heparin ; Heparitin Sulfate ; Humans ; Lung/analysis ; Placenta/analysis ; Pregnancy ; Urea
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    Age at menarche: a misunderstanding (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bullough, V L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):365-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; England ; Female ; *History of Medicine ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; *Menstruation ; United States
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    Reduction in oocyte number following prenatal exposure to a diet high in galactose (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y T -- Mattison, D R -- Feigenbaum, L -- Fukui, H -- Schulman, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Male vole urine changes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and norepinephrine in female olfactory bulb (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dluzen, D E -- Ramirez, V D -- Carter, C S -- Getz, L L -- HDO9328/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Male ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Olfactory Bulb/*metabolism ; Pheromones/*urine ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Rodentia/*physiology ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
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    A-bomb radiation doses (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groer, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):392, 394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; *Nuclear Warfare ; *Radiation Dosage
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    Brown adipose tissue: thermic response increased by a single low protein, high carbohydrate meal (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: The weight of interscapular brown fat in the rat and its rate of respiration increased in response to a single meal. These data suggest that brown adipose tissue plays a role in the thermic effect of meals and that diet-induced thermogenesis may reflect the summation of the thermic effects of single meals during prolonged overeating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, Z -- Teague, R J -- Bray, G A -- 1 RO1 AM 27019/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1125-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Liver/metabolism ; Organ Size ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Rats
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    Phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia in newborn rats: prevention by melatonin (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: When young rats are exposed to white fluorescent light the concentration of calcium in their serum decreases. This effect is prevented by shielding the occiput, by inhibiting corticosterone synthesis, and by exogenous melatonin. Furthermore, the expected hypocalcemic response to cortisol injection is prevented by melatonin. Light-induced hypocalcemia may result from increased calcium uptake by bone when the blocking effect of melatonin decreases after pineal inhibition by transcranial illumination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hakanson, D O -- Bergstrom, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):807-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6895262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*radiation effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hypocalcemia/etiology/*prevention & control ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal/therapy ; Light ; Male ; Melatonin/*pharmacology ; Phototherapy/adverse effects ; Rats ; Spectrum Analysis ; Time Factors
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    Multiple paternity in Belding's ground squirrel litters (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sexually receptive female Spermophilus beldingi (Rodentia: Sciuridae) usually mate with several different males. The paternity of 27 litters born in 1977 and 1978 was ascertained by combining field observations of mating with laboratory paternity exclusion analyses. Most of the litters (78 percent) were multiply sired, usually by two or three males. This may be the highest frequency of multiple paternity ever directly demonstrated in a natural population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanken, J -- Sherman, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):351-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sciuridae/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Estradiol and progesterone profiles indicate a lack of endocrine recognition of pregnancy in the opossum (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in blood collected during the 12.5-day gestation period of the Virginia opossum were not significantly different from those during equivalent days of the estrous cycle. Progesterone was correlated with an index of corpora luteral mass. Ratio of estradiol to progesterone were highest 3 to 4 days before estrus and on the day of parturition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harder, J D -- Fleming, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Luteum/physiology ; Estradiol/*blood ; Estrus ; Female ; Opossums/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Progesterone/*blood ; Species Specificity
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    Mechanisms of gonadal differentiation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sex differentiation is the result of the translation of genetic sex into gonadal sex. Without recognizable masculinizing signals the embryonic gonad will undergo ovarian differentiation. The main determinant of gonadal differentiation appears to be the presence or absence of a cell surface antigen, called H-Y antigen. The regulation of H-Y antigen expression is complex and involves the interaction between regulatory sites on the Y chromosome, the X chromosome, and possibly the autosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haseltine, F P -- Ohno, S -- 5R01 HD 12289-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R0I AD 00042/AD/ADAMHA HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1272-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Embryonic Induction ; Female ; Fertility ; Freemartinism/genetics ; Germ Cells/physiology ; H-Y Antigen/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; Mice ; Ovary/embryology ; Rats ; Sex Chromosomes ; *Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testis/embryology/physiology
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    Epidermal growth factors enhances viral transformation of granulosa cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Kirsten sarcoma virus produced a low incidence of transient morphological transformation in primary cultures of rat ovarian granulosa cells. In the presence of epidermal growth factor, the incidence of transient transformation increased severalfold and two continuous cell lines were established. Epidermal growth factor, a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone, appears to act here as a tumor promoter in the retrovirus-induced transformation of a mesodermally derived epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, J -- Auersperg, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):218-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Transformation, Viral/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/*cytology/drug effects ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/drug effects/*genetics ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics
