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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (20,212)
  • Chemical Engineering  (4,127)
  • Fisheries
  • 2005-2009  (79)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses. In spite of the efforts that are currently underway, researchers still do not have a detailed understanding of the impact that bycatch produces on sea turtle populations in the SWA. We have a long way to go before its effects can be minimized. Further research is needed regarding the biology and ecology of the various turtle species as well as the effective application of mitigation measures. The life cycles of sea turtles are long and complex. Turtles occupy various ecosystems (nesting beaches, coastal, neritic and oceanic zones, as well as pelagic and demersal areas) throughout their lifetimes, transcending various Exclusive Economic Zones and International Waters. The five species that inhabit the SWA region perform vast feeding and reproductive migrations, traveling through areas where many different fishing fleets operate. Therefore, sea turtles in the SWA interact with virtually all fisheries. These circumstances make it necessary to carry out biological, fishing related and conservation studies on a regional level. The efficiency of the existing international and national legal instruments has yet to be determined, in terms of their effectiveness in protecting sea turtles. In some cases, legislation that is specifically related to the interaction between fisheries and turtles does exist, such as those laws requiring the mandatory use of turtle excluding devices (TEDs). There are also explicit bans on sea turtle capture. Nevertheless, none of these regulations prevent sea turtle bycatch. Although some regional legal instruments are needed, these and the existing legislation will only be effective if they are accompanied by a broader range of permanent education and control measures, to achieve the commitment of all the parties involved. The ecosystem approach is gaining popularity among fishery administration organizations. Research and conservation efforts should also be moving in that direction. A regional and international effort is required in order to compile information regarding the bycatch produced by the various types of fisheries and fleets operating in the area. The enormous increase in fishing pressure that these fleets are exerting in this area has not been accompanied by an increase in information regarding the bycatch of species that have no commercial value. Pelagic longlining is one of the fishing methods, which must be most closely monitored, due to the high levels of bycatch that it produces, as well its ample distribution throughout the region, and the high level of fishing effort that it accounts for. Coastal trawlers and gillnetters must also be considered critical players, because they too produce a large rate of bycatch. These are the three types of fisheries that are most broadly distributed throughout the region, accounting for the majority of the fishing effort. Most of the institutions that work toward sea turtle conservation in the area have only begun to address the issue of bycatch over the last decade. This timeframe is reflected in the scope and quantity of the available publications, as well as the progress of activities directed at mitigating this problem. All of the institutions that have been mentioned in this report have made the gathering of information regarding interaction between sea turtles and fisheries one of their top priorities. Some institutions are even developing working programs for monitoring fisheries and testing mitigation measures. Many of these institutions have managed to develop adequate relationships with fishermen, ship owners and administrators. Nevertheless, limited access to funding is an obstacle to the development and testing of mitigation measures. The SWA network, which is a very valuable instrument that was created in 2003, has allowed the region’s institutions and researchers to exchange information and share their experience, in addition to lending each other support in carrying out joint activities, thus strengthening sea turtle conservation efforts. The capacity demonstrated so far by the region’s researchers and institutions, testifies to their ability to continue to make progress in knowledge generation and tests of bycatch mitigation measures.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71 pp
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    MGAP | DINARA
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: A partir de la firma del Proyecto de Gestión Pesquera DINARA-FAO (UTF/URU/025/URU), en septiembre de 2007, se comenzó a conformar una Unidad de Economía Pesquera. Sus objetivos se focalizaron en fortalecer la capacidad de recolección y análisis estadístico de la información socio-económica del sector. En el 2008 esta Unidad compiló y realizó un análisis de la información comprendida entre los años 2002 y 2007, reanudando luego de varios años esta publicación histórica. La misma fue un éxito en todo sentido, especialmente para consulta de los diferentes actores del sector. La aceptación y receptividad que ha tenido dicha publicación nos motiva y obliga a continuar en esta línea, rumbo a la obtención de un producto de valor y utilidad, basado exclusivamente en información oficial nacional. Este año retomamos la serie anual poniendo nuevamente a disposición de todos información actualizada, completa y de calidad que estamos seguros será nuevamente de gran beneficio para el sector público como privado, así como de interés para el público en general.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Trade ; Fishery statistics ; Fisheries ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 48
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Este documento, dirigido al sector pesquero, investigadores, conservacionistas y administradores de las pesquerías, surge como respuesta de investigadores pertenecientes al Grupo de Especialistas en Investigación y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas en el Atlántico Sud Occidental (ASO) a la urgente necesidad de evaluar el impacto de las pesquerías sobre las tortugas marinas. Históricamente, los esfuerzos referidos a la conservación de las tortugas marinas se han dirigido casi exclusivamente a proteger las playas de anidación. Sin embargo en la última década se ha podido comprobar que una de las mayores amenazas es la mortalidad incidental causada por las pesquerías. Esta interacción no implica únicamente un problema para las tortugas, sino que también genera pérdidas económicas para los pescadores y las empresas.
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses.
    Description: Cont. fotografías
    Description: Published
    Description: Sea Turtle, keeping
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente trabajo llama la atención a las recientes epidemias de intoxicación histamínicas reportadas en los Estados Unidos, debido al consumo del dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) o Mahi-Mah, contaminado. Esto dió como resultado la prohición de las importaciones de esta especie, proveniente de varios países entre ellos el Ecuador, y siendo el dorado una especie de relativa importancia económica en este país, dicha prohibición ha preocupado al sector pesquero. Los estudios llevados a cabo muestran claramente la susceptibilidad de esta especie a desarrollar histamina. Esto se debe principalmente a la temperatura a la que está expuesta, pues la demora antes de enhielar el pescado es la etapa crítica. Los resultados muestran un aumento exponencial de los niveles de histamina, en ciertos casos después de tan solo 9 horas de almacenaje a temperaturas ambientales entre 25-30°C. Los niveles de histamina en pescado muestreado en el mercado local fueron tan altos como 250 mg/100g de muestra. Se demuestra que el problema se debe fundamentalmente al mal manejo de la captura por parte de la flota artesanal, y la subsecuente falta de infraestructura adecuada para conservarla, es decir, no se enfría el pescado. Sin embargo, el estudio muestra que una reducción de la temperatura del pescado de solo 15° menos, podría dar como resultado un producto de mayor calidad. En el presente trabajo se hacen recomendaciones para establecer un nivel máximo permitido para la exportación de 10 mg%, y se comparan dos métodos rápidos de análisis.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Histamines ; Quality control ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 153 experimental sets were made with stackable Antillean fish traps in depths of 5 to 30 m in the waters around the Galápagos Island (Ecuador), between Octobre and April 1983. 1,885 fish were caught of 18 species mainly of the families Pomadasyidae, Acanthuridae, Sparidae and Serranidae. The mean catch rate was 5,5 Kg per lift or 0,4 Kg.h-1, and the mean weight of the fish caught was 0,45 Kg. The optimum set duration was found to be between 2 and 18 hours (possibly indicating a high rate of escape). This study took place during the period of the ”El Niño”, when catches of fish in this area generally were low, and it is not known what effect this had. The catches were good compared with other shallow areas, but the fishes caught were mainly of medium quality. It is thought that significant increases in the quantity and quality of the catch could be obtained with commercial traps in deeper areas, but the efficient use of these would require new vessels and equipment, and the resulting increase in fishing effort could lead to overfishing of the most acceptable species of reef fish. Hence the development of fishery using fish traps is not recommended for Galápagos. A study of the biology of the fish caught was carried out. A bibliography of references on fish traps and their use was compiled and is included.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Trap fishing ; Fisheries ; Catch statistics ; Trap fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Le domaine maritime sénégalais s’étend de 18°00 N, -20°00 W, -16°30 E, 12°15 S ; la presqu’île du Cap-Vert située entre 14°30 N et 15°00 N le divise en deux zones aux caractéristiques topographiques distinctes. Au nord, le plateau continental est peu étendu vers le large et orienté Nord-Nord/Est. Au sud de la presqu’île, le plateau s’élargit et le talus continental est orienté nord-sud. L’embouchure du fleuve Sénégal au Sénégal au Nord de la presqu’île du Cap-Vert et celles de la Gambie et de la Casamance au Sud constituent également un trait marquant de cette région. Les travaux réalisés au Sénégal en océanographie ont montré : - l’existence de deux saisons marines aux caractéristiques très différentes qui se succèdent : une saison chaude de juillet à octobre et une saison froide de décembre à mai. Ces deux saisons sont séparées par des périodes de transition. Pendant la saison froide, les alizés (vent de secteur nord-ouest à nord-est) s’établissent et engendrent à la côte une résurgence d’eau profonde (upwelling) vers la surface ; - la mise en évidence de systèmes de grands courants aux caractéristiques différentes : le courant des Canaries et le contre courant équatorial ; - la description de trois grandes houles au large du Sénégal : o la houle de Nord-Nord ouest qui a lieu toute l’année o la houle de Sud-Sud ouest apparaissant pendant l’hivernage o la houle d’ouest possible aux environs du mois de novembre. Le littoral sénégalais représente une zone d’intérêt stratégique à la fois sur le plan démographique, économique et environnemental. Les milieux naturels, dans un état de conservation relativement préservé, produisent des ressources vitales pour les 11 millions d’habitants peuplant le Sénégal. L’économie nationale sénégalaise est très dépendante de ces ressources côtières et marines qui constituent les principales recettes en devises, qu’il s’agisse de pêche ou de tourisme. L’analyse de la situation et des tendances montre que la zone côtière fait l’objet de pressions diversifiées et de plus en plus lourdes. Ces pressions se traduisent souvent par des conflits d’intérêts entre les différents secteurs et par des impacts qui génèrent une dégradation de l’environnement et des conditions de vie des populations. Cette évolution risque ainsi de compromettre les potentialités de développement offertes par les 700 Km de littoral sénégalais. La pression démographique se développe préférentiellement sur la zone côtière qui accueille déjà près de 60% des habitants, notamment dans les centres urbains et les capitale, toutes situées en bord de mer, et qui continuent à recevoir des populations en provenance de l’intérieur, réfugiés climatiques ou économiques, ou simplement jeunesse attirée par les « lumières de la ville ». Cet exode, à l’origine de dysfonctionnements des systèmes de production ruraux qui manquent peu à peu de main d’oeuvre, contribue à son tour à générer des perturbations au niveau des centres urbains où la misère se substitue parfois à la pauvreté.
