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  • United States  (276)
  • Models, Molecular  (99)
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured  (85)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (459)
  • 1995-1999  (459)
  • 1999  (247)
  • 1997  (212)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (459)
  • Springer  (6)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (459)
Year
  • 1
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    Lead regulation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1825-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Lead/adverse effects ; Lead Poisoning/*prevention & control ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Freedom of information requests (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gough, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/adverse effects ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/adverse effects ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Defoliants, Chemical ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Public Policy ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research Support as Topic ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/adverse effects ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Postdoctoral patterns, career advancement, and problems (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Postdoctoral appointments can have different functions and meanings, depending on the field and whether the postdoc is a man or a woman. The Ph.D.'s-Ten Years Later study confirmed that in biochemistry, the postdoc, not the Ph.D., has become the general proving ground for excellence both in academia and industry. Because they spent a longer time in these "mandatory" postdocs, biochemists had the largest proportion of untenured faculty 10 to 13 years after the Ph. D. In mathematics, where substantially fewer postdoctoral positions are available, Ph.D.'s taking postdocs are more likely to obtain faculty positions, but this is true only for men. University administrators should be accountable for monitoring the total time spent in these positions and should provide administrative assistance for skills training, career growth, and the job search. In addition, creative solutions concerning the dual-career couple phenomenon are necessary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerad, M -- Cerny, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1533-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Division, University of California, Berkeley, 424 Sproul Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-5900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biochemistry/education ; *Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Faculty ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Societies, Scientific ; Time Factors ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Beefed-up NIH center probes unconventional therapies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2175-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9890822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Cartilage ; *Complementary Therapies/economics/organization & administration ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; Tissue Extracts/therapeutic use ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The man who would spin genes into gold (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/history ; Genetics, Medical/history ; Genome, Human ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Need for neutron diffraction instruments (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langan, P -- Schoenborn, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography/*instrumentation ; *Neutrons ; Proteins/*chemistry ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Evolution of a protein fold in vitro (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: A "switch" mutant of the Arc repressor homodimer was constructed by interchanging the sequence positions of a hydrophobic core residue, leucine 12, and an adjacent surface polar residue, asparagine 11, in each strand of an intersubunit beta sheet. The mutant protein adopts a fold in which each beta strand is replaced by a right-handed helix and side chains in this region undergo significant repacking. The observed structural changes allow the protein to maintain solvent exposure of polar side chains and optimal burial of hydrophobic side chains. These results suggest that new protein folds can evolve from existing folds without drastic or large-scale mutagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cordes, M H -- Walsh, N P -- McKnight, C J -- Sauer, R T -- AI-15706/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Asparagine/chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Leucine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry ; Viral Proteins/*chemistry ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Drug development in space? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laver, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallization ; Neuraminidase/*chemistry ; *Space Flight ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; *Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Crystal structure of invasin: a bacterial integrin-binding protein (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamburger, Z A -- Brown, M S -- Isberg, R R -- Bjorkman, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):291-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adhesins, Bacterial ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibronectins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Integrins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    From mice to maize (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, C -- Erbisch, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):33-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biotechnology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Patents as Topic ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Ethical dilemmas and stem cell research (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shapiro, H T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Bioethical Issues ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Ethics Committees ; Financing, Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Private Sector ; *Public Policy ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-1999) (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colvin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1480.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. colvi003@mc.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/history ; Drug Design ; History, 20th Century ; Nobel Prize ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Uncontrolled release of harmful microorganisms (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Av-Gay, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*genetics/pathogenicity ; *Biotechnology ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Engineering ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; United States ; Viruses/*genetics/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Perspectives: protein structure. Class-conscious TCR? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Nutraceuticals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, M -- Hazard-Daniel, A -- Daniel, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Chaperonin function: folding by forced unfolding (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: The ability of the GroEL chaperonin to unfold a protein trapped in a misfolded condition was detected and studied by hydrogen exchange. The GroEL-induced unfolding of its substrate protein is only partial, requires the complete chaperonin system, and is accomplished within the 13 seconds required for a single system turnover. The binding of nucleoside triphosphate provides the energy for a single unfolding event; multiple turnovers require adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. The substrate protein is released on each turnover even if it has not yet refolded to the native state. These results suggest that GroEL helps partly folded but blocked proteins to fold by causing them first to partially unfold. The structure of GroEL seems well suited to generate the nonspecific mechanical stretching force required for forceful protein unfolding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shtilerman, M -- Lorimer, G H -- Englander, S W -- GM31847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):822-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Chaperonin 