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    Morphine in cow and human milk: could dietary morphine constitute a ligand for specific morphine (mu) receptors? (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Morphine has been found in cow and human milk at concentrations of 200 to 500 nanograms per liter. Multistep purification yields a material that has immunological, biological, pharmacological, and chemical properties identical to those of morphine. Similar morphine-like material, which has been tentatively identified in some common plant sources, may be a ubiquitous dietary constituent and a possible source for the material in milk. Since morphine (mu) receptors have a low affinity for enkephalins, and since morphine-like materials have been described in brain and intestine, it is possible that morphine in food may be the source of this material and a normal ligand specific for mu receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hazum, E -- Sabatka, J J -- Chang, K J -- Brent, D A -- Findlay, J W -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1010-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Milk/*analysis ; Milk, Human/analysis ; Morphine/*analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism
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    A metronidazole metabolite in human urine and its risk (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: Metronidazole is a drug used for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and certain anaerobic bacterial infections in humans. Acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamic acid are metabolites of metronidazole in the rat, and we find small amounts of both metabolites in the urine of human patients taking the drug. Although acetamide is carcinogenic for rats, we do not believe that our finding further defines metronidazole's risk for humans. That risk can only be estimated from surveillance of people previously exposed to the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kock, R L -- Beaulieu, B B Jr -- Chrystal, E J -- Goldman, P -- R01-CA1520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):398-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetamides/*urine ; Amino Acids/*urine ; Biotransformation ; Carcinogens/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metronidazole/*metabolism/urine ; Oxamic Acid/analogs & derivatives/*urine
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    Opiate withdrawal in utero increases neonatal morbidity in the rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Long-term oral administration of the long-acting opiate 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) to female rats beginning on the day of conception interfered with the dams' ability to carry litters to term. When treatment was initiated 3 weeks prior to mating this effect was not observed. Daily administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone from day 14 of gestation through term, to precipitate withdrawal in utero, resulted in increased stillbirths, decreased pup weight and size, and weight loss 24 hours after birth. These data question the validity of animal experiments which purport to be models for methadone maintenance programs but in which treatment is started immediately prior to or soon after conception. They also suggest that withdrawal in utero may be responsible for many of the adverse effects of opiates on human and animal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtblau, L -- Sparber, S B -- DA 01880/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):943-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Tolerance ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Female ; Fetal Death/*etiology ; Humans ; Litter Size/drug effects ; Methadone/*analogs & derivatives ; Methadyl Acetate/*adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*complications ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*complications
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    The Hmong: dying of culture shock? (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshal, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Cultural Characteristics ; *Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Laos/ethnology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mortality ; Refugees/*psychology ; Stress, Physiological ; United States
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    New A-bomb data shown to radiation experts: conference goers are impressed with the revised picture of hiroshima, but foresee little change in risk estimates (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Radiation Injuries/*etiology ; Risk
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    Regression of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by reduced glutathione (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Reduced glutathione administered to rats bearing aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors caused regression of tumor growth and resulted in survival of the animals. since glutathione is a harmless natural product, it merits further investigation as a potential antitumor drug for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novi, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):541-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; *Aflatoxins ; Animals ; Female ; Glutathione/*therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy/pathology ; Rats
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  • 73
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    Prenatal exposure to synthetic progestins increases potential for aggression in humans (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Seventeen females and eight males exposed during gestation to synthetic progestins showed a significantly higher potential for physical aggression than their sex-matched unexposed siblings. Exposure to androgen-based compounds appeared to be most closely associated with aggressive responses. There were no differences in verbal aggression or IQ between exposed and unexposed siblings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinisch, J M -- MH 30676/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aggression/*drug effects ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Child ; Embryo, Mammalian/*drug effects ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Progesterone Congeners/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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  • 74