    Description: Les besoins en matériaux de construction consécutifs à cette évolution démographique entraînent des prélèvements massifs de sable sur les plages qui ont à leur tour des conséquences négatives sur l’érosion et la protection du littoral. La fragilisation des cordons dunaires augmente ainsi les risques d’inondations des terres, la ville de Saint Louis étant particulièrement vulnérable à cet égard. Les besoins en développement ont conduit à la réalisation d’infrastructures le long du littoral. Ces constructions, qui tiennent trop rarement compte des contraintes environnementales, ont entraîné des répercussions structurelles sur l’équilibre de la zone côtière. Ainsi, les barrages anti-sel, tel le barrage de Diama sur le fleuve Sénégal, ont entraîné des répercussions sur le fonctionnement de certains écosystèmes côtiers. En condamnant les influences des apports d’eau douce ils appauvrissent les milieux situés en aval, stérilisant peu à peu des zones riches en ressources ainsi que les économies et les cultures qui en dépendent. Le ralentissement des courants et la baisse de salinité en amont du barrage favorisent l’apparition de certaines plantes envahissantes, telles que la bilharziose ou le paludisme. Les effectifs de poissons dépendant de milieux à salinité variable sont directement affectés, expliquant par exemple une chute de près de 70% des captures dans le bas delta du Sénégal. Les besoins du développement se traduisent également par l’amélioration ou la création d’axes routiers qui, dans la majorité des cas, longent la zone côtière. Ces ouvrages entraînent des impacts directs sur l’environnement, tels la destruction des mangroves là où les routes barrent l’écoulement des marées (exemple de la route Samba Dia – Djifère. Les systèmes de production traditionnels sont en règle générale peu préparés à faire face à des circuits de commercialisation organisés à une échelle régionale ou internationale, où à des technologies plus performantes, et éprouvent des difficultés à maintenir un contrôle sur leur terroir. Faute de pouvoir opérer une métamorphose rapide de leur système de production, le risque existe de voir peu à peu disparaître des savoir-faire d’une grande valeur dans la gestion même de ces territoires et de leurs ressources et , plus généralement, des cultures qui leur sont associées. Le développement industriel exerce des impacts potentiels ou réels de grande magnitude sur la zone côtière et marine. Les secteurs les plus significatifs à cet égard sont le tourisme et les hydrocarbures. Concernant le premier, les infrastructures, principalement orientées vers le tourisme balnéaire, sont en grande majorité installées à proximité directe de la zone côtière. L’absence quasi généralisée d’études d’impacts approfondies et indépendantes a conduit à de nombreux échecs. Ainsi, la plupart des projets ont été pensés et réalisés sans tenir suffisamment compte des contextes socio-économiques, culturels et environnementaux dans lesquels ils s’insèrent. Certaines réalisations ont été planifiées sur des secteurs soumis à une forte érosion littorale, compromettant de façon irrémédiable non seulement les investissements mais l’utilisation ultérieure du site, comme cela s’est produit sur les plages au sud immédiat du Cap Skirring. Les questions relatives à la disponibilité en eau douce qui se posent de façon cruciale dans le Saloum par exemple, à la gestion des déchets et des eaux usées ne sont que rarement prises en considération de façon structurelle et durable, conduisant à la dégradation de l’environnement ou à des conflits avec les communautés locales qui nuisent à la qualité même du tourisme. L’exploration et l’exploitation des ressources en hydrocarbures représentent aussi un secteur d’intérêt stratégique avec une généralisation des prospections. Si la découverte de gisement d’intérêt commercial représente une opportunité majeure pour l’économie nationale, elle soulève néanmoins un certain nombre de questions au regard de l’environnement. En effet les des puits. Parmi ces risques nous pouvons citer les impacts des études sismiques sur les organismes marins, notamment poissons et cétacés, le rejet de fluides toxiques et déblais de forage, le déversement des eaux de production et les pollutions aiguës dues à des accidents intervenant pendant le forage, le stockage ou le transport. Le Sénégal en ce moment, en est au stade de la prospection. Toutefois, pour ce qui concerne le transport d’hydrocarbures, plus de 90 000 0000 de tonnes d’hydrocarbures transitent par les côtes sénégalaises. Les modèles de dérive des nappes élaborés par la Compagnie pétrolière Woodside en relation avec le champ de Chinguetti, actuellement en cours de production au large de la Mauritanie, montrent des probabilités d’impact sur les côtes allant du golfe d’Arguin jusqu’à Dakar, en cas d’accident. La surexploitation des ressources halieutiques constitue également un problème au niveau de l’environnement marin et côtier. En effet, si une partie de la fluctuation des biomasses peut s’expliquer par les changements du régime des upwellings, la baisse des captures s’explique par un effort de pêche excessif, que ce soit dans le sous-secteur industriel ou artisanal. A cette surcapacité vient s’ajouter la présence de flottes illicites non déclarées et non réglementées. L’utilisation de certains engins ou pratiques de pêche contribue à aggraver la situation : la pêche crevettière est à l’origine de prises accidentelles qui représentent jusqu’à 85 % du total des captures, incluant des espèces protégées comme les tortues marines, et qui sont rejetés à la mer . Les chaluts de fonds, qui vont pêcher jusqu’à 800 m de profondeur, ainsi que les dragues à coquillages entraînant des dégâts structurels sur les écosystèmes De plus l’influence des marchés à l’exportation exerce des pressions sélectives sur certaines espèces, les espèces démersales de poissons, céphalopodes étant les plus recherchées sur le marché. Les changements climatiques ont également des impacts négatifs sur l’environnement marin et côtier. On sait que l’élévation du niveau marin aura des répercussions directes sur les installations humaines littorales ainsi que sur les écosystèmes insulaires et côtiers. Des zones de mangroves entières qui ne disposent pas des conditions écologiques pour s’adapter peuvent disparaître, entraînant des risques accrus d’érosion et d’inondation. Ces mêmes risques se multiplient avec la fréquence accrue des épisodes météorologiques exceptionnels tels que les ondes de tempêtes capables de drosser les pirogues à la côte ou de provoquer la rupture de cordons dunaires. On sait par ailleurs que le réchauffement de la température des mers influe négativement sur la productivité des océans et la dynamique des courants tels que le courant profond originaire de l’antarctique et qui exporte vers le Sénégal et les autres pays de la sousrégion des sels nutritifs présents dans les upwellings. On observe également une diminution de la puissance des alizés qui pourrait avoir des répercussions directes sur la force des upwellings et donc sur la productivité des pêcheries et du milieu marin en général. La stratégie de réponse proposée combine une protection des zones côtières importantes et un reboisement des dunes littorales dans les secteurs de la côte nord et de la Flèche de Sangomar particulièrement menacés. L’évaluation économique de cette stratégie montre qu’elle est coûteuse mais nettement en deçà de la valeur économique des terres qu’elle sera amenée à protéger. Des efforts complémentaires devront cependant être faits pour évaluer le coût d’autres solutions de protection telles que le nourissement artificiel des plages. Par ailleurs, la stratégie envisagée ne répondant qu’à l’un des impacts des changements climatiques, à savoir les inondations, toute une série de mesures dites d’accompagnement ont été suggérées qui visent à diminuer la vulnérabilité en gérant mieux les ressources présentes dans la zone côtière, en développant les techniques de récupération des sols salés et en prenant des mesures législatives et institutionnelles appropriées. Enfin, il est très important de souligner que ces différentes mesures ne devraient être envisagées que dans un cadre plus global de gestion intégrée des zones côtières, seul à même d’assurer la participation de l’ensemble des acteurs concernés, l’éducation, la recherche et l’information environnementales mais aussi la cohérences et le suivi des mesures.
    Description: Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature, des Bassins de Rétention et des Lacs Artificiels, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: écosystéme marin; technique de pêche; filet; érosion côtière; pollution; pêche; flore; environnement; migration; pêcheur; oiseau d'eau; tortue marine; lamantin; requin; mammifére marin; réglementation; mangrove; écosystème; estuaire; delta
    Keywords: Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Marine environment ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Fisheries ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Flora ; Fishing nets ; Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Marine environment ; Marine mammals ; Shark fisheries ; Turtle fisheries ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Migrations ; Flora ; Fisheries ; Marine pollution ; Fishing nets ; Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 1456859 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71
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  • 7
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    Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper examines the arrival of a new group of fishermen on the Kenyan coast and what this has meant for the state of fishery resources. It reviews four subject areas: access and the number of fishermen; the fishermen’s identity; the choice of fishing gear; and the fishing grounds selected. Data were collected from a small number of fishing households in the villages of Uyombo and Takaungu in Kilifi District, using mainly qualitative research methods. Local households on the Kenyan coast face increasing pressure on land as well as on marine resources. The declining economic situation and greater pressure on land have made people turn to fishing as an income-generating activity. This group of fishermen is referred to as the ‘new’ generation of fishermen as they have been involved in fishing for only one or two generations (including the current one) in contrast to the ‘old’ generation from families who have been fishing or in fishingrelated activities for much longer. The old generation of fishermen and their households have also diversified their incomes, with many fishing households turning to farming, for example, with women and grown-up children involved in various activities. The new generation of fishermen, mainly of the Mijikenda population group, has often been blamed for the loss of traditional access regulations and for using harmful fishing gear. This paper discusses the new generation of fishermen and their identity as they perceive it and relates this to employment generation as a policy measure for marine conservation.
