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  • Female  (140)
  • Transfection  (48)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (185)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • PANGAEA
  • 1995-1999  (185)
  • 1995  (185)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (185)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • PANGAEA
  • Springer  (3)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (185)
Year
  • 1
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    Breast cancer activists seek voice in research decisions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erikson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1508-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research ; *Breast Neoplasms ; *Consumer Advocacy ; Consumer Organizations ; Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; *Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    FFA-1, a protein that promotes the formation of replication centers within nuclei (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, initiation of DNA replication occurs at a discrete number of foci. One component of these foci is the DNA replication factor RP-A. Here, the process leading to the association of RP-A with foci was reconstituted with cytosolic fractions derived from Xenopus eggs. With the use of this fractionated system, a 170-kilodalton protein required for the assembly of RP-A into foci was identified and purified. The protein appears to be an integral component of the foci at which replication of DNA is initiated in eukaryotic nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, H -- Newport, J -- GM33523/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Diego, Department of Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Cytosol/chemistry ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes ; Orientation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Replication Protein A ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Orphanin FQ: a neuropeptide that activates an opioidlike G protein-coupled receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: A heptadecapeptide was identified and purified from porcine brain tissue as a ligand for an orphan heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (LC132) that is similar in sequence to opioid receptors. This peptide, orphanin FQ, has a primary structure reminiscent of that of opioid peptides. Nanomolar concentrations of orphanin FQ inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cells transfected with LC132. This inhibitory activity was not affected by the addition of opioid ligands, nor did the peptide activate opioid receptors. Orphanin FQ bound to its receptor in a saturable manner and with high affinity. When injected intracerebroventricularly into mice, orphanin FQ caused a decrease in locomotor activity but did not induce analgesia in the hot-plate test. However, the peptide produced hyperalgesia in the tail-flick assay. Thus, orphanin FQ may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinscheid, R K -- Nothacker, H P -- Bourson, A -- Ardati, A -- Henningsen, R A -- Bunzow, J R -- Grandy, D K -- Langen, H -- Monsma, F J Jr -- Civelli, O -- DA 08562/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 09620/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):792-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharma Division, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/chemistry ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Injections, Spinal ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/chemistry/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Swine ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Dissociation of synchronization and excitability in furosemide blockade of epileptiform activity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Furosemide, a chloride cotransport inhibitor, reversibly blocked synchronized burst discharges in hippocampal slices without reducing the pyramidal cell response to single electrical stimuli. Images of the intrinsic optical signal acquired during these slice experiments indicated that furosemide coincidentally blocked changes in extracellular space. In urethane-anesthetized rats, systemically injected furosemide blocked kainic acid-induced electrical discharges recorded from cortex. These results suggest that (i) neuronal synchronization involved in epileptiform activity can be dissociated from synaptic excitability; (ii) nonsynaptic mechanisms, possibly associated with furosemide-sensitive cell volume regulation, may be critical for synchronization of neuronal activity; and (iii) agents that affect extracellular volume may have clinical utility as antiepileptic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochman, D W -- Baraban, S C -- Owens, J W -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS07144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*pharmacology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Extracellular Space/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A neuropeptide gene defined by the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: Mutations in genes required for associative learning and memory in Drosophila exist, but isolation of the genes has been difficult because most are defined by a single, chemically induced allele. Here, a simplified genetic screen was used to identify candidate genes involved in learning and memory. Second site suppressors of the dunce (dnc) female sterility phenotype were isolated with the use of transposon mutagenesis. One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene. Cloning of the locus revealed that amn encodes a previously uncharacterized neuropeptide gene. Thus, with the cloning of amn, specific neuropeptides are implicated in the memory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feany, M B -- Quinn, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):869-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/*genetics ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, B -- Poueymirou, W -- Papaioannou, V E -- DeChiara, T M -- Goldfarb, M -- HD21988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD27198/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morula/drug effects/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-02
    Description: Fas (also known as Apo1 and CD95) is a cell surface receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Fas expression and function were analyzed in three children (including two siblings) with a lymphoproliferative syndrome, two of whom also had autoimmune disorders. A large deletion in the gene encoding Fas and no detectable cell surface expression characterized the most affected patient. Clinical manifestations in the two related patients were less severe: Fas-mediated apoptosis was impaired and a deletion within the intracytoplasmic domain was detected. These findings illustrate the crucial regulatory role of Fas and may provide a molecular basis for some autoimmune diseases in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieux-Laucat, F -- Le Deist, F -- Hivroz, C -- Roberts, I A -- Debatin, K M -- Fischer, A -- de Villartay, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 2;268(5215):1347-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U 429, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD95 ; Antigens, Surface/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/*genetics/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Deletion ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia/genetics/immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: Deficiency in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an enzyme that degrades serotonin and norepinephrine, has recently been shown to be associated with aggressive behavior in men of a Dutch family. A line of transgenic mice was isolated in which transgene integration caused a deletion in the gene encoding MAOA, providing an animal model of MAOA deficiency. In pup brains, serotonin concentrations were increased up to ninefold, and serotonin-like immunoreactivity was present in catecholaminergic neurons. In pup and adult brains, norepinephrine concentrations were increased up to twofold, and cytoarchitectural changes were observed in the somatosensory cortex. Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine. Adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cases, O -- Seif, I -- Grimsby, J -- Gaspar, P -- Chen, K -- Pournin, S -- Muller, U -- Aguet, M -- Babinet, C -- Shih, J C -- K05 MH 00796/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH 37020/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH 39085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085-23/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unite de Recherche Associee (URA), Institut Curie, Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Brain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monoamine Oxidase/*deficiency ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Serotonin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The complexities of conception (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aitken, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):39-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Edinburgh, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lectins/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Peptide binding and presentation by mouse CD1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: CD1 molecules are distantly related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. They are of unknown function. Screening random peptide phage display libraries with soluble empty mouse CD1 (mCD1) identified a peptide binding motif. It consists of three anchor positions occupied by aromatic or bulky hydrophobic amino acids. Equilibrium binding studies demonstrated that mCD1 binds peptides containing the appropriate motif with relatively high affinity. However, in contrast to classical MHC class I molecules, strong binding to mCD1 required relatively long peptides. Peptide-specific, mCD1-restricted T cell responses can be raised, which suggests that the findings are of immunological significance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castano, A R -- Tangri, S -- Miller, J E -- Holcombe, H R -- Jackson, M R -- Huse, W D -- Kronenberg, M -- Peterson, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD1 ; Cell Line ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    The RNA component of human telomerase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: Eukaryotic chromosomes are capped with repetitive telomere sequences that protect the ends from damage and rearrangements. Telomere repeats are synthesized by telomerase, a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein complex. Here, the cloning of the RNA component of human telomerase, termed hTR, is described. The template region of hTR encompasses 11 nucleotides (5'-CUAACCCUAAC) complementary to the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n. Germline tissues and tumor cell lines expressed more hTR than normal somatic cells and tissues, which have no detectable telomerase activity. Human cell lines that expressed hTR mutated in the template region generated the predicted mutant telomerase activity. HeLa cells transfected with an antisense hTR lost telomeric DNA and began to die after 23 to 26 doublings. Thus, human telomerase is a critical enzyme for the long-term proliferation of immortal tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, J -- Funk, W D -- Wang, S S -- Weinrich, S L -- Avilion, A A -- Chiu, C P -- Adams, R R -- Chang, E -- Allsopp, R C -- Yu, J -- AG09383/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Death ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Translational suppression by trinucleotide repeat expansion at FMR1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: Fragile X syndrome is the result of the unstable expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Fibroblast