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  • 1
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    The insect neuropeptide PTTH activates receptor tyrosine kinase torso to initiate metamorphosis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Holometabolous insects undergo complete metamorphosis to become sexually mature adults. Metamorphosis is initiated by brain-derived prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which stimulates the production of the molting hormone ecdysone via an incompletely defined signaling pathway. Here we demonstrate that Torso, a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates embryonic terminal cell fate in Drosophila, is the PTTH receptor. Trunk, the embryonic Torso ligand, is related to PTTH, and ectopic expression of PTTH in the embryo partially rescues trunk mutants. In larvae, torso is expressed specifically in the prothoracic gland (PG), and its loss phenocopies the removal of PTTH. The activation of Torso by PTTH stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and the loss of ERK in the PG phenocopies the loss of PTTH and Torso. We conclude that PTTH initiates metamorphosis by activation of the Torso/ERK pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rewitz, Kim F -- Yamanaka, Naoki -- Gilbert, Lawrence I -- O'Connor, Michael B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1403-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bombyx/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Insect Hormones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; *Metamorphosis, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pupa/growth & development ; RNA Interference ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Insect prothoracicotropic hormone: evidence for two molecular forms (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: In an insect, the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, the cerebral neuropeptide prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the primary effector of postembryonic development, exists as two molecular forms. These two PTTH's elicit characteristic in vitro dose responses of activation of prothoracic glands from different developmental stages, an indication that during development the glands change in their sensitivity to the neurohormones. Both PTTH's are active in a specific in situ bioassay. Since they may be released in situ at stage-specific times to evoke distinctly different developmental responses, the PTTH neuroendocrine axis appears to be an effective system for determining the functions of molecular forms of a neurohormone in the regulation of growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bollenbacher, W E -- Katahira, E J -- O'Brien, M -- Gilbert, L I -- Thomas, M K -- Agui, N -- Baumhover, A H -- AM-30118/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-31642/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS-18791/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6732895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Bombyx ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Insect Hormones/pharmacology/*physiology ; Insects/drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Larva
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro analysis of prothoracicotropic hormone specificity and prothoracic gland sensitivity in Lepidoptera (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 984-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) activation of pupal prothoracic glands (PG) of the cabbage army worm,Mamestra brassicae, and silkworm,Bombyx mori, were determined in vitro. Activation was assessed by comparing the increase in the rate of ecdysone synthesis by one member of a PG pair incubated with a PTTH preparation from pupal brains with the basal rate of synthesis of the other PG incubated without PTTH. A time course of ecdysone synthesis revealed thatBombyx PTTH extract activatedBombyx PG, andMamestra PTTH extract activatedMamestra PG. Dose responses of activation ofBombyx andMamestra PG by their respective PTTH were saturable and were indicative of neurohormonal activation. TheBombyx PG were half-maximally activated (A50) by far less PTTH thanMamestra PG, 0.34 and 0.91 brain equivalents, respectively. Heterologous dose response of activation studies, in which PTTH and PG fromMamestra, Bombyx and the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, were assayed for interspecific PG sensitivity and PTTH specificity, revealed cross-reactivity among the three PTTH-PG axes, withManduca PG being more sensitive to the PTTH of the other species andBombyx PTTH being the most effective in activating the PG of the other two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible juvenile hormone inhibition of ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone synthesis by the ring gland ofDrosophila melanogaster (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 1063-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Juvenile hormone ; corpus allatum ; prothoracic gland ; dipteran endocrinology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Juvenile hormone bisepoxide (JHB3) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) both inhibited the in vitro production of ecdysteroids by ring glands and brain-ring gland complexes from third instar post-feeding larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster in a reversible manner, although JHB3 had greater efficacy. The JH III and JHB3 precursor, methyl farnesoate, did not affect ecdysteroid production. The in vitro synthesis of total detectable JH (JHB3+JH III+methyl farnesoate) by the corpus allatum portion of the isolated ring gland was also inhibited reversibly in the presence of exogenous JHB3 and JH III, but not by methyl farnesoate. These data indicating negative feedback are in agreement with the accepted dogma of endocrine gland regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reappraisal of the hormonal regulation of larval fat body histolysis in femaleDrosophila melanogaster (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 49 (1993), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Cell death ; juvenile hormone ; endocrine mutants ; diapause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histolysis of larval fat body cells in adult femaleDrosophila melanogaster was examined in wild type and mutant animals. The fat body cells of wild type (Canton-S),apterous 56f homozygotes,apterous 78jts homozygotes and heterozygotes,apterous 4/+, ecdysoneless1 homozygotes and heterozygotes all underwent histolysis normally during the 72 h following adult eclosion. Only in the case ofap 4/ap4 adults did the cells fail to histolyze normally. The fat body cells of both diapausing and non-diapausing wild type females underwent histolysis at the same rate. Attempts to demonstrate histolysis in vitro were unsuccessful, even in the presence of juvenile hormones (JHs), larval ring glands, or adult ovaries. In all strains other than theap 4 homozygotes, a significant proportion of larval fat body cells were dead at any time while theap 4/ap4 animals, almost all cells remained viable. It is postulated that fat body cell lysis following eclosion is not a JH-mediated event, but is elicited by an as yet unidentified factor(s), possibly originating in the ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989420
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect Endocrinology: Regulation of Endocrine Glands, Hormone Titer, and Hormone Metabolism (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 42 (1980), S. 493-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.002425
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antimicrobial activity of some insect extracts possessing juvenile hormone activity (1962)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 18 (1962), S. 14-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Extraktstoffe vonH. cecropia, S. cynthia undR. orizaba zeigten antibakterielle Wirkung gegenüber mehreren Mikroorganismen. Ein schwächerer Effekt wurde auch mit den Extraktstoffen vonGalleria mellonella, adulten Männchen vonCynthia- und vonCecropia-Puppen beobachtet. Die antimikrobielle Aktivität wurde mit dem Fettsäureanteil der Extraktstoffe in Beziehung gesetzt und von der Wirkung des Juvenilhormons abgegrenzt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02136630
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corpus allatum is release site for insect prothoracicotropic hormone (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 285 (1980), S. 669-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Establishment of the neurohaemal organ for PTTH required the identification of the cerebral NSC responsible for its synthesis and their axonal distribution, as well as a titre of PTTH in the brain and retrocerebral complex (CC plus CA) during metamorphosis. The PTTH NSC in freshly ecdysed pupae of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/285669a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an α-ecdysone cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase in insect fat body mitochondria (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 660-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig 1 Stoichiometry of a cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase type reaction and the C-20 hydroxylation of α- to β- ecdysone. In vertebrates, steroid hormone hydroxylations are catalysed by hydroxylase systems possessing a terminal cytochrome P-450 (refs 7 and 8). These enzyme ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268660a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplification of the ecdysteroid radioimmunoassay by the use of protein A fromStaphylococcus aureus (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 393-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three methods of separating antibody-bound ligand from free ligand were compared for an ecdysteroid radioimmunoassay. Ecdysteroid antibody concentration and ligand specific radioactivity were adjusted to measure 2 ranges of ecdysone concentrations (0.01–2.0 ng and 0.25–32.0 ng). In comparison with the tradiotional separating agent, ammonium sulfate, neither protein A nor polyethylene glycol altered sensitivity or specificity of the radioimmunoassays. The protein A immunoglobulin precipitation method is quick and simple, making it a preferred alternative protocol for terminating ecdysteroid radioimmunoassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952570
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