    Description: Published
    Description: Artisanal fisheries;household survey; income diversification; marine conservation,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fisheries ; Fishery resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: FAO, Rome (Italie);Ministère du Développement et de l'Hydraulique, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: Plan de développement; fôret; pêche; milieu continental; aquaculture; pisciculture ; bilan ; facteur climatique; facteur hydrologique ; facteur socio économique; population rurale; ressources naturelles; poisson d'eau douce; ressources naturelles; gestion de l'environnement; technique de pêche; commercialisation ; consommation; projet de développement
    Keywords: Natural resources ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Marketing ; Development projects ; Forests ; Climatic data ; Hydrology ; Inland water environment ; Aquatic environment ; Development potential ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Marketing ; Development projects ; Fish consumption ; Hydrology ; Inland water environment ; Aquatic environment ; Forests ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Climatic data ; Natural resources ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 412144 bytes
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rick, Torben C -- Erlandson, Jon M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):952-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1178539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. rickt@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Archaeology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Humans ; Marine Biology ; Otters ; Population Dynamics ; Sea Urchins ; Shellfish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1132. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fisheries ; *Humpback Whale ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Ussr
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Brian -- Barrett, Scott -- Polasky, Stephen -- Galaz, Victor -- Folke, Carl -- Engstrom, Gustav -- Ackerman, Frank -- Arrow, Ken -- Carpenter, Stephen -- Chopra, Kanchan -- Daily, Gretchen -- Ehrlich, Paul -- Hughes, Terry -- Kautsky, Nils -- Levin, Simon -- Maler, Karl-Goran -- Shogren, Jason -- Vincent, Jeff -- Xepapadeas, Tasos -- de Zeeuw, Aart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1175325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. brian.walker@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climatic Processes ; Communicable Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Health ; Humans ; *International Agencies ; *International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Charles H -- Monger, Bruce C -- McGarry, Louise P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):733-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1173951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. chg2@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; Gadiformes/physiology ; Ovum/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Salinity ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Fondée sur l'intégration des principes et démarqhes des sciences de l'information et de la communication avec ceux du marketing social et relationnel, la stratégie de communicaton du Programme Girmac se décline sous la forme d'une vision globale, des objectifs généraux, des cibles ainsi que des activités et outils spécifiques de communication
    Description: Published
    Description: Girmac. strategie de communication
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Communication ; Fisheries ; Communication ; Information scientists ; Communication systems ; Marine environment ; Fisheries ; Canoe fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Durante las últimas décadas se ha observado un incremento de la captura (descartada y retenida) de condrictios en las pesquerías artesanales e industriales, conjuntamente con un rápido crecimiento de las pesquerías no reguladas, lo cual ha ocasionado una disminución en muchas poblaciones de este grupo de peces en todos los mares del mundo. La sobrepesca y los elevados niveles de mortalidad ocasionados por la captura incidental, asi como la degradación y contaminación de áreas costeras donde se ubican las zonas de alimentación, reproducción y cría para muchas especies de condrictios, han colocado a este grupo de peces en una situación difícil. Estos hechos, combinados con el bajo potencial reproductivo y la estrategia de vida de la mayoría de las especies de condríctios, no permiten una recuperación de las poblaciones, cuando las mismas se ven enfrentadas a períodos de sobreexplotación. En las aguas de Uruguay ocurren aproximadamente 100 especies de condrictios, muchas de las cuales son capturadas por diferentes pesquerias, tanto de forma incidental como dirigida. Debido a la preocupación a nivel internacional sobre la sustentabilidad de las pesquerías de tiburones, la FAO en 1998 realizó una consulta internacional a expertos y desarrolló un “Plan de Acción Internacional para la Conservación y el Manejo de los Tiburones” (PAI - Tiburones), el cual fue adoptado en 1999. El objetivo del PAI - Tiburones es asegurar la conservación, el manejo y el uso sustentable a largo plazo de los tiburones. Al hacer referencia a “tiburones”, se incluyen a todos los condrictios (tiburones, batoideos y quimeras). Este documento se divide en dos Capítulos y cuatro Anexos. El primer capítulo incluye los objetivos del PAN - Condrictios Uruguay y las medidas propuestas para alcanzar los mismos. El segundo capítulo contiene un diagnóstico general de los condrictios, las pesquerías y el marco jurídico. Como anexos se incluyen una lista de especies de condrictios citadas para Uruguay junto a su status en las listas rojas de la UICN, una reseña biológica de las especies consideradas prioritaras, una lista de abreviaturas, y listas de instituciones y personas que participaron de las reuniones desarrolladas durante el proceso de elaboración del PAN – Condrictios Uruguay. Las medidas propuestas por el PAN - Condrictios Uruguay se deberán aplicar a todas las pesquerías efectuadas por buques de bandera uruguaya, incluso los que operan fuera de la zona económica exclusiva de Uruguay.
    Description: Published
    Description: chondrichthyan, legal norm
    Keywords: M42 ; Fisheries ; Fisheries ; Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La captura incidental en pesquerías comerciales ha sido identificada como una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de este grupo de aves, siendo los albatros (familia: Diomedeidae) y los petreles (familia: Procellariidae) las especies más afectadas. Debido a que los albatros y petreles presentan una gran longevidad y una baja fecundidad, pocas crías y un lento desarrollo, sus poblaciones son muy sensibles al aumento en la tasa de mortalidad causado por la captura incidental en las pesquerías. Anualmente son capturadas y muertas miles de aves marinas en las pesquerías comerciales que operan con diferentes configuraciones de palangre alrededor del mundo. Este arte, entre otras causas, está contribuyendo al descenso de varias poblaciones de albatros y preteles, configurando un claro riesgo de extinción de estas especies, si se permite que las tendencias actuales persistan. Las pesquerías de arrastre también interactúan con las aves marinas provocando la mortalidad de las mismas en un importante número. Otras pesquerías que capturan aves marinas son las que operan con redes de enmalle, redes de cerco y poteras. Respondiendo a la necesidad de reducir la mortalidad de aves marinas la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) desarrolló un Plan de Acción Internacional para Reducir la Captura Incidental de Aves Marinas en las Pesquerías de Palangre, el cual propicia la elaboración de Planes de Acción Nacionales en cada uno de sus países miembros. El objetivo del Plan de Acción Nacional – Aves Marinas de Uruguay es presentar un marco general que permita instrumentar medidas para la reducción de la captura incidental de aves marinas en todas las pesquerías de Uruguay.
    Description: Published
    Description: seabirds
    Keywords: M42 ; Fisheries ; Catching methods ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 75
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  • 16
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2005 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime, pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Commercial fishing ; Artisanal fishing ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Fishing vessels statistics ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Shrimp fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 110
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  • 17
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2004 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime et des Transports Maritimes Internationaux, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime, pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Marine resources ; Marketing ; Coastal fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Multispecies fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Fish catch statistics ; Fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Marine molluscs ; Marine resources ; Marketing ; Capture fishery economics ; Multispecies fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 115
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  • 18
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2006 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fishery data ; Marine fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Commercial fishing ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery industry ; Fishery data ; Fishery statistics ; Fishing vessels statistics ; Marine fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 104
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 7 (2008): 772-781, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2008.03.002.
    Description: In this study, we develop a framework for measuring the value of harmful algal bloom (HAB) predictions. The framework captures the effects of both private and public responses to HABs. Using data from the New England nearshore commercial shellfish fishery and impact estimates for a large-scale HAB event in 2005, we illustrate how the potential value of HAB forecasts may be estimated. The results of our study suggest that the long-term value of a HAB prediction and tracking system for the Gulf of Maine is sensitive to the frequency of HAB events, the accuracy of predictions, the choice of HAB impact measures, and the effectiveness of public and private responses.
    Description: This paper is a result of research funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coastal Ocean Program under award #NA04NOS4780270 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Harmful algal bloom (HAB) ; Red tide ; Fisheries ; Value of information ; Forecast ; Marine scientific research
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 20
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Du 1er au 25 octobre 2006, une enquête auprés des pêcheurs du fleuve Sénégal a été conduite afin de recueillir des informations sur les populations de lamantins notamment entre Podor et Bakel. entre autres résultats, la mission a pu rencontré beaucoup de communautés de pêcheurs et observé le Trichechus senegalensis (nom scientifique de l'espéce). Nous reproduisons quasiment in extenso la note de synthèse que le Chef de mission a bien voulu mettre à la disposition des lecteurs de DIISO
    Description: Published
    Description: lamantin; Trichechus senegalensis
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Surveys ; Surveys ; Fisheries
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Supported by IOC/IODE
    Description: Document available in English
    Description: ASFA
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquatic sciences ; Fisheries ; Abstracts
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Walbridge, Shaun -- Selkoe, Kimberly A -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- Bruno, John F -- Casey, Kenneth S -- Ebert, Colin -- Fox, Helen E -- Fujita, Rod -- Heinemann, Dennis -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Madin, Elizabeth M P -- Perry, Matthew T -- Selig, Elizabeth R -- Spalding, Mark -- Steneck, Robert -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):948-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):184. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.184.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Bivalvia ; China ; Cyprinidae ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: Atlantic bluefin tuna populations are in steep decline, and an improved understanding of connectivity between individuals from eastern (Mediterranean Sea) and western (Gulf of Mexico) spawning areas is needed to manage remaining fisheries. Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were distinct and served as natural tags to assess natal homing and mixing. Adults showed high rates of natal homing to both eastern and western spawning areas. Trans-Atlantic movement (east to west) was significant and size-dependent, with individuals of Mediterranean origin mixing with the western population in the U.S. Atlantic. The largest (oldest) bluefin tuna collected near the northern extent of their range in North American waters were almost exclusively of western origin, indicating that this region represents critical habitat for the western population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rooker, Jay R -- Secor, David H -- De Metrio, Gregorio -- Schloesser, Ryan -- Block, Barbara A -- Neilson, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):742-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1161473. Epub 2008 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, USA. rookerj@tamug.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Homing Behavior ; Likelihood Functions ; Mediterranean Sea ; Otolithic Membrane/chemistry ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Tuna/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1786-7. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5909.1786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; North Sea ; Nutritive Value ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sea Lions ; Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Ministère de l'économie et des Finances
    Description: Published
    Description: Pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle,pêche maritime,pêche sardinière, produits halieutiques,Transformation,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery products ; Marine fish ; Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishery products
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    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: pêcherie; gestion des ressources; cymbium; poulpe; crevette
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Biodiversity ; Fishery resources ; Biodiversity ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Fishery resources ; Bait fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper
    Format: 2371081 bytes
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  • 28
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    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The exploitation status of cardinalfish (Epigonus crassicaudus) yielded in Chile between 33° to 41°S was analyzed. An indirect assessment was performed between 1997 and 2003 through size-structured model with a transition matrix defining the changes among sizes. The model was calibrated using size structures, official landings, catch-per-unit of effort (CPUE) taken from commercial fishing logbooks and standardized by generalized linear models (GLM). After 7 years of an intense fishery activity, we concluded that the cardinalfish resource in Chile is on the recruitment overfishing limit. On 2003, the spawning biomass with respect to the virginal spawning biomass is close to 40%. The biological references points (BRP) based on spawning per recruit biomass (SPR) support this assesment because the fishing mortality level on 2003 (Fact) was very close to fishing mortality level of 40% of SRP at virginal value (F40%).