10/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Chaperonin 60/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology ; Hydrogen/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    CD3- and CD28-dependent induction of PDE7 required for T cell activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Costimulation of both the CD3 and CD28 receptors is essential for T cell activation. Induction of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase-7 (PDE7) was found to be a consequence of such costimulation. Increased PDE7 in T cells correlated with decreased cAMP, increased interleukin-2 expression, and increased proliferation. Selectively reducing PDE7 expression with a PDE7 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited T cell proliferation; inhibition was reversed by blocking the cAMP signaling pathways that operate through cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Thus, PDE7 induction and consequent suppression of PKA activity is required for T cell activation, and inhibition of PDE7 could be an approach to treating T cell-dependent disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, L -- Yee, C -- Beavo, J A -- DK21723/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Box 357280, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Antibodies ; Antigens, CD28/immunology/*physiology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7 ; Enzyme Induction ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Isoenzymes/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes/*enzymology/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Many immune receptors are composed of separate ligand-binding and signal-transducing subunits. In natural killer (NK) and T cells, DAP10 was identified as a cell surface adaptor protein in an activating receptor complex with NKG2D, a receptor for the stress-inducible and tumor-associated major histocompatibility complex molecule MICA. Within the DAP10 cytoplasmic domain, an Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-binding site was capable of recruiting the p85 subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), providing for NKG2D-dependent signal transduction. Thus, NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes may activate NK and T cell responses against MICA-bearing tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, J -- Song, Y -- Bakker, A B -- Bauer, S -- Spies, T -- Lanier, L L -- Phillips, J H -- AI30581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNAX Research Institute, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; src Homology Domains
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  • 19
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    Antiangiogenic activity of the cleaved conformation of the serpin antithrombin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: Antithrombin, a member of the serpin family, functions as an inhibitor of thrombin and other enzymes. Cleavage of the carboxyl-terminal loop of antithrombin induces a conformational change in the molecule. Here it is shown that the cleaved conformation of antithrombin has potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in mouse models. The latent form of intact antithrombin, which is similar in conformation to the cleaved molecule, also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. These data provide further evidence that the clotting and fibrinolytic pathways are directly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Reilly, M S -- Pirie-Shepherd, S -- Lane, W S -- Folkman, J -- P01-CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA64481/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Departments of Surgery and Cellular Biology, Harvard Microchemistry Facility, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. oreilly@hub.tch.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Antithrombins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood supply/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NIH scientist to head IVI institute in Korea (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):410.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration ; Developing Countries ; History, 20th Century ; *Immunization Programs ; Korea ; United Nations ; United States ; *Vaccines ; World Health Organization
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    Efficient persistence of extrachromosomal KSHV DNA mediated by latency-associated nuclear antigen (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells harbor Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) episomes and express a KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In PEL cells, LANA and KSHV DNA colocalized in dots in interphase nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. In the absence of KSHV DNA, LANA was diffusely distributed in the nucleus or on mitotic chromosomes. In lymphoblasts, LANA was necessary and sufficient for the persistence of episomes containing a specific KSHV DNA fragment. Furthermore, LANA colocalized with the artificial KSHV DNA episomes in nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. These results support a model in which LANA tethers KSHV DNA to chromosomes during mitosis to enable the efficient segregation of KSHV episomes to progeny cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ballestas, M E -- Chatis, P A -- Kaye, K M -- CA67380-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):641-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Chromosomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cosmids ; DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; Herpesvirus 8, Human/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Interphase ; Lymphocytes/chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; *Mitosis ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; *Plasmids ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 22
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    Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: In the absence of disease, the vasculature of the mammalian eye is quiescent, in part because of the action of angiogenic inhibitors that prevent vessels from invading the cornea and vitreous. Here, an inhibitor responsible for the avascularity of these ocular compartments is identified as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a protein previously shown to have neurotrophic activity. The amount of inhibitory PEDF produced by retinal cells was positively correlated with oxygen concentrations, suggesting that its loss plays a permissive role in ischemia-driven retinal neovascularization. These results suggest that PEDF may be of therapeutic use, especially in retinopathies where pathological neovascularization compromises vision and leads to blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, D W -- Volpert, O V -- Gillis, P -- Crawford, S E -- Xu, H -- Benedict, W -- Bouck, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Department of Pathology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies/immunology ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemotaxis/drug effects ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Eye/blood supply ; *Eye Proteins ; Humans ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*drug effects ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Oxygen/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/*metabolism/pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization/*drug therapy ; Retinal Vessels/growth & development ; Serpins/genetics/immunology/*pharmacology/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Evolution of shape complementarity and catalytic efficiency from a primordial antibody template (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The crystal structure of an efficient Diels-Alder antibody catalyst at 1.9 angstrom resolution reveals almost perfect shape complementarity with its transition state analog. Comparison with highly related progesterone and Diels-Alderase antibodies that arose from the same primordial germ line template shows the relatively subtle mutational steps that were able to evolve both structural complementarity and catalytic efficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, J -- Deng, Q -- Chen, J -- Houk, K N -- Bartek, J -- Hilvert, D -- Wilson, I A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2345-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Haptens/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Progesterone/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Solubility ; Temperature ; Templates, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Insights into editing from an ile-tRNA synthetase