subclones from a mildly affected patient, each containing stable FMR1 alleles with 57 to 285 CGG repeats, were shown to exhibit normal steady-state levels of FMR1 messenger RNA. However, FMR protein was markedly diminished from transcript with more than 200 repeats. Such transcripts were associated with stalled 40S ribosomal subunits. These results suggest that a structural RNA transition beyond 200 repeats impedes the linear 40S migration along the 5'-untranslated region. This results in translational inhibition by trinucleotide repeat expansion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, Y -- Zhang, F -- Lokey, L K -- Chastain, J L -- Lakkis, L -- Eberhart, D -- Warren, S T -- HD20521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Clone Cells ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts/chemistry ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis in mice lacking the dioxin-binding Ah receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AHR) mediates many carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of environmentally toxic chemicals such as dioxin. An AHR-deficient (Ahr-/-) mouse line was constructed by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Almost half of the mice died shortly after birth, whereas survivors reached maturity and were fertile. The Ahr-/- mice showed decreased accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, but not in the thymus. The livers of Ahr-/- mice were reduced in size by 50 percent and showed bile duct fibrosis Ahr-/- mice were also nonresponsive with regard to dioxin-mediated induction of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of foreign compounds. Thus, the AHR plays an important role in the development of the liver and the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez-Salguero, P -- Pineau, T -- Hilbert, D M -- McPhail, T -- Lee, S S -- Kimura, S -- Nebert, D W -- Rudikoff, S -- Ward, J M -- Gonzalez, F J -- P30 ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES06811/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):722-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Immunity/*physiology ; Liver/*physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoid Tissue/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/*physiology
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  • 14
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    Global approaches to the promotion of women's health (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mongella, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):789-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fourth World Conference on Women, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission ; Aging ; Biomedical Research ; Female ; *Global Health ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Poverty ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Resource Allocation ; Sex Characteristics ; Violence ; *Women's Health ; Women's Health Services ; World Health Organization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Masking of the CBF1/RBPJ kappa transcriptional repression domain by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a transcriptional activator that is essential for EBV-driven B cell immortalization. EBNA2 is targeted to responsive promoters through interaction with a cellular DNA binding protein, C promoter binding factor 1 (CBF1). A transcriptional repression domain has been identified within CBF1. This domain also interacts with EBNA2, and repression is masked by EBNA2 binding. Thus, EBNA2 acts by countering transcriptional repression. Mutation at amino acid 233 of CBF1 abolishes repression and correlates with a loss-of-function mutation in the Drosophila homolog Su(H).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsieh, J J -- Hayward, S D -- CA42245/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Viral/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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  • 16
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    Genetic feminization of brain structures and changed sexual orientation in male Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: The neural basis of sexual orientation in Drosophila was studied by the production of males with regionally feminized brains. Such flies express the female form of the sex determination gene transformer in a limited number of neurons under the control of GAL4 enhancer trap inserts. This method facilitated the creation of lines with a stable pattern of feminization. In tests of sexual preferences, flies that were feminized in a portion of the antennal lobes or in a subset of the corpora pedunculata (mushroom bodies) courted both males and females. These two brain structures, both of which are involved in olfactory processing, may function in the recognition of sex-specific pheromones, in the control of sex-specific behaviors, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferveur, J F -- Stortkuhl, K F -- Stocker, R F -- Greenspan, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, New York University, NY 10003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisexuality ; Brain/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Sex Attractants/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell
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  • 17
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    Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1216-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Lions/*psychology ; *Territoriality
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  • 18
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    Attacking the causes of "silent" infertility (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/immunology ; Endometriosis/*complications/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*etiology/genetics ; Infertility, Male/etiology ; Leiomyoma/*complications/genetics ; Male ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*complications/epidemiology/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/*complications/genetics
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  • 19
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    Mutations of keratinocyte transglutaminase in lamellar ichthyosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Lamellar ichthyosis is a severe congenital skin disorder characterized by generalized large scales and variable redness. Affected individuals in three families exhibited drastically reduced keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGK) activity. In two of these families, expression of TGK transcripts was diminished or abnormal and no TGK protein was detected. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the TGK gene were identified in all families. These data suggest that defects in TGK cause lamellar ichthyosis and that intact cross-linkage of cornified cell envelopes is required for epidermal tissue homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, M -- Rettler, I -- Bernasconi, K -- Frenk, E -- Lavrijsen, S P -- Ponec, M -- Bon, A -- Lautenschlager, S -- Schorderet, D F -- Hohl, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vandois (CHUV), Hopital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Codon ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar/enzymology/*genetics ; Introns ; Keratinocytes/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Transglutaminases/*genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Zeroing in on how hormones affect the immune system (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogens/*physiology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Infection/immunology ; Male ; Menopause ; *Menstrual Cycle
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  • 21
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    Scope of the AIDS epidemic in the United States (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Two-dimensional deconvolution techniques are used here to reconstruct age-specific human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates in the United States from surveillance data on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This approach suggests that 630,000 to 897,000 adults and adolescents in the United States were living with HIV infection as of January 1993, including 107,000 to 150,000 women. The estimated incidence of HIV infection declined markedly over time among white males, especially those older than 30 years. In contrast, HIV incidence appears to have remained relatively constant among women and minorities. As of January 1993, prevalence was highest among young adults in their late twenties and thirties and among minorities. An estimated 3 percent of black men and 1 percent of black women in their thirties were living with HIV infection as of that date. If infection rates remain at these levels, HIV must be considered as endemic in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1372-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852-4910, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Age Distribution ; *Disease Outbreaks ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 22
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    Anthropologists overturn old ideas about new developments (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- Gibbons, A -- Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Behavior ; Female ; Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Haplorhini/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Humerus/anatomy & histology ; Labor, Obstetric ; Male ; Melanesia ; Pregnancy
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  • 23
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    TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappa B by TNF receptor 2 and CD40 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are candidate signal transducers that associate with the cytoplasmic domains of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The role of TRAFs in the TNF-R2 and CD40 signal transduction pathways, which result in the activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B, was investigated. Overexpression of TRAF2, but not TRAF1 or TRAF3, was sufficient to induce NF-kappa B activation. A truncated derivative of TRAF2 lacking an amino-terminal RING finger domain was a dominant-negative inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation mediated by TNF-R2 and CD40. Thus, TRAF2 is a common mediator of TNF-R2 and CD40 signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothe, M -- Sarma, V -- Dixit, V M -- Goeddel, D V -- CA64803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1424-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD40 ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; Transfection
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  • 24
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    Aberrant subcellular localization of BRCA1 in breast cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 25
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    CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator of sodium channels (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the gene product that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, has a well-recognized function as a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, but this property does not account for the abnormally high basal rate and cAMP sensitivity of sodium ion absorption in CF airway epithelia. Expression of complementary DNAs for rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) alone in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells generated large amiloride-sensitive sodium currents that were stimulated by cAMP, whereas coexpression of human CFTR with rENaC generated smaller basal sodium currents that were inhibited by cAMP. Parallel studies that measured regulation of sodium permeability in fibroblasts showed similar results. In CF airway epithelia, the absence of this second function of CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator likely accounts for abnormal sodium transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stutts, M J -- Canessa, C M -- Olsen, J C -- Hamrick, M -- Cohn, J A -- Rossier, B C -- Boucher, R C -- CFF R026/PHS HHS/ -- HL 34322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 42384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):847-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7543698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Absorption ; Amiloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; DNA, Complementary ; Dogs ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 26
