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  • 1
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    Ecology. North Atlantic right whales in crisis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STUDY OF SHORT CRACK GROWTH IN TORSIONAL LOW CYCLE FATIGUE FOR A MEDIUM CARBON STEEL (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study of short crack growth for a medium carbon steel in low cycle torsional fatigue has been carried out in order to measure crack length and derive growth laws. Comparison with a previous analysis of uniaxial tests in low cycle fatigue for the same material provides a tentative basis for formulating an equivalent stress approach to describe uniquely the propagation of short cracks under multiaxial stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1986.tb01208.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR CRACKS IN NOTCHED FINITE PLATES SUBJECTED TO BIAXIAL LOADING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stress intensity factors were calculated, based on Bueckner's principle for cracks in both infinite and finite plates with notches subjected to biaxial loading. Approximate Green's functions have been obtained by modifying two existing Green's functions, originally for unnotched plates. Values of stress intensity factors calculated using Bueckner's principle with the approximate Green's functions are in good agreement with published stress intensity factors for cracks in both infinite and finite plates containing a circular notch or an elliptical notch, previously found by the method of boundary collocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00433.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MIXED-MODE FATIGUE THRESHOLDS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Near threshold fatigue crack growth under mixed-mode loading and elastic plane-strain conditions has been studied in 316 stainless steel in laboratory air at room temperature. Particular emphasis was placed on the influence of the mode II component. Crack growth from the starter crack, although initially coplanar, branches to be perpendicular to the maximum normal stress. However the threshold for the branched crack growth is controlled not only by mode I displacement, but also by the mode II component. Upper and lower bound curves are obtained for the threshold condition and discussed in terms of crack tip reversed plastic deformation, crack surface rubbing and oxide-induced closure. A theoretical method for predicting the lower bound curve is proposed and compared with the maximum normal stress and strain energy density criteria. The new theory shows the best agreement with experimental results, giving a safe prediction for design purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1982.tb01220.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SHORT CRACK COALESCENCE AND GROWTH IN 316 STAINLESS STEEL SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC AND TIME DEPENDENT DEFORMATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A study has been undertaken into short crack growth behaviour of AISI type 316 stainless steel under creep-fatigue conditions at 550°C within the high strain range of 0.9 to 2.5% and including a 60 min hold-time. During the high-temperature, reverse-bending tests, surface crack initiation and growth on both the tensile-hold and the compressive-hold sides of circular-section specimens were monitored by means of a plastic replication technique. Detailed analysis revealed that under creep-fatigue conditions, the initiation and growth behaviour of many individual cracks and their subsequent coalescence to form a major Stage II (tensile) crack was the dominant feature in the failure process. A life prediction model is proposed which incorporates the process of short crack coalescence. Satisfactory predictions of creep-fatigue lifetimes are derived from the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00866.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIC STRAIN HARDENING OF 316 STAINLESS STEEL AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The cyclic strain hardening occurring during fatigue testing at 550°C was studied in terms of the dislocation structures developed. The dislocations are collected in dense tangles which form the boundaries of a cell structure. The stress required to push through, or eject, a dislocation from the cell boundary predicts the flow stress. These values showed good correlation with the cyclic shear stresses obtained by applying the Tresca criterion, which underlies its usefulness in design under cyclic loads. Carbide particles are shown to precipitate on grain and cell boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1981.tb01134.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A D.C. POTENTIAL DROP METHOD TO MONITOR CRACK GROWTH IN NOTCHES SUBJECTED TO TORSION (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A d.c. potential drop formula has been established for monitoring crack growth in circular notched members subjected to torsion. Changes in crack depth of 20 μm can be detected in cracks growing up to 2 mm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1981.tb01126.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPUTER AIDED MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE TESTING (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper describes a microcomputer system that controls a multiaxial fatigue test facility. The system involves interface hardware, command control units, data acquisition units, and associated software for data processing, setting-up of test procedures and system monitoring. Without such a microcomputer system it would be impossible to acquire and analyse the vast amount of data generated by multiaxial fatigue tests, but perhaps more important, it would be impossible to control and monitor the important parameters that govern fatigue fracture behaviour of metals. This is particularly true for complex tests in which waveform shapes and out-of-phase angles can be changed during the course of a test. Finally, such a facility permits for the first time a detailed investigation of the effects of anisotropy on the deformation and fracture behaviour of metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00609.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PATH-INDEPENDENT PARAMETER FOR FATIGUE UNDER PROPORTIONAL AND NON-PROPORTIONAL LOADING (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A path-independent multiaxial fatigue damage criterion is proposed based on critical plane concepts: fatigue crack growth is controlled by the maximum shear strain, and an important secondary effect is due to the normal strain excursion over one reversal of the maximum shear strain. The effect of loading path on fatigue endurance is quantified by the normal strain excursion. Only one multiaxial material constant is required in the model which can be determined from uniaxial test data plus one torsional result. The parameter can be easily integrated with a shear strain-life relationship to predict low cycle fatigue lifetime. Experimental data of four different materials: En15R steel, 1% Cr-Mo-V steel, 304 stainless steel, and 316 stainless steel at two temperatures were used to verify the criterion. It is shown that the proposed parameter can satisfactorily correlate test results for various proportional and non-proportional straining paths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00739.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A BIAXIAL CYCLIC PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The cylindrical specimen is a common configuration adopted for biaxial fatigue testing. A rigorous yet practical analysis is presented here under the framework of incremental plasticity. The cyclic stress-strain curve is obtained from four different plasticity models, and correlated with twenty-six in-phase biaxial tests on En15R steel. Stabilized hysteresis loops can also be derived based on the cyclic stress-strain curve under a J2-kinematic hardening formulation with special consideration of the rounding transition at the instant of yielding. A correlation for the hysteretic strain hardening exponent N is required for materials that exhibit non-Masing behaviour; i.e. do not allow a full description of hysteresis loops from knowledge of the cyclic stress-strain curve. The solution is further generalized to out-of-phase loading, where the rotation of the active stress state around the yield surface is illustrated. This compares favourably with ten out-of-phase tests on En15R steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00827.x
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