structure with tRNAile and mupirocin (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: Isoleucyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (IleRS) joins Ile to tRNA(Ile) at its synthetic active site and hydrolyzes incorrectly acylated amino acids at its editing active site. The 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus IleRS complexed with tRNA(Ile) and Mupirocin shows the acceptor strand of the tRNA(Ile) in the continuously stacked, A-form conformation with the 3' terminal nucleotide in the editing active site. To position the 3' terminus in the synthetic active site, the acceptor strand must adopt the hairpinned conformation seen in tRNA(Gln) complexed with its synthetase. The amino acid editing activity of the IleRS may result from the incorrect products shuttling between the synthetic and editing active sites, which is reminiscent of the editing mechanism of DNA polymerases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvian, L F -- Wang, J -- Steitz, T A -- GM22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1074-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics, Yale University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10446055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Glutamate-tRNA Ligase/chemistry/metabolism ; Isoleucine/metabolism ; Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mupirocin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Ile/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Substrate Specificity
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    The courts--a challenge to health technology assessment (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hemminki, E -- Hailey, D -- Koivusalo, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):203-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland. elina.hemminki@stakes.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Canada ; Commerce ; Contraceptive Agents, Female ; Drug Approval ; Finland ; International Cooperation ; Jurisprudence ; Levonorgestrel ; Publishing ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 26
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    The looming threat of bioterrorism (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-26
    Description: Biological weapons have recently attracted the attention and the resources of the nation. Discerning the nature of the threat of bioweapons as well as appropriate responses to them requires greater attention to the biological characteristics of these instruments of war and terror. The dominant paradigm of a weapon as a nuclear device that explodes or a chemical cloud that is set adrift leaves us ill-equipped conceptually and practically to assess and thus to prevent the potentially devastating effects of bioterrorism. Strengthening the public health and infectious disease infrastructure is an effective step toward averting the suffering that could be wrought by a terrorist's use of a biological agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henderson, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Suite 850, Candler Building, 111 Market Place, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10037590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthrax/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy/transmission ; *Biological Warfare/prevention & control ; Disaster Planning ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; *Public Health ; Smallpox/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy/transmission ; United States ; Vaccination ; *Violence/prevention & control
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  • 27
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    Threat to U.S. mouse colonies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipman, N S -- Nguyen, H -- Perkins, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10366341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/virology ; Blood/*virology ; China ; *Ectromelia virus ; Ectromelia, Infectious/epidemiology/*transmission ; Mice/*virology ; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology/*transmission ; United States
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  • 28
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    Crystallographic evidence for preformed dimers of erythropoietin receptor before ligand activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-12
    Description: Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is thought to be activated by ligand-induced homodimerization. However, structures of agonist and antagonist peptide complexes of EPOR, as well as an EPO-EPOR complex, have shown that the actual dimer configuration is critical for the biological response and signal efficiency. The crystal structure of the extracellular domain of EPOR in its unliganded form at 2.4 angstrom resolution has revealed a dimer in which the individual membrane-spanning and intracellular domains would be too far apart to permit phosphorylation by JAK2. This unliganded EPOR dimer is formed from self-association of the same key binding site residues that interact with EPO-mimetic peptide and EPO ligands. This model for a preformed dimer on the cell surface provides insights into the organization, activation, and plasticity of recognition of hematopoietic cell surface receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Livnah, O -- Stura, E A -- Middleton, S A -- Johnson, D L -- Jolliffe, L K -- Wilson, I A -- GM49497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):987-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9974392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Erythropoietin/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/metabolism ; Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 29
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    Effects of medical research on health care and economy (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pardes, H -- Manton, K G -- Lander, E S -- Tolley, H D -- Ullian, A D -- Palmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):36-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. hp2@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Biotechnology/economics ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Disabled Persons ; Drug Industry ; *Economics, Medical ; *Health Care Costs ; Health Status ; Humans ; Longevity ; *Research ; United States
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  • 30
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    Scientific cross-claims fly in continuing beef war (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1453, 1455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Carcinogens/*analysis ; Cattle ; Drug Residues/adverse effects/*analysis ; Estradiol/adverse effects/*analysis ; European Union ; *Food Contamination ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/adverse effects/*analysis ; Humans ; Meat/adverse effects/*analysis ; Mutagens/analysis ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Structure of the VHL-ElonginC-ElonginB complex: implications for VHL tumor suppressor function (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-16
    Description: Mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor is associated with the inherited von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) cancer syndrome and the majority of kidney cancers. VHL binds the ElonginC-ElonginB complex and regulates levels of hypoxia-inducible proteins. The structure of the ternary complex at 2.7 angstrom resolution shows two interfaces, one between VHL and ElonginC and another between ElonginC and ElonginB. Tumorigenic mutations frequently occur in a 35-residue domain of VHL responsible for ElonginC binding. A mutational patch on a separate domain of VHL indicates a second macromolecular binding site. The structure extends the similarities to the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) complex that targets proteins for degradation, supporting the hypothesis that VHL may function in an analogous pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stebbins, C E -- Kaelin, W G Jr -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):455-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Ligases ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; Surface Properties ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space-grown neuraminidase crystals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLucas, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cryopreservation ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Drug Industry ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; *Weightlessness