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    Psychoneuroendocrine influences on immunocompetence and neoplasia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Emotional, psychosocial, or anxiety-stimulated stress produces increased plasma concentrations of adrenal corticoids and other hormones though well-known neuroendocrine pathways. A direct consequence of these increased corticoid concentrations is injury to elements of the immunological apparatus, which may leve the subject vulnerable to the action of latent oncogenic viruses, newly transformed cancer cells, or other incipient pathological processes that are normally held in check by an intact immunological apparatus. This article describes studies that examine the adverse effects of increased plasma concentrations of adrenal corticoids on the thymus and thymus-dependent T cells, inasmuch as these elements constitute a major defense system against various neoplastic processes and other pathologies. The studies demonstrate that anxiety-stress can be quantitatively induced and the consequences measured through specific biochemical and cellular parameters, providing that authentic quiescent baselines of these conditions are obtained in the experimental animals by the use of low-stress protective housing and handling techniques.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riley, V -- CA 12188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 16308/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1100-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corticosterone/blood ; Female ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; *Immunocompetence ; Leukocytes/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*etiology/physiopathology/psychology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*physiopathology ; Species Specificity ; Stress, Physiological/*complications ; Stress, Psychological/*complications ; Tumor Virus Infections/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
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    Development of visual centers in the primate brain depends on binocular competition before birth (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rakic, P -- EY 02593/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):928-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/*growth & development ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/embryology/growth & development ; Macaca mulatta ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pregnancy ; Retina/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/embryology/growth & development ; *Visual Perception
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  • 76
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    Preventing maternal cannibalism in rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reynolds, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/physiology ; *Cannibalism ; Female ; *Maternal Behavior ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    Inherited primary hypothyroidism in mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: A new autosomal recessive mutation that causes hypothyroidism has been identified in mice. The gene, herein named hypothyroid (hyt), has been mapped on chromosome 12 approximately 30 units from the centromere. The mutants are characterized by retarded growth, infertility, mild anemia, elevated serum cholesterol, very low to undetectable serum thyroxine, and elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thyroid glands are in the normal location but are reduced in size and hypoplastic. Mutant mice respond to thyroid hormone therapy by improved growth and fertility. These findings suggest that the hyt mutant gene results in primary hypothyroidism unresponsive to thyroid-stimulating hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beamer, W J -- Eicher, E M -- Maltais, L J -- Southard, J L -- AM-17947/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS-09378/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-01138/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia/etiology ; Animals ; Cholesterol/blood ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/blood/*genetics/veterinary ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*genetics ; Rodent Diseases/genetics ; Thyroid Gland/pathology ; Thyrotropin/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Molecular basis of bunyavirus transmission by mosquitoes: role of the middle-sized RNA segment (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: In an examination of the molecular basis of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes., La Crosse (LAC), snowshoe hare (SSH), and LAC-SSH reassortant viruses were compared in their ability to be transmitted to laboratory mice by the natural mosquito vector of LAC virus, Aedes triseriatus. Both LAC virus and the reassortment viruses containing the middle-sized (M) segment from the LAC parent were efficiently transmitted. In contrast, SSH virus and reassortment viruses containing the M RNA from the SSH parent were inefficiently transmitted. Thus, the M RNA segment, which codes for the virion glycoproteins, may be a major determinant of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaty, B J -- Holterman, M -- Tabachnick, W -- Shope, R E -- Rozhon, E J -- Bishop, D H -- 1-T32-AI 07041/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-15400/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-15426/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1433-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6781068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Bunyaviridae/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Bunyaviridae Infections/*transmission ; Female ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Insect Vectors ; Mice ; RNA, Viral/genetics/*physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/physiology
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  • 79
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    Astatine-211--tellurium radiocolloid cures experimental malignant ascites (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: An investigation of the efficacy of astatine-211--tellurium colloid for the treatment of experimental malignant ascites in mice reveals that this alpha-emitting radiocolloid can be curative without causing undue toxicity to normal tissue. By comparison, negatron-emitting phosphorus-32 as colloidal chromic phosphate had no antineoplastic activity. The most compelling explanation for this striking difference is the dense ionization and short range of action associated with alpha-emission. These results have important implications for the development and use of alpha-emitters as radiocolloid therapy for the treatment of human tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloomer, W D -- McLaughlin, W H -- Neirinckx, R D -- Adelstein, S J -- Gordon, P R -- Ruth, T J -- Wolf, A P -- CA-12662/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-15523/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-15380/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):340-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alpha Particles ; Animals ; Ascites/*radiotherapy ; Astatine/*therapeutic use ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Chromium/therapeutic use ; *Chromium Compounds ; Colloids ; Female ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*radiotherapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Radioisotopes/*therapeutic use ; Tellurium/*therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 80
