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  • Adult  (149)
  • Amino Acid Sequence  (93)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug  (89)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (326)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (326)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (326)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer  (2)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: Two- to threefold variations in sleep length were observed in 12 subjects living on self-selected schedules in an environment free of time cues. The duration of polygraphically recorded sleep episodes was highly correlated with the circadian phase of the body temperature rhythm at bedtime and not with the length of prior wakefulness. Furthermore, the rate of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep accumulation , REM latency, bedtime selection, and self-rated alertness assessments were also correlated with the body temperature rhythm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Weitzman, E d -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Zimmerman, J C -- Knauer, R S -- AG-00792/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM-07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-28460/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Body Temperature ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Bioactive conformation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: evidence from a conformationally constrained analog (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: An analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing a gamma-lactam as a conformational constraint has been prepared with the use of a novel cyclization of a methionine sulfonium salt. The analog is more active as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist that the parent hormone, and provides evidence for a bioactive conformation containing a beta-turn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freidinger, R M -- Veber, D F -- Perlow, D S -- Brooks, J R -- Saperstein, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):656-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; *Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lactams ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Collagen: molecular diversity in the body's protein scaffold (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Intensive research in the last decade has revealed a wealth of detail on the mechanism of biosynthesis, molecular structure, and covalent cross-linking of collagen. Tissues of higher animals express a family of at least five genetically distinct types of collagen molecule, each apparently tailored for different construction work outside the cell. Within each genetic type of collagen, further chemical heterogeneity is also evident; the variations in hydroxylation, glycosylation, and cross-linking are dependent, for example, on tissue type, age, and hormonal status. The functional significance of collagen's molecular diversity and its control by different cells and tissues are not yet well understood but abnormalities of collagen in many human diseases keep this protein a focal molecule of medical research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eyre, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1315-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Cartilage/ultrastructure ; *Collagen/genetics/metabolism ; Epithelium/ultrastructure ; Extracellular Space/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Survival of mice receiving melanoma transplants is promoted by hydroquinone (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-25
    Description: In BALB/c female mice with melanoma transplants, the incidence of "takes" is decreased and survival is increased by hydroquinone, a melanocytolytic agent. The mechanism of drug action is suggested by via DNA. The significant and high degree of positive response to hydroquinone treatment in vivo is encouraging for the clinical management of melanoma with melanocytolytic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chavin, W -- Jelonek, E J Jr -- Reed, A H -- Binder, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 25;208(4442):408-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Hydroquinones/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Oral contraceptives, lanosterol, and platelet hyperactivity in rat (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-07
    Description: Lanosterol, a cholesterol precursor that increases considerably in the platelets of rats treated with oral contraceptives, was incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspension. After 2 minutes there was a remarkable dose-related increase in platelet activity. This platelet hyperactivity was measured by clotting time and platelet aggregation could not be reproduced by cholesterol or ethinylestradiol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciavatti, M -- Dumont, E -- Benoit, C -- Renaud, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 7;210(4470):642-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Coagulation/*drug effects ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lanosterol/*pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation/*drug effects ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of anglerfish and mammalian insulin mRNA's from cloned cDNA's (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-19
    Description: Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hobart, P M -- Shen, L P -- Crawford, R -- Pictet, R L -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 19;210(4476):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7001633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; Fishes/*genetics ; Insulin/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Proinsulin/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Identical twins reared apart (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1323-5, 1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Environment ; Female ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Twins/*psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Olfactory sensitivity in humans: genetic versus environmental control (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Olfactory sensitivity to acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-sec-butyl-cyclohexanone was tested in 97 adult male twin pairs to determine the extent to which variation in odor perception was genetically determined. Analysis of the data revealed no evidence for heritability of olfactory sensitivity. However, factors significantly associated with odor perception included cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking; body fatness; alcohol consumption; and diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, H B -- Fabsitz, R R -- Feinleib, M -- Brown, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Butyrates ; Cyclohexanones ; *Environment ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Sensory Thresholds ; Skinfold Thickness ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking ; *Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    High-molecular-weight immunoreactive beta-endorphin in extracts of human placenta is a fragment of immunoglobulin G (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: A high-molecular-weight protein with beta-endorphin- and adrenocorticotropin-immunoreactivities was isolated from extracts of human placenta after several purification steps, including immunoadsorption with a well-characterized antiserum raised to beta-endorphin. This protein was identified as the heavy chain of the human immunoglobulin class IgG1. These results have led to the recognition of homologies in the amino acid sequences of these physiologically unrelated molecules. They also suggest caution in accepting immunological competence as the sole criterion of the chemical identity of a ligand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Julliard, J H -- Shibasaki, T -- Ling, N -- Guillemin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6244620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Endorphins/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*analysis ; Placental Extracts/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Radioimmunoassay ; beta-Endorphin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    NIH shaken by death of research volunteer (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):475-6, 478-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Female ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Lithium ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patient Selection ; *Research ; *Research Subjects ; Sleep ; United States ; Vomiting
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Mebendazole therapy of parenteral trichinellosis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-14
    Description: Mebendazole was highly effective against the helminth parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice subjected to a 3-day course of treatment during the invasive and encystment phases of experimental trichinellosis. When treatment began either 2 or 4 weeks after the mice were inoculated with parasites, the number of larvae developing in the host musculature was greatly reduced by twice-daily oral administration of 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 milligrams of mebendazole per kilogram of body weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCracken, R O -- Taylor, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 14;207(4436):1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Larva ; Male ; Mebendazole/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Mice ; Muscles/parasitology ; Trichinella/drug effects ; Trichinellosis/*drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Heroin-dependent men were given buprenorphine (a partial opiate agonist-antagonist) or a placebo under duoble-blind conditions on a clinical research ward where they could acquire heroin (21 to 40.5 milligrams per day, intravenously). Buprenorphine significantly (P less than .001) suppressed the self-administration of heroin over 10 days. Control subjects took between 93 and 100 percent of the available heroin. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent; a dose of 8 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 69 to 98 percent; a dose of 4 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 45 percent. Termination of buprenorphie maintenance did not result in opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms. The subjects liked buprenorphine and indicated that it was preferable to methadone or naltrexone. Buprenorphine should be a safe and effective new pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, N K -- Mendelson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):657-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Buprenorphine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Heroin Dependence/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Morphinans/*therapeutic use ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Binding and factor XIIIa-mediated cross-linking of a 27-kilodalton fragment of fibronectin to Staphylococcus aureus (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: A 27-kilodalton tryptic fragment, derived from the amino terminus of the 200-kilodalton fibronectin subunit, inhibited binding of intact fibronectin to Staphylococcus aureus and could be cross-linked to Staphylococcus aureus by blood coagulation Factor XIIIa. Interactions of fibronectin with Staphylococcus aureus via this fragment may be important for bacterial opsonization and attachment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mosher, D F -- Proctor, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):927-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Factor XIII/*metabolism ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Opsonin Proteins ; Peptide Fragments ; Protein Binding ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology/*metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Substance P: does it produce analgesia or hyperalgesia? (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: In the hot plate test, substance P given intravenously at doses of 5 x 10-5 and 5 x 10-4 gram per kilogram caused analgesia, while lower doses caused hyperalgesia. The influence of substance P on nociception depended on the individual mouse's sensitivity to pain (control response latency). Analgesia was produced by substance P administered to mice with high sensitivity to thermic stimulation, whereas hyperalgesia occurred in mice whose control latencies were longer than normal. This result is interpreted as an indication that substance P is capable of normalizing responsiveness to pain and could be classified as a regulatory peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oehme, P -- Hilse, H -- Morgenstern, E -- Gores, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Hyperalgesia/*chemically induced ; Hyperesthesia/*chemically induced ; Mice ; Nociceptors/drug effects ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Perception/*drug effects ; Receptors, Drug/physiology ; Substance P/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    alpha-Lactalbumin-casein induction in virgin mouse mammary explants: dose-dependent differential action of cortisol (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: The interplay of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin induces synthesis of casein and alpha-lactalbumin in cultured mammary explants from mature virgin mice. A striking difference has been found between the optimal concentrations of cortisol required for maximal induction of the two milk proteins in vitro: 3 x 10(-8) molar for alpha-lactalbumin and 3 x 10(-6) molar for casein. Moreover, 10(-7) to 10(-5) molar cortisol caused progressive inhibition of alpha-lactalbumin accumulation. Such differential actions of cortisol may partly account for the asynchronous synthesis of the two proteins during pregnancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono, M -- Oka, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1367-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6986657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caseins/*biosynthesis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/*pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Lactalbumin/*biosynthesis ; Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects/*metabolism ; Mice ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Kindling induces long-lasting alterations in response of hippocampal neurons to elevated potassium levels in vitro (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: The cellular basis of kindling was studied electrophysiologically with slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Normally, epileptiform activity can be induced in the slices only by combined exposure to elevated potassium levels and a chemical convulsant such as penicillin. In hippocampal slices from pentylenetetrazole-kindled animals, however, elevated potassium alone can induce seizures. These data suggest that kindling elicits long-term changes in neuronal excitability that may involve ionic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, A P -- Hoffer, B J -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1264-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epilepsy/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Pentylenetetrazole/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Potassium/*pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Blood lead concentrations in a remote Himalayan population (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: The lead content in the air at the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal was found to be negligible. The concentration of lead in the blood of 103 children and adults living in this region was found to average 3.4 micrograms per deciliter, a level substantially lower than that found in industrialized populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piomelli, S -- Corash, L -- Corash, M B -- Seaman, C -- Mushak, P -- Glover, B -- Padgett, R -- ES-01104/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES-26437/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants/*analysis ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; *Industry ; Lead/*blood ; Male ; Nepal
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  • 18
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    Food dyes impair performance of hyperactive children on a laboratory learning test (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swanson, J M -- Kinsbourne, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1485-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Coloring Agents/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*physiopathology ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Time Factors
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  • 19
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    Methylphenidate and hyperactivity: effects on teacher behaviors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Teacher interactions with hyperactive and comparison boys were observed during classroom activities. A double-blind, methylphenidate-placebo cross-over design was used within the hyperactive group. With no knowledge of any child's diagnosis or drug status, the teacher was more intense and controlling toward hyperactive boys taking placebo than toward either medicated hyperactive boys or comparison boys; her behavior did not differ toward the latter two groups. Discussion focused on the need to consider the broad social ramifications of pharmacologic treatment programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, C K -- Henker, B -- Dotemoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1280-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*drug therapy ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Teaching
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  • 20
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    Genotoxicity of the antihypertensive drugs hydralazine and dihydralazine (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-17
    Description: The genotoxicity of the antihypertensive agents hydralazine and dihydralazine was tested in mammalian cells and bacteria. Both drugs elicited DNA repair in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. In the Ames test, both with and without an S-9 fraction, hydralazine was mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1537, whereas dihydralazine was weakly mutagenic in strain TA1537. These findings support the observation that hydralazine is carcinogenic in mice. The carcinogenicity of many chemicals results from interaction with DNA. Since these studies demonstrate that hydralazine and dihydralazine damage DNA in mammalian cells, these drugs should be viewed as potential human carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, G M -- Mazue, G -- McQueen, C A -- Shimada, T -- N 01-CP-55705/CP/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 17;210(4467):329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; *Carcinogens ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Repair/*drug effects ; Dihydralazine/*toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Hydralazine/*analogs & derivatives/*toxicity ; Liver/metabolism ; *Mutagens ; Rats ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects
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  • 21
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    Multiple daily amphetamine administration: behavioral and neurochemical alterations (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: In rats, multiple daily amphetamine injections (2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, injected subcutaneously every 4 hours for 5 days) resulted in a progressive augmentation in response, characterized by a more rapid onset and an increased magnitude of stereotypy. By contrast, offset times of both the stereotypy and the poststereotypy hyperactivity periods were markedly shortened. When the animals were retested with the same dose of amphetamine 8 days after the long-term treatment was discontinued, the time of offset of the stereotypy and hyperactivity phases had recovered to values found with short-term amphetamine treatment, whereas the more rapid onset of stereotypy persisted. Brain monoamine and amphetamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were determined in comparably treated rats at times corresponding to the behavioral observations. The behavioral data indicate that enhanced responsiveness to amphetamine following its repeated administration may contribute to the development of amphetamine psychosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, D S -- Weinberger, S B -- Cahill, J -- McCunney, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4433):905-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Stereotyped Behavior/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 22
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    Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 23
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    Human aging and spatial vision (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: The ability to see spatial structures of a wide range of sizes was measured for two groups of observers (mean ages, 18 and 73 years). All observers had good visual acuity. Although older and younger observers did not differ in ability to see targets with fine structure (high spatial frequencies), older observers were only one-third as sensitive to targets with coarse structure (low spatial frequencies) as were younger observers or to changes in criterion. Older observers were also less able than younger observers to see moving targets. The reduced sensitivity of the older observers may adversely affect routine perceptual activities, such as face recognition and visually guided postural behavior, that depend upon low spatial frequencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekuler, R -- Hutman, L P -- Owsley, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1255-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Humans ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Size Perception/*physiology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Visual Acuity
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  • 24
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    Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
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  • 25
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    Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
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  • 26
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    Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, E -- Antin, S P -- Bilder, R M Jr -- Gerstman, L J -- Hughes, J E -- Mattis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amnesia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/injuries/*physiopathology ; Skull Fractures/complications
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  • 27