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    Molecular architecture of the rotary motor in ATP synthase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase contains a rotary motor involved in biological energy conversion. Its membrane-embedded F0 sector has a rotation generator fueled by the proton-motive force, which provides the energy required for the synthesis of ATP by the F1 domain. An electron density map obtained from crystals of a subcomplex of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase shows a ring of 10 c subunits. Each c subunit forms an alpha-helical hairpin. The interhelical loops of six to seven of the c subunits are in close contact with the gamma and delta subunits of the central stalk. The extensive contact between the c ring and the stalk suggests that they may rotate as an ensemble during catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stock, D -- Leslie, A G -- Walker, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1700-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton-Motive Force ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
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    Redesigning evolution? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovins, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1489-91; author reply 1492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; *Food ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    X-ray crystallographic structure of the Norwalk virus capsid (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: Norwalk virus, a noncultivatable human calicivirus, is the major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans. The first x-ray structure of a calicivirus capsid, which consists of 180 copies of a single protein, has been determined by phase extension from a low-resolution electron microscopy structure. The capsid protein has a protruding (P) domain connected by a flexible hinge to a shell (S) domain that has a classical eight-stranded beta-sandwich motif. The structure of the P domain is unlike that of any other viral protein with a subdomain exhibiting a fold similar to that of the second domain in the eukaryotic translation elongation factor-Tu. This subdomain, located at the exterior of the capsid, has the largest sequence variation among Norwalk-like human caliciviruses and is likely to contain the determinants of strain specificity and cell binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prasad, B V -- Hardy, M E -- Dokland, T -- Bella, J -- Rossmann, M G -- Estes, M K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):287-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. bprasad@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Norwalk virus/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Virus Assembly
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    The mammalian gene collection (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project is a new effort by the NIH to generate full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) resources. This project will provide publicly accessible resources to the full research community. The MGC project entails the production of libraries, sequencing, and database and repository development, as well as the support of library construction, sequencing, and analytic technologies dedicated to the goal of obtaining a full set of human and other mammalian full-length (open reading frame) sequences and clones of expressed genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strausberg, R L -- Feingold, E A -- Klausner, R D -- Collins, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Databases, Factual ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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    Chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Systematic chemical studies indicate that the capability of Watson-Crick base-pairing is widespread among potentially natural nucleic acid alternatives taken from RNA's close structural neighborhood. A comparison of RNA and such alternatives with regard to chemical properties that are fundamental to the biological function of RNA provides chemical facts that may contain clues to RNA's origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eschenmoser, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2118-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Pairing ; DNA/chemistry ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Isomerism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotides/*chemistry ; RNA/*chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Templates, Genetic
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    AIDS researchers blast NIH peer review plan (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research ; United States
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    Just a minute, please (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Societies, Scientific/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Tuskegee as a metaphor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowman, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):47; author reply 49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*history ; Alabama ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Ethics, Medical/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Human Experimentation/*history ; Humans ; Metaphor ; *Persons ; Pregnant Women ; Syphilis/*history ; United States ; United States Public Health Service ; *Vulnerable Populations ; Withholding Treatment
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  • 41
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    Tuskegee as a metaphor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lurie, P -- Wolfe, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):47-8; author reply 49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Ethics, Medical ; HIV Infections/prevention & control/transmission ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Metaphor ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Syphilis ; United States ; United States Public Health Service ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Assessing the decade of the brain (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, E G -- Mendell, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10336393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Brain ; Humans ; *Neurosciences/economics/manpower ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Senate tops house panel in raising NIH's budget (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):19, 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Library-society alliance puts bio journals online (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2063, 2065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Internet ; *Libraries ; *Periodicals as Topic/economics ; *Publishing/economics ; *Societies, Scientific/economics ; United States
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    Misconduct. Fraud finding triggers payback demand (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10484725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects ; Financing, Government ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    NIH urged to fund centers to merge computing and biology (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10391783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Budgets ; *Computational Biology/economics/manpower ; *Databases, Factual ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; Software ; United States ; Universities
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    NRC pulled into radiation risk brawl (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):177-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; *Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Injuries/*etiology ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; United States
