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  • Population Dynamics
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (526)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • EMBO Press
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Migratory species depend on a suite of interconnected sites. Threats to unprotected links in these chains of sites are driving rapid population declines of migrants around the world, yet the extent to which different parts of the annual cycle are protected remains unknown. We show that just 9% of 1451 migratory birds are adequately covered by protected areas across all stages of their annual cycle, in comparison with 45% of nonmigratory birds. This discrepancy is driven by protected area placement that does not cover the full annual cycle of migratory species, indicating that global efforts toward coordinated conservation planning for migrants are yet to bear fruit. Better-targeted investment and enhanced coordination among countries are needed to conserve migratory species throughout their migratory cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Runge, Claire A -- Watson, James E M -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Hanson, Jeffrey O -- Possingham, Hugh P -- Fuller, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1255-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. claire.runge@uqconnect.edu.au. ; School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA. ; BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, England, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Global climate change is a major threat to biodiversity. Large-scale analyses have generally focused on the impacts of climate change on the geographic ranges of species and on phenology, the timing of ecological phenomena. We used long-term monitoring of the abundance of breeding birds across Europe and the United States to produce, for both regions, composite population indices for two groups of species: those for which climate suitability has been either improving or declining since 1980. The ratio of these composite indices, the climate impact indicator (CII), reflects the divergent fates of species favored or disadvantaged by climate change. The trend in CII is positive and similar in the two regions. On both continents, interspecific and spatial variation in population abundance trends are well predicted by climate suitability trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Philip A -- Mason, Lucy R -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Sauer, John R -- Alison, Jamie -- Aunins, Ainars -- Brotons, Lluis -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Campedelli, Tommaso -- Chodkiewicz, Tomasz -- Chylarecki, Przemyslaw -- Crowe, Olivia -- Elts, Jaanus -- Escandell, Virginia -- Foppen, Ruud P B -- Heldbjerg, Henning -- Herrando, Sergi -- Husby, Magne -- Jiguet, Frederic -- Lehikoinen, Aleksi -- Lindstrom, Ake -- Noble, David G -- Paquet, Jean-Yves -- Reif, Jiri -- Sattler, Thomas -- Szep, Tibor -- Teufelbauer, Norbert -- Trautmann, Sven -- van Strien, Arco J -- van Turnhout, Chris A M -- Vorisek, Petr -- Willis, Stephen G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):84-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4858.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Ecology Group, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ; United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. ; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. ; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. ; Center for Mediterranean Forest Research, Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya, InForest JRU, Solsona 25280, Spain. REAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. CSIC, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Catalonia, Spain. ; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. ; MITO2000 National Committee; c/o Dream Italia, Via Garibaldi 3, 52015, Pratovecchio-Stia, Arezzo, Italy. ; Ogolnopolskie Towarzystwo Ochrony Ptakow, Odrowaza 24,05-270 Marki, Poland. ; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland. ; BirdWatch Ireland, Unit 20 Block D Bullford Business Campus, Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. ; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise Street 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia. ; Sociedad Espanola de Ornitologia/BirdLife Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid. Spain. ; European Bird Census Council, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Dansk Ornitologisk Forening-BirdLife Denmark and University of Aarhus, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620 Kobenhavn V, Denmark. ; European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Placa Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; Section for Science, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway. ; UMR7204 Sorbonne Universites-MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CESCO, CRBPO, CP 135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. ; The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 17, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. ; Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. ; The British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. ; Natagora, Departement Etudes, Rue Nanon 98, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. ; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. ; Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. ; Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Nyiregyhaza, Sostoi ut 31/b, 4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary. ; BirdLife Austria, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. ; Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (Federation of German Avifaunists), An den Speichern 6, D-48157 Munster, Germany. ; Statistics Netherlands, Post Office Box 24500, 2490 HA The Hague, Netherlands. ; Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Post Office Box 6521, 6503 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands. Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme, Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Belidle 252/34, CZ-15000 Prague 5, Czech Republic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Breeding ; *Climate Change ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring ; Europe ; Population Dynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-08-22
    Description: Paradigms of sustainable exploitation focus on population dynamics of prey and yields to humanity but ignore the behavior of humans as predators. We compared patterns of predation by contemporary hunters and fishers with those of other predators that compete over shared prey (terrestrial mammals and marine fishes). Our global survey (2125 estimates of annual finite exploitation rate) revealed that humans kill adult prey, the reproductive capital of populations, at much higher median rates than other predators (up to 14 times higher), with particularly intense exploitation of terrestrial carnivores and fishes. Given this competitive dominance, impacts on predators, and other unique predatory behavior, we suggest that humans function as an unsustainable "super predator," which-unless additionally constrained by managers-will continue to alter ecological and evolutionary processes globally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darimont, Chris T -- Fox, Caroline H -- Bryan, Heather M -- Reimchen, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 21;349(6250):858-60. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Post Office Box 2429, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 3Y3, Canada. Hakai Institute, Post Office Box 309, Heriot Bay, British Columbia V0P 1H0, Canada. darimont@uvic.ca. ; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Post Office Box 2429, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 3Y3, Canada. ; Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Post Office Box 2429, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 3Y3, Canada. Hakai Institute, Post Office Box 309, Heriot Bay, British Columbia V0P 1H0, Canada. ; Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 3060, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26293961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Consumer Behavior ; Ecology ; Fishes ; Humans ; Mammals/psychology ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-11-14
    Description: Climate change impacts on vertebrates have consequences for marine ecosystem structures and services. We review marine fish, mammal, turtle, and seabird responses to climate change and discuss their potential for adaptation. Direct and indirect responses are demonstrated from every ocean. Because of variation in research foci, observed responses differ among taxonomic groups (redistributions for fish, phenology for seabirds). Mechanisms of change are (i) direct physiological responses and (ii) climate-mediated predator-prey interactions. Regional-scale variation in climate-demographic functions makes range-wide population dynamics challenging to predict. The nexus of metabolism relative to ecosystem productivity and food webs appears key to predicting future effects on marine vertebrates. Integration of climate, oceanographic, ecosystem, and population models that incorporate evolutionary processes is needed to prioritize the climate-related conservation needs for these species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sydeman, William J -- Poloczanska, Elvira -- Reed, Thomas E -- Thompson, Sarah Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):772-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Bodega Marine Laboratory/University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA. wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org. ; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia. Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia. ; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. ; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26564847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Birds/*classification ; *Climate Change ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; Fishes/*classification ; Mammals/*classification ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Turtles/*classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larson, Christina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):150-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6257.150.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Birds ; China ; Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Several studies have documented fish populations changing in response to long-term warming. Over the past decade, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine increased faster than 99% of the global ocean. The warming, which was related to a northward shift in the Gulf Stream and to changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, led to reduced recruitment and increased mortality in the region's Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock. Failure to recognize the impact of warming on cod contributed to overfishing. Recovery of this fishery depends on sound management, but the size of the stock depends on future temperature conditions. The experience in the Gulf of Maine highlights the need to incorporate environmental factors into resource management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pershing, Andrew J -- Alexander, Michael A -- Hernandez, Christina M -- Kerr, Lisa A -- Le Bris, Arnault -- Mills, Katherine E -- Nye, Janet A -- Record, Nicholas R -- Scannell, Hillary A -- Scott, James D -- Sherwood, Graham D -- Thomas, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):809-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9819. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. apershing@gmri.org. ; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. ; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. ; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA. ; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. ; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Fisheries ; Gadus morhua/*physiology ; *Global Warming ; Hot Temperature ; Maine ; Population Dynamics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for conservation, yet we know little about their genomic diversity and evolutionary past. We sequenced whole genomes from multiple wild individuals and compared the genomes of all four Gorilla subspecies. We found that the two eastern subspecies have experienced a prolonged population decline over the past 100,000 years, resulting in very low genetic diversity and an increased overall burden of deleterious variation. A further recent decline in the mountain gorilla population has led to extensive inbreeding, such that individuals are typically homozygous at 34% of their sequence, leading to the purging of severely deleterious recessive mutations from the population. We discuss the causes of their decline and the consequences for their future survival.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668944/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4668944/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Yali -- Prado-Martinez, Javier -- Sudmant, Peter H -- Narasimhan, Vagheesh -- Ayub, Qasim -- Szpak, Michal -- Frandsen, Peter -- Chen, Yuan -- Yngvadottir, Bryndis -- Cooper, David N -- de Manuel, Marc -- Hernandez-Rodriguez, Jessica -- Lobon, Irene -- Siegismund, Hans R -- Pagani, Luca -- Quail, Michael A -- Hvilsom, Christina -- Mudakikwa, Antoine -- Eichler, Evan E -- Cranfield, Michael R -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Scally, Aylwyn -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 099769/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 260372/European Research Council/International -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):242-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3952. Epub 2015 Apr 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. ; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC/UPF), Parque de Investigacion Biomedica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK. ; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. ; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40134 Bologna, Italy. ; Research and Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Rwanda Development Board, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 91895, USA. ; Gorilla Doctors, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC/UPF), Parque de Investigacion Biomedica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain. Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (Parc Cientific de Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. cts@sanger.ac.uk aos21@cam.ac.uk. ; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. cts@sanger.ac.uk aos21@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Endangered Species ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Gorilla gorilla/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Homozygote ; *Inbreeding ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Dynamics ; Rwanda ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: For many species, geographical ranges are expanding toward the poles in response to climate change, while remaining stable along range edges nearest the equator. Using long-term observations across Europe and North America over 110 years, we tested for climate change-related range shifts in bumblebee species across the full extents of their latitudinal and thermal limits and movements along elevation gradients. We found cross-continentally consistent trends in failures to track warming through time at species' northern range limits, range losses from southern range limits, and shifts to higher elevations among southern species. These effects are independent of changing land uses or pesticide applications and underscore the need to test for climate impacts at both leading and trailing latitudinal and thermal limits for species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Jeremy T -- Pindar, Alana -- Galpern, Paul -- Packer, Laurence -- Potts, Simon G -- Roberts, Stuart M -- Rasmont, Pierre -- Schweiger, Oliver -- Colla, Sheila R -- Richardson, Leif L -- Wagner, David L -- Gall, Lawrence F -- Sikes, Derek S -- Pantoja, Alberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):177-80. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N6N5. jkerr@uottawa.ca. ; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N6N5. ; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. ; Department of Zoology, Universite de Mons, Mons, Belgium. ; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany. ; Wildlife Preservation Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. ; Gund Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. ; Peabody Museum of Natural History, Entomology Division, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. ; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subarctic Agricultural Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/drug effects/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; North America ; Pesticides/adverse effects ; Population Dynamics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons, suggest that marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify as human use of the oceans industrializes. Though protected areas are a powerful tool to harness ocean productivity, especially when designed with future climate in mind, additional management strategies will be required. Overall, habitat degradation is likely to intensify as a major driver of marine wildlife loss. Proactive intervention can avert a marine defaunation disaster of the magnitude observed on land.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- Pinsky, Malin L -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Estes, James A -- Joyce, Francis H -- Warner, Robert R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 16;347(6219):1255641. doi: 10.1126/science.1255641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. douglas.mccauley@lifesci.ucsb.edu. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. ; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25593191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, Scott -- Becker, Matthew -- Christianson, David -- Droge, Egil -- Hammerschlag, Neil -- Hayward, Matt W -- Karanth, Ullas -- Loveridge, Andrew -- Macdonald, David W -- Matandiko, Wigganson -- M'soka, Jassiel -- Murray, Dennis -- Rosenblatt, Elias -- Schuette, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 18;350(6267):1473-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia. screel@montana.edu. ; Zambian Carnivore Programme, Mfuwe, Zambia. ; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. ; University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA. ; Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK. ; Wildlife Conservation Society, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 070, India. ; WildCRU, Oxford University, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK. ; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Zambia Wildlife Authority, Chilanga, Zambia. ; Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada. ; State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26680181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivory ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Human Activities ; Policy ; Population Dynamics ; *Wolves
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):685. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6210.685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivory ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Food Chain ; Lynx ; Mustelidae ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; *Reindeer
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):568-71. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Scotland
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):464-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6183.464.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Death ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Starfish ; Washington ; Wasting Syndrome/microbiology/*veterinary/virology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kress, W John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1310. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. John Kress is the Interim Under Secretary for Science at the Smithsonian Institution and Distinguished Scientist and Curator of Botany at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. kressj@si.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Birds/genetics ; Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; *Museums ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stern, Peter -- Hines, Pamela J -- Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):566-7. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.566.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Resilience, Psychological
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: Recent studies clarify where the most vulnerable species live, where and how humanity changes the planet, and how this drives extinctions. We assess key statistics about species, their distribution, and their status. Most are undescribed. Those we know best have large geographical ranges and are often common within them. Most known species have small ranges. The numbers of small-ranged species are increasing quickly, even in well-known taxa. They are geographically concentrated and are disproportionately likely to be threatened or already extinct. Current rates of extinction are about 1000 times the likely background rate of extinction. Future rates depend on many factors and are poised to increase. Although there has been rapid progress in developing protected areas, such efforts are not ecologically representative, nor do they optimally protect biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, S L -- Jenkins, C N -- Abell, R -- Brooks, T M -- Gittleman, J L -- Joppa, L N -- Raven, P H -- Roberts, C M -- Sexton, J O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1246752. doi: 10.1126/science.1246752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA. stuartpimm@me.com. ; Instituto de Pesquisas Ecologicas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, km 47, Caixa Postal 47, Nazare Paulista SP, 12960-000, Brazil. ; Post Office Box 402 Haverford, PA 19041, USA. ; International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. ; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Microsoft Research, 21 Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK. ; Missouri Botanical Garden, Post Office Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA. ; Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK. ; Global Land Cover Facility, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geography ; Humans ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal alpha diversity, measured as change in local diversity, and temporal beta diversity, measured as change in community composition. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of alpha diversity. However, community composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models. Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change, and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal alpha and beta diversity. Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Shimadzu, Hideyasu -- Moyes, Faye -- Sievers, Caya -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):296-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Large carnivores face serious threats and are experiencing massive declines in their populations and geographic ranges around the world. We highlight how these threats have affected the conservation status and ecological functioning of the 31 largest mammalian carnivores on Earth. Consistent with theory, empirical studies increasingly show that large carnivores have substantial effects on the structure and function of diverse ecosystems. Significant cascading trophic interactions, mediated by their prey or sympatric mesopredators, arise when some of these carnivores are extirpated from or repatriated to ecosystems. Unexpected effects of trophic cascades on various taxa and processes include changes to bird, mammal, invertebrate, and herpetofauna abundance or richness; subsidies to scavengers; altered disease dynamics; carbon sequestration; modified stream morphology; and crop damage. Promoting tolerance and coexistence with large carnivores is a crucial societal challenge that will ultimately determine the fate of Earth's largest carnivores and all that depends upon them, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ripple, William J -- Estes, James A -- Beschta, Robert L -- Wilmers, Christopher C -- Ritchie, Euan G -- Hebblewhite, Mark -- Berger, Joel -- Elmhagen, Bodil -- Letnic, Mike -- Nelson, Michael P -- Schmitz, Oswald J -- Smith, Douglas W -- Wallach, Arian D -- Wirsing, Aaron J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):1241484. doi: 10.1126/science.1241484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Trophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; Meat Products/statistics & numerical data ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):719. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6172.719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Endangered Species ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; *Wolves