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    A simple genetic basis for a complex psychological trait in laboratory mice (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: Psychological traits are commonly inferred from covariation in sets of behavioral measures that otherwise appear to have little in common. Emotionality in mice is such a trait, defined here by covariation in activity and defecation in a novel environment and emergence into the open arms of an elevated plus maze. Behavioral and quantitative trait analyses were conducted on four measures obtained from 879 mice from an F2 intercross. Three loci, on murine chromosomes 1, 12, and 15, were mapped that influence emotionality. This trait, inferred from studies of strain, sex, and individual differences in rodents, may be related to human susceptibility to anxiety or neuroticism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flint, J -- Corley, R -- DeFries, J C -- Fulker, D W -- Gray, J A -- Miller, S -- Collins, A C -- DA-00197/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-05131/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Defecation ; *Emotions ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Variation ; Lod Score ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenotype ; Regression Analysis
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  • 27
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    One signal, two body axes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cell Polarity ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*physiology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; RNA/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 28
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    Arguing over why Johnny can't read (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1896-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Dyslexia/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Thalamus/*pathology/physiopathology/*radionuclide imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; United States/epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A role for CD5 in TCR-mediated signal transduction and thymocyte selection (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: CD5 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of T cells and a subset of B cells. The absence of CD5 rendered thymocytes hyperresponsive to stimulation through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) in vitro. Selection of T cells expressing three distinct transgenic TCRs was also abnormal in CD5-deficient mice. These observations indicate that CD5 can influence the fate of developing thymocytes by acting as a negative regulator of TCR-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tarakhovsky, A -- Kanner, S B -- Hombach, J -- Ledbetter, J A -- Muller, W -- Killeen, N -- Rajewsky, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):535-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*immunology ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Antigens, CD5 ; Female ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The uses of evolutionary biology (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Futuyma, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):41-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Biotechnology ; Female ; *Medicine ; Technology Transfer
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
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    A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: A morbillivirus has been isolated and added to an increasing list of emerging viral diseases. This virus caused an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in horses and humans. Genetic analyses show it to be only distantly related to the classic morbilliviruses rinderpest, measles, and canine distemper. When seen by electron microscopy, viruses had 10- and 18-nanometer surface projections that gave them a "double-fringed" appearance. The virus induced syncytia that developed in the endothelium of blood vessels, particularly the lungs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, K -- Selleck, P -- Hooper, P -- Hyatt, A -- Gould, A -- Gleeson, L -- Westbury, H -- Hiley, L -- Selvey, L -- Rodwell, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/*virology ; Horses ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morbillivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary/virology ; Spleen/virology ; Vero Cells ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 32
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    T cell awareness of paternal alloantigens during pregnancy (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: During pregnancy a semiallogeneic fetus survives despite the presence of maternal T cells specific for paternally inherited histocompatibility antigens. A mouse transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen H-2Kb was used to follow the fate of T cells reactive to paternal alloantigens. In contrast to syngeneic and third-party allogeneic pregnancies, mice bearing a Kb-positive conceptus had reduced numbers of Kb-reactive T cells and accepted Kb-positive tumor grafts. T cell phenotype and responsiveness were restored after delivery. Thus, during pregnancy maternal T cells acquire a transient state of tolerance specific for paternal alloantigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tafuri, A -- Alferink, J -- Moller, P -- Hammerling, G J -- Arnold, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):630-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tumor Immunology Program, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Fathers ; Female ; Fetus/*immunology ; Graft Rejection ; H-2 Antigens/*immunology ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phenotype ; Placenta/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dana-Farber death sends a warning to research hospitals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/standards ; Boston ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cancer Care Facilities/*standards ; Clinical Protocols/*standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects ; Drug Overdose ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; *Medication Errors ; Medication Systems, Hospital/*standards
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 34
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    Thailand weighs AIDS vaccine tests (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):904-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Animals ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Cohort Studies ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; HIV/classification ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis ; *HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Pan troglodytes ; Patient Selection ; Thailand ; United States
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  • 35
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    AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, J L -- Hanson, D L -- Chu, S Y -- Ward, J W -- Jaffe, H W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1078-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/virology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug therapy ; Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Female ; Foscarnet/*therapeutic use ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Herpesviridae Infections/drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/*complications/drug therapy/virology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Differences in HIV strains may underlie disease patterns (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/classification/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells/*virology ; Male ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Vagina/virology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    Neurobiology. Brain center linked to perfect pitch (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Music ; *Pitch Discrimination ; Temporal Lobe/*anatomy & histology
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  • 38
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    Tamoxifen's trials and tribulations (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):910.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticarcinogenic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; *Carcinogens ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Endometrial Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Female ; Heart Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Osteoporosis/prevention & control ; Patient Selection ; Tamoxifen/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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  • 39
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    Transcriptional activation by tetracyclines in mammalian cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: A transcriptional transactivator was developed that fuses the VP16 activation domain with a mutant Tet repressor from Escherichia coli. This transactivator requires certain tetracycline (Tc) derivatives for specific DNA binding. Thus, addition of doxycycline to HeLa cells that constitutively synthesized the transactivator and that contained an appropriate, stably integrated reporter unit rapidly induced gene expression more than a thousandfold. The specificity of the Tet repressor-operator-effector interaction and the pharmacological characteristics of Tc's make this regulatory system well suited for the control of gene activities in vivo, such as in transgenic animals and possibly in gene therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gossen, M -- Freundlieb, S -- Bender, G -- Muller, G -- Hillen, W -- Bujard, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1766-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg, (ZMDH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Doxycycline/*pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Simplexvirus ; Trans-Activators/*genetics ; Transcriptional Activation/*drug effects ; Transfection ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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  • 40
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    Women in clinical trials: an FDA perspective (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherman, L A -- Temple, R -- Merkatz, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):793-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Approval ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Male ; Paternalism ; *Patient Selection ; Pregnant Women ; Research Design ; *Research Subjects ; Sex Characteristics ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 41
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    Steroid hormone--and neurotransmitter-induced rat sexual behavior: addendum (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mani, S K -- Allen, J M -- Clark, J H -- Blaustein, J D -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 42