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    Structural basis of Smad2 recognition by the Smad anchor for receptor activation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: The Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling from the transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases to the nucleus. The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptors for phosphorylation. The crystal structure of a Smad2 MH2 domain in complex with the Smad-binding domain (SBD) of SARA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. SARA SBD, in an extended conformation comprising a rigid coil, an alpha helix, and a beta strand, interacts with the beta sheet and the three-helix bundle of Smad2. Recognition between the SARA rigid coil and the Smad2 beta sheet is essential for specificity, whereas interactions between the SARA beta strand and the Smad2 three-helix bundle contribute significantly to binding affinity. Comparison of the structures between Smad2 and a comediator Smad suggests a model for how receptor-regulated Smads are recognized by the type I receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, G -- Chen, Y G -- Ozdamar, B -- Gyuricza, C A -- Chong, P A -- Wrana, J L -- Massague, J -- Shi, Y -- CA85171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):92-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activin Receptors, Type I ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Trans-Activators/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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    The rotary enzyme of the cell: the rotation of F1-ATPase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noji, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1844-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉"Genetic Programming" Team 13, Teikyo Unmiversity Biotechnology Center, Nogawa, Kawasaki, Japan. noji@phys.keio.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; *Awards and Prizes ; *Biochemistry/history ; Catalytic Domain ; History, 20th Century ; Japan ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protons ; Thermodynamics
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    Science over politics (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanza, R P -- Arrow, K J -- Axelrod, J -- Baltimore, D -- Benacerraf, B -- Bloch, K E -- Bloembergen, N -- Brown, H C -- Brown, M S -- Cibelli, J B -- Cohen, S -- Cooper, L N -- Corey, E J -- Dulbecco, R -- Fischer, E H -- Fitch, V L -- Friedmen, M -- Friedman, M -- Furchgott, R F -- Gell-Mann, M -- Glaser, D A -- Glashow, S L -- Gilbert, W -- Goldstein, J L -- Wilson, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 19;283(5409):1849-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; Biomedical Research ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Politics ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Risk Assessment ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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    Crystal structure of the ectodomain of human transferrin receptor (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: The transferrin receptor (TfR) undergoes multiple rounds of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and reemergence at the cell surface, importing iron-loaded transferrin (Tf) and recycling apotransferrin after discharge of iron in the endosome. The crystal structure of the dimeric ectodomain of the human TfR, determined here to 3.2 angstroms resolution, reveals a three-domain subunit. One domain closely resembles carboxy- and aminopeptidases, and features of membrane glutamate carboxypeptidase can be deduced from the TfR structure. A model is proposed for Tf binding to the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, C M -- Ray, S -- Babyonyshev, M -- Galluser, R -- Borhani, D W -- Harrison, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Hospital Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Carboxypeptidases/chemistry ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Conserved Sequence ; Cricetinae ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Ferric Compounds/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Transferrin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transferrin/metabolism
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    Research lab to surrender chimps (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lasley, E N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1649-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; New Mexico ; *Pan troglodytes ; Research ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Morphological clues from multilegged frogs: are retinoids to blame? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-30
    Description: Morphological analysis was performed on multilegged deformed frogs representing five species from 12 different localities in California, Oregon, Arizona, and New York. The pattern of duplicated limbs was consistent with mechanical perturbation by trematode infestation but not with the effects of retinoids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sessions, S K -- Franssen, R A -- Horner, V L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 30;284(5415):800-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA. sessionss@hartwick.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*abnormalities/*parasitology ; Forelimb/*abnormalities ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects ; Hindlimb/*abnormalities/parasitology ; Limb Buds/drug effects/metabolism ; Ranidae/abnormalities/parasitology ; Trematode Infections/parasitology/*veterinary ; Tretinoin/*toxicity ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dynamic control of CaMKII translocation and localization in hippocampal neurons by NMDA receptor stimulation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is thought to increase synaptic strength by phosphorylating postsynaptic density (PSD) ion channels and signaling proteins. It is shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor stimulation reversibly translocates green fluorescent protein-tagged CaMKII from an F-actin-bound to a PSD-bound state. The translocation time was controlled by the ratio of expressed beta-CaMKII to alpha-CaMKII isoforms. Although F-actin dissociation into the cytosol required autophosphorylation of or calcium-calmodulin binding to beta-CaMKII, PSD translocation required binding of calcium-calmodulin to either the alpha- or beta-CaMKII subunits. Autophosphorylation of CaMKII indirectly prolongs its PSD localization by increasing the calmodulin-binding affinity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, K -- Meyer, T -- GM-48113/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):162-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Box 3709, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Dendrites/*enzymology ; Electric Stimulation ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Hippocampus/cytology/*enzymology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/*enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Synapses/*enzymology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Alternatives to animals urged for producing antibodies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Rights ; *Animal Testing Alternatives ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*biosynthesis ; Ascites ; Culture Techniques ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Hybridomas ; Internationality ; *Mice/immunology ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionarily conserved pathways of energetic connectivity in protein families (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: For mapping energetic interactions in proteins, a technique was developed that uses evolutionary data for a protein family to measure statistical interactions between amino acid positions. For the PDZ domain family, this analysis predicted a set of energetically coupled positions for a binding site residue that includes unexpected long-range interactions. Mutational studies confirm these predictions, demonstrating that the statistical energy function is a good indicator of thermodynamic coupling in proteins. Sets of interacting residues form connected pathways through the protein fold that may be the basis for efficient energy conduction within proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockless, S W -- Ranganathan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):295-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Probability ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Statistics as Topic ; Thermodynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    NIH proposes rules for materials exchange (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; Intellectual Property ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; *Technology Transfer ; United States