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Pollinators are fundamental to maintaining both biodiversity and agricultural productivity, but habitat destruction, loss of flower resources, and increased use of pesticides are causing declines in their abundance and diversity. Using historical records, we assessed the rate of extinction of bee and flower-visiting wasp species in Britain from the mid-19th century to the present. The most rapid phase of extinction appears to be related to changes in agricultural policy and practice beginning in the 1920s, before the agricultural intensification prompted by the Second World War, often cited as the most important driver of biodiversity loss in Britain. Slowing of the extinction rate from the 1960s onward may be due to prior loss of the most sensitive species and/or effective conservation programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ollerton, Jeff -- Erenler, Hilary -- Edwards, Mike -- Crockett, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1360-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1257259.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. jeff.ollerton@northampton.ac.uk. ; Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Avenue Campus, Northampton NN2 6JD, UK. ; Lea-Side, Carron Lane, Midhurst GU29 9LB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/history/methods ; Animals ; *Bees ; Biodiversity ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Flowers ; Great Britain ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Linear Models ; Pollen ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; *Wasps
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):828. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.828.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Income/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Population Dynamics ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Taxes/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Thermodynamics
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2013-08-03
    Description: Insects often undergo regular outbreaks in population density but identifying the causal mechanism for such outbreaks in any particular species has proven difficult. Here, we show that outbreak cycles in the tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai can be explained by temperature-driven changes in system stability. Wavelet analysis of a 51-year time series spanning more than 200 outbreaks reveals a threshold in outbreak amplitude each spring when temperature exceeds 15 degrees C and a secession of outbreaks each fall as temperature decreases. This is in close agreement with our independently parameterized mathematical model that predicts the system crosses a Hopf bifurcation from stability to sustained cycles as temperature increases. These results suggest that temperature can alter system stability and provide an explanation for generation cycles in multivoltine insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, William A -- Bjornstad, Ottar N -- Yamanaka, Takehiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1238477. Epub 2013 Aug 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. nelsonw@queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Life Cycle Stages ; Models, Biological ; Moths/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seasons ; *Temperature ; Wavelet Analysis
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Recently accumulated evidence has documented a climate impact on the demography and dynamics of single species, yet the impact at the community level is poorly understood. Here, we show that in Svalbard in the high Arctic, extreme weather events synchronize population fluctuations across an entire community of resident vertebrate herbivores and cause lagged correlations with the secondary consumer, the arctic fox. This synchronization is mainly driven by heavy rain on snow that encapsulates the vegetation in ice and blocks winter forage availability for herbivores. Thus, indirect and bottom-up climate forcing drives the population dynamics across all overwintering vertebrates. Icing is predicted to become more frequent in the circumpolar Arctic and may therefore strongly affect terrestrial ecosystem characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Brage B -- Grotan, Vidar -- Aanes, Ronny -- Saether, Bernt-Erik -- Stien, Audun -- Fuglei, Eva -- Ims, Rolf A -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Pedersen, Ashild O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):313-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1226766.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. brage.b.hansen@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; *Climate Change ; Foxes/*physiology ; Galliformes/*physiology ; Herbivory ; Ice Cover ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Reindeer/*physiology ; Snow
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belgrano, Andrea -- Fowler, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1245490.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Turistgatan 5, SE-453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2013-08-21
    Description: During the past 50 years, the human population has more than doubled and global agricultural production has similarly risen. However, the productive arable area has increased by just 10%; thus the increased use of pesticides has been a consequence of the demands of human population growth, and its impact has reached global significance. Although we often know a pesticide's mode of action in the target species, we still largely do not understand the full impact of unintended side effects on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities, and ecosystems. In these times of regional and global species declines, we are challenged with the task of causally linking knowledge about the molecular actions of pesticides to their possible interference with biological processes, in order to develop reliable predictions about the consequences of pesticide use, and misuse, in a rapidly changing world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohler, Heinz-R -- Triebskorn, Rita -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 16;341(6147):759-65. doi: 10.1126/science.1237591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. heinz-r.koehler@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Aquatic Organisms ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Ecotoxicology/methods/trends ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; Population Dynamics ; Research
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):653-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1234193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bird Diseases/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Cattle ; Diclofenac/*poisoning ; Environmental Exposure ; *Falconiformes ; India ; Legislation, Drug ; Nepal ; Pakistan ; Poisoning/prevention & control/veterinary ; *Politics ; Population Dynamics ; Veterinary Drugs/*poisoning
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns about the loss of essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and result from extrinsic environmental changes or from intrinsic process stochasticity is currently unknown. Using a large compilation of time series of vole abundances, we demonstrate consistent cycle amplitude dampening associated with a reduction in winter population growth, although regulatory processes responsible for cyclicity have not been lost. The underlying syndrome of change throughout Europe and grass-eating vole species suggests a common climatic driver. Increasing intervals of low-amplitude small herbivore population fluctuations are expected in the future, and these may have cascading impacts on trophic webs across ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cornulier, Thomas -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Bretagnolle, Vincent -- Brommer, Jon E -- Butet, Alain -- Ecke, Frauke -- Elston, David A -- Framstad, Erik -- Henttonen, Heikki -- Hornfeldt, Birger -- Huitu, Otso -- Imholt, Christian -- Ims, Rolf A -- Jacob, Jens -- Jedrzejewska, Bogumila -- Millon, Alexandre -- Petty, Steve J -- Pietiainen, Hannu -- Tkadlec, Emil -- Zub, Karol -- Lambin, Xavier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):63-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1228992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. cornulier@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559246" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Europe ; Herbivory/*physiology ; *Poaceae ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Stochastic Processes
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mlot, Christine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):919-21. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6135.919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; Food Chain ; Inbreeding ; *Islands ; Male ; Michigan ; Population Dynamics ; *Wolves/abnormalities/growth & development/psychology
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: The occurrence and magnitude of disease outbreaks can strongly influence host evolution. In particular, when hosts face a resistance-fecundity trade-off, they might evolve increased resistance to infection during larger epidemics but increased susceptibility during smaller ones. We tested this theoretical prediction by using a zooplankton-yeast host-parasite system in which ecological factors determine epidemic size. Lakes with high productivity and low predation pressure had large yeast epidemics; during these outbreaks, hosts became more resistant to infection. However, with low productivity and high predation, epidemics remained small and hosts evolved increased susceptibility. Thus, by modulating disease outbreaks, ecological context (productivity and predation) shaped host evolution during epidemics. Consequently, anthropogenic alteration of productivity and predation might strongly influence both ecological and evolutionary outcomes of disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duffy, Meghan A -- Ochs, Jessica Housley -- Penczykowski, Rachel M -- Civitello, David J -- Klausmeier, Christopher A -- Hall, Spencer R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1636-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215429.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA. duffy@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*microbiology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Indiana ; *Lakes ; Male ; Metschnikowia/*pathogenicity ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Zooplankton/microbiology/physiology