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    Women's health research blossoms (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):766-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cultural Characteristics ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Male ; Maternal Health Services ; *Patient Selection ; Poverty ; *Research ; Research Design ; *Research Subjects ; Resource Allocation ; Sex Characteristics ; *Women's Health
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  • 43
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    Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: The gene product of the ob locus is important in the regulation of body weight. The ob product was shown to be present as a 16-kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but was undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of this protein were increased in diabetic (db) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either mouse or human recombinant OB protein reduced the body weight of ob/ob mice by 30 percent after 2 weeks of treatment with no apparent toxicity but had no effect on db/db mice. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent. These data suggest that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halaas, J L -- Gajiwala, K S -- Maffei, M -- Cohen, S L -- Chait, B T -- Rabinowitz, D -- Lallone, R L -- Burley, S K -- Friedman, J M -- DK41096/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockfeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood/physiopathology ; Eating/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/blood/genetics/*physiopathology ; Proteins/analysis/genetics/*pharmacology/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Weight Loss/*drug effects
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  • 44
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    KAI1, a metastasis suppressor gene for prostate cancer on human chromosome 11p11.2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: A gene from human chromosome 11p11.2 was isolated and was shown to suppress metastasis when introduced into rat AT6.1 prostate cancer cells. Expression of this gene, designated KAI1, was reduced in human cell lines derived from metastatic prostate tumors. KAI1 specifies a protein of 267 amino acids, with four hydrophobic and presumably transmembrane domains and one large extracellular hydrophilic domain with three potential N-glycosylation sites. KAI1 is evolutionarily conserved, is expressed in many human tissues, and encodes a member of a structurally distinct family of leukocyte surface glycoproteins. Decreased expression of this gene may be involved in the malignant progression of prostate and other cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, J T -- Lamb, P W -- Rinker-Schaeffer, C W -- Vukanovic, J -- Ichikawa, T -- Isaacs, J T -- Barrett, J C -- CA 58236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Antigens, CD82 ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    Inhibition of myogenic differentiation in proliferating myoblasts by cyclin D1-dependent kinase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-17
    Description: Although the myogenic regulator MyoD is expressed in proliferating myoblasts, differentiation of these cells is limited to the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Forced expression of cyclin D1, but not cyclins A, B, or E, inhibited the ability of MyoD to transactivate muscle-specific genes and correlated with phosphorylation of MyoD. Transfection of myoblasts with cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors p21 and p16 augmented muscle-specific gene expression in cells maintained in high concentrations of serum, suggesting that an active cyclin-Cdk complex suppresses MyoD function in proliferating cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skapek, S X -- Rhee, J -- Spicer, D B -- Lassar, A B -- 1F32AR08214-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 17;267(5200):1022-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7863328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/*metabolism ; Cyclins/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Identification of a graft versus host disease-associated human minor histocompatibility antigen (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-09
    Description: Minor histocompatibility antigen disparities between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched bone marrow donors and recipients are a major risk factor for graft versus host disease (GVHD). An HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T cell clone that recognized the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-2 was previously isolated from a patient with severe GVHD after HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation. The HLA-A2.1-bound peptide representing HA-2 has now been identified. This peptide appears to originate from a member of the non-filament-forming class I myosin family. Because HA-2 has a phenotype frequency of 95 percent in the HLA-A2.1-positive population, it is a candidate for immunotherapeutic intervention in bone marrow transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉den Haan, J M -- Sherman, N E -- Blokland, E -- Huczko, E -- Koning, F -- Drijfhout, J W -- Skipper, J -- Shabanowitz, J -- Hunt, D F -- Engelhard, V H -- AI20963/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI33993/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 9;268(5216):1476-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunohaematology, University Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Epitopes ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease/*immunology ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/chemistry/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inducible gene targeting in mice (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: A method of gene targeting that allows the inducible inactivation of a target gene in mice is presented. The method uses an interferon-responsive promoter to control the expression of Cre recombinase. Here, Cre was used to delete a segment of the DNA polymerase beta gene flanked by IoxP recombinase recognition sites. Deletion was complete in liver and nearly complete in lymphocytes within a few days, whereas partial deletion was obtained in other tissues. This method can be used for the inducible inactivation of any other gene in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhn, R -- Schwenk, F -- Aguet, M -- Rajewsky, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics ; DNA Polymerase I/genetics ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Proteins ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Vectors ; *Integrases ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology ; Interferon-beta/pharmacology ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; *Viral Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution made visible (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiner, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):30-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Female ; Fishes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oncogenes and cancer (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duesberg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7794335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Point Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Patterns of human growth (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heinrichs, C -- Munson, P J -- Counts, D R -- Cutler, G B Jr -- Baron, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):442-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Height ; Body Weight ; Cephalometry ; Female ; *Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Kinetics ; Male ; Regression Analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A p16INK4a-insensitive CDK4 mutant targeted by cytolytic T lymphocytes in a human melanoma (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: A mutated cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was identified as a tumor-specific antigen recognized by HLA-A2. 1-restricted autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a human melanoma. The mutated CDK4 allele was present in autologous cultured melanoma cells and metastasis tissue, but not in the patient's lymphocytes. The mutation, an arginine-to-cysteine exchange at residue 24, was part of the CDK4 peptide recognized by CTLs and prevented binding of the CDK4 inhibitor p16INK4a, but not of p21 or of p27KIP1. The same mutation was found in one additional melanoma among 28 melanomas analyzed. These results suggest that mutation of CDK4 can create a tumor-specific antigen and can disrupt the cell-cycle regulation exerted by the tumor suppressor p16INK4a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfel, T -- Hauer, M -- Schneider, J -- Serrano, M -- Wolfel, C -- Klehmann-Hieb, E -- De Plaen, E -- Hankeln, T -- Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K H -- Beach, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat, Mainz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins/metabolism/pharmacology ; HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Melanoma/enzymology/*immunology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inactivation of the mouse Huntington's disease gene homolog Hdh (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene encoding huntingtin, a protein of unknown function. To distinguish between "loss of function" and "gain of function" models of HD, the murine HD homolog Hdh was inactivated by gene targeting. Mice heterozygous for Hdh inactivation were phenotypically normal, whereas homozygosity resulted in embryonic death. Homozygotes displayed abnormal gastrulation at embryonic day 7.5 and were resorbing by day 8.5. Thus, huntingtin is critical early in embryonic development, before the emergence of the nervous system. That Hdh inactivation does not mimic adult HD neuropathology suggests that the human disease involves a gain of function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duyao, M P -- Auerbach, A B -- Ryan, A -- Persichetti, F -- Barnes, G T -- McNeil, S M -- Ge, P -- Vonsattel, J P -- Gusella, J F -- Joyner, A L -- NS16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS32765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):407-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Ectoderm/cytology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/metabolism
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    Participation of the protein Go in multiple aspects of behavior in C. elegans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: The goa-1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) Go from Caenorhabditis elegans is expressed in most neurons, and in the muscles involved in egg laying and male mating. Reduction-of-function mutations in goa-1 caused a variety of behavioral defects including hyperactive movement, premature egg laying, and male impotence. Expression of the activated Go alpha subunit (G alpha o) in transgenic nematodes resulted in lethargic movement, delayed egg laying, and reduced mating efficiency. Induced expression of activated G alpha o in adults was sufficient to cause these phenotypes, indicating that G alpha o mediates behavior through its role in neuronal function and the functioning of specialized muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendel, J E -- Korswagen, H C -- Liu, K S -- Hajdu-Cronin, Y M -- Simon, M I -- Plasterk, R H -- Sternberg, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1652-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Behavior, Animal ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Genes, Helminth ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Muscles/innervation/physiology ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Oviposition ; Phenotype ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Women's Health Research (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):765-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Research ; *Women's Health