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    Repair of the ultraviolet-irradiated male genome in fertilized mouse eggs (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Unscheduled DNA synthesis occurred in both male and female pronuclei of the mouse zygote in response to irradiation with ultraviolet light, indicating a capacity for excision repair. Furthermore, damage to DNA of the male gamete before fertilization can be repaired after the sperm enters the egg cytoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brandriff, B -- Pedersen, R A -- T32-CA09272-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466400" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/biosynthesis/radiation effects ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Spermatozoa/*radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Zygote/*metabolism/radiation effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    DNA synthesis in cultured adult cardiocytes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: Trypsin-dissociated atrial cardiocytes from adult rats were exposed to [3H]thymidine for sequential 24-hour periods from day 2 to day 12 of culture. On day 3 and each day thereafter, cells were prepared for ultrastructural radioautography and examined with an electron microscope. Maximal incorporation occurred on day 5, when 63 percent of the cardiocytes were labeled. Mitotic activity was never present in more than 0.5 percent of the cardiocytes examined. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine and mitosis occurred only in immature cardiocytes characterized by subsarcolemmal primary filaments and Z bands with or without specific granules; more mature cardiocytes were never labeled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantin, M -- Ballak, M -- Beuzeron-Mangina, J -- Anand-Srivastava, M B -- Tautu, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):569-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Mitosis ; Myocardium/*cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 82
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    Growth arrest and morphological change of human breast cancer cells by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and L-arginine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: The growth in vitro of human breast cancer cells, line MCF-7, was inhibited by a daily supplement of L-arginine (1 milligram per milliliter). Arginine acted synergistically with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) (10(-6) molar) to enhance the growth inhibitory effect: the cell replication ceased completely within 2 days after treatment. The growth arrest accompanied a change in cell morphology and was preceded by increases in the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP, adenylate cyclase, and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities as well as a decrease of estrogen binding activity. The results suggest that growth of human breast cancer cells is subject to cyclic AMP-mediated regulation and that arginine may play a specific role in this process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho-Chung, Y S -- Clair, T -- Bodwin, J S -- Berghoffer, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6269181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/*pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology ; Bucladesine/*pharmacology ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans
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  • 83
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    Glucose transfer from male to female schistosomes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conford, E M -- Huot, M E -- AI 15692/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 72524/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1269-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Male ; Proteins/metabolism ; Schistosoma/*metabolism ; Schistosoma mansoni/metabolism
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  • 84
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    Gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: Ovariectomized adult female canaries were treated with physiological doses of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or estradiol. Singing, which is typical of males, occurred in the testosterone-treated birds but not in any of the other birds. The effect of these hormones was assessed on dendrites from a class of neurons in the nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), a forebrain nucleus for song control. The RA neurons of the testosterone-treated birds had dendritic trees resembling those of intact males. The RA neurons of the estradiol- and dihydrotesterone-treated birds resembled those of intact females. All hormone-treated groups had dendrites that were significantly longer than those of untreated ovariectomized females. Thus gonadal hormones induce dendritic growth in the adult avian brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeVoogd, T -- Nottebohm, F -- 1 R23 HD 15245/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5R01 MH18343/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS05911/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):202-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Birds ; Brain/*growth & development ; Castration ; Dihydrotestosterone/*pharmacology ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Neuronal Plasticity/*drug effects ; Sex Characteristics
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  • 85
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    Imipramine: effect of ovarian steroids on modifications in serotonin receptor binding (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Long-term administration of imipramine caused a decrease in serotonin2 receptor binding in rat brain cerebral cortex, an effect that was abolished by ovariectomy. In contrast, ovariectomy had no effect on imipramine-induced decreases in hippocampal serotonin or in cerebral cortical and hippocampal beta-adrenergic receptor binding. Administration of estradiol or progesterone separately or in combination reestablished the effect of imipramine treatment on cortical serotonin2 receptors. These results suggest that ovarian steroids may play an important, but subtle, role in the neurochemical and perhaps clinical response to this drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kendall, D A -- Stancel, G M -- Enna, S J -- HD-08615/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-00335/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-13803/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Castration ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Imipramine/*pharmacology ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects
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  • 86
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    Essential hypertension: central and peripheral norepinephrine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: The concentration of norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with essential hypertension is higher than that from healthy normal volunteers, but the concentrations of norepinephrine in plasma from these groups are similar. This finding indicates that central nervous system noradrenergic hyperactivity occurs in essential hypertension but apparently is not reflected in abnormal function of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in these patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lake, C R -- Gullner, H G -- Polinsky, R J -- Ebert, M H -- Ziegler, M G -- Bartter, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):955-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine/blood/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Posture
