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  • 1
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    Marine strategists: a functional biology of echinoderms (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 8;239(4836):200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17732982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecological role of purple sea urchins (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):940-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. pearse@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gastropoda ; Genome ; Kelp ; Population Dynamics ; Strongylocentrotus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Vision of cubomedusan jellyfishes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, J S -- Pearse, V B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cnidaria/*physiology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Scyphozoa/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Bacterivory: a novel feeding mode for asteroid larvae (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: Planktotrophic larvae that occur beneath the annual sea ice in the Antarctic assimilate organic solutes and preferentially ingest bacteria, whereas they actively exclude phytoplankton. In regions where phytoplankton biomass is temporally limited by light or nutrient concentrations, the growth and development of planktotrophic larvae may not be directly coupled to phytoplankton production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivkin, R B -- Bosch, I -- Pearse, J S -- Lessard, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1311-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow developing demersal embryos and larvae of the antarctic sea star Odontaster validus (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The early development of Odontaster validus at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is indirect and includes equal cleavage, a convoluted blastula, a free-swimming coeloblastula, a gastrula, and a feeding bipinnaria larva. Development differs from that of other asteroids in two respects: (1) The developmental rate is extremely slow; blastulae form nearly 2 days after fertilization, gastrulation begins after 7 days, and the bipinnaria develops in about 40 to 55 days. The slow developmental rate appears to be only partly related to the low environmental temperature (-1.5°C). (2) The embryos and larvae are largely demersal. Such behavior may be an adaptation to keep the larvae out of antarctic surface waters, as does brooding in many other polar echinoderms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353429
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic regulation of parturition in the self-fertilizing viviparous polychaete Neanthes limnicola from central California (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonally-changing photoperiod controls the timing of parturition in the viviparous, self-fertilizing polychaete Neanthes limnicola (Johnson, 1901) from Watsonville Slough, a central California estuary. During 1987 to 1989, worms in the field gave birth mainly in the spring. Those born in late February from field-collected parents and maintained in the laboratory under in-phase photoperiodic conditions reproduced in 12 to 13 mo, under spring light-regimes. When maintained under light conditions 6 mo out of phase,they required only about 6 to 8 mo to reproduce, giving birth in the fall, but under spring light-regimes. Worms born in the laboratory in fall and then maintained in phase reproduced in the ambient spring, at 6 to 8 mo of age; those maintained out of phase took 12 to 13 mo, giving birth the following fall under spring light-regimes. Photoperiod treatments had no consistent effect on the number of young produced, and age and fecundity were only weakly correlated. Highest fecundities were in salinities of 15 to 20‰,with lower fecundities at higher salinities. Worms maintained in fullstrength sea water(33‰ S) showed abnormal development and produced very few or no young. Salinity did not affect timing of parturition. Temperature differences of 3 to 7 C° between treatments had no effect on timing of parturition or number of young produced, and marginal effects on life span. These results indicate that photoperiod regulates the timing of reproduction in N. limnicola in central California, while salinity mainly influences fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349731
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization and introgression between Indo-Pacific species of Diadema (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 715-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present the first case of hybridization between echinoid species evaluated through genetic markers and morphology. We examined the three tropical Indo-Pacific species of the genus Diadema: D. paucispinum A. Agassiz, D. savignyi (Audouin) Michelin and D. setosum (Leske). Specimens morphologically intermediate between two of these species, D. savignyi and D. setosumhave previously been noted. Fertile hybrids have also been produced in the laboratory. To determine extent of hybridization, we first assayed the allozyme products of 22 loci in individuals which, on the basis of morphology and collection locality, could be unambiguously assigned to one of the three species. We found four loci that were either diagnostic or semi-diagnostic between D. setosum and the other two species, and one locus semi-diagnostic between D. savignyi and D. paucispinum.We then assayed individuals of intermediate morphology to find out whether they had hybrid genotypes. In the Ryukyu Islands, where D. setosum and D. savignyi coexist, we found one specimen which on the basis of all four diagnostic loci was an F1 hybrid, and several individuals that could be either F2 (or later-generation) hybrids or progeny of backcrosses.We also found one individual that on both genetic and morphological grounds appeared to belong to D. paucispinum (even though this spcies has only been reported from Hawaii and Kiribati) and three other individuals that carried alleles characteristic of D. paucispinum. Thus, previous reports of hybridization between D. setosum and D. savignyi were correct; it is also possible that larvae of D. paucispinum occasionally arrive at localities outside Hawaii, reach sexual maturity, and hybridize with the other two species. Counts of pure and hybrid morphotypes in other populations across the western tropical Pacific revealed a low but widespread incidence of apparent F1 hybrids and backcrosses of D.savignyi and D. setosum. However, the existence of diagnostic or semi-diagnostic loci, low interspecific gene-flow estimates based on F st statistics, and the lack of Hardy-Weinberg or linkage disequilibria among individuals of pure morphology all suggest that gene introgression between the three species is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351338
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abalones and sea urchins in an area inhabited by sea otters (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 23 (1973), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abalones (Haliotis spp.) and sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus spp.) are part of the subtidal fauna in the kelp bed off Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California, USA, a protected marine reserve. Although these animals have been preyed upon by sea otters for over 10 years, their densities are gubstantial (Haliotis spp.: 0.21/m2; Strongylocentrotus spp.: 0.22/m2), and two species, H. rufescens (Swainson) and S. purpuratus (Stimpson), have wide size distributions indicating broad age ranges. Most of the adult abalones and sea urchins occur clustered deep in crevices, either as a direct result of sea-otter predation or because ample drift of algal food reduces foraging activities. Abalones tend to occur in larger crevices than sea urchins, and competition for suitable crevice space may exist among these large, invertebrate, algal-drift feeders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389487
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental types of shallow-water asteroids of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mode of development was ascertained for 14 of the 16 species of sea stars known to occur in shallow waters of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (77°51′S; 166°40′E). The species were collected between September 1984 and December 1985. Females of three species,Odontaster validus, O. meridionalis andPorania antarctica, spawn small to moderate eggs (0.17 to 0.55 mm), have a high fecundity, and produce feeding larvae. Females of an undescribedPorania species spawn a few eggs (150 to 310) that are 0.55 mm in diameter and develop into demersal non-feeding larvae. Females ofDiplasterias brucei andNotasterias armata produce a few (〈300) large eggs (2.8 to 3.5 mm) and brood their young. Females of the remaining eight species have moderate fecundity and produce pelagic non-feeding larvae, as determined from egg type (buoyant, 0.54 to 1.28 mm diam) and direct observations of spawning and development. The high incidence (11 out of 14 species; 79%) of non-feeding development is consistent with predictions that environmental conditions in high-latitude regions are unfavorable for planktotrophic development. Nonetheless, most of the species surveyed (11 out of 14) had pelagic larvae, which contradicts inferences of unusual selection for benthic development in the Antarctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313155
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of glycine from solution by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 19 (1973), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Radioautography and liquid-scintillation counting of juvenile sea urchins — Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) — exposed to 3H- and 14C-labeled glycine showed that the 3H is rapidly translocated throughout the animal and lost, while the 14C is slowly translocated into the interior of the urchin and incorporated into insoluble material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348895
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