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Giant vertebrates dominated many Pleistocene ecosystems. Many were herbivores, and their sudden extinction in prehistory could have had large ecological impacts. We used a high-resolution 130,000-year environmental record to help resolve the cause and reconstruct the ecological consequences of extinction of Australia's megafauna. Our results suggest that human arrival rather than climate caused megafaunal extinction, which then triggered replacement of mixed rainforest by sclerophyll vegetation through a combination of direct effects on vegetation of relaxed herbivore pressure and increased fire in the landscape. This ecosystem shift was as large as any effect of climate change over the last glacial cycle, and indicates the magnitude of changes that may have followed megafaunal extinction elsewhere in the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rule, Susan -- Brook, Barry W -- Haberle, Simon G -- Turney, Chris S M -- Kershaw, A Peter -- Johnson, Christopher N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1483-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1214261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Culture, History and Language, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascomycota ; Biomass ; Charcoal ; Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fires ; Fossils ; Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Queensland ; Time ; Trees ; *Vertebrates
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Ecological theory predicts that a complex community formed by a number of species is inherently unstable, guiding ecologists to identify what maintains species diversity in nature. Earlier studies often assumed a community with only one interaction type, either an antagonistic, competitive, or mutualistic interaction, leaving open the question of what the diversity of interaction types contributes to the community maintenance. We show theoretically that the multiple interaction types might hold the key to understanding community dynamics. A moderate mixture of antagonistic and mutualistic interactions can stabilize population dynamics. Furthermore, increasing complexity leads to increased stability in a "hybrid" community. We hypothesize that the diversity of species and interaction types may be the essential element of biodiversity that maintains ecological communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mougi, A -- Kondoh, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 20;337(6092):349-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1220529.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokoya, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22822151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biota ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Current paradigms generally assume that increased plant nitrogen (N) should enhance herbivore performance by relieving protein limitation, increasing herbivorous insect populations. We show, in contrast to this scenario, that host plant N enrichment and high-protein artificial diets decreased the size and viability of Oedaleus asiaticus, a dominant locust of north Asian grasslands. This locust preferred plants with low N content and artificial diets with low protein and high carbohydrate content. Plant N content was lowest and locust abundance highest in heavily livestock-grazed fields where soils were N-depleted, likely due to enhanced erosion. These results suggest that heavy livestock grazing and consequent steppe degradation in the Eurasian grassland promote outbreaks of this locust by reducing plant protein content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cease, Arianne J -- Elser, James J -- Ford, Colleen F -- Hao, Shuguang -- Kang, Le -- Harrison, Jon F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):467-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1214433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. arianne.cease@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Biomass ; Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fertilizers ; Food Preferences ; Grasshoppers/growth & development/*physiology ; Herbivory/physiology ; *Livestock ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Plant Proteins/*analysis ; Plants/*chemistry ; Poaceae/chemistry/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Sheep
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: The Paisley Caves in Oregon record the oldest directly dated human remains (DNA) in the Western Hemisphere. More than 100 high-precision radiocarbon dates show that deposits containing artifacts and coprolites ranging in age from 12,450 to 2295 (14)C years ago are well stratified. Western Stemmed projectile points were recovered in deposits dated to 11,070 to 11,340 (14)C years ago, a time contemporaneous with or preceding the Clovis technology. There is no evidence of diagnostic Clovis technology at the site. These two distinct technologies were parallel developments, not the product of a unilinear technological evolution. "Blind testing" analysis of coprolites by an independent laboratory confirms the presence of human DNA in specimens of pre-Clovis age. The colonization of the Americas involved multiple technologically divergent, and possibly genetically divergent, founding groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jenkins, Dennis L -- Davis, Loren G -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- Campos, Paula F -- Hockett, Bryan -- Jones, George T -- Cummings, Linda Scott -- Yost, Chad -- Connolly, Thomas J -- Yohe, Robert M 2nd -- Gibbons, Summer C -- Raghavan, Maanasa -- Rasmussen, Morten -- Paijmans, Johanna L A -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Kemp, Brian M -- Barta, Jodi Lynn -- Monroe, Cara -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Willerslev, Eske -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):223-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1218443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. djenkins@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Archaeology ; *Caves ; DNA/analysis ; Emigration and Immigration/history ; Feces ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; North America ; Oregon ; Population Dynamics ; Radiometric Dating ; Rodentia ; Technology/history ; Time
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):158-61. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6065.158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Archaeology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; *Inuits/genetics ; Population Dynamics
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 24;337(6097):904-8. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6097.904.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22923557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Invertebrates ; Male ; *Poecilia/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; *Rivers ; Selection, Genetic ; Trinidad and Tobago
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Nonlethal exposure of honey bees to thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid systemic pesticide) causes high mortality due to homing failure at levels that could put a colony at risk of collapse. Simulated exposure events on free-ranging foragers labeled with a radio-frequency identification tag suggest that homing is impaired by thiamethoxam intoxication. These experiments offer new insights into the consequences of common neonicotinoid pesticides used worldwide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henry, Mickael -- Beguin, Maxime -- Requier, Fabrice -- Rollin, Orianne -- Odoux, Jean-Francois -- Aupinel, Pierrick -- Aptel, Jean -- Tchamitchian, Sylvie -- Decourtye, Axel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):348-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1215039. Epub 2012 Mar 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR406 Abeilles et Environnement, F-84914 Avignon, France. mickael.henry@avignon.inra.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*drug effects/*physiology ; *Colony Collapse ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Homing Behavior/*drug effects ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Male ; Nitro Compounds/*toxicity ; Oxazines/*toxicity ; Population Dynamics ; Radio Frequency Identification Device ; Risk Factors ; Thiazoles/*toxicity
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: The loss of interactions from mutualistic networks could foreshadow both plant and animal species extinctions. Yet, the characteristics of interactions that predispose them to disruption are largely unknown. We analyzed 12 pollination webs from isolated hills ("sierras"), in Argentina, ranging from tens to thousands of hectares. We found evidence of nonrandom loss of interactions with decreasing sierra size. Low interaction frequency and high specialization between interacting partners contributed additively to increase the vulnerability of interactions to disruption. Interactions between generalists in the largest sierras were ubiquitous across sierras, but many of them lost their central structural role in the smallest sierras. Thus, particular configurations of interaction networks, along with unique ecological relations and evolutionary pathways, could be lost forever after habitat reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aizen, Marcelo A -- Sabatino, Malena -- Tylianakis, Jason M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1486-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1215320.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorio Ecotono-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (CRUB), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. maizen@comahue-conicet.gob.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argentina ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Insects ; *Plants ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; *Symbiosis
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wake, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1052-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1218364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA. wakelab@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/microbiology/physiology ; Animals ; *Chytridiomycota ; Climate Change ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; Mycoses/epidemiology/*veterinary ; Population Dynamics
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Growing evidence for declines in bee populations has caused great concern because of the valuable ecosystem services they provide. Neonicotinoid insecticides have been implicated in these declines because they occur at trace levels in the nectar and pollen of crop plants. We exposed colonies of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris in the laboratory to field-realistic levels of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, then allowed them to develop naturally under field conditions. Treated colonies had a significantly reduced growth rate and suffered an 85% reduction in production of new queens compared with control colonies. Given the scale of use of neonicotinoids, we suggest that they may be having a considerable negative impact on wild bumble bee populations across the developed world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehorn, Penelope R -- O'Connor, Stephanie -- Wackers, Felix L -- Goulson, Dave -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):351-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1215025. Epub 2012 Mar 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*drug effects/growth & development/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Imidazoles/*toxicity ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Male ; Nitro Compounds/*toxicity ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Random Allocation ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Weight Gain/drug effects