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    Cloned viral protein vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: responses in cattle and swine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: A DNA sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12, prepared from the virion RNA, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. When Escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. The purified chimeric protein competed equally on a molar basis with VP3 for specific antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. When inoculated into six cattle and two swine, this protein elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protection against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleid, D G -- Yansura, D -- Small, B -- Dowbenko, D -- Moore, D M -- Grubman, M J -- McKercher, P D -- Morgan, D O -- Robertson, B H -- Bachrach, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*prevention & control ; Immunity, Cellular ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*prevention & control ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Vaccines ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*therapeutic use
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  • 28
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    Calcitonin messenger RNA encodes multiple polypeptides in a single precursor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Recombinant DNA techniques were used to analyze the structure of the messenger RNA encoding a precursor of calcitonin, a small calcium-regulating hormone of 32 amino acids. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of cloned complementary DNA's comprising the entire coding sequence of the messenger RNA revealed that calcitonin is flanked at both its amino and carboxyl termini by peptide extensions linked to the hormone by short sequences of basic amino acids. The location of glycine next to the carboxyl terminal prolinamide of calcitonin is consistent with indications that glycine is required for the enzymatic amidation of proline to the prolinamide. During cellular biosynthesis, calcitonin arises from a large precursor protein by cleavages at both amino and carboxyl terminal residues of the hormone. These findings raise questions concerning the regulation of these cleavages and the potential biological functions of the precursor extensions derived from these cleavages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, J W -- Goodman, R H -- Chin, W W -- Dee, P C -- Habener, J F -- Bell, N H -- Potts, J T Jr -- AM 27781-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):457-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcitonin/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptide Biosynthesis ; Plants/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Rats ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism ; Triticum/metabolism
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  • 29
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    Intrathecal interferon reduces exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: Ten patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) for 6 months showed a significant reduction in their exacerbation rates compared with their rates before treatment (P 〈 .01). The IFN-B was administered intrathecally by serial lumbar punctures. There was no significant change in the exacerbation rates of ten multiple sclerosis control patients before and during the period of observation. The IFN-B recipients have now been on the study a mean of 1.5 years, the controls, 1.2 years. The clinical condition of five of the IFN-B recipients and one of the control patients has improved, whereas the condition of five of the controls and one of the IFN-B recipients has deteriorated (P 〈 .036). These findings warrant cautious optimism about the efficacy of intrathecal IFN-B in altering the course of multiple sclerosis and support concepts of a viral or dysimmune etiology of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, L -- O'Malley, J -- Freeman, A -- Ekes, R -- CA-18533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy
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  • 30
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    2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid causes behavioral effects in chickens at environmentally relevant doses (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Administration of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to incubating chicken eggs alters behavior after hatching. Single doses, with no morphological effects, retard learning (lowest dose, 7 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) and increase general activity (27 milligrams per kilogram) and jumping (13 milligrams per kilogram). Day 15 of incubation is the most susceptible stage of development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, C A -- Rogers, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Chick Embryo/drug effects ; Chickens ; Discrimination Learning/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Motor Activity/drug effects
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  • 31
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    Determination of nucleotide sequences in DNA (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanger, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1205-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteriophages/genetics ; *Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Humans ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 32
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
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  • 33
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    Bee venom enhances guanylate cyclase activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Bee venom and phospholipase A2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. Dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase A2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Phospholipases/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats
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  • 34
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    Gene therapy caught in more entanglements (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering/history ; Genetic Vectors ; Globins/genetics ; Government Regulation ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Israel ; Plasmids ; Thalassemia/*therapy ; United States
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    Chemical impurity produces extra compound eyes and heads in crickets (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: A chemical impurity isolated from commercially purchased acridine causes cricket embryos to develop extra compound eyes, branched antennae, extra antennae, and extra heads. Purified acridine does not produce similar duplications of cricket heads or head structures nor do the substituted acridines proflavine, acriflavine, or acridine orange. A dose-response relation exists such that the number and severity of abnormalities increase with increasing concentration of the teratogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walton, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):51-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced ; Acridines/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Contamination ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects ; Eye Abnormalities ; Head/abnormalities ; Orthoptera/*drug effects ; *Teratogens
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    Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Arginine vasopressin and a number of its synthetic analogs augment memory functions in experimental animals. One of these analogs, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), influences human learning and memory. Cognitively unimpaired, as well as cognitively impaired adults, treated with DDAVP for a period of several days, learn information more effectively, as measured by the completeness, organization, and consistency (reliability) of recall. DDAVP also appears to reverse partially the retrograde amnesia that follows electroconvulsive treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Gold, P -- Ballenger, J C -- Smallberg, S A -- Summers, R -- Rubinow, D R -- Post, R M -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Middle Aged
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    Ethanol tolerance in the rat is learned (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Rats were trained to walk on a treadmill to avoid foot shock. The animals developed tolerance for ethanol if given subsequent practice while ethanol intoxicated. Rats given equivalent doses of ethanol after practice did not develop tolerance, nor did saline-treated controls. These results challenge the hypothesis that mere repeated doses of ethanol are sufficient to induce tolerance. It seems that tolerance does not develop unless the response used to measure tolerance is performed while the subject is intoxicated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenger, J R -- Tiffany, T M -- Bombardier, C -- Nicholls, K -- Woods, S C -- 03504/PHS HHS/ -- AA 04658/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 38
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    Stress-induced analgesia in humans: endogenous opioids and naloxone-reversible depression of pain reflexes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The cumulative effects of a repetitive stress induced by anticipation of pain (noxious foot shock) were studied on the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb. The threshold of the nociceptive reflex progressively increased with the repetition of the stress. This effect was reversed by naloxone, which even produced hyperalgesia, since a rapid and significant decrease in this threshold, below the initial values, was noted. Tha data provide evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia in normal man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willer, J C -- Dehen, H -- Cambier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Reflex/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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  • 39
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    Calcium ionophore polarizes ooplasmic segregation in ascidian eggs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Calcium ionophore A23187 promotes ooplasmic segregation and orange crescent formation in eggs of the ascidian Boltenia villosa. When eggs were exposed to a gradient A23187 the orange crescent was induced to form in the region corresponding to the highest concentration of ionophore. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that a local increase in intracellular calcium polarizes cytoplasmic localization in the ascidian embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeffery, W R -- 232-HDO-7098/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-13970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cell Compartmentation/drug effects ; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ovum/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Urochordata
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    Naloxone antagonism of the thermoregulatory effects of phencyclidine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-24
    Description: Phencyclidine elicits hyperthermia at low doses and hypothermia at high doses in rats. Naloxone antagonizes both effects. Phencyclidine's effects on thermo-regulation are probably mediated by an interaction with a mu opiate receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, S D -- Guido, R A -- DA 02534/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 70082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 24;217(4566):1272-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects