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Detecting Alzheimer's disease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- Kumar, S R -- Thach, A B -- Kiat-Winarko, T -- Frambach, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1577; author reply 1580-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7741897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pupil/*drug effects ; *Tropicamide
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    Attenuated retrovirus vaccines and AIDS (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1219-20; author reply 1220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated
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    Rescue of the En-1 mutant phenotype by replacement of En-1 with En-2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: The related mouse Engrailed genes En-1 and En-2 are expressed from the one- and approximately five-somite stages, respectively, in a similar presumptive mid-hindbrain domain. However, mutations in En-1 and En-2 produce different phenotypes. En-1 mutant mice die at birth with a large mid-hindbrain deletion, whereas En-2 mutants are viable, with cerebellar defects. To determine whether these contrasting phenotypes reflect differences in temporal expression or biochemical activity of the En proteins, En-1 coding sequences were replaced with En-2 sequences by gene targeting. This rescued all En-1 mutant defects, demonstrating that the difference between En-1 and En-2 stems from their divergent expression patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanks, M -- Wurst, W -- Anson-Cartwright, L -- Auerbach, A B -- Joyner, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/abnormalities/embryology ; Chimera ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Targeting ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Limb Deformities, Congenital ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cells ; Sternum/abnormalities
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    Structure-based design of transcription factors (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: Computer modeling suggested that transcription factors with novel sequence specificities could be designed by combining known DNA binding domains. This structure-based strategy was tested by construction of a fusion protein, ZFHD1, that contained zinc fingers 1 and 2 from Zif268, a short polypeptide linker, and the homeodomain from Oct-1. The fusion protein bound optimally to a sequence containing adjacent homeodomain (TAATTA) and zinc finger (NGGGNG) subsites. When fused to an activation domain, ZFHD1 regulated promoter activity in vivo in a sequence-specific manner. Analysis of known protein-DNA complexes suggests that many other DNA binding proteins could be designed in a similar fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pomerantz, J L -- Sharp, P A -- Pabo, C O -- P01-CA42063/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):93-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computer Simulation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry ; Host Cell Factor C1 ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Octamer Transcription Factor-1 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; *Zinc Fingers
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    Tissue- and species-specific expression of sp56, a mouse sperm fertilization protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Mouse sperm recognize and bind to ZP3, one of three glycoproteins in the egg's zona pellucida. A mouse sperm protein, sp56, was identified that has the characteristics expected of the sperm protein responsible for recognition of ZP3. The complementary DNA encoding sp56 was isolated, and its primary sequence indicates that sp56 is a member of a superfamily of protein receptors. It was shown that sp56 expression is restricted to mouse spermatids and that the presence or absence of sp56 on sperm from different species accounts for species specificity of sperm-egg recognition in mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bookbinder, L H -- Cheng, A -- Bleil, J D -- R01 HD 27847/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):86-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cricetinae ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Organ Specificity ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatids/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Liposomes revisited (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lasic, D D -- Papahadjopoulos, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1275-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MegaBios Corporation, Burlingame, CA 94010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; *Drug Carriers ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; *Liposomes/chemistry/pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Transfection
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    Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: Cadherins mediate cell adhesion and are essential for normal development. Embryonic stem cells were transfected with a dominant negative N-cadherin mutant (NCAD delta) under the control of promoters active in small intestinal epithelial cells and then introduced into C57BL/6 mouse blastocysts. Analysis of adult chimeric mice revealed that expression of NCAD delta along the entire crypt-villus axis, but not in the villus epithelium alone, produced an inflammatory bowel disease resembling Crohn's disease. NCAD delta perturbed proliferation, migration, and death programs in crypts, which lead to adenomas. This model provides insights about cadherin function in an adult organ and the factors underlying inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal neoplasia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermiston, M L -- Gordon, J I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK39760/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1203-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cadherins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Chimera ; Crohn Disease/etiology/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*etiology/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/metabolism/*pathology ; Intestinal Neoplasms/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Jejunum/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Stem Cells ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Great transitions (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Peer Group ; Television
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Identification of a member of the MAPKKK family as a potential mediator of TGF-beta signal transduction (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a conserved eukaryotic signaling module that converts receptor signals into various outputs. MAPK is activated through phosphorylation by MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which is first activated by MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). A genetic selection based on a MAPK pathway in yeast was used to identify a mouse protein kinase (TAK1) distinct from other members of the MAPKKK family. TAK1 was shown to participate in regulation of transcription by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Furthermore, kinase activity of TAK1 was stimulated in response to TGF-beta and bone morphogenetic protein. These results suggest that TAK1 functions as a mediator in the signaling pathway of TGF-beta superfamily members.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, K -- Shirakabe, K -- Shibuya, H -- Irie, K -- Oishi, I -- Ueno, N -- Taniguchi, T -- Nishida, E -- Matsumoto, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):2008-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: The recent positional cloning of the mouse ob gene and its human homology has provided the basis to investigate the potential role of the ob gene product in body weight regulation. A biologically active form of recombinant mouse OB protein was overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity from a bacterial expression system. Peripheral and central administration of microgram doses of OB protein reduced food intake and body weight of ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice but not in db/db obese mice. The behavioral effects after brain administration suggest that OB protein can act directly on neuronal networks that control feeding and energy balance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campfield, L A -- Smith, F J -- Guisez, Y -- Devos, R -- Burn, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Incorporated, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/*physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/physiopathology ; Diet ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eating/*drug effects ; Female ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Leptin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred AKR ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Nerve Net/drug effects/*physiology ; Obesity/genetics/*physiopathology ; Proteins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Weight Loss/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Similarity of sli-1, a regulator of vulval development in C. elegans, to the mammalian proto-oncogene c-cbl (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: Vulval induction during Caenorhabditis elegans development is mediated by LET-23, a homolog of the mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. The sli-1 gene is a negative regulator of LET-23 and is shown here to encode a protein similar to c-Cbl, a mammalian proto-oncoprotein. SLI-1 and c-Cbl share approximately 55 percent amino acid identity over a stretch of 390 residues, which includes a C3HC4 zinc-binding motif known as the RING finger, and multiple consensus binding sites for Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. SLI-1 and c-Cbl may define a new class of proteins that modify receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoon, C H -- Lee, J -- Jongeward, G D -- Sternberg, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/growth & development ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genes, Regulator ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Vulva/growth & development
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cloning of the beta cell high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor: a regulator of insulin secretion (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: Sulfonylureas are a class of drugs widely used to promote insulin secretion in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These drugs interact with the sulfonylurea receptor of pancreatic beta cells and inhibit the conductance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium (KATP) channels. Cloning of complementary DNAs for the high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor indicates that it is a member of the ATP-binding cassette or traffic ATPase superfamily with multiple membrane-spanning domains and two nucleotide binding folds. The results suggest that the sulfonylurea receptor may sense changes in ATP and ADP concentration, affect KATP channel activity, and thereby modulate insulin release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aguilar-Bryan, L -- Nichols, C G -- Wechsler, S W -- Clement, J P 4th -- Boyd, A E 3rd -- Gonzalez, G -- Herrera-Sosa, H -- Nguy, K -- Bryan, J -- Nelson, D A -- DK41898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK44311/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL45742/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):423-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Drug/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Receptors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    A mechanism for the specific immunogenicity of heat shock protein-chaperoned peptides (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: Endogenously synthesized antigenic determinants are generally presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, whereas exogenous determinants are presented by MHC class II molecules. Here, it is shown that exogenous antigens chaperoned by a heat shock protein can be channeled into the endogenous pathway, presented by MHC class I molecules, and recognized by CD8+ T lymphocytes. This pathway is functional only in a subset of macrophages among the cell types tested. These observations provide a basis for the tumor-specific and virus-specific immunogenicity of cognate heat shock protein preparations and offer a mechanism for the classical phenomenon of cross-priming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suto, R -- Srivastava, P K -- CA44786/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7545313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chaperonins/*immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Epitopes ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/*immunology