    Description: Published
    Description: Besugo, Cardinalfish
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Stock assessment ; Exploitation ; Fisheries ; Stock assessment
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche par espéce; crustacé
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Capture fishery economics ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 1546887 bytes
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Fishery oceanography ; Fisheries ; Fishery economics ; Fishery statistics ; Fishery oceanography ; Commercial fishing ; Artisanal fishing ; Fish catch statistics ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 792055 bytes
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    Format: 129 pp
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêche par espéce; Saint-Louis; Thiès; Louga; Dakar; Ziguinchor
    Keywords: Fishery products ; Fisheries ; Capture fishery economics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery statistics ; Fishery products ; Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 950233 bytes
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  • 32
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The first year of the New England Regional Fisheries Management Council has been marked by its experimental aura. Neither the Council nor the various sectors (representatives of the Federal and State agencies, members of the fishing industry, the public at large) were clear as to exactly what they were to do and how they were to do it--except in the broadest, most flexible (ambiguous?) terms. This created certain operational difficulties, and confusion for those whose livelihood was affected by the Council's operation. This latter group, particularly the fishermen, knew little of what went on, save in terms of the 'public facet of the Council--i.e., that portion of the Council's performance which occurred during the monthly meetings which were open to the public and which, supposedly, received public input at that time. This study defines that public face, deliberately avoiding the presentation of any data which was not accessible to the average audience participant, in an attempt to present some of the behavior which all participants demonstrated and which generated responses and reactions on the part of the other sectors. It uses standard anthropological techniques of data gathering and analysis to show the degree to which impression management on the part of all the actors operated in a systematic fashion to produce action, reaction, and counter-action. Particularly emphasized is the communication aspects.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104, and the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and by sabbatical funding from the State University of New York.
    Keywords: Legislation ; Fisheries ; Sociocultural analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 33
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Fish and fishermen appear to be in a serious decline in New England. The haddock are overfished, inshore herring stocks are depleted, yellowtail flounder and lobster are scarce. The popular image is of grizzled fishermen, their boats chipped, scarred, old-fashioned hulks of wood tied up two and three abreast along the rotting wharves and piers of New England's depressed port towns. In this research project, we wanted to determine the state of the New England fishing industry and to propose acceptable methods for the management of the fishery. During our early discussions with the fishing industry people, we mentioned that we were interested in limited effort programs as they might be applied to New England fishermen. We carefully, and probably tediously, explained the "theory of limited effort" and we were generally thought to be daft. We were told we had things backwards--that the fishing industry needed more fish, more men, more boats - and that the way to accomplish this was to get a 200-mile fishing limit and kick the foreigners out. One of these wishes has come true - in the spring of 1976, P.L. 94-265 established a 200-mile fishing zone off the United States, with regional management councils to make management plans and allocate the resources first to United States fishermen, with surpluses to foreign fishermen.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-5-158-8 and Grant #04-6-158-44106, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: Artificial biochemical circuits are likely to play as large a role in biological engineering as electrical circuits have played in the engineering of electromechanical devices. Toward that end, nucleic acids provide a designable substrate for the regulation of biochemical reactions. However, it has been difficult to incorporate signal amplification components. We introduce a design strategy that allows a specified input oligonucleotide to catalyze the release of a specified output oligonucleotide, which in turn can serve as a catalyst for other reactions. This reaction, which is driven forward by the configurational entropy of the released molecule, provides an amplifying circuit element that is simple, fast, modular, composable, and robust. We have constructed and characterized several circuits that amplify nucleic acid signals, including a feedforward cascade with quadratic kinetics and a positive feedback circuit with exponential growth kinetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, David Yu -- Turberfield, Andrew J -- Yurke, Bernard -- Winfree, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1121-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, MC 136-93, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA91125, USA. dzhang@dna.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalysis ; Chemical Engineering ; *Computers, Molecular ; DNA/*chemistry ; Entropy ; Equipment Design ; Feedback, Physiological ; Mice ; Nanotechnology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duarte, Carlos M -- Marba, Nuria -- Holmer, Marianne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):382-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. carlosduarte@imedea.uib.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Food ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Seawater ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):200-1; author reply 200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; *Tuna
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Like all species, humans have exercised their impulse to perpetuate and propagate themselves. In doing so, we have domesticated landscapes and ecosystems in ways that enhance our food supplies, reduce exposure to predators and natural dangers, and promote commerce. On average, the net benefits to humankind of domesticated nature have been positive. We have, of course, made mistakes, causing unforeseen changes in ecosystem attributes, while leaving few, if any, truly wild places on Earth. Going into the future, scientists can help humanity to domesticate nature more wisely by quantifying the tradeoffs among ecosystem services, such as how increasing the provision of one service may decrease ecosystem resilience and the provision of other services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, Peter -- Watts, Sean -- McDonald, Robert -- Boucher, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1866-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. pkareiva@tnc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Cities ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Baum, Julia K -- Shepherd, Travis D -- Powers, Sean P -- Peterson, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1846-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Elasmobranchii ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Ostreidae ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; Skates (Fish)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Captive breeding is used to supplement populations of many species that are declining in the wild. The suitability of and long-term species survival from such programs remain largely untested, however. We measured lifetime reproductive success of the first two generations of steelhead trout that were reared in captivity and bred in the wild after they were released. By reconstructing a three-generation pedigree with microsatellite markers, we show that genetic effects of domestication reduce subsequent reproductive capabilities by approximately 40% per captive-reared generation when fish are moved to natural environments. These results suggest that even a few generations of domestication may have negative effects on natural reproduction in the wild and that the repeated use of captive-reared parents to supplement wild populations should be carefully reconsidered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Araki, Hitoshi -- Cooper, Becky -- Blouin, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. arakih@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics/physiology ; Animals, Wild/genetics/physiology ; *Breeding ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/genetics/*physiology ; Oregon ; Population Dynamics ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
    Keywords: Biomass conversion ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Engineering ; Chemistry industry ; Industrial Chemistry ; Kent ; Riegel ; biochemical engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 1562 pages)
    ISBN: 9780387278438
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Seychelles is composed of over 100 islands with a land area of approximately 455 km², centred close to 4°30'S and 55°30'E. The combined coastline is approximately 600 km long, the oceanic shelf totals about 50 000 km² and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is over 1 370 000 km². The total population (1994 census) stands at just under 74 000. in 1994, the population registered a growth rate of 2.2%. The GDP (1994) was SR 2373.8 million, fisheries representing 4.8% of this sum. Licensing agreements for foreign fishing activities provided a yearly revenue of SR8 million. Port Victoria is seen as a prime centre for tuna fishing operations in the Indian Ocean. In the artisanal fishery just under 900 persons are working. The largest contributor to catch by vessel type are the traditional whaler vessels representing 47.8% of the total catch. Over 66.3% of the catch is by the handline method. Carangidae representing 24% and Lutjanidae 19% of total landings. There are six specific objectives to the fisheries sector policy, which aims as resource development and maximisation of potential benefits. Nearshore fishery resources are considered to be heavily exploited, however opportunities exist around the distant islands and in deeper waters off the Mahe plateau shelf. Aquaculture of molluscs and prawns is being developed and carried out. The main constraints to development are seen as the lack of skilled manpower and foreign exchange.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Country profile ; Fisheries ; Seychelles ; Statistics ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The trophic relations of two apex predators, yellowfin and bigeye tuna (Thunnus albacares and T. obesus), and their prey were investigated in the western tropical Indian Ocean. The contents of 173 non-empty stomachs were analysed from specimens caught with longlines and purse seine during scientific and fishing cruises. Diet data were processed by occurrence, by number, and by wet weight and a comparison of diets between surface and deep swimmers made. Crustaceans were the almost exclusive food source of surface-swimming bigeye tuna, with the stomatopod (Natosquilla investigatoris) being the sole prey item recorded in this category. The diet of deep-swimming yellowfin tuna was balanced between epipelagic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Bigeye tuna fed predominantly on cephalopods and mesopelagic fish (Scopelarchidae and Paralepididae), for which this predator appeared to be the most active chaser. The diet of the two predators reflects their ability to catch the prey, and their vertical distribution.