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    alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA of the mouse lens: more noncoding than coding sequences (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: The 14S messenger RNA (1300 to 1500 nucleotides) for the alpha A chain of alpha-crystallin of the mammalian lens is nearly three times larger than required to code for the polypeptide that contains 173 amino acids. As a means of accounting for this anomaly, a complementary DNA clone for the mouse alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA was constructed in pBR322 and sequenced. Derivation of the protein sequence from the nucleic acid sequence showed that mouse alpha A-crystallin is similar to that of other organisms. The messenger RNA contains 536 nucleotides located on the 3' side of the coding region, excluding the polyadenylate stretch. This 3' sequence does not encode any other crystallin and has multiple termination codons in the three possible reading frames.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, C R -- Shinohara, T -- Piatigorsky, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fetal hemoglobin genes turned on in adults (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use ; Fetal Hemoglobin/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Thalassemia/therapy
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  • 43
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    Complete amino acid sequence of urotensin I, a hypotensive and corticotropin-releasing neuropeptide from Catostomus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Urotensin I, purified from extracts of the urophysis of a teleost fish (Catostomus commersoni), exhibits potent hypotensive activity (mammals and birds) and corticotropin-releasing activity (both fish and mammals). The primary structure of this 41-residue peptide was determined to be H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ile-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-Met-Ile-Glu - Met-Ala-Arg-Ile-Glu-Asn-Glu-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Gly-Leu-Asn-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu -Val-NH2. Extraction with 0.1N HCl at 100 degrees C cleaves the amino-terminal tripeptide, yeilding a fully active analog, urotensin I(4-41). The amino acid sequence was confirmed by measuring the biological activity of synthetic urotensin I(4-41). Urotensin I exhibits a striking sequence homology with ovine corticotropin-releasing factor and with frog sauvagine. These three peptides exhibit similar activities in biological test systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederis, K -- Letter, A -- McMaster, D -- Moore, G -- Schlesinger, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6981844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Fishes ; Peptides/*isolation & purification ; Species Specificity ; Urotensins/*isolation & purification
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    Somatic mutation in genes for the variable portion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: The size of the gene pool potentially encoding antibodies to p-azophenyl arsonate has been examined. A heavy chain-specific full-length complementary DNA clone has been constructed with the use of messenger RNA from a hybridoma that produces antibodies to the arsonate hapten and bears nearly a full complement of the determinants comprising the cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). The sequences of both the complementary DNA clone and the corresponding immunoglobulin heavy chain have been independently determined. A probe for the variable region gene was prepared from the original heavy chain complementary DNA clone and used to analyze, by Southern filter hybridization, genomic DNA from both A/J (CRI positive) and BALB/c (CRI negative) mice. Approximately 20 to 25 restriction fragments containing "germline" variable region gene segments were detected in both strains, and many are shared by both, Since 35 CRI-positive heavy chains have been partially sequenced thus far and 31 are different, the results of the hybridization analysis suggest that somatic mutation events involving the variable region gene segments of the heavy chain play a role in the origin of the amino acid sequence diversity seen in this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sims, J -- Rabbitts, T H -- Estess, P -- Slaughter, C -- Tucker, P W -- Capra, J D -- A112127/PHS HHS/ -- AI-06020/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; Genes ; Haptens ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Mice ; *Mutation
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    Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Macht, M -- HD 10804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32 AGO-5193/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 06723/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C B -- Hayes, W C -- AM00749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26740/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Bone Development ; Female ; Femur/*physiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum/*physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia/*physiology
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  • 47
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    Neuronal cell Thy-1 glycoprotein: homology with immunoglobulin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: The amino acid sequences of mouse brain Thy-1 glycoproteins are shown to be homologous to those of variable-region immunoglobulin domains. There is also good homology with constant domains and beta 2-microglobulin; overall the results suggest that Thy-1 may be like the primordial immunoglobulin domain. Preliminary evidence for an invertebrate Thy-1 homolog supports this possibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, A F -- Gagnon, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):696-703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Antigens, Thy-1 ; Biological Evolution ; Epitopes ; Glycoproteins/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/*immunology ; Isoantibodies/biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation
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    Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannas, I V -- Burke, J F -- Orgill, D P -- Skrabut, E M -- GM 21700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 14322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Elastomers/therapeutic use ; *Skin Transplantation ; *Wound Healing
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  • 49
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    Alcohol and pregnancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects
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  • 50
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    Eye movements of preschool children (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉HD-12572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH-00318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 7;222(4619):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Research Design
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  • 51
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    Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): amino-terminal amino acid sequence (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) obtained from outdated human platelets was subjected to amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis by automated Edman degradation. Despite the apparent presence of limited proteolytic degradation of the protein derived from this method, the sequence analysis reveals two primary peptide sequences and suggests that active PDGF is composed of two, possibly homologous, peptides linked by a disulfide bond or bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antoniades, H N -- Hunkapiller, M W -- CA30101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):963-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Growth Substances/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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    Platelet thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin: possible resolution of the "aspirin dilemma" (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Selective pharmacological inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis did not prevent arachidonate-induced aggregation of human platelets in vitro. Prevention was instead achieved by a combination of thromboxane A2 inhibitors with low concentrations of aspirin. The latter partially reduced the proaggregatory cyclooxygenase products that accumulated when thromboxane A2 synthesis was blocked. The aspirin concentrations did not affect per se either platelet aggregation or prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. The combination of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors with low doses of aspirin may offer greater antithrombotic potential than either drug alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertele, V -- Falanga, A -- Tomasiak, M -- Dejana, E -- Cerletti, C -- de Gaetano, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):517-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*pharmacology ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects/enzymology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Methacrylates/pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Thromboxane-A Synthase/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Splice junctions: association with variation in protein structure (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: A comparison between eukaryotic gene sequences and protein sequences of homologous enzymes from bacterial and mammalian organisms shows that intron-exon junctions frequently coincide with variable surface loops of the protein structures. The altered surface structures can account for functional differences among the members of a family. Sliding of the intron-exon junctions may constitute one mechanism for generating length polymorphisms and divergent sequences found in protein families. Since intron-exon junctions map to protein surfaces, the alterations mediated by sliding of these junctions can be effected without disrupting the stability of the protein core.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craik, C S -- Rutter, W J -- Fletterick, R -- AM21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26081/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM28520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*genetics ; *Serine Endopeptidases ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
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    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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    Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Behavior of squirrel monkeys, maintained by the termination of stimuli associated with electric shock, was suppressed by response-dependent shock delivery. The effects of pentobarbital on this behavior depended on whether monkeys had previously received morphine. In monkeys without experience with drugs, pentobarbital increased responding. In monkeys with recent experience with morphine, however, pentobarbital resulted in a smaller increase or decrease in responding. The rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital after a history of morphine administration could be reversed by the administration of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of abused drugs may depend on previous experience with other drugs, even when those drugs are from a different pharmacological class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glowa, J R -- Barrett, J E -- DA 02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 02873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Saimiri ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