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  • 87
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    Spatial knowledge and geometric representation in a child blind from birth (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: A series of experiments demonstrated that a congenitally blind 2 1/2-year-old child-as well as sighted but blindfolded children and adults-can determine the appropriate path between two objects after traveling to each of those objects from a third object. This task requires that the child detect the distances and the angular relationship of the familiar paths and that she derive therefrom the angle of the new path. Our research indicates that the locomotion of the young blind child is guided by knowledge of the Euclidean properties of a spatial layout and by principles for making inferences based on those properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landau, B -- Gleitman, H -- Spelke, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1275-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Auditory Perception ; Blindness/*physiopathology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Orientation/physiology ; Space Perception/*physiology
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  • 88
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    Senate commences hearings on "human life" (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):648-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Beginning of Human Life ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; *Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Federal Government ; Female ; Legislation as Topic ; *Life ; *Personhood ; Pregnancy ; United States ; Value of Life
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  • 89
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    Congress to reexamine antiabortion amendment (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Pregnancy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Opiate receptor gradients in monkey cerebral cortex: correspondence with sensory processing hierarchies (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: In order to obtain information on the possible functions of endogenous opiates in the primate cerebral cortex, we assessed the distribution of mu-like opiate receptors (which selectively bind 3H-labeled naloxone) and delta-like opiate receptors (which selectively bind 3H-labeled D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin) throughout the cerebral cortex of the rhesus monkey. Stereospecific [3H]naloxone binding sites increased in a gradient along hierarchically organized cortical systems that sequentially process modality-specific sensory information of a progressively more complex nature. Specific [3H]enkephalin binding sites, in contrast, were relatively evenly distributed throughout the cerebral cortex. These results, in combination with electrophysiological studies of monkeys and humans, suggest that mu-like opiate receptors may play a role in the affective filtering of sensory stimuli at the cortical level, that is, in emotion-induced selective attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, M E -- Mishkin, M -- Bragin, E -- Brown, R M -- Pert, C B -- Pert, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1166-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Naloxone/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Visual Cortex/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Paradoxical elevation of growth hormone by intraventricular somatostatin: possible ultrashort-loop feedback (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Somatostatin, the growth hormone-inhibiting factor, when microinjected into the third ventricle of the rat brain, paradoxically induced the release of growth hormone. A pituitary site of action having been ruled out, this result supports the concept that exogenous somatostatin within the hypothalamus acts either to suppress the release of somatostatin from somatostatin-containing neurons, possibly via an ultrashort-loop feedback mechanism, or to augment release of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor, thereby inducing a release of growth hormone. Injection of somatostatin into the third ventricle also decreased plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, probably by inhibiting the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor and thyrotropin-releasing factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lumpkin, M D -- Gegro-Vilar, A -- McCann, S M -- AM-10073/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD-07062/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-09988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1072-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6110244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Growth Hormone/*secretion ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects/secretion ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Rats ; Somatostatin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Thyrotropin/blood ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Noise raises blood pressure without impairing auditory sensitivity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Two rhesus monkeys, exposed continuously to realistic patterns and levels of noise for 9 months, exhibited sustained elevations in blood pressure that did not return to baseline values after the noise ended. Auditory brainstem responses, measured before and after exposure, indicated no change in auditory sensitivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, E A -- Augenstein, J S -- Tanis, D C -- Augenstein, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blood Pressure ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; *Noise ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Neural gonadal steroid actions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Neurons sensitive to gonadal steroids are located strategically within neural circuits that mediate behaviors broadly related to the reproductive process. Some neuronal events and properties are regulated by these hormones. Variability in the occurrence and distribution of particular neural hormonal sensitivities across species may be related to variations in the hormonal requirements for sexual differentiation and for activation of reproductive behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, B S -- NS07080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1303-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/metabolism ; Estrogens/metabolism/physiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Gonads/secretion ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism ; Progestins/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; *Sexual Behavior ; Species Specificity ; Vertebrates/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Fetal female rats are masculinized by male littermates located caudally in the uterus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Female rats are masculinized in utero by male littermates sharing the same uterine horn. Increased anogenital distances in neonatal females and mounting behavior in adult females are related to the presence of males on the caudal side of the females in the uterine horn. Contrary to current beliefs, interamniotic diffusion may not be responsible for the exchange of masculinizing agents among fetuses. Since uterine blood flow in the rat is from the direction of the cervix toward the ovary, masculinizing hormones secreted by fetal males may be carried via the uterine vasculature to female littermates located further downstream.