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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Several studies have documented fish populations changing in response to long-term warming. Over the past decade, sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine increased faster than 99% of the global ocean. The warming, which was related to a northward shift in the Gulf Stream and to changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, led to reduced recruitment and increased mortality in the region's Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock. Failure to recognize the impact of warming on cod contributed to overfishing. Recovery of this fishery depends on sound management, but the size of the stock depends on future temperature conditions. The experience in the Gulf of Maine highlights the need to incorporate environmental factors into resource management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pershing, Andrew J -- Alexander, Michael A -- Hernandez, Christina M -- Kerr, Lisa A -- Le Bris, Arnault -- Mills, Katherine E -- Nye, Janet A -- Record, Nicholas R -- Scannell, Hillary A -- Scott, James D -- Sherwood, Graham D -- Thomas, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):809-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9819. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. apershing@gmri.org. ; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. ; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. ; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA. ; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. ; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Fisheries ; Gadus morhua/*physiology ; *Global Warming ; Hot Temperature ; Maine ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Palmer et al and Swain et al suggest that our "extra mortality" time series is spurious. In response, we show that including temperature-dependent mortality improves abundance estimates and that warming waters reduce growth rates in Gulf of Maine cod. Far from being spurious, temperature effects on this stock are clear, and continuing to ignore them puts the stock in jeopardy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pershing, Andrew J -- Alexander, Michael A -- Hernandez, Christina M -- Kerr, Lisa A -- Le Bris, Arnault -- Mills, Katherine E -- Nye, Janet A -- Record, Nicholas R -- Scannell, Hillary A -- Scott, James D -- Sherwood, Graham D -- Thomas, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):423. doi: 10.1126/science.aae0463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. apershing@gmri.org. ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. ; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 86 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101, USA. ; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA. ; University of Washington School of Oceanography, 1503 Northeast Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. ; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Fisheries ; Gadus morhua/*physiology ; *Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: Preserving larger fish is often advocated as a conservation measure to help fish populations buffer environmental variation and fishing pressure. The rationale is that several size- and age-dependent reproductive traits confer a higher reproductive value to larger fish. The effects of variation in these reproductive traits on the dynamics of populations under various fishing patterns are however seldom evaluated. In this study, we develop a simulation model to evaluate how variation in three reproductive traits (fecundity–mass, hatching probability, and batch spawning) impacts the capacity of a fish population to withstand and recover from high fishing pressure. Biological functions of the model were calibrated based on the Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod stock, which is currently experiencing its lowest biomass level ever estimated. Results showed that variation in the shape of the fecundity–mass relationship had the most substantial impact on population resistance and recovery. Batch spawning and variation in hatching probability had limited impacts. Furthermore, results showed that preserving larger fish by imposing a slot fishery increased the resistance of the population to high fishing pressure, because it helped preserve the population reproductive potential determined by the high fecundity of large fish. The slot fishery, however, impeded population recovery, because it distributed the fishing pressure on intermediate-size classes which potential for biomass growth is maximal. This study underlines the importance of using precise size-dependent fecundity estimates when evaluating the productivity and sustainability of fisheries, as well as the importance of identifying priority among the components of population resilience (e.g. resistance or recovery) before implementing size-selective harvest strategies.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1963-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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