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    The thymus-adrenal connection: thymosin has corticotropin-releasing activity in primates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
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    Modifying oculomotor activity in awake subjects increases the amplitude of eye movements during REM sleep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: The eye movements of human subjects were experimentally modified while they were awake to determine the effect of waking experience on electroculographic activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. After normal eye movements were monitored under controlled conditions, subjects spent 5 days wearing goggles that contained minification lenses and that curtailed vision to a 5 degree field. The amplitude and frequency of eye movements decreased when subjects were awake and increased during REM sleep; sleep stage durations and distributions were unaffected. Values returned to normal in the first 24 hours of recovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herman, J H -- Roffwarg, H P -- MH 3414/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electrooculography ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology
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    Implication of nonlinear kinetics on risk estimation in carcinogenesis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear kinetics are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoel, D G -- Kaplan, N L -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk
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    A parathyroid hormone inhibitor in vivo: design and biological evaluation of a hormone analog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: A synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [tyrosine-34] bPTH-(7-34)NH2, was found to inhibit parathyroid hormone action in vivo. When the analog and parathyroid hormone were infused simultaneously to rats at a molar ratio of 200 to 1, the analog inhibited the excretion of urinary phosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. When infused alone at the same dose rate, the analog was devoid of agonist activity. The compound was prepared by following design principles developed for inhibitors of parathyroid hormone, and is believed to be the first antagonist of parathyroid hormone that is effective in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, N -- Holick, M F -- Potts, J T Jr -- Rosenblatt, M -- AM11749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1053-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology ; Phosphates/urine ; Rats
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    Requirement for signal peptide cleavage of Escherichia coli prolipoprotein (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was applied to alter the cleavage site in the signal peptide of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. Replacing the glycine residue at the cleavage site with an alanine residue did not affect the processing of the signal peptide. However, when the same cleavage site was constructed by the deletion of the glycine residue, the signal peptide was no longer cleaved. These results indicate that stringent structural integrity at the cleavage site in the lipoprotein signal sequence is required for correct processing of prolipoprotein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inouye, S -- Hsu, C P -- Itakura, K -- Inouye, M -- GM19043/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):59-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Lipoproteins/*biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis ; Mutation ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis
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    Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous chromosome breakage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The tissue culture condition that is required for the type of chromosome breakage seen at most fragile sites, namely, the absence of folic acid and thymidine in the medium, greatly enhanced micronucleus formation in proliferating lymphocyte cultures from normal individuals. This suggests that chromosome breakage at fragile sites and the apparently spontaneous damage that gives rise to micronuclei are controlled by the same mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacky, P B -- Beek, B -- Sutherland, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; *Chromosome Fragility ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Folic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/pharmacology
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    Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Glucose given to the newborn human may result in hyperglycemia, suggesting that its utilization is impaired at this developmental stage. Galactose is thought to be a more appropriate carbohydrate source for the newborn. The enzymes involved in hexose phosphorylation may, in part, be responsible for these observations. A key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose assimilation, glucokinase, is diminished in newborns compared to adults, whereas galactokinase activity is increased. When newborn dogs were fasted and then fed either glucose or galactose, their plasma insulin responses to glucose were similar, but the pups fed galactose demonstrated an attenuated systemic appearance rate of glucose. Hexose incorporation into hepatic glycogen and net glycogen synthesis was augmented in the galactose-fed dogs. In vitro, liver from neonatal dogs showed enhanced galactokinase activity relative to that for hexokinase or glucokinase. Neonatal hexose assimilation may be independent of insulin action and, instead, be related to the developmental presence of hexose phosphorylating enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kliegman, R M -- Miettinen, E L -- Morton, S -- HD05740/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Dogs ; Galactokinase/*physiology ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosemias ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Phosphorylation ; Rats
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    A silent, neutral substitution detected by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: hemoglobin Beirut (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: A substitution of alanine for valine at position 126 in the beta-chain of hemoglobin was discovered in a hematologically normal adult male of Lebanese extraction. The variant beta-globin was initially observed and subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reverse-phase HPLC was also used to isolate the variant tryptic peptide of beta-T13 that has alanine replacing valine at residue 126. The discovery of hemoglobin Beirut illustrates the usefulness of reverse-phase HPLC for the detection of neutral amino acid substitutions in proteins. The ability to detect neutral substitutions in undigested proteins is pertinent to the monitoring of genetic variation in human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strahler, J R -- Rosenbloom, B B -- Hanash, S M -- R01-HL25541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):860-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male
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    Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats by intracerebral injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Intracisternal injection of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) into the pylorus-ligated rat or the rat with gastric fistula resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion stimulated with pentagastrin or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. When injected into the lateral hypothalamus--but not when injected into the cerebral cortex--CRF suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. The inhibitory effect of CRF was blocked by vagotomy and adrenalectomy but not by hypophysectomy or naloxone treatment. These results indicate that CRF acts within the brain to inhibit gastric acid secretion through vagal and adrenal mechanisms and not through hypophysiotropic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tache, Y -- Goto, Y -- Gunion, M W -- Vale, W -- River, J -- Brown, M -- AM30110/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):935-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Acid/*secretion ; Hypophysectomy ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Male ; Pentagastrin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy
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    Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teillaud, J L -- Desaymard, C -- Giusti, A M -- Haseltine, B -- Pollock, R R -- Yelton, D E -- Zack, D J -- Scharff, M D -- 5T32GM7288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI05231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10702/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):721-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/*immunology ; *Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Genes ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Subjects treated with low or high doses of ethanol demonstrated impaired memory, particularly in tests involving the recall of poorly learned information. Zimelidine, an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, reversed this ethanol-induced impairment. The serotonin neurotransmitter system may mediate learning and memory in humans and may determine some of the effects of alcohol on higher mental functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Rudorfer, M V -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):472-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6223371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brompheniramine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Memory Disorders/*chemically induced ; Mental Recall/drug effects ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology ; Zimeldine
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    Rabies virus glycoprotein analogs: biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-11
    Description: The surface of rabies virus is composed of an approximately 60,000 dalton glycoprotein, in which most of the antigenic and immunogenic determinants of the virus reside. We have constructed plasmids for the direct expression in Escherichia coli of the mature full length rabies glycoprotein gene and also for the expression of a glycoprotein gene which has been truncated to exclude the coding region for a hydrophobic, possibly transmembrane, domain of the protein. Escherichia coli harboring the plasmids synthesize analog proteins which conform by several biochemical and antigenic criteria to rabies glycoprotein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yelverton, E -- Norton, S -- Obijeski, J F -- Goeddel, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 11;219(4585):614-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/*genetics/immunology ; Plasmids ; Rabies virus/*genetics/immunology ; Viral Proteins/immunology