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meisel, R L -- Ward, I L -- HD-04688/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K2-MH00049/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):239-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*physiology ; Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Male ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Uterus/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Islets of Langerhans: dye coupling among immunocytochemically distinct cell types (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Cells in isolated rat islets of Langerhans were microinjected with Lucifer Yellow CH in a medium containing 16.7 millimolar glucose. Dye was rapidly transferred from the injected cell to neighboring islet cells without specificity with regard to the immunocytochemical identity of either the donor or the recipient cells. The transfer of dye between the islet cells (types A, B, and D) demonstrates homologous and heterologous cell coupling in a system where the normal proportions and relationships of the cell types are maintained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaels, R L -- Sheridan, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):801-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glucagon/biosynthesis ; Insulin/biosynthesis ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/*cytology/physiology ; *Isoquinolines ; Rats ; Somatostatin/biosynthesis
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  • 96
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    Right-handedness: a consequence of infant supine head-orientation preference? (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: Most newborn infants (65 percent) preferred to lie with their heads turned to the right, whereas 15 percent showed a distinct preference for the left. Orientation preference is maintained for at least 2 months and predicts preferential hand use in reaching tasks at both 16 and 22 weeks. Right head-orientation preference in early infancy may contribute to the early development of right-handedness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michel, G F -- 5 F32 HD 05667-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):685-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; *Orientation ; Posture
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Maternal hyperoxia greatly reduces the incidence of phenytoin-induced cleft lip and palate in A/J mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The A/J mouse has been used to study the teratogenic affects of phenytoin. The developmental abnormalities produced in offspring of this model are similar to some of the malformations observed in cases of human "fetal hydantoin syndrome." Placing pregnant A/J mice in a hyperoxic chamber after phenytoin injection greatly reduces the incidence of phenytoin-induced cleft lip and palate. These results suggest that phenytoin may affect embryonic development indirectly by altering maternal physiology. This maternally mediated mechanism, and the protection against it afforded by hyperoxia, has general implications for the effects of maternal toxicity on teratogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millicovsky, G -- Johnston, M C -- DE 02668/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- DE 05248/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- RR 05333/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):671-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Cleft Lip/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Cleft Palate/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Oxygen/*therapeutic use ; Phenytoin/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Growth factors modulate gonadotropin receptor induction in granulosa cell cultures (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor inhibited follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent induction of luteinizing hormone receptor in cultured ovarian granulosa cells of the rat. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor potentiated the induction of luteinizing hormone receptor by follicle-stimulating hormone. These results indicate that growth factors, well known for their effects on mitosis and DNA synthesis in cultured mammalian cells, are also able to modulate hormone-dependent differentiation in an endocrine target cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mondschein, J S -- Schomberg, D W -- HD-11827/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1179-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone/secretion ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/physiology ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology ; Granulosa Cells/*metabolism ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Luteinizing Hormone/*metabolism ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects ; Receptors, LHRH
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Reactivation of an inactive human X chromosome: evidence for X inactivation by DNA methylation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-23
    Description: A mouse-human somatic cell hybrid clone, deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and containing a structurally normal inactive human X chromosome, was isolated. The hybrid cells were treated with 5-azacytidine and tested for the reactivation and expression of human X-linked genes. The frequency of HPRT-positives clones after 5-azacytidine treatment was 1000-fold greater than that observed in untreated hybrid cells. Fourteen independent HPRT-positive clones were isolated and analyzed for the expression of human X markers. Isoelectric focusing showed that the HPRT expressed in these clones is human. One of the 14 clones expressed human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and another expressed human phosphoglycerate kinase. Since 5-azacytidine treatment results in hypomethylation of DNA, DNA methylation may be a mechanism of human X chromosome inactivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohandas, T -- Sparkes, R S -- Shapiro, L J -- HD-04612/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-05615/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-12178/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 23;211(4480):393-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6164095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azacitidine/*pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Methylation ; Mice ; *Sex Chromosomes ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Understanding the bases of sex differences (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naftolin, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/secretion ; Animals ; Estrogens/secretion ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Ovary/*physiology ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Sexual Behavior ; Spermatogenesis
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