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  • 1
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    Highly localized sensitivity to climate forcing drives endemic cholera in a megacity [Ecology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-08
    Description: The population dynamics of endemic cholera in urban environments—in particular interannual variation in the size and distribution of seasonal outbreaks—remain poorly understood and highly unpredictable. In part, this situation is due to the considerable demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental heterogeneity of large and growing urban centers. Despite this heterogeneity, the influence of climate variability on the population dynamics of infectious diseases is considered a large-scale, regional, phenomenon, and as such has been previously addressed for cholera only with temporal models that do not incorporate spatial structure. Here we show that a probabilistic spatial model can explain cholera dynamics in the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and afford a basis for cholera forecasts at lead times of 11 mo. Critically, we find that the action of climate variability (El Niño southern oscillation and flooding) is quite localized: There is a climate-sensitive urban core that acts to propagate risk to the rest of the city. The modeling framework presented here should be applicable to cholera in other cities, as well as to other infectious diseases in urban settings and other biological systems with spatiotemporal interactions.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Large Tunable Rashba Spin Splitting of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Bi_{2}Se_{3} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: Author(s): P. D. C. King, R. C. Hatch, M. Bianchi, R. Ovsyannikov, C. Lupulescu, G. Landolt, B. Slomski, J. H. Dil, D. Guan, J. L. Mi, E. D. L. Rienks, J. Fink, A. Lindblad, S. Svensson, S. Bao, G. Balakrishnan, B. B. Iversen, J. Osterwalder, W. Eberhardt, F. Baumberger, and Ph. Hofmann We report a Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in the topological insulator Bi 2 Se 3 from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We further demonstrate its electrostatic control, and show that spin splittings can be achieved which are at least an order-of-magnitude larger than... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 096802] Published Thu Aug 25, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    High parasite diversity accelerates host adaptation and diversification (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Description: Host-parasite species pairs are known to coevolve, but how multiple parasites coevolve with their host is unclear. By using experimental coevolution of a host bacterium and its viral parasites, we revealed that diverse parasite communities accelerated host evolution and altered coevolutionary dynamics to enhance host resistance and decrease parasite infectivity. Increases in parasite diversity drove shifts in the mode of selection from fluctuating (Red Queen) dynamics to predominately directional (arms race) dynamics. Arms race dynamics were characterized by selective sweeps of generalist resistance mutations in the genes for the host bacterium’s cell surface lipopolysaccharide (a bacteriophage receptor), which caused faster molecular evolution within host populations and greater genetic divergence among populations. These results indicate that exposure to multiple parasites influences the rate and type of host-parasite coevolution.
    Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, Biomechanics, Evolution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Giant polytene chromosomes from the ovaries of a Drosophila mutant (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: The chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells of Drosophila melanogaster fall apart during their cycles of endoreduplication. However, chromosomal synapsis occurs in the pseudonurse cells produced in certain mutant females. The resulting polytene chromosomes undergo developmental changes that are strikingly different from those recorded for the giant chromosomes of the larval salivary gland cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, R C -- Riley, S F -- Cassidy, J D -- White, P E -- Paik, Y K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; DNA Replication ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Heterochromatin/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/veterinary ; Ovary/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subunit interactions and ligand binding in supernatant malic dehydrogenase. Cooperative binding of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide associated with a monomer-dimer equilibrium of the protein (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 11 (1972), S. 4937-4944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00776a010
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the composition factors of Kac modules for the Lie superalgebras sl(m/n) (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 470-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In the classification of finite-dimensional modules of Lie superalgebras, Kac distinguished between typical and atypical modules. Kac introduced an induced module, the so-called Kac module V¯(Λ) with highest weight Λ, which was shown to be simple if Λ is a typical highest weight. If Λ is an atypical highest weight, the Kac module is indecomposable and the simple module V(Λ) can be identified with a quotient module of V¯(Λ). In the present paper the problem of determining the composition factors of the Kac modules for the Lie superalgebra sl(m/n) is considered. An algorithm is given to determine all these composition factors, and conversely, an algorithm is given to determine all the Kac modules containing a given simple module as a composition factor. The two algorithms are presented in the form of conjectures, and illustrated by means of detailed examples. Strong evidence in support of the conjectures is provided. The combinatorial way in which the two algorithms are intertwined is both surprising and interesting, and is a convincing argument in favor of the solution to the composition factor problem presented here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529782