    Description: Published
    Description: Natosquilla investigatoris; Thunnus albacares; T. obesus; Feeding ecology; Vertical habitat
    Keywords: Tuna ; Fisheries ; Diets ; Tuna fisheries ; Analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Greater ecosystem complexity is recognized by studying a two species predator-prey model under two property rights regimes: free entry and a system such as individual quotas which execute an economically optimal solution. A bottom-up management experiment is discussed in the context of Lake Victoria fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Predators ; Resource management ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Predators ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 71093 bytes
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  • 44
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    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Description: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper models the effect of changes in wetlands yields within the freshwater fishery of (the Kenyan segment) of Lake Victoria. Specifically, it models the nutrient retention function of wetlands as a buffer against fertilizer run-off from agriculture, and the impact of nutrient loading on the fishery. Run-off from the watershed is among the major causes of eutrophication in the lake, along with atmospheric deposition and sewage and other organic discharges from domestic and industrial activities. The ecological component of the model captures the interactions between phosphorus loading, wetland area, water quality and fish stocks. Chlorophyll-a concentration is used as a proxy for phytoplankton density, and as a measure of nutrient enrichment. The impact of this on fish stocks is then estimated using using Ecopath. The economic component of the model then evaluates the effect of changes in stocks on performance in the fishery, given the regulatory regime in Kenya. We use the results to obtain an estimate of the value of the nutrient retention function of wetlands on the margins of the lake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Valuation of ecosystem services ; Ecological-economic interactions ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication ; Fishery resources ; Ecosystems ; Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 302138 bytes
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  • 46
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    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority | Victoria
    Publication Date: 2021-08-09
    Description: Published
    Description: Industrial tuna fishing
    Keywords: Tuna ; Fisheries ; Fishery economics ; Fishery industry ; Fishery statistics ; Tuna fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 1589602 bytes
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over the past decade, exports of fish and fishery products from developing countries have increased rapidly. However, one of the major challenges facing developing countries in seeking to maintain and expand their share of global markets is stricter food safety requirements in industrial countries. Kenyan exports of Nile perch to the European Union provide a notable example of efforts to comply with such requirements, overlaid with the necessity to overcome restrictions on trade relating to immediate food safety concerns. Although food safety requirements were evolving in their major markets, most notably the EU, most Kenyan exporters had made little attempt to upgrade their hygiene standards. Likewise, the legislative framework of food safety controls and facilities at landing sites remained largely unchanged. Both exporters and the Kenyan government were forced to take action when a series of restrictions were applied to exports by the EU over the period 1997 to 2000. Processors responded by upgrading their hygiene controls, although a number of facilities closed, reflecting significant costs of compliance within the context of excess capacity in the sector. Remaining facilities upgraded their hygiene controls and made efforts to diversify their export base away from the EU. Legislation and control mechanisms were also enhanced. Hygiene facilities at landing beaches were improved, but remain the major area of weakness. The Kenyan case illustrates the significant impact that stricter food safety requirements can have on export-oriented supply chains. It also demonstrates how such requirements can exacerbate existing pressures for restructuring and reform, while prevailing supply and capacity issues constrain the manner in which the supply chain is able to respond. In Kenya most of the concerted effort to comply with these requirements was stimulated by the sudden loss of market access in very much a “crisis management” mode of operation, illustrating the importance of responding to emerging food safety requirements in a proactive and effective manner. This paper - a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries associated with evolving international standards for food and other products.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Development economics ; Private sector ; Public Policy Fishing Industry ; Environmental economics & policies ; Fisheries ; Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems ; Agribusiness & Markets ; Coastal and marine resources ; Fishery management ; Fishery products ; Fishery resources ; Food availability ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery management ; Fishery products ; Food availability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Demian D F -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Babcock, Elizabeth A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):526-8; author reply 526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biomass ; Caribbean Region ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; *Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Telemetry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumby, Peter J -- Dahlgren, Craig P -- Harborne, Alastair R -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Holmes, Katherine E -- Mendes, Judith M -- Broad, Kenneth -- Sanchirico, James N -- Buch, Kevin -- Box, Steve -- Stoffle, Richard W -- Gill, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; Bahamas ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Perciformes/anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Dolphins ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Population Density ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):940-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. pearse@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gastropoda ; Genome ; Kelp ; Population Dynamics ; Strongylocentrotus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present paper is based on a collation of information, through both a literature review and an internet search, on North American programs that involve some kind of scientific collaboration between fishers and fisheries scientists. It identifies four basic models of such collaboration and offers examples of collaborative activities that seem to fit into each of them. The first model defers to the expertise of the scientist for all major decisions and creates a strong programmatic distinction between what is science, and shall be done by scientists, and what are other, related activities that can be carried out by others. Various kinds of tagging programs, fisher advisory boards, at-sea research collaboration and many other activities fit this model. The second model, traditional ecological knowledge, recognizes that fishers have available to them a unique, local knowledge of the resource that can make a supplementary contribution to fisheries science. Several government, community and environmental groups are engaged in finding, recording and using this knowledge....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Mariculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Dr Sebek introduced the ACOPS report which sums up the activities undertaken since the last Preparatory Committee meeting all of which are detailed in Annex V. In particular, Dr Sebek said that several strategic partnerships were being forged in order that certain components of the work programme, as agreed at the First Preparatory Committee Meeting in Nairobi in February, could start as soon as possible. A good example of such a policy, in the field of root cause analyses was the anticipated co-operation with UNESCO.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 56
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    UNEP; Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: At present, the impact of accidental catch on sea turtle populations is one of the most urgent problems that must be solved to ensure the survival of all these species worldwide. In the Mediterranean, too, all marine turtle species are affected by fishing activities, in particular the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, which are more common than the others and are the only ones breeding in this sea. Since the Mediterranean populations of both species seem to be genetically isolated from the Atlantic ones (Bowen et al., 1992; Bowen et al., 1993; Laurent et al., 1993), fishing-induced mortality probably cannot be counterbalanced by immigration. This implies that the survival of the Mediterranean populations of these species depends to a great extent on the conservation effort that the Mediterranean countries carry on in the near future to reduce accidental mortality.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Marine turtles ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The coastal waters of West Africa are among the world's richest fishing grounds ... for the time being. Droughts have ravaged the hinterland and as a result people have steadily moved towards the shores of Senegal and Mauritania. At the same time the international fishing industry seems intent on exploiting West African waters to a greater and greater extent. Nicolien Zuijdgeest and photographer Bas Beentjes visited the region and found that the sustainability of fisheries is being seriously threatened.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Le Gabon est situé en Afrique centrale avec une façade atlantique . Il est limité au Nord par le Cameroun, au Nord-ouest par la Guinée Equatoriale, à l’Est et au Sud par le Congo. La zone économique exclusive (ZEE) a une surface de 213.000 Km². elle est plus vaste que celle de Sao-Tomé et Principé, pays insulaire voisin (160.000 Km²). La façade maritime à une longueur de 750 Km , de Coccobeach à Ndindi. La largeur moyenne du plateau continental est de 60 Km, soit une surface à peu-près de 40.600 Km² de la côte à l’isobathe de 200 mètres. Ce plateau se termine par un talus peu abrupt, d’une longueur de 750 Km et d’une superficie de 11.200 Km² entre 200 et 800 mètres de profondeur....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Environments ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In 1997, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, with the financial support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, initiated a project to examine the relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the rules of international trade–those administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular. The project was motivated by a widely shared concern that the aims of the CBD, which are essentially to conserve and equitably distribute the benefits of the environment, might be undermined by the WTO, which aims at the liberalisation of trade. Liberalised trade has the potential to integrate economies, regionally and globally, in mutually beneficial ways. But some observers are concerned that it may do so at a cost of impairing the environment and amplifying disparities in wealth, much of which, in poorer nations, is disproportionately represented in endowments of natural resources. Other commentators have claimed to locate synergistic potential, suggesting, for example, that trade law’s anti-subsidy disciplines might be conscripted into the campaign against environmental abuses such as overfishing.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; International trade ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This synopsis describes the development of marine biological research, including fisheries, in Mozambique. With around 3000 km of coastline, the living resources of the sea playa major role in the Mozambican society, mainly as a source of protein and income for the population, and of foreign revenue through exports. In the first years, after independence, in 1975, research activities in marine sciences were limited and mainly concentrated to fisheries through cooperation with Norway and the Soviet Union. A new era for biology started in 1985 when the Faculty of Biology at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane was re-opened. A 5yr curriculum towards a licentiate degree was introduced with a strong marine profile. Since the 1990s, a very dynamic de-velopment in Mozambican marine biological research has occurred. Several academic degrees in marine biology from universities abroad were obtained, and local expertise developed; building vital institutions and enrolling in advanced research activities.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine biology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 61
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    FAO
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: Eritrea
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cette rencontre entre dans le cadre du programme conjoint de recherche sur les crustacés entre l’IMROP et l’IEO (Espagne)
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Captures ; Effort de pêche ; Length distribution ; Fishing effort ; CPUE ; Débarquement ; Landing ; Pêcheries ; Mauritanie ; Fisheries ; Accords de pêche ; UE ; Mauritania ; Crevettes ; Shrimps ; EU ; Distribution de taille ; Fishing fleet ; Fishing agreements ; Flottille de pêche ; Catches ; Crustacean fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 63
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    International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and IUCN-The World Conservation Union
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Fisheries, International Trade, and Sustainable Development programme aims to inject both the sustainable development and natural resource management perspectives into the debate on trade and fisheries. The ultimate objective of the programme is to make international trade in fisheries supportive of sustainable development. The programme's main activity will be to convene a series of policy dialogues on fisheries, international trade, and sustainable development which will link processes and actors, and bring together all the different stakeholders' perspectives. Initially the programme aims to facilitate a process in which each stakeholder can move beyond the constraints inherent in his or her position, to enable all participants to step back from particular debates and stand-offs regarding fisheries, trade, and sustainable development-related issues such as subsidies, ecolabelling, or conservation measures. The dialogues, research, and information exchange process will seek to build common understanding and a baseline of shared information, and pave the way for participating stakeholders to seek solutions compatible with the aims of sustainable development by exploring ways to improve resource management while safeguarding the livelihoods of those who depend on fisheries, and ensuring economic growth for developing countries.