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1289-90. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6074.1289.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Native Continental Ancestry Group/*history ; Americas ; *Archaeology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/history ; Emigration and Immigration/history ; European Continental Ancestry Group/history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Population Dynamics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: Responses of species to climate change are extremely variable, perhaps because of climate-related changes to interactions among species. We show that temperature-related changes in the dependence of the butterfly Aricia agestis on different larval host plants have facilitated rapid range expansion. Historically, the butterfly was largely restricted to a single plant species, Helianthemum nummularium, but recent warmer conditions have enabled the butterfly to increasingly use the more widespread plant species Geranium molle. This has resulted in a substantial increase in available habitat and rapid range expansion by the butterfly (79 kilometers northward in Britain in 20 years). Interactions among species are often seen as constraints on species' responses to climate change, but we show that temperature-dependent changes to interspecific interactions can also facilitate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pateman, Rachel M -- Hill, Jane K -- Roy, David B -- Fox, Richard -- Thomas, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 25;336(6084):1028-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1216980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK. rmp502@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Butterflies/growth & development/*physiology ; *Cistaceae ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Geranium ; Great Britain ; Larva/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Seasons ; Temperature
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward. Using long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and flight speeds have increased. Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram. These positive consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies follow predicted climate change scenarios. This study stresses the importance of foraging performance as the key link between environmental changes and population processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weimerskirch, Henri -- Louzao, Maite -- de Grissac, Sophie -- Delord, Karine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):211-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210270.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, CNRS, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France. henriw@cebc.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Flight, Animal ; Geography ; Male ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Time Factors ; *Wind
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: The farming way of life originated in the Near East some 11,000 years ago and had reached most of the European continent 5000 years later. However, the impact of the agricultural revolution on demography and patterns of genomic variation in Europe remains unknown. We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. Our results suggest that migration from southern Europe catalyzed the spread of agriculture and that admixture in the wake of this expansion eventually shaped the genomic landscape of modern-day Europe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skoglund, Pontus -- Malmstrom, Helena -- Raghavan, Maanasa -- Stora, Jan -- Hall, Per -- Willerslev, Eske -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Gotherstrom, Anders -- Jakobsson, Mattias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 27;336(6080):466-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1216304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. pontus.skoglund@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Burial ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Demography ; Emigration and Immigration/history ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sweden
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zarnetske, Phoebe L -- Skelly, David K -- Urban, Mark C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1516-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1222732.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. phoebe.zarnetske@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Food Chain ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Lindsay N K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1538-9. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6114.1538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; *Sharks
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: Although an African origin of the modern human species is generally accepted, the evolutionary processes involved in the speciation, geographical spread, and eventual extinction of archaic humans outside of Africa are much debated. An additional complexity has been the recent evidence of limited interbreeding between modern humans and the Neandertals and Denisovans. Modern human migrations and interactions began during the buildup to the Last Glacial Maximum, starting about 100,000 years ago. By examining the history of other organisms through glacial cycles, valuable models for evolutionary biogeography can be formulated. According to one such model, the adoption of a new refugium by a subgroup of a species may lead to important evolutionary changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, J R -- Stringer, C B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1317-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1215627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, UK. jstewart@bournemouth.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; Demography ; Europe ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Neanderthals/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeography ; Population Dynamics
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1555. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6076.1555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*drug effects/*physiology ; Colony Collapse ; Feeding Behavior ; Imidazoles/toxicity ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Nitro Compounds/toxicity ; *Pollen ; Population Dynamics
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zielinski, Sarah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1375-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6087.1375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; *Bufo marinus/physiology ; Ecosystem ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Introduced Species ; Pest Control, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Toxins, Biological/toxicity
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estes, James A -- Terborgh, John -- Brashares, Justin S -- Power, Mary E -- Berger, Joel -- Bond, William J -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Essington, Timothy E -- Holt, Robert D -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Marquis, Robert J -- Oksanen, Lauri -- Oksanen, Tarja -- Paine, Robert T -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Ripple, William J -- Sandin, Stuart A -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- Soule, Michael E -- Virtanen, Risto -- Wardle, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. jestes@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey's perception of predation risk, but this has not been thought to meaningfully affect prey demography. We isolated the effects of perceived predation risk in a free-living population of song sparrows by actively eliminating direct predation and used playbacks of predator calls and sounds to manipulate perceived risk. We found that the perception of predation risk alone reduced the number of offspring produced per year by 40%. Our results suggest that the perception of predation risk is itself powerful enough to affect wildlife population dynamics, and should thus be given greater consideration in vertebrate conservation and management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanette, Liana Y -- White, Aija F -- Allen, Marek C -- Clinchy, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1398-401. doi: 10.1126/science.1210908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada. lzanette@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fear ; Female ; Male ; Nesting Behavior ; Oviposition ; Perception ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Risk ; Seasons ; Sparrows/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Brendan -- Naidoo, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):287; author reply 287-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6040.287-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*economics ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Crops, Agricultural/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Pest Control, Biological/*economics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Catastrophic ecological regime shifts may be announced in advance by statistical early warning signals such as slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance. The theoretical background for these indicators is rich, but real-world tests are rare, especially for whole ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that these statistics would be early warning signals for an experimentally induced regime shift in an aquatic food web. We gradually added top predators to a lake over 3 years to destabilize its food web. An adjacent lake was monitored simultaneously as a reference ecosystem. Warning signals of a regime shift were evident in the manipulated lake during reorganization of the food web more than a year before the food web transition was complete, corroborating theory for leading indicators of ecological regime shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, S R -- Cole, J J -- Pace, M L -- Batt, R -- Brock, W A -- Cline, T -- Coloso, J -- Hodgson, J R -- Kitchell, J F -- Seekell, D A -- Smith, L -- Weidel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1079-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1203672. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. srcarpen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Reductions in bird numbers could hamper ecosystem services such as pollination, but experimental proof is lacking. We show that functional extinction of bird pollinators has reduced pollination, seed production, and plant density in the shrub Rhabdothamnus solandri (Gesneriaceae) on the North Island ("mainland") of New Zealand but not on three nearby island bird sanctuaries where birds remain abundant. Pollen limitation of fruit set is strong [pollen limitation index (PLI) = 0.69] and significant on the mainland but small (PLI = 0.15) and nonsignificant on islands. Seed production per flower on the mainland is reduced 84%. Mainland sites have similar adult densities, but 55% fewer juvenile plants per adult, than island sites. Seed addition experiments near adult R. solandri plants on the mainland found strong seed limitation 5 years after sowing for R. solandri but not for two other co-occurring woody species. This demonstrates a terrestrial trophic cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Sandra H -- Kelly, Dave -- Ladley, Jenny J -- Molloy, Sue -- Terry, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1068-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1199092. Epub 2011 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Flowers ; Fruit/growth & development ; New Zealand ; *Passeriformes ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds ; Trees
