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  • 1
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    Rebuilding global fisheries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Hilborn, Ray -- Baum, Julia K -- Branch, Trevor A -- Collie, Jeremy S -- Costello, Christopher -- Fogarty, Michael J -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Jennings, Simon -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Lotze, Heike K -- Mace, Pamela M -- McClanahan, Tim R -- Minto, Coilin -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Parma, Ana M -- Ricard, Daniel -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Watson, Reg -- Zeller, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):578-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1173146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology ; Internationality ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Resilience and recovery of overexploited marine populations (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Recovery of overexploited marine populations has been slow, and most remain below target biomass levels. A key question is whether this is due to insufficient reductions in harvest rates or the erosion of population resilience. Using a global meta-analysis of overfished stocks, we find that resilience of those stocks subjected to moderate levels of overfishing is enhanced, not compromised, offering the possibility of swift recovery. However, prolonged intense overexploitation, especially for collapsed stocks, not only delays rebuilding but also substantially increases the uncertainty in recovery times, despite predictable influences of fishing and life history. Timely and decisive reductions in harvest rates could mitigate this uncertainty. Instead, current harvest and low biomass levels render recovery improbable for the majority of the world's depleted stocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neubauer, Philipp -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Baum, Julia K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):347-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1230441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. neubauer.phil@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/*growth & development/physiology ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: Overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates. In the ocean, tunas and sea turtles are current conservation concerns because of this intense pressure. The status of most shark species, in contrast, remains uncertain. Using the largest data set in the Northwest Atlantic, we show rapid large declines in large coastal and oceanic shark populations. Scalloped hammerhead, white, and thresher sharks are each estimated to have declined by over 75% in the past 15 years. Closed-area models highlight priority areas for shark conservation, and the need to consider effort reallocation and site selection if marine reserves are to benefit multiple threatened species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, Julia K -- Myers, Ransom A -- Kehler, Daniel G -- Worm, Boris -- Harley, Shelton J -- Doherty, Penny A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):389-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. baum@mscs.dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; *Sharks
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Baum, Julia K -- Shepherd, Travis D -- Powers, Sean P -- Peterson, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1846-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Elasmobranchii ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Ostreidae ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; Skates (Fish)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-05
    Description: Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed bleaching records at 100 globally distributed reef locations from 1980 to 2016. The median return time between pairs of severe bleaching events has diminished steadily since 1980 and is now only 6 years. As global warming has progressed, tropical sea surface temperatures are warmer now during current La Niña conditions than they were during El Niño events three decades ago. Consequently, as we transition to the Anthropocene, coral bleaching is occurring more frequently in all El Niño–Southern Oscillation phases, increasing the likelihood of annual bleaching in the coming decades.
    Keywords: Ecology, Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Cascading Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-30
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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