    Description: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, IUCN — The World Conservation Union Publications Service Unit
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sustainable development ; Fisheries ; International trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Non-Refereed
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  • 64
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    Accra : Marine Fisheries Research Division
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ministry of Food and Agriculture
    Description: Directorate of Fisheries
    Description: Published
    Description: Exploitation, Upwelling, Pelagic species, Demersal species, Atlantic Ocean
    Keywords: Fishery policy ; Marine environment ; Fisheries ; Exploitation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine fisheries production from African coastal countries, combined with that of freshwater production of the continent is estimated to be 6 millions metric tons, corresponding only 5 % of the total world production. Africa's contribution to fisheries products (1,5 %) is insignificant compared to that of world commerce which is around 44 millions tons. This deplorable situation is due to a certain number of problems which include s among others, the relative biogenic poverty of African waters, the exploitation of African waters by foreign vessels, the total lack of catches effected by the African vessels out of their regional boundaries, the lack of knowledge on the mastering of commercialisation and on veritable commercial politics of fisheries products, including quality assurance. In addition to this, the almost inexistence of the aquaculture in the sub-Saharan countries. This paper analyses the African fisheries in the whole continent and presents the general characters, notably its evolution, fisheries resources, valorisation and consumption of fisheries products. The global analysis made here accords a priority to markets as well as to the framework of contribution of these products and tries, at the end of the 20th century, to present some trends. Facing the globalisation phenomena, how will African fisheries producers be challenged in the new millennium? This continental level analysis brings out field application and some different development perspectives for both small scale and industrial fisheries sub-sectors.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inman, Mason -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; North Sea ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: The open oceans comprise most of the biosphere, yet patterns and trends of species diversity there are enigmatic. Here, we derive worldwide patterns of tuna and billfish diversity over the past 50 years, revealing distinct subtropical "hotspots" that appeared to hold generally for other predators and zooplankton. Diversity was positively correlated with thermal fronts and dissolved oxygen and a nonlinear function of temperature (approximately 25 degrees C optimum). Diversity declined between 10 and 50% in all oceans, a trend that coincided with increased fishing pressure, superimposed on strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation-driven variability across the Pacific. We conclude that predator diversity shows a predictable yet eroding pattern signaling ecosystem-wide changes linked to climate and fishing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Sandow, Marcel -- Oschlies, Andreas -- Lotze, Heike K -- Myers, Ransom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1365-9. Epub 2005 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; *Perciformes ; Population Density ; *Predatory Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Tuna ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1110-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*history ; Fisheries ; *Gadus morhua/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Maine ; Public Policy ; Reproduction
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sayles, Jesse S -- Green, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1616-8; author reply 1616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *International Cooperation ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy ; Ships ; United States ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Removal of top predators from ecosystems can result in cascading effects through the trophic levels below, completely restructuring the food web. Cascades have been observed in small-scale or simple food webs, but not in large, complex, open-ocean ecosystems. Using data spanning many decades from a once cod-dominated northwest Atlantic ecosystem, we demonstrate a trophic cascade in a large marine ecosystem. Several cod stocks in other geographic areas have also collapsed without recovery, suggesting the existence of trophic cascades in these systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Kenneth T -- Petrie, Brian -- Choi, Jae S -- Leggett, William C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1621-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Ocean Sciences Division, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada. frankk@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Gadus morhua ; *Invertebrates ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seals, Earless ; *Seawater ; Time Factors ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avasthi, Amitabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):487-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Marine Biology ; *Seawater
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xian, Weiwei -- Kang, Bin -- Liu, Ruiyu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Rivers ; Scyphozoa/*growth & development ; Seasons ; Seawater
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):41-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecology/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Poverty ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Ctenophora/growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; International Cooperation ; Iran ; Oceans and Seas ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Eggs ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Internationality ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boersma, P Dee -- Vargas, Hernan -- Merlen, Godfrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries ; Humans ; *Population Growth ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: We show that the distributions of both exploited and nonexploited North Sea fishes have responded markedly to recent increases in sea temperature, with nearly two-thirds of species shifting in mean latitude or depth or both over 25 years. For species with northerly or southerly range margins in the North Sea, half have shown boundary shifts with warming, and all but one shifted northward. Species with shifting distributions have faster life cycles and smaller body sizes than nonshifting species. Further temperature rises are likely to have profound impacts on commercial fisheries through continued shifts in distribution and alterations in community interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, Allison L -- Low, Paula J -- Ellis, Jim R -- Reynolds, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1912-5. Epub 2005 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. a.perry@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; North Sea ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grigg, Richard W -- Dollar, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1740-2; author reply 1740-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; Fisheries ; Hawaii ; Population Dynamics ; Seals, Earless ; Turtles ; Water Pollution
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In this part properties and efficiency of the developed model1,2 are discussed. A variation of the parameters shows that vigorous effects are caused by the effective aggregation. All calculations show that at low conversion there are little temporal steps between the sequential aggregation steps. In the range of 5% to 20% conversion the velocity of aggregation decreases and the aggregative stability agrees with experiences given in the literature. It is shown that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results and therefore the presented model is a suitable possibility to describe the formation of some PVC-morphology properties.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften des früher1,2 entwickelten Modells untersucht und diskutiert. Die Variation der Modellparameter zeigt einen großen Einfluß der Aggregationsprozesse auf die Subkornmorphologie. Bei niedrigen Monomerumsätzen ist das Zeitintervall zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aggregationsschritten sehr klein, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum die Geschwindigkeit der Aggregation der Unterstrukturen entscheidend ist. Im Bereich zwischen 5% und 20% Monomerumsatz sinkt die Aggregationsgeschwindigkeit sehr stark, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum zunehmend die Polymerisationsreaktion an Bedeutung gewinnt. Aggregative Stabilität wird nach dem Modell für einen Teilchengrößenbereich erhalten, der sich in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten aus der Fachliteratur befindet. Die berechneten Teilchengrößen entsprechen ebenfalls den in der Literatur publizierten experimentellen Werten, so daß das Modell eine gute Grundlage für die Beschreibung einiger morphologisch bestimmter Polymereigenschaften bildet.
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  • 81
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden unidirektionale Verbundwerkstoffe aus Novolakharz mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern gemäß der Prepreg-Methode verarbeitet. Das Novolakharz wurde durch Polymerisation von Phenol mit Formaldehyd (Mol-Verhältnis 1 : 0,82) und Oxalsäure als Katalysator (1,5 Gew.-% von Phenol) hergestellt. Die Härtung des Novolakharzes wurde mit Hexamethylentetramin (Hexa) durchgeführt, während das geeignete Verhältnis durch die IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt wurde.Es wurden Proben aus Novolak/Hexa (Gew.-Verhältnis 14: 1), verstärkt mit kommerziellen Kohlenstoff-Fasern, unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (z. B. verschiedene thermische Programme und verschiedene Verhältnisse von Novolakharz : Kohlenstoff-Fasern) hergestellt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Proben (wie Biegefestigkeit, Zugfestigkeit, usw.) wurden bestimmt, und ihre Struktur wurde mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht.Mit zunehmendem Volumenverhältnis der Kohlenstoff-Fasern werden nicht nur alle mechanischen Eigenschaften des verstärkten Materials verbessert, sondern auch sein Nutzungsgrad nimmt zu, und die Herstellungsbedingungen üben einen größeren Einfluß aus. Die mit dem gleichen Verhältnis von Kohlenstoff-Fasern (z. B. 15 Vol.-%) hergestellten Proben weisen mit zunehmendem Härtungsgrad des Novolaks verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften auf. Der Häirtungsgrad des Novolaks während der Anfangsphase (Gel-Zeit) als auch während der Endphase (Nachhärtung) kann mit Hilfe der IR-Spektren des härtenden Novolaks verfolgt werden, während der Härtungsgrad der Zwischenphase nur indirekt aus den Werten der mechanischen Eigenschaften der entsprechenden Proben bestimmt werden kann.Aus der Korrelation zwischen den Herstellungsparametern und den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Proben ergeben sich optimale Bedingungen für die Verarbeitung in der Wärmepresse zur Herstellung von mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern verstärkten Novolakharzen (1. Phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, ohne Druck; 2. Phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN /cm2).
    Notes: Unidirectional composite materials of novolac resin with carbon fibers were fabricated according to the prepreg method. Novolac resin was prepared by polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde (mole ratio 1 : 0.82) in the presence of oxalic acid as catalyst (1.5 wt.-% to phenol). The curing of novolac resin was performed with hexamethylenetetramine (hexa), while the appropriate proportion was determined by using the IR-spectroscopy.Specimens of novolac/hexa (weight ratio 14:1) reinforced with carbon fibers commercially available were fabricated under different conditions (e.g. different thermal programs and different proportions of novolac/carbon fibers). The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimens (like flexural strength, tensile strength, etc.) were determined and their structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy.By increasing the volume proportion of carbon fibers, not only all mechanical properties of the composite material were increased, but also their degree of utilization was increased and also the production conditions had greater influence. Concerning the specimens produced by the same proportion of carbon fibers (e.g. 15 vol.-%) their mechanical properties were improved by increasing the curing of novolac. The degree of curing of novolac during the initial phase (gel time) and during the ultimate phase (post-curing) can be followed with the aid of IR-spectra of the cured resin, while the degree of curing for the intermediate phase can be obtained only indirectly from the values of the mechanical properties of the corresponding specimens.From the correlation between the production parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples the optimal conditions for processing of the thermopress for the manufacture of carbon fiber reinforced novolac were concluded (1. phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, without pressure; 2. phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN/cm2).
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  • 82
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit interessieren wir uns für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur auf den elektrischen Widerstand eines Butyl-Kautschuks (IIR), der mit zwei Typen von Ruß (Hoch-Abrasion-Schmelzofen-Ruß (HAF) und Schnell-Extrusion-Hochofen-Ruß (FEF)) versetzt ist. Ergebnis war, daß die Leitfähigkeit bei niedrigem Rußgehalt hauptsächlich durch thermische Aktivierung der Ladungsträger erreicht wird. Bei mittleren Konzentrationen überwiegt der Tunnel-Mechanismus bei niedriger Temperatur, gefolgt von der thermischen Aktivierung bei relativ hoher Temperatur. Dies gilt für beide Rußarten. Das metallartige Verhalten bei Gemischen mit hoher Rußkonzentration kann sowohl der thermischen Ausdehnung der Tunnelwege zwischen Kohlenstoff-Agglomeraten als auch dem Zusammenbruch der Kohlenstoff-Agglomerate bei steigender Temperatur zugeschrieben werden.
    Notes: In this study we are interested in the effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical resistivity of butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with two types of carbon black, (namely, high abrasion furnace black (HAF), and fast extrusion furnace black (FEF)). It was found that the conductivity at low carbon black concentrations is mainly achieved by thermal activation of carriers. Tunneling mechanism at low termperature followed by thermal activation at relatively high temperature is found to be predominant for moderate concentrations for both carbon blacks. The metal-like behaviour which was observed in highly loaded compounds was attributed to both, the thermal expansion of the tunneling paths between carbon-carbon agglomerates and the breakdown of carbon agglomerates with temperature.
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  • 83
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese von Halogenderivaten des Phenylglycidylethers und die Möglichkeiten der Verwendung von diesen Komponenten als Flammverzögerer und reaktive Verdünnungsmittel für Epoxidharze.Mit Hilfe der Nelder-Mead-Simplexmethode wurden die besten Reaktionsbedingungen gefunden. Die so hergestellten Produkte zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Qualität aus und wurden mit einem niedermolekularen Epoxidharz gemischt und mit Diaminodiphenylmethan gehärtet.Die Viskosität von Harzgemischen und die Brennbarkeit der gehärteten Systeme wurden untersucht. Mit dem erhöhten Gehalt an Halogen (Chlor oder Brom) steigt die Viskosität, und die Brennbarkeit der Epoxide wird reduziert.