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    Physician-scientists: staying alive (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perpich, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):591-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; *Education, Graduate ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; *Physicians ; *Research ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Structure of an E6AP-UbcH7 complex: insights into ubiquitination by the E2-E3 enzyme cascade (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: The E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) mediates the human papillomavirus-induced degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor in cervical cancer and is mutated in Angelman syndrome, a neurological disorder. The crystal structure of the catalytic hect domain of E6AP reveals a bilobal structure with a broad catalytic cleft at the junction of the two lobes. The cleft consists of conserved residues whose mutation interferes with ubiquitin-thioester bond formation and is the site of Angelman syndrome mutations. The crystal structure of the E6AP hect domain bound to the UbcH7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) reveals the determinants of E2-E3 specificity and provides insights into the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the E3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, L -- Kinnucan, E -- Wang, G -- Beaudenon, S -- Howley, P M -- Huibregtse, J M -- Pavletich, N P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1321-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angelman Syndrome/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Humans ; Ligases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Substrate Specificity ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PNAS to joint PubMed Central--on condition (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):655-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Internet ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; United States
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    Structural analysis of the mechanism of adenovirus binding to its human cellular receptor, CAR (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-24
    Description: Binding of virus particles to specific host cell surface receptors is known to be an obligatory step in infection even though the molecular basis for these interactions is not well characterized. The crystal structure of the adenovirus fiber knob domain in complex with domain I of its human cellular receptor, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), is presented here. Surface-exposed loops on knob contact one face of CAR, forming a high-affinity complex. Topology mismatches between interacting surfaces create interfacial solvent-filled cavities and channels that may be targets for antiviral drug therapy. The structure identifies key determinants of binding specificity, which may suggest ways to modify the tropism of adenovirus-based gene therapy vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bewley, M C -- Springer, K -- Zhang, Y B -- Freimuth, P -- Flanagan, J M -- 1P41 RR12408-01A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1579-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Capsid Proteins ; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
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    BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling in transfected cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 confer increased risk for breast, ovarian, and prostatic cancers, but it is not clear why the mutations are associated with these particular tumor types. In transient transfection assays, BRCA1 was found to inhibit signaling by the ligand-activated estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) through the estrogen-responsive enhancer element and to block the transcriptional activation function AF-2 of ER-alpha. These results raise the possibility that wild-type BRCA1 suppresses estrogen-dependent transcriptional pathways related to mammary epithelial cell proliferation and that loss of this ability contributes to tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, S -- Wang, J -- Yuan, R -- Ma, Y -- Meng, Q -- Erdos, M R -- Pestell, R G -- Yuan, F -- Auborn, K J -- Goldberg, I D -- Rosen, E M -- R01-CA75503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-ES09169/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1354-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, The Long Island Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*physiology ; Breast/cytology ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Cell Division ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Biomedical group lobbies NIH (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10447481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *International Cooperation ; Lobbying ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    New online tools for scholars: 3 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Databases, Factual ; *Internet ; Medline ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; *Online Systems ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; Signal Transduction ; United States
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    Scruples or squabbles? (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1207.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10484728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing/*organization & administration ; *Societies, Medical ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Shutdown of research at Duke sends a message (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10383299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers/*standards ; Bioethics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; North Carolina ; Professional Staff Committees ; Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    GM crops in the cross hairs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferber, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1662-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/toxicity ; *Bacterial Toxins ; *Biotechnology ; Butterflies/physiology ; Crops, Agricultural/adverse effects/*genetics ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Endotoxins/genetics/toxicity ; Food Hypersensitivity ; *Genetic Engineering ; Hemolysin Proteins ; Humans ; *Plants, Genetically Modified/adverse effects ; Pollen/genetics ; Public Opinion ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Legal fight over patents on life (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2067, 2069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chimera ; *Embryo, Mammalian ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes ; *Patents as Topic ; United States
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    Uses and abuses of Tuskegee (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fairchild, A L -- Bayer, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):919-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in the History of Public Health and Medicine, Division of Sociomedical Sciences, The Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-2625, USA. alf4@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10357678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/history ; Alabama ; Anonymous Testing ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developing Countries ; Disclosure ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control/*transmission ; *HIV Seroprevalence ; History, 20th Century ; *Human Experimentation/history ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Informed Consent/history ; Male ; *Needle-Exchange Programs ; *Persons ; Pregnant Women ; Syphilis/history ; *Trust ; United States ; *Vulnerable Populations ; Withholding Treatment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Varmus defends E-biomed proposal, prepares to push ahead (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2062-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10409054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Europe ; Financing, Government ; History, 20th Century ; *Internet ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing/economics ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Policy forum: health care delivery. Building populations genetics resources using the U.K. NHS (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fears, R -- Poste, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):267-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉SmithKline Beecham, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK. robin_b_fears@sbphrd.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethics ; Confidentiality ; Databases, Factual ; *Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Delivery of Health Care ; *Genetic Privacy ; *Genetic Research ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Medical Informatics ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; *Research ; Research Subjects ; *Resource Allocation ; Social Control, Formal ; *State Medicine/organization & administration ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Drug firms to create public database of genetic mutations (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):406-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Databases, Factual ; *Drug Industry ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; *Mutation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bioterror defense initiative injects shot of cash (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1234-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax/prevention & control/therapy ; *Biological Warfare/prevention & control ; *Financing, Government ; Government Agencies/economics ; Humans ; Military Medicine/economics ; *Public Health/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Smallpox/prevention & control/therapy ; United States ; United States Public Health Service/economics ; *Violence/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 74