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    Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: One Ras-dependent protein kinase cascade leading from growth factor receptors to the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is dependent on the protein kinase Raf-1, which activates the MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase) dual specificity kinases. A second protein kinase cascade leading to activation of the Jun kinases (JNKs) is dependent on MEKK (MEK kinase). A dual-specificity kinase that activates JNK, named JNKK, was identified that functions between MEKK and JNK. JNKK activated the JNKs but did not activate the ERKs and was unresponsive to Raf-1 in transfected HeLa cells. JNKK also activated another MAPK, p38 (Mpk2; the mammalian homolog of HOG1 from yeast), whose activity is regulated similarly to that of the JNKs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A -- Minden, A -- Martinetto, H -- Claret, F X -- Lange-Carter, C -- Mercurio, F -- Johnson, G L -- Karin, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):286-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0636, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; *MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is typified by the progressive depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes and deterioration of immune function in most patients. A central unresolved issue in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is the mechanism underlying this T cell depletion. HIV-1 Tat protein was shown to induce cell death by apoptosis in a T cell line and in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected donors. This Tat-induced apoptosis was inhibitable by growth factors and was associated with enhanced activation of cyclin-dependent kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, C J -- Friedman, D J -- Wang, C -- Metelev, V -- Pardee, A B -- AI-35511/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Growth and Regulation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Products, tat/pharmacology/*physiology ; Genes, tat ; *Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*cytology/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/enzymology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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    Unimpaired thymic and peripheral T cell death in mice lacking the nuclear receptor NGFI-B (Nur77) (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: T cell hybridomas require the immediate-early gene NGFI-B (nur77) for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated apoptosis, a model for negative selection of self-reactive T cells. TCR-mediated death was examined in mice bearing an NGFI-B loss-of-function mutation, either by administration of antibodies to CD3 (anti-CD3) or in two well-characterized transgenic models expressing self-reactive TCRs. Both the extent and the rate of thymocyte death were unimpaired. Anti-CD3-induced death was normal in CD4+ peripheral T cells, in which death is mediated predominantly by the Fas signaling pathway. Thus, no unique requirement for NGFI-B is observed for thymic or peripheral T cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, S L -- Wesselschmidt, R L -- Linette, G P -- Kanagawa, O -- Russell, J H -- Milbrandt, J -- P01 CA49712/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):532-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Antigens, CD3/immunology/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Clonal Deletion ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hybridomas ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*physiology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Steroid/genetics/*physiology ; Stem Cells ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    CDC25 phosphatases as potential human oncogenes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by CDC25 phosphatases, which remove inhibitory phosphate from tyrosine and threonine residues. In human cells, CDC25 proteins are encoded by a multigene family, consisting of CDC25A, CDC25B, and CDC25C. In rodent cells, human CDC25A or CDC25B but not CDC25C phosphatases cooperate with either Ha-RASG12V or loss of RB1 in oncogenic focus formation. Such transformants were highly aneuploid, grew in soft agar, and formed high-grade tumors in nude mice. Overexpression of CDC25B was detected in 32 percent of human primary breast cancers tested. The CDC25 phosphatases may contribute to the development of human cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galaktionov, K -- Lee, A K -- Eckstein, J -- Draetta, G -- Meckler, J -- Loda, M -- Beach, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*genetics ; Cell Division ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; *Multigene Family ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; *Oncogenes ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; cdc25 Phosphatases
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    A human telomeric protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Telomeres are multifunctional elements that shield chromosome ends from degradation and end-to-end fusions, prevent activation of DNA damage checkpoints, and modulate the maintenance of telomeric DNA by telomerase. A major protein component of human telomeres has been identified and cloned. This factor, TRF, contains one Myb-type DNA-binding repeat and an amino-terminal acidic domain. Immunofluorescent labeling shows that TRF specifically colocalizes with telomeric DNA in human interphase cells and is located at chromosome ends during metaphase. The presence of TRF along the telomeric TTAGGG repeat array demonstrates that human telomeres form a specialized nucleoprotein complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chong, L -- van Steensel, B -- Broccoli, D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Hanish, J -- Tempst, P -- de Lange, T -- GM49046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748-29/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1663-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interphase ; Metaphase ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Alignment ; Telomere/*chemistry ; Transfection
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    Women: absent term in the AIDS research equation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):777-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV/physiology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Male ; Nonoxynol/therapeutic use ; *Research ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications ; Vagina/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: Cell cycle checkpoints enhance genetic fidelity by causing arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle when previous events have not been completed. The tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in a G1 checkpoint. To investigate whether p53 also participates in a mitotic checkpoint, cultured fibroblasts from p53-deficient mouse embryos were exposed to spindle inhibitors. The fibroblasts underwent multiple rounds of DNA synthesis without completing chromosome segregation, thus forming tetraploid and octaploid cells. Deficiency of p53 was also associated with the development of tetraploidy in vivo. These results suggest that murine p53 is a component of a spindle checkpoint that ensures the maintenance of diploidy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cross, S M -- Sanchez, C A -- Morgan, C A -- Schimke, M K -- Ramel, S -- Idzerda, R L -- Raskind, W H -- Reid, B J -- R01CA55814/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1353-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Demecolcine/pharmacology ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Male ; Mice ; *Mitosis ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Ploidies ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Missing Alzheimer's gene found (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):917-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/ethnology/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/biosynthesis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genes ; Germany/ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Presenilin-1 ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase: expression cloning and molecular analysis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, or AA-NAT) generates the large circadian rhythm in melatonin, the hormone that coordinates daily and seasonal physiology in some mammals. Complementary DNA encoding ovine AA-NAT was cloned. The abundance of AA-NAT messenger RNA (mRNA) during the day was high in the ovine pineal gland and somewhat lower in retina. AA-NAT mRNA was found unexpectedly in the pituitary gland and in some brain regions. The night-to-day ratio of ovine pineal AA-NAT mRNA is less than 2. In contrast, the ratio exceeds 150 in rats. AA-NAT represents a family within a large superfamily of acetyltransferases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coon, S L -- Roseboom, P H -- Baler, R -- Weller, J L -- Namboodiri, M A -- Koonin, E V -- Klein, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Neuroendocrinology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/*genetics/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Circadian Rhythm ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pineal Gland/*enzymology/metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sheep ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Y chromosome and the origin of all of us (men) (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paabo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1141-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut of Zoology, University of Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Primates/genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Women, math, and test scores (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kegel-Flom, P -- Didion, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aptitude ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Science ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: The participation of the medial temporal cortex and other cerebral structures in the memory impairment that accompanies aging was examined by means of positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during encoding and recognition of faces. Young people showed increased rCBF in the right hippocampus and the left prefrontal and temporal cortices during encoding and in the right prefrontal and parietal cortex during recognition. Old people showed no significant activation in areas activated during encoding in young people but did show right prefrontal activation during recognition. Age-related impairments of memory may be due to a failure to encode the stimuli adequately, which is reflected in the lack of cortical and hippocampal activation during encoding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grady, C L -- McIntosh, A R -- Horwitz, B -- Maisog, J M -- Ungerleider, L G -- Mentis, M J -- Pietrini, P -- Schapiro, M B -- Haxby, J V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):218-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Aging and Dementia Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Female ; Hippocampus/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Occipital Lobe/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Regional Blood Flow ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Binding of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein to Elongin B and C (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: Germ-line mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) predispose individuals to a variety of human tumors, and somatic mutations of this gene have been identified in sporadic renal cell carcinomas and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Two transcriptional elongation factors, Elongin B and C, were shown to bind in vitro and in vivo to a short, colinear region of the VHL protein (pVHL) that is frequently mutated in human tumors. A peptide replica of this region inhibited binding of pVHL to Elongin B and C whereas a point-mutant derivative, corresponding to a naturally occurring VHL missense mutation, had no effect. These results suggest that the tumor suppression function of pVHL may be linked to its ability to bind to Elongin B and C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibel, A -- Iliopoulos, O -- DeCaprio, J A -- Kaelin, W G Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1444-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Ligases ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Integration of MAP kinase signal transduction pathways at the serum response element (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: The ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily of ETS-domain transcription factors bind with serum response factor (SRF) to the serum response element (SRE) and mediate increased gene expression. The TCF protein Elk-1 is phosphorylated by the JNK and ERK groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases causing increased DNA binding, ternary complex formation, and transcriptional activation. Activated SRE-dependent gene expression is induced by JNK in cells treated with interleukin-1 and by ERK after treatment with phorbol ester. The Elk-1 transcription factor therefore integrates MAP kinase signaling pathways in vivo to coordinate biological responses to different extracellular stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitmarsh, A J -- Shore, P -- Sharrocks, A D -- Davis, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):403-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CHO Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Serum Response Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-1 ; ets-Domain Protein Elk-4
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  • 82
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    Muscle efficiency and elastic storage in the flight motor of Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: Insects could minimize the high energetic costs of flight in two ways: by employing high-efficiency muscles and by using elastic elements within the thorax to recover energy expended accelerating the wings. However, because muscle efficiency and elastic storage have proven difficult variables to measure, it is not known which of these strategies is actually used. By comparison of mechanical power measurements based on gas exchange with simultaneously measured flight kinematics in Drosophila, a method was developed for determining both the mechanical efficiency and the minimum degree of elastic storage within the flight motor. Muscle efficiency values of 10 percent suggest that insects may minimize energy use in flight by employing an elastic flight motor rather than by using extraordinarily efficient muscles. Further, because of the trade-off between inertial and aerodynamic power throughout the wing stroke, an elastic storage capacity as low as 10 percent may be enough to minimize the energetic costs of flight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickinson, M H -- Lighton, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):87-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Elasticity ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Muscles/physiology ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Suppression of ICE and apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells by extracellular matrix (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays a major role in development and tissue regeneration. Basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM), but not fibronectin or collagen, was shown to suppress apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells in tissue culture and in vivo. Apoptosis was induced by antibodies to beta 1 integrins or by overexpression of stromelysin-1, which degrades ECM. Expression of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) correlated with the loss of ECM, and inhibitors of ICE activity prevented apoptosis. These results suggest that ECM regulates apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells through an integrin-dependent negative regulation of ICE expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004777/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004777/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boudreau, N -- Sympson, C J -- Werb, Z -- Bissell, M J -- CA 57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES 07106/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):891-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7531366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD29 ; *Apoptosis ; Basement Membrane ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/*physiology ; Fibronectins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Integrins/immunology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*cytology/enzymology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    AIDS intervention in Uganda (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wawer, M J -- Gray, R H -- Quinn, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):564-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/economics/therapeutic use ; Azithromycin/economics/therapeutic use ; Ciprofloxacin/economics/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*drug therapy ; Uganda
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    Diet and test animals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hart, R W -- Turturro, A -- Leakey, J -- Allaben, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1419-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Weight ; Carcinogenicity Tests/*methods ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests/*methods ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 86
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    Snaring the genes that divide the sexes for mammals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1824-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics ; Female ; Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Glycoproteins ; Growth Inhibitors/genetics/physiology ; High Mobility Group Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Ovary/embryology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/physiology ; *Repressor Proteins ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Sex Differentiation/*genetics ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; Steroidogenic Factor 1 ; Testicular Hormones/genetics/physiology ; Testis/embryology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; WT1 Proteins ; Y Chromosome
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  • 87
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    Sex differences in mental test scores, variability, and numbers of high-scoring individuals (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Sex differences in central tendency, variability, and numbers of high scores on mental tests have been extensively studied. Research has not always seemed to yield consistent results, partly because most studies have not used representative samples of national populations. An analysis of mental test scores from six studies that used national probability samples provided evidence that although average sex differences have been generally small and stable over time, the test scores of males consistently have larger variance. Except in tests of reading comprehension, perceptual speed, and associative memory, males typically outnumber females substantially among high-scoring individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedges, L V -- Nowell, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):41-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Education, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Aptitude ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; *Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Mathematics ; Probability ; Reading ; Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; Writing
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  • 88
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    Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 subgroups. These MAP kinase isoforms are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase. These MKK isoforms did not activate the ERK subgroup of MAP kinases, but MKK4 did activate JNK. These data demonstrate that the activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK4), JNK (MKK4), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derijard, B -- Raingeaud, J -- Barrett, T -- Wu, I H -- Han, J -- Ulevitch, R J -- Davis, R J -- AI15136/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA58396/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM37696/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):682-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; *MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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    Japanese panel OKs IVF screening (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamphier, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1586.