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    Criteria for evidence of chemical carcinogenicity. Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: The Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity reviewed and reevaluated criteria for assessing evidence of carcinogenicity of chemical substances. The panel reviewed criteria applicable to data derived from human epidemiological studies and from both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. A critical appraisal of all these sources of information led to the conclusion that the characterization of human risk always requires interdisciplinary evaluation of the entire array of data on a case-by-case basis. Animal studies, whenever possible, should be augmented by studies of mechanisms, metabolism, and pharmacodynamics. Such studies may assist in assessing risk to man. Recognizing the utility of such data should point the way for better assessment in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):682-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Event-related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Recent neurophysiological findings have demonstrated that abstinent chronic alcoholics manifest deficits in event-related brain potentials. To explore possible biological antecedents of alcoholism the present study examined boys at high risk for alcoholism. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from biological sons of alcoholic fathers and matched control boys. Differences in the P3 component of the potentials were obtained between the high-risk and control subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begleiter, H -- Porjesz, B -- Bihari, B -- Kissin, B -- AA 05524/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1493-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/*genetics/physiopathology ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Child ; Evoked Potentials ; Fathers ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Risk
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    Urinary phenyl acetate: a diagnostic test for depression? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The compound 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions. 2-Phenylethylamine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate (PAA). The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAA was measured in normal healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3. In 70 percent of healthy volunteers of both sexes, the excretion of PAA ranged between 70 and 175 milligrams per 24 hours (mean = 141.1 +/- 10.2). Inpatients with major depressive disorder (unipolar type) (N = 31) excreted less PAA (68.7 +/- 7.0 milligrams per 24 hours) and 55 percent of them excreted less than 70 milligrams per 24 hours; there were no significant differences in the PAA excretion between untreated patients (N = 13) and those treated with antidepressants that were not effective (N = 18). The PAA excretion was reduced to a lesser extent in 35 less severely depressed unipolar outpatients (drug-free for 1 week) (86.3 +/- 11.8 milligrams per 24 hours). These results suggest that low PAA urinary excretion may be a reliable state marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabelli, H C -- Fawcett, J -- Gusovsky, F -- Javaid, J -- Edwards, J -- Jeffriess, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1187-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenethylamines/metabolism/physiology ; Phenylacetates/*urine
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    Structure of a mouse submaxillary messenger RNA encoding epidermal growth factor and seven related proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: The structure of the messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the precursor to mouse submaxillary epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined from the sequence of a set of overlapping complementary DNA's (cDNA). The mRNA is unexpectedly large, about 4750 nucleotide bases, and predicts the sequence of preproEGF, a protein of 1217 amino acids (133,000 molecular weight). The EGF moiety (53 amino acids) is flanked by polypeptide segments of 976 and 188 amino acids at its amino and carboyxl termini, respectively. The amino terminal segment of the precursor contains seven peptides with sequences that are similar but not identical to EGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, J -- Urdea, M -- Quiroga, M -- Sanchez-Pescador, R -- Fong, N -- Selby, M -- Rutter, W J -- Bell, G I -- 21344/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):236-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Epidermal Growth Factor/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Submandibular Gland/metabolism
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    Indoor air pollution: a public health perspective (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor measurements. Among the more important indoor contaminants associated with health or irritation effects are passive tobacco smoke, radon decay products, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, microorganisms, and aeroallergens. Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of exposures. An overall strategy should be developed to investigate indoor exposures, health effects, control options, and public policy alternatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spengler, J D -- Sexton, K -- ES-01108/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Air Pollution, Radioactive/adverse effects ; Asbestos/adverse effects ; Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects ; Child ; Construction Materials/adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/adverse effects ; Fuel Oils/adverse effects ; Household Articles ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Radon/adverse effects ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Ventilation
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    Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and chromosomal damage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors. Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staiano-Coico, L -- Darzynkiewicz, Z -- Hefton, J M -- Dutkowski, R -- Darlington, G J -- Weksler, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Cycle/*radiation effects ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; DNA Repair/radiation effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/adverse effects ; Tritium
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    Structure of the gene encoding the immunodominant surface antigen on the sporozoite of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: The gene for the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The gene encodes a protein of 412 amino acids as deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The protein contains 41 tandem repeats of a tetrapeptide, 37 of which are Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro and four of which are Asn-Val-Asp-Pro. Monoclonal antibodies against the CS protein of Plasmodium falciparum were inhibited from binding to the protein by synthetic peptides of the repeat sequence. The CS protein of Plasmodium falciparum and the CS protein of a simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, have two regions of homology, one of which is present on either side of the repeat. One region contains 12 of 13 identical amino acids. Within the nucleotide sequence of this region, 25 of 27 nucleotides are conserved. The conservation of these regions in parasites widely separated in evolution suggests that they may have a function such as binding to liver cells and may represent an invariant target for immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dame, J B -- Williams, J L -- McCutchan, T F -- Weber, J L -- Wirtz, R A -- Hockmeyer, W T -- Maloy, W L -- Haynes, J D -- Schneider, I -- Roberts, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):593-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Epitopes/genetics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Liver/parasitology ; Malaria/*immunology ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics/immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins
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    Nucleotide sequence of a human Blym transforming gene activated in a Burkitt's lymphoma (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-03
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of a human Blym-1 transforming gene activated in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line was determined. This sequence predicts a small protein of 58 amino acids that is 33 percent identical to the predicted product of chicken Blym-1, the activated transforming gene of chicken B cell lymphomas. Both the human and chicken Blym-1 genes exhibit significant identity to an amino-terminal region of transferrins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, A -- Devine, J M -- Cooper, G M -- CA 07250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 3;225(4661):516-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transferrin/genetics
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    Smell identification ability: changes with age (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. On the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers. Peak performance occurred in the third through fifth decades and declined markedly after the seventh. More than half of those 65 to 80 years old evidenced major olfactory impairment. After 80 years, more than three-quarters evidenced major impairment. Given these findings, it is not surprising that many elderly persons complain that food lacks flavor and that the elderly account for a disproportionate number of accidental gas poisoning cases each year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doty, R L -- Shaman, P -- Applebaum, S L -- Giberson, R -- Siksorski, L -- Rosenberg, L -- NS 16265/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sex Factors ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking
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    Human-proto-oncogene nucleotide sequences corresponding to the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-03
    Description: The nucleotide sequences of the six regions within the normal human cellular locus (c-sis) that correspond to the entire transforming region of the simian sarcoma virus (SSV) genome (v-sis) were determined. The regions are bounded by acceptor and donor splice sites and, except for region 6, resemble exons. Region 6 lacks a 3' donor splice site and terminates -5 base pairs from the 3' v-sis-helper-viral junction. This is consistent with a model proposing that SSV was generated by recombination between proviral DNA of a simian sarcoma associated virus and proto-sis and that introns were spliced out subsequently from a fused viral-sis messenger RNA. This also suggests that the 3' recombination occurred within an exon of the woolly monkey (Lagothrix) genome. The open reading frames predicting the v-sis and c-sis gene products coincide with the stop codon of c-sis located 123 nucleotides into the fifth region of homology. The overall nucleotide homology was 91 percent with substitutions mainly in the third codon positions within the open reading frame and with greatest divergence within the untranslated 3' portion of the sequences. The predicted protein products for v-sis and c-sis are 93 percent homologous. The predicted c-sis gene product is identical in 31 of 31 amino acids to one of the published sequences of platelet-derived growth factor. Thus, c-sis encodes one chain of human platelet-derived growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Josephs, S F -- Guo, C -- Ratner, L -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 3;223(4635):487-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Codon ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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    Amphiphilic secondary structure: design of peptide hormones (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