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    A threat to biomedical research (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers/*economics ; Budgets ; Hospitals, Teaching/economics ; Managed Care Programs ; Medical Indigency ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 75
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    Structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin during ion transport at 2 angstrom resolution (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: Crystal structures of the Asp96 to Asn mutant of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin and its M photointermediate produced by illumination at ambient temperature have been determined to 1.8 and 2.0 angstroms resolution, respectively. The trapped photoproduct corresponds to the late M state in the transport cycle-that is, after proton transfer to Asp85 and release of a proton to the extracellular membrane surface, but before reprotonation of the deprotonated retinal Schiff base. Its density map describes displacements of side chains near the retinal induced by its photoisomerization to 13-cis,15-anti and an extensive rearrangement of the three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded residues and bound water that accounts for the changed pKa values (where Ka is the acid constant) of the Schiff base and Asp85. The structural changes detected suggest the means for conserving energy at the active site and for ensuring the directionality of proton translocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luecke, H -- Schobert, B -- Richter, H T -- Cartailler, J P -- Lanyi, J K -- R01-GM29498/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56445/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM59970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):255-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. hudel@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10514362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Isomerism ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Photolysis ; Photons ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protons ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Thermodynamics ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of "nutraceuticals" (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeisel, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1853-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA. stevenvzeisel@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consumer Product Safety ; *Dietary Supplements/economics ; Food ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Legislation, Food ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Stem cell research. NIH plans ethics review of proposals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 16;284(5413):413, 415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10232981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aborted Fetus ; Advisory Committees ; *Bioethics ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Fetal Research ; Financing, Government ; *Government Regulation ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    NIH weighs bold plan for online preprint publishing (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 12;283(5408):1610-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Publishing ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Scientific misconduct. Investigations on trial in a Texas court (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):913-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Scientific Misconduct/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Texas ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; Universities
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  • 80
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    Ruling may free NIH to fund stem cells studies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):465, 467.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Bioethics ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    Protein crystallization at NASA: well grounded (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fiske, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):837-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Crystallization ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Societies, Scientific ; Space Flight ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; *Weightlessness
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    Potential target found for antimetastasis drugs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finkel, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 2;285(5424):33-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Glucuronidase ; Glycoside Hydrolases/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/isolation & ; purification/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*prevention & control ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 83
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    Two-metal-Ion catalysis in adenylyl cyclase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: Adenylyl cyclase (AC) converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates many cellular functions. Recent structural studies have revealed much about the structure and function of mammalian AC but have not fully defined its active site or catalytic mechanism. Four crystal structures were determined of the catalytic domains of AC in complex with two different ATP analogs and various divalent metal ions. These structures provide a model for the enzyme-substrate complex and conclusively demonstrate that two metal ions bind in the active site. The similarity of the active site of AC to those of DNA polymerases suggests that the enzymes catalyze phosphoryl transfer by the same two-metal-ion mechanism and likely have evolved from a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tesmer, J J -- Sunahara, R K -- Johnson, R A -- Gosselin, G -- Gilman, A G -- Sprang, S R -- DK38828/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK46371/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):756-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Adenylyl Cyclases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Dideoxynucleotides ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Manganese/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Rats ; Thionucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Zinc/*metabolism
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    NIH-study-section scoring (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doniach, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1850.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10515787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Peer Review, Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Policy forum: public health. Regulating firearms as a consumer product (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sorenson, S B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1481-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. sorenson@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence ; Firearms/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; Public Opinion ; Public Policy ; Safety ; United States
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    Development of DNA sequencer (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovichi, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 13;285(5430):1016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; Financing, Government ; Human Genome Project ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*instrumentation ; United States