    Notes: This study deals with the synthesis of halogenated derivatives of phenyl glycidyl ether and with possibilities of their use as flame retardants and reactive diluents of epoxy resin.The best reaction conditions optimized by Nelder-Mead simplex method were found. The products of very high quality were prepared. They were mixed with a lowmolecular epoxy resin and cured by diamino diphenyl methane.The viscosity of the resin mixtures and limiting oxygen index of cured systems were determined. It was found that a higher content of halogen, both chlorine and bromine, causes increasing viscosity and reduced flammability of the epoxides.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Messungen von Tg, Tm und Tc (Trübungspunkt) wurden Phasendiagramme der vier verträglichen Polymermischungen von chlorierten isotaktischen Polypropylenen (Chlorgehalt 39,2 (CPP-40) und 49,8 Gew.-% (CPP-50)) mit Poly(ethylen-co-vinylacetat)en (Vinylacetatgehalt 40 (EVA-40) und 45 Gew.-% (EVA-45)) untersucht. Von den vier Mischungspaaren war die Mischung von CPP-50 mit EVA-40 am besten verträglich.
    Notes: By measuring Tg, Tm and Tc (cloud point) phase diagrams for the four miscible blends of chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (chlorine content 39.2 (CPP-40) and 49.8 wt.-% (CP-50)) with Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (vinyl acetate contents 40 (EVA-40) and 45 wt.-% (EVA-45)) were investigated. The blend of CPP-50 with EVA-40 was the most compatible of the four blend pairs.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Synthese und Charakterisierung von Kationenaustauschmembranen aus PE-PS-DVB-Interpolymeren für die Elektrolyse von Borax-Lösung zur Erzeugung von Borsäure und Natronlauge wurden durchgeführt und mit den Eigenschaften von im Handel erhältlichen Membranen („Nafion 324“ und „Permaplex C-20“) verglichen.
    Notes: The synthesis and the characterization of the PE-PS-DVB interpolymer cationexchange membranes in the electrolysis of borax solutions to produce boric acid and sodium hydroxide simultaneously was carried out. The characterization of the teflon based “Nafion 324” and polystyrene-DVB based “Permaplex C-20” membranes was also performed in the same system for comparison.The DVB contents were varied between 3 - 12% (by wt. in total monomers) and the increase of the cross-links resulted in the decrease of the water contents and ionexchange capacities of the membranes. The PE present in the membrane acted as a barrier for electroosmotic water transport. The membranes with high DVB contents showed better electrolysis performance due to their low water contents and low electroosmotic water transport properties. The use of the interpolymer membrane containing 11.6% DVB resulted in high current efficiency and high sodium cation dynamic transport number and worked satisfactorily at the process conditions of borax electrolysis.
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  • 86
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus Rizinusöl und difunktionellen Säuren, wie Oxal-, Malon-, Bernstein-, Glutar-, Adipin-, Suberin- und Sebacinsäure, wurden Prepolyester hergestellt. Diese Prepolyester (PPE) wurden anschließend mit Methylmethacrylat und 1% Ethylenglykoldimethacrylat als Vernetzer interpenetriert. Die Polymerisation wurde radikalisch mit Benzoylperoxid gestartet. Die neuen PPE/Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-interpenetrierenden Netzwerke wurden als Pulver erhalten. Sie wurden durch ihr Löseverhalten, IR-Spektroskopie und ihr thermisches Verhalten charakterisiert.
    Notes: Prepolyesters were obtained from castor oil and dibasic acids, viz oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic and sebacic acid. These prepolyesters (PPE) were subsequently interpenetrated with methyl methacrylate containing 1% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker by radical polymerization initiated with benzoyl peroxide. The novel PPE poly(methyl methacrylate) PPE/PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were obtained as powder. They were characterized by solubility behaviour, IR spectral study and thermal behaviour.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2,4-Ionen, ein polymeres quartäres Ammoniumsalz, wurde auf einem makroporösen chlormethylierten Poly(Styrol-co-Divinylbenzol)-Harz (XAD-2) immobilisiert. Der Ionen-Gehalt des Harzes, der durch CHN-Elementaranalyse bestimmt wurde, betrug 50,2 g/kg Harz. Der wichtigste Nebeneffekt des modifizierten Harzes, das Ausbluten des Katalysators 2,4-Ionen, kann durch eine spektrophotometrische Methode, die extrem geringe Konzentraionen an freiem Ionen an der Oberfläche des Harzes messen kann, ermittelt werden.Die Aktivität der immobilisierten 2,4-Ionen/Kobalt(II)-phthalocyanin-tetranatriumsulfonat-Komplexe in bezug auf die oxidative Kupplung von Thiolen ist viel niedriger als im homogenen Fall, aber noch beträchtlich höher als im polymerfreien System. Die beobachtete Abnahme der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit resultiert nicht aus Behinderungen des Massentransports, sondern vorzugsweise aus den Katalysatoreigenschaften wie z. B. einem sehr niedrigen N+/Co-VerhtUtnis. Die aktiven Zentren scheinen nur in der äußeren Hiille der Harzpartikel vorhanden zu sein.
    Notes: A poly(quaternary ammonium) salt, 2,4-ionene, has been immobilized on a macroporous chloromethylated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin (XAD-2). The ionene content of the resin, determined by CHN elemental analysis, was 50.2 g/kg resin. The most important side effect of the modified resin, catalyst (2,4-ionene) bleeding, can be detected by a spectrophotometric method capable of determining extremely low concentrations of free ionene in the supernatant of the resin.The activity of these immobilized 2,4-ionene/cobalt(II)phthalocyanine-tetrasodiumsulfonate (CoTSPc) complexes towards the oxidative coupling of thiols is much lower than in the homogeneous case, but still considerably higher than for the polymer free system. The observed decrease in reaction rate does not originate from the considerable mass transfer resistances but predominantly from catalyst properties like a very low local N+/Co ratio. The active sites appear to be present in the outer shell of the resin particles only.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Röntgendiffraktometrische Untersuchungen und DSC-Messungen an Blend-Filmen, die aus Lösungen von PEEK und PES hergestellt wurden, zeigen eine Phasenseparation bei den Filmen, die bei 340°C hergestellt wurden. Das Kristallisationsverhalten von Filmen, die bei 340°C hergestellt, anschließend abgeschreckt und bei 180°C getempert wurden, ist identisch mit dem von PEEK. Filme, die bei 300°C hergestellt wurden, kristallisierten erst durch Tempern bei 250°C. Blockcopolymere, die aus Oligomeren von PEEK und PES erhalten wurden, unterscheiden sich in dieser Hinsicht von Blends der gleichen Zusammensetzung. Die Glastemperatur von Copolymeren mit einem PEEK-Gehalt von mehr als 50% liegt höher als die von PEEK selbst, während der Schmelzpunkt dieser Copolymeren niedriger als der von PEEK ist.
    Notes: Polymer blends of PEEK with PES were prepared by the solution blending method. Copolymers composed of PEEK and PES components were synthesized from these oligomers. The formation conditions exerted an influence over the molecular aggregation and the crystallization behaviors of the blend films and block copolymers which were examined by X-ray diffractometry and DSC analysis. As a result, phase-separation in the blend films was found when the formation temperature was high. The blend films formed at 340°C, quenched and annealed at 180°C, exhibited the same crystallization behavior as those of PEEK. In the case of the blend films formed at 300°C, the annealing of the films at 250°C was required to crystallize the blend films. The Tg of a copolymer with a PEEK component content of more than 50% tends to shift toward a higher temperature than the Tg of PEEK itself, and the Tm of the copolymer toward a lower temperature than that of PEEK ist.
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  • 89
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Reaktionsprodukt eines Cyclohexanon-Formaldehyd-Harzes mit dem Säurechlorid des Radikalinitiators 4,4′-Azo-bis(4-cyanopentansäure) wurde als Initiator für die Styrolpolymerisation eingesetzt, um ein Cyclohexanon-Formaldehyd-Harz/Polystyrol-Copolymeres zu bilden. Das Copolymere zeigte ähnliche Löslichkeit wie Polystyrol.
    Notes: The reaction product of cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin with an acid chloride of a radical initiator, 4,4′-azo-bis(4-cyano pentanoic acid) was used as initiator for styrene polymerization to form a cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin/polystyrene copolymer. The copolymer showed similar solubility as polystyrene.
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  • 90
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 145-155 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Entgegengesetzte Ladungen wurden durch tertiäre Amin- und Carboxylgruppen in Polyurethan (PU) und Polystyrol (PS) eingeführt, um durch gemeinsame Massepolymerisation ein interpenetrierendes PU/PS Polymernetzwerk (IPN) zu erhalten. Vier IPNs wurden hergestellt: ein Voll-IPN, zwei Semi-IPNs und ein lineares Blend. Die Wirkung der geladenen Gruppen auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Morphologie der vier Polymermischungen wurde untersucht.Es wurde gefunden, daß PU/PS IPNs mit geladenen Gruppen keine Phasenseparation und somit homogene Verteilung aufweisen, was durch elektronenmikroskopische (SEM) Aufnahmen nachgewiesen wurde. Dynamisch-mechanische Messungen zeigen, daß die Übergangspeaks des Verlust-Moduls E″ in die Mitte zwischen den beiden Übergangspeaks der beiden Komponenten ohne geladene Gruppen liegen. Dies ist von der Zunahme des Gehaltes an geladenen Gruppen abhängig. Gleichzeitig nimmt der Speichermodul E′ in einer Stufe ab, was im Gegensatz zu der zweistufigen Abnahme bei Proben ohne Ladungsträger steht.Die Zugfestigkeit nimmt in allen vier Polymermischungen mit der Zunahme an Acrylsäure (AA) in Poly(Styrol-Acrylsäue) PSAA zu, was in dem PU/PSAA Voll-IPN besonders deutlich wird.
    Notes: Opposite charges, namely tertiary amine and carboxyl groups, were introduced into polyurethane (PU) and polystyrene (PS), respectively, to prepare PU/PS interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) by means of simultaneous bulk polymerization. Four IPNs were synthesized: a full-IPN, two semi-IPNs and a linear blend. The effect of charge groups on the mechanical properties and morphology of the four polymer alloys was investigated.It is found that the PU/PS IPN which was incorporated with charge groups is free of any phase-separation, and sufficiently uniformly distributed, as can be seen from the corresponding scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates that the transition peak of the loss modulus E″ will move towards the centre between the two transition peaks of both components in the absence of charge groups, as a function of an increase in the contents of the opposite charge groups. Meanwhile the storage modulus E′ will decrease in a single-stage way from the previous two-stage mode.The tensile strength in all the four polymer alloys increased markedly along with an increase in the contents of acrylic acid (AA) in the poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (PSAA), which clearly can be seen for the PU/PSAA full-IPN.
