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  • 1
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    Near extinction of a large, widely distributed fish (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-31
    Description: Are extinctions of marine vertebrates as rare and unlikely as current data indicate? Long-term research surveys on the continental shelf between the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and southern New England reveal that one of the largest skates in the northwest Atlantic, the barndoor skate (Raja laevis), is close to extinction. Forty-five years ago, research surveys on St. Pierre Bank (off southern Newfoundland) recorded barndoor skates in 10% of their tows; in the last 20 years, none has been caught, and this pattern of decline is similar throughout the range of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey -- Myers -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 31;281(5377):690-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. M. Casey, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7. R. A. Myers, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9685260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Survival variability and population density in fish populations (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-21
    Description: To understand the processes that regulate the abundance and persistence of wild populations is a fundamental goal of ecology and a prerequisite for the management of living resources. Variable abundance data, however, make the demonstration of regulation processes challenging. A previously overlooked aspect in understanding how populations are regulated is the possibility that the pattern of variability--its strength as a function of population size--may be more than 'noise', thus revealing much about the characteristics of population regulation. Here we show that patterns in survival variability do provide evidence of regulation through density. Using a large, global compilation of marine, anadromous and freshwater fisheries data, we examine the relationship between the variability of survival and population abundance. The interannual variability in progeny survival increases at low adult abundance in an inversely density-dependent fashion. This pattern is consistent with models in which density dependence enters after the larval stage. The findings are compatible with very simple forms of density dependence: even a linear increase of juvenile mortality with adult density adequately explains the results. The model predictions explain why populations with strong regulation may experience large increases in variability at low densities. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between survival variability and the strength of density dependence has important consequences for fisheries management and recovery, and population persistence or extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minto, Coilin -- Myers, Ransom A -- Blanchard, Wade -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):344-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada. mintoc@mathstat.dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Aging ; Animals ; Fishes/growth & development/*physiology ; Geography ; Larva/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Stochastic Processes ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: Overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates. In the ocean, tunas and sea turtles are current conservation concerns because of this intense pressure. The status of most shark species, in contrast, remains uncertain. Using the largest data set in the Northwest Atlantic, we show rapid large declines in large coastal and oceanic shark populations. Scalloped hammerhead, white, and thresher sharks are each estimated to have declined by over 75% in the past 15 years. Closed-area models highlight priority areas for shark conservation, and the need to consider effort reallocation and site selection if marine reserves are to benefit multiple threatened species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, Julia K -- Myers, Ransom A -- Kehler, Daniel G -- Worm, Boris -- Harley, Shelton J -- Doherty, Penny A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):389-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. baum@mscs.dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; *Sharks
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Global patterns of predator diversity in the open oceans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: The open oceans comprise most of the biosphere, yet patterns and trends of species diversity there are enigmatic. Here, we derive worldwide patterns of tuna and billfish diversity over the past 50 years, revealing distinct subtropical "hotspots" that appeared to hold generally for other predators and zooplankton. Diversity was positively correlated with thermal fronts and dissolved oxygen and a nonlinear function of temperature (approximately 25 degrees C optimum). Diversity declined between 10 and 50% in all oceans, a trend that coincided with increased fishing pressure, superimposed on strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation-driven variability across the Pacific. We conclude that predator diversity shows a predictable yet eroding pattern signaling ecosystem-wide changes linked to climate and fishing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Sandow, Marcel -- Oschlies, Andreas -- Lotze, Heike K -- Myers, Ransom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1365-9. Epub 2005 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; *Perciformes ; Population Density ; *Predatory Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Tuna ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Hatcheries and endangered salmon (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Levin, Simon A -- Lande, Russell -- James, Frances C -- Murdoch, William W -- Paine, Robert T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):1980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1. ransom.myers@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/classification/genetics/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmo salar/physiology ; Terminology as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Oceans. U.S. ocean fish recovery: staying the course (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Safina, Carl -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Myers, Ransom A -- Quinn, Terrance J 2nd -- Collie, Jeremy S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):707-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA. csafina@blueocean.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fishes ; Guidelines as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Equation of state of pyrite to 80 GPa and 2400 K (2016)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-03
    Description: The high-cosmic abundance of sulfur is not reflected in the terrestrial crust, implying it is either sequestered in the Earth’s interior or was volatilized during accretion. As it has widely been suggested that sulfur could be one of the contributing light elements leading to the density deficit of Earth’s core, a robust thermal equation of state of iron sulfide is useful for understanding the evolution and properties of Earth’s interior. We performed X-ray diffraction measurements on FeS 2 achieving pressures from 15 to 80 GPa and temperatures up to 2400 K using laser-heated diamond-anvil cells. No phase transitions were observed in the pyrite structure over the pressure and temperature ranges investigated. Combining our new P-V-T data with previously published room-temperature compression and thermochemical data, we fit a Debye temperature of 624(14) K and determined a Mie-Grüneisen equation of state for pyrite having bulk modulus K T = 141.2(18) GPa, pressure derivative K ' T = 5.56(24), Grüneisen parameter 0 = 1.41, anharmonic coefficient A 2 = 2.53(27) x 10 –3 J/(K 2 ·mol), and q = 2.06(27). These findings are compared to previously published equation of state parameters for pyrite from static compression, shock compression, and ab initio studies. This revised equation of state for pyrite is consistent with an outer core density deficit satisfied by 11.4(10) wt% sulfur, yet matching the bulk sound speed of PREM requires an outer core composition of 4.8(19) wt% S. This discrepancy suggests that sulfur alone cannot satisfy both seismological constraints simultaneously and cannot be the only light element within Earth’s core, and so the sulfur content needed to satisfy density constraints using our FeS 2 equation of state should be considered an upper bound for sulfur in the Earth’s core.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 8
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    Ecology. Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora, Camilo -- Andrefouet, Serge -- Costello, Mark J -- Kranenburg, Christine -- Rollo, Audrey -- Veron, John -- Gaston, Kevin J -- Myers, Ransom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1750-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Post Office Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand. moracamilo@hotmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; Homing Behavior ; Marine Biology ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Population dynamics of exploited fish stocks at low population levels (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: Models of population dynamics in which per capita reproductive success declines at low population levels (variously known as depensation, the Allee effect, and inverse density-dependence) predict that populations can have multiple equilibria and may suddenly shift from one equilibrium to another. If such depensatory dynamics exist, reduced mortality may be insufficient to allow recovery of a population after abundance has been severely reduced by harvesting. Estimates of spawner abundance and number of surviving progeny for 128 fish stocks indicated only 3 stocks with significant depensation. Estimates of the statistical power of the tests strengthen the conclusion that depensatory dynamics are not apparent for fish populations at the levels studied.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, R A -- Barrowman, N J -- Hutchings, J A -- Rosenberg, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17755535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction. The louse-induced mortality of pink salmon is commonly over 80% and exceeds previous fishing mortality. If outbreaks continue, then local extinction is certain, and a 99% collapse in pink salmon population abundance is expected in four salmon generations. These results suggest that salmon farms can cause parasite outbreaks that erode the capacity of a coastal ecosystem to support wild salmon populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krkosek, Martin -- Ford, Jennifer S -- Morton, Alexandra -- Lele, Subhash -- Myers, Ransom A -- Lewis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. mkrkosek@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; *Copepoda ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data/veterinary ; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Extinction, Biological ; Fish Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality ; *Fisheries ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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