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a significant pest that was inadvertently introduced into the southern United States almost a century ago and more recently into California and other regions of the world. An assessment of genetic variation at a diverse set of molecular markers in 2144 fire ant colonies from 75 geographic sites worldwide revealed that at least nine separate introductions of S. invicta have occurred into newly invaded areas and that the main southern U.S. population is probably the source of all but one of these introductions. The sole exception involves a putative serial invasion from the southern United States to California to Taiwan. These results illustrate in stark fashion a severe negative consequence of an increasingly massive and interconnected global trade and travel system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ascunce, Marina S -- Yang, Chin-Cheng -- Oakey, Jane -- Calcaterra, Luis -- Wu, Wen-Jer -- Shih, Cheng-Jen -- Goudet, Jerome -- Ross, Kenneth G -- Shoemaker, DeWayne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1066-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1198734.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ants/genetics ; Asia ; Australia ; Bayes Theorem ; Commerce ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Dynamics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; South America ; Travel ; United States
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Using a regionally calibrated model, Sinervo et al. (Reports, 14 May 2010, p. 894) predicted potential climate change impacts on lizard populations and estimated that many extinctions are under way. We argue that this model is not sufficient for predicting global losses in lizard species in response to anthropogenic climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clusella-Trullas, Susana -- Chown, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):537; author reply 537. doi: 10.1126/science.1195193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. sct333@sun.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; *Lizards ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: The Middle Stone Age (MSA) is associated with early behavioral innovations, expansions of modern humans within and out of Africa, and occasional population bottlenecks. Several innovations in the MSA are seen in an archaeological sequence in the rock shelter Sibudu (South Africa). At ~77,000 years ago, people constructed plant bedding from sedges and other monocotyledons topped with aromatic leaves containing insecticidal and larvicidal chemicals. Beginning at ~73,000 years ago, bedding was burned, presumably for site maintenance. By ~58,000 years ago, bedding construction, burning, and other forms of site use and maintenance intensified, suggesting that settlement strategies changed. Behavioral differences between ~77,000 and 58,000 years ago may coincide with population fluctuations in Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadley, Lyn -- Sievers, Christine -- Bamford, Marion -- Goldberg, Paul -- Berna, Francesco -- Miller, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1388-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1213317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, Archaeology, and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. lyn.wadley@wits.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Bedding and Linens/*history ; Behavior ; Cyperaceae ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Insecticides ; Plant Leaves ; Plants ; Poaceae ; Population Dynamics ; South Africa
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marques, Antonio Carlos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; Population Dynamics
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karanth, K Ullas -- Gopalaswamy, Arjun M -- Kumar, N Samba -- Delampady, Mohan -- Nichols, James D -- Seidensticker, John -- Noon, Barry R -- Pimm, Stuart L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 13;332(6031):791. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6031.791-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; India ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Tigers
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  • 59
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: A 7000-year record of Coccolithovirus and its host, the calcifying haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, was reconstructed on the basis of genetic signatures preserved in sediments underlying the Black Sea. The data show that the same virus and host populations can persist for centuries. Major changes in virus and host populations occurred during early sapropel deposition, ~5600 years ago, and throughout the formation of the coccolith-bearing sediments of Unit I during the past 2500 years, when the Black Sea experienced dramatic changes in hydrologic and nutrient regimes. Unit I saw a reoccurrence of the same host genotype thousands of years later in the presence of a different subset of viruses. Historical plankton virus populations can thus be included in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coolen, Marco J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):451-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1200072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mcoolen@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Black Sea ; Capsid Proteins/genetics ; DNA, Viral/classification/genetics ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Haptophyta/classification/genetics/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoglycerate Mutase/genetics ; *Phycodnaviridae/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekercioglu, Cagan H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1019-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1202389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA. c.s@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; New Zealand ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -¾ power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hechinger, Ryan F -- Lafferty, Kevin D -- Dobson, Andy P -- Brown, James H -- Kuris, Armand M -- P20 RR018754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR018754-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):445-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1204337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Science Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Birds/metabolism/physiology ; *Body Size ; Body Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fishes/metabolism/physiology ; Food Chain ; Invertebrates/metabolism/*physiology ; Linear Models ; Parasites/metabolism/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Vertebrates/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyles, Justin G -- Cryan, Paul M -- McCracken, Gary F -- Kunz, Thomas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):41-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1201366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. jgboyles@zoology.up.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*economics ; Animals ; Ascomycota ; Chiroptera/microbiology/*physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Dermatomycoses/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy ; United States ; Wind
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Anthony D M -- Brown, Christopher J -- Bulman, Catherine M -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Johnson, Penny -- Kaplan, Isaac C -- Lozano-Montes, Hector -- Mackinson, Steven -- Marzloff, Martin -- Shannon, Lynne J -- Shin, Yunne-Jai -- Tam, Jorge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1209395. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. tony.d.smith@csiro.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Mammals ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: Projections of population size, growth rates, and age distribution, although extending to distant horizons, shape policies today for the economy, environment, and government programs such as public pensions and health care. The projections can lead to costly policy adjustments, which in turn can cause political and economic turmoil. The United Nations projects global population to grow from about 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion in 2100, while the Old Age Dependency Ratio doubles by 2050 and triples by 2100. How are such population projections made, and how certain can we be about the trends they foresee?〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155613/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155613/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Ronald -- P30 AG01283/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG012839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG012839-19/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG025247/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG025247-08/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):569-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1208859.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Demography, University of California at Berkeley, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate/trends ; Demography ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Mortality/trends ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Uncertainty ; United Nations
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bruskotter, Jeremy T -- Enzler, Sherry A -- Treves, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1828-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. bruskotter.9@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Endangered Species/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Politics ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; *Wolves
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-29
    Description: The study of natural gradients in nutrient subsidies between ecosystems allows for predictions of how changes in one system can affect biodiversity in another. We performed a large-scale empirical test of the role of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in structuring riparian plant communities. A comparison of 50 watersheds in the remote Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia's central coast in Canada shows that salmon influence nutrient loading to plants,shifting plant communities toward nutrient-rich species, which in turn decreases plant diversity.These effects are mediated by interactions between salmon density and the physical characteristics of watersheds. Predicting how salmon affect terrestrial ecosystems is central to conservation plans that aim to better integrate ecosystem values into resource management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hocking, Morgan D -- Reynolds, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth2Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. mhocking@sfu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21442794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis ; *Oncorhynchus/physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; Trees
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-01-15