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  • 91
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 157-168 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrolysis behaviour and coke characteristics of different precursors for carbon processing: thermosetting resins (resol, novolak), hydrolytic lignin, pitch, tar as well as their blends were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The blends novolak-pitch, resol-tar and resol-hydrolytic lignin show a higher coke yield after carbonisation up to 1000°C compared to the corresponding individual substances. A good correlation between the integral procedural decomposition temperature T*A of the investigated precursors and their coke yield is found.
    Notes: Mittels Thermo- und Röntgenstrukturanalyse wird eine vergleichende Untersuchung des Pyrolysevorganges und der Mikrostruktur des aus zwei Gruppen organischer Bindemittel und deren Mischungen gewonnenen Koksrückstandes durchgeführt. Gruppe I umfaßt reine und mit Hydrolyselignin gefüllte Resol- und Novolak-Phenol-Formaldehydharze und Gruppe II Steinkohlenpech und -teer. Es wird festgestellt, daß sich die Mischungen Novolakharz-Pech, Resolharz-Teer und Resolharz-Hydrolyselignin beim Erhitzen nicht wie mechanische Gemische verhalten und eine erhöhte Ausbeute an Koksrückstand liefern. Weiterhin wird gefunden, daß die integrale Endtemperatur der Pyrolyse (T*A) dieser Substanzen als quantitatives Maß für die Ausbeute an Koksrückstand im Anschluß an die Carbonisierung der Proben dienen kann.
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  • 92
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    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The paper describes the successful synthesis of silicon containing bismaleimide resin 4,4′-carbo(4,4′-bismaleimido phenoxy)diphenyl silane. The char yield of the bismaleimide resin in N2 atmosphere was found to be 55% at 800°C. Chain extension of bismaleimide with 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone reduced the char yield and thermal stability.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As hard blocks in polyether block amides, polyamides are used whose length is intensively regulated by dicarboxylic acids. Since, with regard to melting and crystallization behaviour, this acid constitutes an interfering structural unit in the chain, and in the case of a completely converted product each chain contains one acid molecule, it is essential to know where in the chain incorporation will occur. As opposed to monofunctional chain regulators which always form a chain end, a bifunctional chain regulator can a priori also be randomly incorporated into the inner part of the chain. This leads to a far greater interference than occurs if the chain regulator molecule and the chain end, which acts as an interfering unit in any case, coincide with each other.By means of adipic acid-regulated oligoamides based on lauryl lactam, the incorporation of the chain regulator was examined by NMR spectroscopy and compared with model calculations. This resulted in a close match only if it was presupposed that the incorporation was carried out randomly with the same degree of probability at any point whatsoever between two lauryl lactam structural units or at the chain end.Further calculations illustrate the effects of the incorporation of the chain regulator on the size of the amorphous portion.
    Notes: Als Hartblöcke in Polyetherblockamiden werden durch Dicarbonsäuren stark geregelte Polyamide eingesetzt. Da die Säure in Hinblick auf das Schmelz- und Kristallisationsverhalten einen Störbaustein in der Kette darstellt und bei einem ausgeregelten Produkt jede Kette ein Säuremolekül enthält, ist es von Bedeutung zu wissen, wo in der Kette der Einbau erfolgt. Anders als bei monofunktionellen Reglern, wo der Regler stets ein Kettenende bildet, kann ein bifunktioneller Regler a priori auch statistisch im Inneren der Kette eingebaut werden. Dies führt zu einer viel stärkeren Störung, als wenn das Reglermolekül und das sowieso als Störstelle wirkende Kettenende zusammenfallen. Anhand adipinsäuregeregelter Oligoamide auf Basis von Laurinlactam wird kernresonanzspektroskopisch der Einbau des Reglers untersucht und mit Rechnungen verglichen. Es ergibt sich nur dann gute Übereinstimmung, wenn vorausgesetzt wird, daß der Einbau statistisch erfolgt und dabei mit gleicher Wahrscheinlichkeit für jede beliebige Stelle zwischen zwei Laurinlactambausteinen oder am Kettenende abläuft. Weitere Rechnungen verdeutlichen den Einfluß des Reglereinbaus auf die Größe des amorphen Anteils.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Auf Grund von mikroskopischen Beobachtungen wurde festgestellt, daß unter dem Einfluß von UV-Strahlung die Oberfläche von PVC-Filmen einer Formveränderung unterliegt. Auf der Oberfläche erscheinen Bläschen und Löcher. Die sich absondernden Gasprodukte der Polymerfotodestruktion verursachen die Bildung dieser Bläschen und Löcher. Größere Oberflächenänderungen wurden in Filmen mit einem Zusatz von 1-5% eines MMA/MA-Copolymeren beobachtet. Das weist auf eine in diesem Modifikator stattfindende Photoabbaureaktion hin, deren Ergiebigkeit größer ist als in reinem PVC. Dieser Modifikator wird in PVC eingeführt, um die Filmoberfläche zu verbessern, beschleunigt allerdings ihre Zerstörung unter dem Einfluß von UV-Strahlung. Es wurde festgestellt, daß Cyclohexanonspuren in den Proben den Photoabbau von MMA/MA retardieren, diesen Prozeß in PVC aber beschleunigen.
    Notes: By means of microscopic observation, the deformation of the surface of PVC films caused by 253.7 nm UV radiation was investigated. Numerous blisters and holes were formed by the gaseous photodecomposition products of the polymer.More apparent deformation of the films containing MMA/MA suggests that the photodecomposition of this modifier occurs with higher efficiency than that of PVC.MMA/MA copolymer is introduced into PVC films to improve the smoothness of their surface, but this modifier accelerates the deformation of this surface under UV irradiation. It was also found that traces of cyclohexanone in samples retard the photodecomposition of MMA/MA and accelerate this process in PVC.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 29-41 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Anzahl von Harzen wurde durch gemeinsame Kondensation von p-Aminoacetophenon (p-AAph), substituierten Benzoesäuren wie m-Tolylsäure (m-TA), o-Tolylsäure (o-TA), Phthalsäure (PhA), p-Nitrobenzoesäure (p-NBA), p-Chlorbenzoesäure (p-CIBA) und Formaldehyd (F) in Gegenwart von verschiedenen Säuren und Basen als Katalysatoren hergestellt. Die Harze wurden IR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Löslichkeitsparameter wurden gemäß Small's Gruppenbeteiligung berechnet; sie stimmen gut mit den experimentellen Werten überein. Das thermische Verhalten und die bakteriologischen Eigenschaften der Harze wurden auch untersucht.
    Notes: A number of resins has been prepared by condensing p-amino-acetophenone (p-AAph) with substituted benzoic acid such as m-toluic acid (m-TA), o-toluic acid (o-TA), phthalic acid (PhA), p-nitrobenzoic acid (p-NBA), p-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CIBA) and formaldehyde (F) in presence of some acids and bases as catalysts. The resins were characterized by infrared spectra of the characteristic groups. The solubility parameters were calculated from Small's group contribution which agreed well with the experimental values. The thermal behaviour and the bacteriological properties of the resins have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Notwithstanding their more common beginnings, liquid crystals and molecular biology developed mainly parallel and independently during the last one hundred years.Molecule-phase relationships on the one and complex static-dynamic treatments on the other hand seem to forward mutually integrative views in our days.Biomesogen approaches will deepen our insights into the spatio-temporal coherences of biological systems. They might contribute significantly to the understanding of life processes.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent studies on ionic distribution in solutions and in suspensions were reviewed. Suspensions of latex particles, which were large enough to be seen under an ultramicroscope, were investigated by the 2-D Fourier transformation. The micrograph showing ordered structures gave discrete scattering spots, whereas those of disordered arrangements displayed no spots or halos. The two-state structure gave a limited number of halo, confirming our previous conclusion that the very frequently observed single, broad scattering peak was reminiscent of some kind of ordering of solute species. By using an image data analyser, the crystallization process was shown to follow the Ostwald ripening mechanism. The concurrent study by the quasi elastic light scattering method and by the Fourier analysis gave consistent scattering profiles, which indicated that the ordering phenomena took place in the entire volume of suspensions. The scattering intensity (correctly the lattice factor) was calculated for cubic systems with paracrystalline distortion. The peak intensity was lowered by enhanced distortion, while the peak position itself was not affected. This justifies our previous treatment of the single, broad peak in terms of the Bragg equation. The experimentally found scattering curve was compared with this theoretical calculation; the degree of distortion was evaluated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of cellulose derivatives were explored as an analytical tool. Molar mass dependent measurements of the helicoidal cholesteric pitch of a cellulose tricarbanilate/solvent system may be used to determine the molar mass of this derivative by optical means. The compatibility of a ternary liquid crystalline system can be adequately investigated by a study of the supermolecular structure with spectroscopic measurements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The application of carotenoids as natural additives in various water-based or water-compatible formulations for the pigmentation of foods and feeds is seriously hampered by their insolubility in aqueous systems.Therefore, in order to develop the full potential of colour strength and to achieve a high degree of bioavailability during gastro intestinal passage, the coarse crystalline material has to be transformed into a microdisperse state.Exemplified with β-carotene, a novel non-mechanical process is described that transforms the carotenoids into a colloidal hydrosol characterized by an average particle size of about 0.1 μm.The process is based on the preparation of a transient high temperature solute state of the carotenoid in a water-miscible solvent, coupled with succeeding rapid aqueous precipitation in the presence of a stabilizing polymer colloid. The obtained hydrosols are characterized by photon-correlation-spectroscopy(size), and microelectrophoresis(colloidal stabilization).The bioavailability was tested by monitoring plasma levels of β-carotene in veal calves.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymer science is mature enough to allow one to think about tailor-making macromolecular compounds aimed at interacting purposely with living systems. Reasons for developing bioresorbable polymers for temporary therapeutic applications are discussed with respect to property adjustments and economical factors. The field of the applications is first described and guidelines for tailor-making multimeric macromolecules with desired properties are presented. The approach led to focuss investigations on poly(α-hydroxy acids) and functional poly(β-hydroxy acids) derived from natural hydroxy acids, namely lactic, glycolic and malic acids. Physical, mechanical and biological properties of some corresponding polymers and copolymers are presented. Last but not least, examples of applications currently investigated are recalled.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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