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    Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: The actin cytoskeleton undergoes extensive remodeling during cell morphogenesis and motility. The small guanosine triphosphatase Rho regulates such remodeling, but the underlying mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. Cofilin exhibits actin-depolymerizing activity that is inhibited as a result of its phosphorylation by LIM-kinase. Cofilin was phosphorylated in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells during lysophosphatidic acid-induced, Rho-mediated neurite retraction. This phosphorylation was sensitive to Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of the Rho-associated kinase ROCK. ROCK, which is a downstream effector of Rho, did not phosphorylate cofilin directly but phosphorylated LIM-kinase, which in turn was activated to phosphorylate cofilin. Overexpression of LIM-kinase in HeLa cells induced the formation of actin stress fibers in a Y-27632-sensitive manner. These results indicate that phosphorylation of LIM-kinase by ROCK and consequently increased phosphorylation of cofilin by LIM-kinase contribute to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maekawa, M -- Ishizaki, T -- Boku, S -- Watanabe, N -- Fujita, A -- Iwamatsu, A -- Obinata, T -- Ohashi, K -- Mizuno, K -- Narumiya, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actin Depolymerizing Factors ; Actins/metabolism ; Amides/pharmacology ; Animals ; COS Cells ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lim Kinases ; Lysophospholipids/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; *Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; rho-Associated Kinases ; rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
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    The race to the ribosome structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/chemistry ; RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Association of BRCA1 with the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex and the DNA damage response (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: BRCA1 encodes a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Here, it is shown that BRCA1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with hRad50, which forms a complex with hMre11 and p95/nibrin. Upon irradiation, BRCA1 was detected in discrete foci in the nucleus, which colocalize with hRad50. Formation of irradiation-induced foci positive for BRCA1, hRad50, hMre11, or p95 was dramatically reduced in HCC/1937 breast cancer cells carrying a homozygous mutation in BRCA1 but was restored by transfection of wild-type BRCA1. Ectopic expression of wild-type, but not mutated, BRCA1 in these cells rendered them less sensitive to the DNA damage agent, methyl methanesulfonate. These data suggest that BRCA1 is important for the cellular responses to DNA damage that are mediated by the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Q -- Chen, C F -- Li, S -- Chen, Y -- Wang, C C -- Xiao, J -- Chen, P L -- Sharp, Z D -- Lee, W H -- CA 30195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell Survival ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gamma Rays ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Humans ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Bile acids are essential for the solubilization and transport of dietary lipids and are the major products of cholesterol catabolism. Results presented here show that bile acids are physiological ligands for the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), an orphan nuclear receptor. When bound to bile acids, FXR repressed transcription of the gene encoding cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, and activated the gene encoding intestinal bile acid-binding protein, which is a candidate bile acid transporter. These results demonstrate a mechanism by which bile acids transcriptionally regulate their biosynthesis and enterohepatic transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makishima, M -- Okamoto, A Y -- Repa, J J -- Tu, H -- Learned, R M -- Luk, A -- Hull, M V -- Lustig, K D -- Mangelsdorf, D J -- Shan, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1362-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9050, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; *Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; Ligands ; Liver/metabolism ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; *Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Symporters ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Ribosome finally begins to yield its complete structure (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10490407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crystallography, X-Ray ; Haloarcula marismortui/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Neutrons ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Ribosomal/*chemistry ; Ribosomal Proteins/*chemistry ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Scattering, Radiation ; Thermus thermophilus/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Kansas dumps Darwin, raises alarm across the United States (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1186-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10484724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Curriculum ; Kansas ; Religion and Science ; Science/*education ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    2000 budget. Thanks to NIH, R&D ends up with 5% boost (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1836.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Government Agencies/economics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Biomedical attacks (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trull, F L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 19;286(5444):1477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Organizations ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Scientific misconduct. Shalala takes watchdog office out of the hunt (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):883.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Government Regulation ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; United States Office of Research Integrity/*organization & administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Animal rights. Booby-trapped letters sent to 87 researchers (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 5;286(5442):1059.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Primates ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Violence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Disappearing physician-scientists (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinkley, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10049119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Education, Medical, Graduate ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Physicians/statistics & numerical data ; Research/*manpower ; *Research Personnel/education/statistics & numerical data ; Research Support as Topic ; Societies, Scientific ; Training Support ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    EPA ponders pesticide tests in humans (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):18-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Bioethics ; Federal Government ; *Human Experimentation ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; *Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; *Toxicity Tests/standards ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    View from the top of a biomedical empire. Interview by Eliot Marshall (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 10;285(5434):1654-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Budgets ; Computational Biology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; Internet ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research ; Public Policy ; Publishing ; Research ; Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Physician-scientists--endangered and essential (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):331-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA. lrosenberg@molbiol.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; *Career Choice ; Drug Industry ; *Education, Medical, Graduate ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; Foundations ; Health Care Sector ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Physicians/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Public Policy ; Research/*manpower ; *Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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