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    Coronary arteries of cardiac patients are hyperreactive and contain stores of amines: a mechanism for coronary spasm (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-30
    Description: Coronary arteries from hearts of cardiac patients contain significantly higher concentrations of histamine than do those from noncardiac patients. The coronary vessels of cardiac patients are also hyperresponsive to histamine and serotonin. These differences between groups of patients suggest an explanation for coronary artery spasm in heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalsner, S -- Richards, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 30;223(4643):1435-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Cattle ; Coronary Vasospasm/*physiopathology ; Coronary Vessels/analysis/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Female ; Histamine/*analysis/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/analysis/pharmacology
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    Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS) were grown in vitro with added T-cell growth factor and assayed for the expression and release of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV). Retroviruses belonging to the HTLV family and collectively designated HTLV-III were isolated from a total of 48 subjects including 18 of 21 patients wih pre-AIDS, three of four clinically normal mothers of juveniles with AIDS, 26 of 72 adult and juvenile patients with AIDS, and from one of 22 normal male homosexual subjects. No HTLV-III was detected in or isolated from 115 normal heterosexual subjects. The number of HTLV-III isolates reported here underestimates the true prevalence of the virus since many specimens were received in unsatisfactory condition. Other data show that serum samples from a high proportion of AIDS patients contain antibodies to HTLV-III. That these new isolates are members of the HTLV family but differ from the previous isolates known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II is indicated by their morphological, biological, and immunological characteristics. These results and those reported elsewhere in this issue suggest that HTLV-III may be the primary cause of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, R C -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Shearer, G M -- Kaplan, M -- Haynes, B F -- Palker, T J -- Redfield, R -- Oleske, J -- Safai, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*microbiology ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Risk ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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  • 82
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    Cigarette craving, smoking withdrawal, and clonidine (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, significantly reduces opiate withdrawal. Fifteen heavy smokers abstained from cigarettes on three separate occasions and received instead clonidine, placebo, or the benzodiazepine alprazolam. Clonidine and alprazolam diminished withdrawal symptoms. The two drugs suppressed anxiety, tension, irritability, and restlessness equally but clonidine had a greater effect than alprazolam on cigarette craving. These observations suggest that noradrenergic activity is a common feature in the pathophysiology of withdrawal and that a special relationship exists between central noradrenergic activity and craving.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glassman, A H -- Jackson, W K -- Walsh, B T -- Roose, S P -- Rosenfeld, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alprazolam ; Anxiety/drug therapy ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clonidine/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Smoking ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*drug therapy
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  • 83
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    Lowered cholesterol decreases heart disease (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):381-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6362006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Cholestyramine Resin/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Heart Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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  • 84
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    Antigens encoded by the 3'-terminal region of human T-cell leukemia virus: evidence for a functional gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-05
    Description: Antibodies in sera from patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma or from healthy carriers of type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) recognize an antigen of approximately 42 kilodaltons (p42) in cell lines infected with HTLV-I. Radiolabel sequence analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments of p42 led to the conclusion that this antigen is encoded in part by LOR, a conserved portion of the "X" region that is flanked by the envelope gene and the 3' long terminal repeat of HTLV-I. It is possible that this novel product mediates the unique transformation properties of the HTLV family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, T H -- Coligan, J E -- Sodroski, J G -- Haseltine, W A -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Wong-Staal, F -- Gallo, R C -- Essex, M -- 2-T32-CA0903/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA07094/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA13885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):57-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cyanogen Bromide ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; Trans-Activators ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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  • 85
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    Oncogene linked to growth factor receptor (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):806.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; *Receptors, Cell Surface
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  • 86
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    Proliferation of astroglia and oligodendroglia in response to human T cell-derived factors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: Human T lymphocytes transformed by human T cell leukemia-lymphoma viruses or activated by lectins were found to produce stimulating factors that promoted both proliferation and maturation of oligodendroglial and astroglial cells in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merrill, J E -- Kutsunai, S -- Mohlstrom, C -- Hofman, F -- Groopman, J -- Golde, D W -- CA 30388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1428-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6610212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Neuroglia/*drug effects ; Oligodendroglia/*drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Fc/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
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  • 87
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    Total synthesis and cloning of a gene coding for the ribonuclease S protein (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: A gene for ribonuclease S protein, has been chemically synthesized and cloned. The gene is designed to have 25 specific restriction endonuclease sites spaced at short intervals, permitting its structure to be rapidly modified. This flexibility facilitates tests of hypotheses relating the primary structure of the enzyme to its physical and catalytic behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nambiar, K P -- Stackhouse, J -- Stauffer, D M -- Kennedy, W P -- Eldredge, J K -- Benner, S A -- 1 RO1 GM 30110-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Genes, Synthetic ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemical synthesis ; Peptide Fragments/*genetics ; Ribonucleases/*genetics
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  • 88
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    Gene product of v-fgr onc: hybrid protein containing a portion of actin and a tyrosine-specific protein kinase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-06
    Description: The nucleotide sequence of the region of Gardner-Rasheed feline sarcoma virus (GR-FeSV) encoding its primary translation product, p70gag-fgr, has been determined. From the nucleotide sequence, the amino acid sequence of this transforming protein was deduced. Computer analysis indicates that a portion of P70gag-fgr has extensive amino acid sequence homology with actin, a eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein. A second region of P70gag-fgr is closely related to the tyrosine-specific kinase gene family. Thus, the v-fgr oncogene appears to have arisen as a result of recombinational events involving two distinct cellular genes, one coding for a structural protein and the other for a protein kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naharro, G -- Robbins, K C -- Reddy, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 6;223(4631):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/analysis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Computers ; Gene Products, gag ; *Genes, Viral ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Kinases/analysis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Viruses, Feline/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/analysis/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: The possibility that hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contributes to the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with major depression was investigated by measuring the concentration of this peptide in cerebrospinal fluid of normal healthy volunteers and in drug-free patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression, schizophrenia, or dementia. When compared to the controls and the other diagnostic groups, the patients with major depression showed significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity; in 11 of the 23 depressed patients this immunoreactivity was greater than the highest value in the normal controls. These findings are concordant with the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is, at least in part, responsible for the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis characteristic of major depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Widerlov, E -- Bissette, G -- Walleus, H -- Karlsson, I -- Eklund, K -- Kilts, C D -- Loosen, P T -- Vale, W -- MH-36157/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-39415/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid ; Depressive Disorder/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia/cerebrospinal fluid
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  • 90
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    Location and chemical synthesis of a pre-S gene coded immunodominant epitope of hepatitis B virus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Immunodominant, disulfide-bond independent epitopes recognized by human antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are located within the 55-residue amino terminal portion (coded for by the pre-S region of HBV DNA) of minor HBV envelope components larger than the major protein constituents encoded by the S gene. A peptide having the sequence of the first 26 amino acids from the amino terminal methionine was synthesized and elicited antibodies (at dilutions of greater than or equal to 1 to 10(5) ) to the HBV envelope. These antibodies can be utilized for diagnostic tests. The immunogenicity of the peptide was substantially increased by covalent attachment to liposomes. The disulfide bond-independent determinants on sequences coded for by the pre-S gene may be more easily mimicked by peptide analogs than "conformational" determinants on the S-gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neurath, A R -- Kent, S B -- Strick, N -- 9011/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):392-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Epitopes/*analysis/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis/genetics/*immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*immunology ; Immunization ; Liposomes ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/genetics/*immunology ; Rabbits