    Description: Long-term population viability of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is threatened by unusually high levels of mortality as they swim to their spawning areas before they spawn. Functional genomic studies on biopsied gill tissue from tagged wild adults that were tracked through ocean and river environments revealed physiological profiles predictive of successful migration and spawning. We identified a common genomic profile that was correlated with survival in each study. In ocean-tagged fish, a mortality-related genomic signature was associated with a 13.5-fold greater chance of dying en route. In river-tagged fish, the same genomic signature was associated with a 50% increase in mortality before reaching the spawning grounds in one of three stocks tested. At the spawning grounds, the same signature was associated with 3.7-fold greater odds of dying without spawning. Functional analysis raises the possibility that the mortality-related signature reflects a viral infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Kristina M -- Li, Shaorong -- Kaukinen, Karia H -- Ginther, Norma -- Hammill, Edd -- Curtis, Janelle M R -- Patterson, David A -- Sierocinski, Thomas -- Donnison, Louise -- Pavlidis, Paul -- Hinch, Scott G -- Hruska, Kimberly A -- Cooke, Steven J -- English, Karl K -- Farrell, Anthony P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1196901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics Section, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. kristi.miller@dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Canada ; Female ; Fish Diseases/genetics/immunology/mortality ; *Gene Expression ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome ; Gills ; Male ; Mortality ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Remote Sensing Technology ; *Reproduction ; Rivers ; Salmon/*genetics/*physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; Survival Analysis ; Virus Diseases/genetics/immunology/mortality/veterinary
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Climate change-induced increases in summer water temperature have been associated with elevated mortality of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during river migration. We show that cardiorespiratory physiology varies at the population level among Fraser River sockeye salmon and relates to historical environmental conditions encountered while migrating. Fish from populations with more challenging migratory environments have greater aerobic scope, larger hearts, and better coronary supply. Furthermore, thermal optima for aerobic, cardiac, and heart rate scopes are consistent with the historic river temperature ranges for each population. This study suggests that physiological adaptation occurs at a very local scale, with population-specific thermal limits being set by physiological limitations in aerobic performance, possibly due to cardiac collapse at high temperatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eliason, Erika J -- Clark, Timothy D -- Hague, Merran J -- Hanson, Linda M -- Gallagher, Zoe S -- Jeffries, Ken M -- Gale, Marika K -- Patterson, David A -- Hinch, Scott G -- Farrell, Anthony P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):109-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1199158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4. eliason@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Climate Change ; Heart/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Salmon/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; *Temperature
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):390. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6016.390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; *Hylobates/genetics/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, I-Ching -- Hill, Jane K -- Ohlemuller, Ralf -- Roy, David B -- Thomas, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1024-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1206432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):274-6. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6015.274.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; *Feeding Behavior ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Swimming ; *Whale, Killer ; *Whales
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Population subgroups of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have not been comprehensively characterized owing to the lack of unbiased sampling methods. In the arid savanna zone of West Africa, where potential oviposition sites are scarce, widespread collection from larval pools in the peridomestic human habitat yielded a comprehensive genetic survey of local A. gambiae population subgroups, independent of adult resting behavior and ecological preference. A previously unknown subgroup of exophilic A. gambiae is sympatric with the known endophilic A. gambiae in this region. The exophilic subgroup is abundant, lacks differentiation into M and S molecular forms, and is highly susceptible to infection with wild Plasmodium falciparum. These findings might have implications for the epidemiology of malaria transmission and control.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065189/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065189/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riehle, Michelle M -- Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M -- Gneme, Awa -- Eiglmeier, Karin -- Holm, Inge -- Bischoff, Emmanuel -- Garnier, Thierry -- Snyder, Gregory M -- Li, Xuanzhong -- Markianos, Kyriacos -- Sagnon, N'Fale -- Vernick, Kenneth D -- AI042361/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI073685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042361/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042361-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073685/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073685-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):596-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1196759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/classification/*genetics/*parasitology/physiology ; Bayes Theorem ; Burkina Faso/epidemiology ; Genotype ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Housing ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/*parasitology/physiology ; Larva/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mosquito Control ; Plasmodium falciparum/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conde, D A -- Flesness, N -- Colchero, F -- Jones, O R -- Scheuerlein, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1390-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1200674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. conde@demogr.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Zoo ; *Biodiversity ; Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; International Cooperation ; Policy ; Population Dynamics
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Environmental change has been observed to generate simultaneous responses in population dynamics, life history, gene frequencies, and morphology in a number of species. But how common are such eco-evolutionary responses to environmental change likely to be? Are they inevitable, or do they require a specific type of change? Can we accurately predict eco-evolutionary responses? We address these questions using theory and data from the study of Yellowstone wolves. We show that environmental change is expected to generate eco-evolutionary change, that changes in the average environment will affect wolves to a greater extent than changes in how variable it is, and that accurate prediction of the consequences of environmental change will probably prove elusive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coulson, Tim -- MacNulty, Daniel R -- Stahler, Daniel R -- vonHoldt, Bridgett -- Wayne, Robert K -- Smith, Douglas W -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1209441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. t.coulson@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Fitness ; Genotype ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Survival ; *Wolves/genetics/physiology
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collette, B B -- Carpenter, K E -- Polidoro, B A -- Juan-Jorda, M J -- Boustany, A -- Die, D J -- Elfes, C -- Fox, W -- Graves, J -- Harrison, L R -- McManus, R -- Minte-Vera, C V -- Nelson, R -- Restrepo, V -- Schratwieser, J -- Sun, C-L -- Amorim, A -- Brick Peres, M -- Canales, C -- Cardenas, G -- Chang, S-K -- Chiang, W-C -- de Oliveira Leite, N Jr -- Harwell, H -- Lessa, R -- Fredou, F L -- Oxenford, H A -- Serra, R -- Shao, K-T -- Sumaila, R -- Wang, S-P -- Watson, R -- Yanez, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):291-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1208730. Epub 2011 Jul 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA. collettb@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Endangered Species/statistics & numerical data ; Fisheries ; *Perciformes/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seafood/economics ; *Tuna/physiology
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergstrom, Bradley J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1092. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6046.1092-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endangered Species/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Politics ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Wolves ; Wyoming
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grunbaum, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1514-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1208445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7940, USA. grunbaum@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Locomotion ; Models, Biological ; Plankton ; Population Dynamics
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-12-24
    Description: Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird breeding success. We identified a threshold in prey (fish and krill, termed "forage fish") abundance below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity. This response was common to all seven ecosystems and 14 bird species examined within the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The threshold approximated one-third of the maximum prey biomass observed in long-term studies. This provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cury, Philippe M -- Boyd, Ian L -- Bonhommeau, Sylvain -- Anker-Nilssen, Tycho -- Crawford, Robert J M -- Furness, Robert W -- Mills, James A -- Murphy, Eugene J -- Osterblom, Henrik -- Paleczny, Michelle -- Piatt, John F -- Roux, Jean-Paul -- Shannon, Lynne -- Sydeman, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1703-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1212928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, UMR EME-212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Mediterraneenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, Sete Cedex, France. philippe.cury@ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Birds/*physiology ; Charadriiformes/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Food ; Food Chain ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Seawater ; Statistics, Nonparametric
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjorndal, Karen A -- Bowen, Brian W -- Chaloupka, Milani -- Crowder, Larry B -- Heppell, Selina S -- Jones, Cynthia M -- Lutcavage, Molly E -- Policansky, David -- Solow, Andrew R -- Witherington, Blair E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):537-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1199935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bjorndal@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; Information Dissemination ; Life Cycle Stages ; *Petroleum ; Policy ; Population Dynamics ; Research ; Turtles/physiology ; United States