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Fragile X Syndrome/diagnosis ; *Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Testing ; Hemophilia A/diagnosis ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Japan ; Muscular Dystrophies/diagnosis ; Parental Consent ; *Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sex Determination Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Interaction of a tyrosine kinase from human sperm with the zona pellucida at fertilization (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: A 95-kilodalton mouse sperm protein with characteristics of a protein tyrosine kinase has been identified as a receptor for ZP3, a glycoprotein in the egg's extracellular matrix. The structure of the human homolog was determined by screening an expression library from human testis; a testis-specific complementary DNA was isolated that encodes a protein similar to receptor tyrosine kinases and appears to be expressed only in testicular germ cells. Antibodies against a synthetic peptide from the intracellular domain recognized a 95-kilodalton human sperm protein that contains phosphotyrosine; human ZP3 stimulates the kinase activity of this sperm protein. Synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of the predicted extracellular domain inhibited sperm binding to human zona pellucida. Availability of the primary sequence of a receptor for ZP3 provides a rational starting point for sperm-targeted contraceptive development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burks, D J -- Carballada, R -- Moore, H D -- Saling, P M -- HD 18201/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 29125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):83-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    A familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: The Volga German kindreds are a group of seven related families with autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Linkage to known AD-related loci on chromosomes 21 and 14 has been excluded. Significant evidence for linkage to AD in these families was obtained with D1S479 and there was also positive evidence for linkage with other markers in the region. A 112-base pair allele of D1S479 co-segregated with the disease in five of seven families, which is consistent with a common genetic founder. This study demonstrates the presence of an AD locus on chromosome 1q31-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy-Lahad, E -- Wijsman, E M -- Nemens, E -- Anderson, L -- Goddard, K A -- Weber, J L -- Bird, T D -- Schellenberg, G D -- AG05136/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F32 AG05635/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HG00835/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):970-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (182B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108-1597, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/ethnology/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Germany/ethnology ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Central command neurons of the sympathetic nervous system: basis of the fight-or-flight response (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: During stress, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is changed in a global fashion, leading to an increase in cardiovascular function and a release of adrenal catecholamines. This response is thought to be regulated by a common set of brain neurons that provide a dual input to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulating cardiac and adrenal medullary functions. By using a double-virus transneuronal labeling technique, the existence of such a set of central autonomic neurons in the hypothalamus and brainstem was demonstrated. These neurons innervate both of the sympathetic outflow systems and likely function in circumstances where parallel sympathetic processing occurs, such as in the fight-or-flight response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansen, A S -- Nguyen, X V -- Karpitskiy, V -- Mettenleiter, T C -- Loewy, A D -- HL-25449/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):644-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/innervation ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Stem/cytology/*physiology ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; *Escape Reaction ; Female ; Heart/innervation ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/physiology ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Stellate Ganglion ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology/*physiology
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  • 93
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    Genetic decreases in atrial natriuretic peptide and salt-sensitive hypertension (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: To determine if defects in the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) system can cause hypertension, mice were generated with a disruption of the proANP gene. Homozygous mutants had no circulating or atrial ANP, and their blood pressures were elevated by 8 to 23 millimeters of mercury when they were fed standard (0.5 percent sodium chloride) and intermediate (2 percent sodium chloride) salt diets. On standard salt diets, heterozygotes had normal amounts of circulating ANP and normal blood pressures. However, on high (8 percent sodium chloride) salt diets they were hypertensive, with blood pressures elevated by 27 millimeters of mercury. These results demonstrate that genetically reduced production of ANP can lead to salt-sensitive hypertension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉John, S W -- Krege, J H -- Oliver, P M -- Hagaman, J R -- Hodgin, J B -- Pang, S C -- Flynn, T G -- Smithies, O -- GM20069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL49277/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):679-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/analysis/blood/*deficiency/*genetics ; *Blood Pressure ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genotype ; Heart Atria/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Hypertension/genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Sodium, Dietary/*administration & dosage
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    International perspectives on women's reproductive health (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Moreno, C -- Turmen, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):790-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Family Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Female ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; *Internationality ; Personal Autonomy ; *Reproduction ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; Violence ; *Women's Health ; Women's Health Services
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    The myth of Eve: molecular biology and human origins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: It has been proposed that modern humans descended from a single woman, the "mitochondrial Eve" who lived in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. The human immune system DRB1 genes are extremely polymorphic, with gene lineages that coalesce into an ancestor who lived around 60 million years ago, a time before the divergence of the apes from the Old World monkeys. The theory of gene coalescence suggests that, throughout the last 60 million years, human ancestral populations had an effective size of 100,000 individuals or greater. Molecular evolution data favor the African origin of modern humans, but the weight of the evidence is against a population bottleneck before their emergence. The mitochondrial Eve hypothesis emanates from a confusion between gene genealogies and individual genealogies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ayala, F J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1930-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, Irvine, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Cercopithecidae/genetics ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fossils ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetics, Population ; HLA-DR Antigens/genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Male ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Activation of RET as a dominant transforming gene by germline mutations of MEN2A and MEN2B (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-20
    Description: Multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B (MEN2A and MEN2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma are dominantly inherited cancer syndromes. All three syndromes are associated with mutations in RET, which encodes a receptor-like tyrosine kinase. The altered RET alleles were shown to be transforming genes in NIH 3T3 cells as a consequence of constitutive activation of the RET kinase. The MEN2A mutation resulted in RET dimerization at steady state, whereas the MEN2B mutation altered RET catalytic properties both quantitatively and qualitatively. Oncogenic conversion of RET in these neoplastic syndromes establishes germline transmission of dominant transforming genes in human cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santoro, M -- Carlomagno, F -- Romano, A -- Bottaro, D P -- Dathan, N A -- Grieco, M -- Fusco, A -- Vecchio, G -- Matoskova, B -- Kraus, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 20;267(5196):381-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Napoli, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a/*genetics ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b/*genetics ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 97
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    Can one type of HIV protect against another type? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1566.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Female ; HIV Infections/*immunology/prevention & control/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; HIV-2/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Prostitution ; Risk Assessment ; Senegal ; Vaccines, Attenuated
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Bisexual fruit flies point to brain courtship centers (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):791-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisexuality ; Brain/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Mutation ; Sex Attractants/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell
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  • 99
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    An essential role for Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 GTPases in cell cycle progression through G1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: Members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton; Rho controls the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes, Rac regulates actin filament accumulation at the plasma membrane to produce lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, and Cdc42 stimulates the formation of filopodia. When microinjected into quiescent fibroblasts, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 stimulated cell cycle progression through G1 and subsequent DNA synthesis. Furthermore, microinjection of dominant negative forms of Rac and Cdc42 or of the Rho inhibitor C3 transferase blocked serum-induced DNA synthesis. Unlike Ras, none of the Rho GTPases activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that contains the protein kinases c-Raf1, MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase), and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Instead, Rac and Cdc42, but not Rho, stimulated a distinct MAP kinase, the c-Jun kinase JNK/SAPK (Jun NH2-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase). Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 control signal transduction pathways that are essential for cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, M F -- Ashworth, A -- Hall, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1270-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University College, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA/biosynthesis ; *G1 Phase ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Microinjections ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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  • 100
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    Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify a protein that interacts with and enhances the human progesterone receptor (hPR) transcriptional activity without altering the basal activity of the promoter. Because the protein stimulated transactivation of all the steroid receptors tested, it has been termed steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). Coexpression of SRC-1 reversed the ability of the estrogen receptor to squelch activation by hPR. Also, the amino terminal truncated form of SRC-1 acted as a dominant-negative repressor. Together, these results indicate that SRC-1 encodes a coactivator that is required for full transcriptional activity of the steroid receptor superfamily.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onate, S A -- Tsai, S Y -- Tsai, M J -- O'Malley, B W -- HD08188/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1354-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; HeLa Cells ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Hormone Antagonists/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mifepristone/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Promegestone/pharmacology ; Receptors, Progesterone/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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