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  • 91
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    Antibodies to human c-myc oncogene product: evidence of an evolutionarily conserved protein induced during cell proliferation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in order to characterize the protein product of the human c-myc oncogene. Although the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the action of mitogens on resting human T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persson, H -- Hennighausen, L -- Taub, R -- DeGrado, W -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):687-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6431612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Division ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 92
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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  • 93
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    Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) antibodies in Africa (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Antibodies specific for human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) were demonstrated in serum samples from various groups of people in South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. The samples had been collected for other purposes and were presumably selected without bias toward clinical conditions associated with HTLV infections. Regional differences in antibody positivity were observed, indicating widely distributed loci of occurrence of HTLV on the African continent in people of both black and white ancestry. Two patients with high titers of antibody to HTLV-I had some signs of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. In several groups a high frequency of false positive serum reactions was indicated when specific confirmation steps were included in the assay. Further characterization of these sera revealed highly elevated immunoglobulin levels, possibly due to polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis in these subjects. The possibility that related cross-reactive human retroviruses coexist in the same groups was not eliminated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxinger, W -- Blattner, W A -- Levine, P H -- Clark, J -- Biggar, R -- Hoh, M -- Moghissi, J -- Jacobs, P -- Wilson, L -- Jacobson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroviridae/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes
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  • 94
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    Treatment of a 12-hour shift of sleep schedule with benzodiazepines (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: Normal sleepers underwent sleep recordings and daytime tests of sleep tendency, performance, and mood while being shifted 180 degrees in their sleep-wake schedule. After two baseline 24-hour periods, subjects postponed sleep until noon. For the next three 24-hour periods, they were in bed from 1200 to 2000 and received triazolam, flurazepam, or placebo at bedtime in parallel groups. Placebo subjects showed significant sleep loss after the shift. Active medication reversed this sleep loss. Despite good sleep, flurazepam subjects appeared most impaired of the three groups on objective assessments of waking function; triazolam subjects were least impaired.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidel, W F -- Roth, T -- Roehrs, T -- Zorick, F -- Dement, W C -- NIMH 05804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arousal/drug effects ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Emotions/drug effects ; Female ; Flurazepam/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep/drug effects ; Sleep Wake Disorders/*drug therapy ; Triazolam/pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 95
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    Opioid peptides mediate the suppressive effect of stress on natural killer cell cytotoxicity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-13
    Description: The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells was investigated in rats subjected to one of two inescapable footshock stress paradigms, both of which induce analgesia, but only one via activation of opioid mechanisms. Splenic natural killer cell activity was suppressed by the opioid, but not the nonopioid, form of stress. This suppression was blocked by the opioid antagonist naltrexone. Similar suppression of natural killer activity was induced by high doses of morphine. These results suggest that endogenous opioid peptides mediate the suppressive effect of certain forms of stress on natural killer cell cytotoxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shavit, Y -- Lewis, J W -- Terman, G W -- Gale, R P -- Liebeskind, J C -- MH15795/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS07628/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 13;223(4632):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Stress, Physiological/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: In cats, infection with T-lymphotropic retroviruses can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia or T-cell depletion and immunosuppression. In humans, some highly T4 tropic retroviruses called HTLV-I can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia. The subgroup HTLV-II also induces T-cell proliferation in vitro, but its role in disease is unclear. Viruses of a third subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses, collectively designated HTLV-III, have been isolated from cultured cells of 48 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The biological properties of HTLV-III and immunological analyses of its proteins show that this virus is a member of the HTLV family, and that it is more closely related to HTLV-II than to HTLV-I. Serum samples from 88 percent of patients with AIDS and from 79 percent of homosexual men with signs and symptoms that frequently precede AIDS, but from less than 1 percent of heterosexual subjects, have antibodies reactive against antigens of HTLV-III. The major immune reactivity appears to be directed against p41, the presumed envelope antigen of the virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarngadharan, M G -- Popovic, M -- Bruch, L -- Schupbach, J -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Insect prothoracicotropic hormone: evidence for two molecular forms (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: In an insect, the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, the cerebral neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the primary effector of postembryonic development, exists as two molecular forms. These two PTTH's elicit characteristic in vitro dose responses of activation of prothoracic glands from different developmental stages, an indication that during development the glands change in their sensitivity to the neurohormones. Both PTTH's are active in a specific in situ bioassay. Since they may be released in situ at stage-specific times to evoke distinctly different developmental responses, the PTTH neuroendocrine axis appears to be an effective system for determining the functions of molecular forms of a neurohormone in the regulation of growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bollenbacher, W E -- Katahira, E J -- O'Brien, M -- Gilbert, L I -- Thomas, M K -- Agui, N -- Baumhover, A H -- AM-30118/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-31642/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS-18791/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6732895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Bombyx ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Insect Hormones/pharmacology/*physiology ; Insects/drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Larva
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Separation of signal transduction and adaptation functions of the aspartate receptor in bacterial sensing (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: In order to investigate the functions of stimulus recognition, signal transduction, and adaptation, the aspartate receptor gene for bacterial chemotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium has been sequenced and modified. A carboxyl-terminal truncated receptor was shown to bind aspartate and to transmit a signal to change motility behavior. However, the truncated receptor showed greatly reduced methyl-accepting capacity, and did not allow adaptation to the sensory stimulation. The separation of receptor functions by alteration of primary structure emphasizes that the receptor is directly involved in adaptation and is not solely a device for transmitting a signal across a membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russo, A F -- Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1016-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartic Acid ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Base Sequence ; *Chemotaxis ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Methylation ; *Receptors, Amino Acid ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/physiology ; Serine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: A domain of DNA designated N-myc is amplified 20- to 140-fold in human neuroblastoma cell lines but not in cell lines from other tumor types. N-myc has now been found to be amplified in neuroblastoma tissue from 24 of 63 untreated patients (38 percent). The extent of amplification appears to be bimodal, with amplification of 100- to 300-fold in 12 cases and 3- to 10-fold in 10 others. Amplification was found in 0 of 15 patients with stage 1 or 2 disease, whereas 24 of 48 cases (50 percent) with stage 3 or 4 had evidence of N-myc amplification. These data indicate that N-myc amplification is a common event in untreated human neuroblastomas. Furthermore, N-myc amplification is highly correlated with advanced stages of disease (P less than 0.001) and with the ability to grow in vitro as an established cell line, both of which are associated with a poor prognosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodeur, G M -- Seeger, R C -- Schwab, M -- Varmus, H E -- Bishop, J M -- CA02971/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA13539/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA17829/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1121-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Eye Neoplasms/genetics ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neuroblastoma/*genetics/physiopathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Retinoblastoma/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, M -- Duara, R -- Haxby, J -- Grady, C -- White, B J -- Kessler, R M -- Kay, A D -- Cutler, N R -- Rapoport, S I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6224294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Dementia/etiology ; Down Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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