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description: The world is currently in the midst of the greatest demographic upheaval in human history. Dramatic reductions in mortality, followed (but with a lag) by equally marked reductions in fertility, resulted in a doubling of world population between 1960 and 2000. A further increase of 2 to 4.5 billion is projected for the current half-century, with the increase concentrated in the world's least developed countries. Despite alarmist predictions, historical increases in population have not been economically catastrophic. Moreover, changes in population age structure have opened the door to increased prosperity. Demographic changes have had and will continue to have profound repercussions for human well-being and progress, with some possibilities for mediating those repercussions through policy intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, David E -- P30AG024409/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):562-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dbloom@hsph.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21798935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Economic Development ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Mortality ; *Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Climate change can affect organisms both directly via physiological stress and indirectly via changing relationships among species. However, we do not fully understand how changing interspecific relationships contribute to community- and ecosystem-level responses to environmental forcing. I used experiments and spatial and temporal comparisons to demonstrate that warming substantially reduces predator-free space on rocky shores. The vertical extent of mussel beds decreased by 51% in 52 years, and reproductive populations of mussels disappeared at several sites. Prey species were able to occupy a hot, extralimital site if predation pressure was experimentally reduced, and local species richness more than doubled as a result. These results suggest that anthropogenic climate change can alter interspecific interactions and produce unexpected changes in species distributions, community structure, and diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harley, Christopher D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada. harley@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Bivalvia ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Starfish ; Temperature ; Thoracica
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Driscoll, Carlos A -- Luo, Shujin -- MacDonald, David -- Dinerstein, Eric -- Chestin, Igor -- Pereladova, Olga -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.822-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia, Central ; *Ecosystem ; Kazakhstan ; Population Dynamics ; *Tigers
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):806-7. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5967.806.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; *Murinae ; *Oryza/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; *Rats/physiology ; *Rodent Control ; Sasa/growth & development
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1474. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6010.1474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; Female ; *Fisheries ; Maryland ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Virginia
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1156-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1194924.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. crmarshall@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Invertebrates ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilg, Olivier -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):276-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1184964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. olivier.gilg@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Nesting Behavior ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):505-7. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5991.505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Eels/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Europe ; Fisheries ; Politics ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):634-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉EcoHealth Alliance (formerly Wildlife Trust), 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY 10001, USA. daszak@wildlifetrust.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Chiroptera/microbiology/virology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary ; Dermatomycoses/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Disease Susceptibility ; Extinction, Biological ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Population Surveillance ; RNA Virus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Rabies/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Species Specificity ; Syndrome
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brantingham, P Jeffrey -- Rhode, David -- Madsen, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1467; author reply 1467-8. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5998.1467-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/*genetics ; *Altitude ; Archaeology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Tibet
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):633. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.633-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bufonidae/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Genetic Speciation ; Population Dynamics ; South America
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2010-10-28
    Description: Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution shifts, as well as comparing model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pereira, Henrique M -- Leadley, Paul W -- Proenca, Vania -- Alkemade, Rob -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Fernandez-Manjarres, Juan F -- Araujo, Miguel B -- Balvanera, Patricia -- Biggs, Reinette -- Cheung, William W L -- Chini, Louise -- Cooper, H David -- Gilman, Eric L -- Guenette, Sylvie -- Hurtt, George C -- Huntington, Henry P -- Mace, Georgina M -- Oberdorff, Thierry -- Revenga, Carmen -- Rodrigues, Patricia -- Scholes, Robert J -- Sumaila, Ussif Rashid -- Walpole, Matt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1496-501. doi: 10.1126/science.1196624. Epub 2010 Oct 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. hpereira@fc.ul.pt〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978282" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Policy ; Population Dynamics
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasser, Samuel -- Poole, Joyce -- Lee, Phyllis -- Lindsay, Keith -- Dobson, Andrew -- Hart, John -- Douglas-Hamilton, Iain -- Wittemyer, George -- Granli, Petter -- Morgan, Bethan -- Gunn, Jody -- Alberts, Susan -- Beyers, Rene -- Chiyo, Patrick -- Croze, Harvey -- Estes, Richard -- Gobush, Kathleen -- Joram, Ponjoli -- Kikoti, Alfred -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- King, Lucy -- Macdonald, David -- Moss, Cynthia -- Mutayoba, Benezeth -- Njumbi, Steve -- Omondi, Patrick -- Nowak, Katarzyna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1331-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1187811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wassers@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crime ; *Ecosystem ; *Elephants ; *Endangered Species ; International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; Tanzania ; Trees ; Zambia
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):26-7. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5974.26-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Endangered Species ; Fisheries ; International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; *Sharks ; *Tuna
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Barton et al. (Reports, 19 March 2010, p. 1509) argued that stable conditions enable neutral coexistence of many phytoplankton species in the tropical oceans, whereas seasonal variation causes low biodiversity in subpolar oceans. However, their model prediction is not robust. A minor deviation from the neutrality assumption favors coexistence in fluctuating rather than stable environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huisman, Jef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):512; author reply 512. doi: 10.1126/science.1189880.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Post Office Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. j.huisman@uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Transgenic maize engineered to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has become widely adopted in U.S. agriculture. In 2009, Bt maize was planted on more than 22.2 million hectares, constituting 63% of the U.S. crop. Using statistical analysis of per capita growth rate estimates, we found that areawide suppression of the primary pest Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) is associated with Bt maize use. Cumulative benefits over 14 years are an estimated $3.2 billion for maize growers in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, with more than $2.4 billion of this total accruing to non-Bt maize growers. Comparable estimates for Iowa and Nebraska are $3.6 billion in total, with $1.9 billion for non-Bt maize growers. These results affirm theoretical predictions of pest population suppression and highlight economic incentives for growers to maintain non-Bt maize refugia for sustainable insect resistance management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hutchison, W D -- Burkness, E C -- Mitchell, P D -- Moon, R D -- Leslie, T W -- Fleischer, S J -- Abrahamson, M -- Hamilton, K L -- Steffey, K L -- Gray, M E -- Hellmich, R L -- Kaster, L V -- Hunt, T E -- Wright, R J -- Pecinovsky, K -- Rabaey, T L -- Flood, B R -- Raun, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. hutch002@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*economics/growth & development ; Endotoxins/*genetics ; Hemolysin Proteins/*genetics ; Insecticide Resistance ; Midwestern United States ; *Moths/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological/economics/methods ; Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Zea mays/*genetics/growth & development
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1458-61. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5998.1458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate ; Child ; China ; *Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child ; *Population Control ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):512-3. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5965.512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: The continued growth of human populations and of per capita consumption have resulted in unsustainable exploitation of Earth's biological diversity, exacerbated by climate change, ocean acidification, and other anthropogenic environmental impacts. We argue that effective conservation of biodiversity is essential for human survival and the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Despite some conservation successes (especially at local scales) and increasing public and government interest in living sustainably, biodiversity continues to decline. Moving beyond 2010, successful conservation approaches need to be reinforced and adequately financed. In addition, however, more radical changes are required that recognize biodiversity as a global public good, that integrate biodiversity conservation into policies and decision frameworks for resource production and consumption, and that focus on wider institutional and societal changes to enable more effective implementation of policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rands, Michael R W -- Adams, William M -- Bennun, Leon -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- Clements, Andrew -- Coomes, David -- Entwistle, Abigail -- Hodge, Ian -- Kapos, Valerie -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Sutherland, William J -- Vira, Bhaskar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1298-303. doi: 10.1126/science.1189138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK. mr494@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Decision Making ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):378. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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