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Character formulas for irreducible modules of the Lie superalgebras sl(m/n) (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 31 (1990), S. 2278-2304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Kac distinguished between typical and atypical finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Lie superalgebras sl(m/n) and provided an explicit character formula appropriate to all the typical representations. Here, the range of validity of some character formulas for atypical representations that have been proposed are discussed. Several of them are of the Kac–Weyl type, but then it is proved that all formulas of this type fail to correctly give the character of one particular atypical representation of sl(3/4). Having ruled out, therefore, all such formulas, a completely new extension of the Kac–Weyl character formula is proposed. The validity of this formula in the case of all covariant tensor irreducible representations is proved, and some evidence in support of the conjecture that it covers all irreducible representations of sl(m/n) is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528637
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analogies between finite-dimensional irreducible representations of SO(2n) and infinite-dimensional irreducible representations of Sp(2n,R). II. Plethysms (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5656-5690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The basic spin difference character Δ″ of SO(2n) is a useful device in dealing with characters of irreducible spinor representations of SO(2n). It is shown here that its kth-fold symmetrized powers, or plethysms, associated with partitions κ of k factorize in such a way that Δ″⊗{κ}=(Δ″)r(κ)Πκ, where r(κ) is the Frobenius rank of κ. The analogy between SO(2n) and Sp(2n,R) is shown to be such that the plethysms of the basic harmonic or metaplectic character Δ˜ of Sp(2n,R) factorize in the same way to give Δ˜⊗{κ}=(Δ˜)r(κ)Π˜κ. Moreover, the analogy is shown to extend to the explicit decompositions into characters of irreducible representations of SO(2n) and Sp(2n,R) not only for the plethysms themselves, but also for their factors Πκ and Π˜κ. Explicit formulas are derived for each of these decompositions, expressed in terms of various group–subgroup branching rule multiplicities, particularly those defined by the restriction from O(k) to the symmetric group Sk. Illustrative examples are included, as well as an extension to the symmetrized powers of certain basic tensor difference characters of both SO(2n) and Sp(2n,R). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533431
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analogies between finite-dimensional irreducible representations of SO(2n) and infinite-dimensional irreducible representations of Sp(2n,R). I. Characters and products (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 5002-5019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The analogy between the finite-dimensional spin representation Δ of SO(2n) and the infinite-dimensional representation Δ˜ of Sp(2n,R) is made precise. It is then shown that this analogy can be extended so as to provide a precise link between each finite dimensional unitary irreducible representation of SO(2n) and a corresponding infinite-dimensional unitary irreducible representation of Sp(2n,R). The analogy shows itself at the level of the corresponding characters and difference characters, and involves the use of Schur function methods to express both characters and difference characters of SO(2n) and Sp(2n,R) in terms of characters of irreducible representations of their common subgroup U(n). The analogy is extended still further to cover the explicit decomposition of not only tensor products of Δ and Δ˜ with other unitary irreducible representations of SO(2n) and Sp(2n,R), respectively, but also arbitrary tensor powers of Δ and Δ˜. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533389
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representations and traces of the Hecke algebras Hn(q) of type An−1 (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 4-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The notion of the connectivity class of minimal words in the algebra Hn(q) is introduced and a method of explicitly constructing irreducible representation matrices is described and implemented. Guided by these results, the connection between the Ocneanu trace on Hn(q) and Schur functions is exploited to derive a very simple prescription for calculating the irreducible characters of Hn(q). They appear as the elements of the transition matrix relating certain generalized power sum symmetric functions to Schur functions. Their evaluation involves the use of the Littlewood–Richardson rule, which is proved to apply to Hn(q) just as it does to Sn. Both representation matrices and characters are tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529925
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