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  • 1
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    CLE-like (CLEL) peptides control the pattern of root growth and lateral root development in Arabidopsis [Plant Biology] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-01
    Description: CLE peptides, named for the CLV3/ESR-related peptide family, participate in intercellular-signaling pathways. Here we investigated members of the CLE-like (CLEL) gene family that encode peptide precursors recently designated as root growth factors [Matsuzaki Y et al. (2010) Science 329:1065–1067]. CLEL precursors share a similar domain structure with CLE precursors (i.e., they contain a putative N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved 13-amino-acid CLEL motif with a variable middle portion). Our evidence shows that, unlike root growth factor, CLEL peptides are (i) unmodified and (ii) function in the regulation of the direction of root growth and lateral root development. Overexpression of several CLEL genes in Arabidopsis resulted in either long roots or long and wavy roots that also showed altered lateral root patterning. Exogenous application of unmodified synthetic 13-amino-acid peptides derived from two CLEL motifs resulted in similar phenotypic changes in roots of wild-type plants. In CLEL peptide-induced long roots, the root apical meristem (RAM) was enlarged and consisted of an increased number of cells, compared with wild-type root apical meristems. The wavy-root phenotype appeared to be independent of other responses of the roots to the environment (e.g., gravitropism, phototropism, and thigmotropism). Results also showed that the inhibition of lateral initiation by CLEL overexpression was not overcome by the application of auxin. These findings establish CLEL as a peptide family with previously unrecognized regulatory functions controlling the pattern of root growth and lateral root development in plants.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Structures of the bacterial ribosome in classical and hybrid states of tRNA binding (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-21
    Description: During protein synthesis, the ribosome controls the movement of tRNA and mRNA by means of large-scale structural rearrangements. We describe structures of the intact bacterial ribosome from Escherichia coli that reveal how the ribosome binds tRNA in two functionally distinct states, determined to a resolution of ~3.2 angstroms by means of x-ray crystallography. One state positions tRNA in the peptidyl-tRNA binding site. The second, a fully rotated state, is stabilized by ribosome recycling factor and binds tRNA in a highly bent conformation in a hybrid peptidyl/exit site. The structures help to explain how the ratchet-like motion of the two ribosomal subunits contributes to the mechanisms of translocation, termination, and ribosome recycling.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3176341/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3176341/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunkle, Jack A -- Wang, Leyi -- Feldman, Michael B -- Pulk, Arto -- Chen, Vincent B -- Kapral, Gary J -- Noeske, Jonas -- Richardson, Jane S -- Blanchard, Scott C -- Cate, Jamie H Doudna -- CA92584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM074127-04S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM079238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM088674/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM65050/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA092584/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM063210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-GM63210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065050/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM065050-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074127/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088674/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-15301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 20;332(6032):981-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1202692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosome Subunits, Large, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, B -- Poueymirou, W -- Papaioannou, V E -- DeChiara, T M -- Goldfarb, M -- HD21988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD27198/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morula/drug effects/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    An arms race between producers and scroungers can drive the evolution of social cognition (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: The "social intelligence hypothesis" states that the need to cope with complexities of social life has driven the evolution of advanced cognitive abilities. It is usually invoked in the context of challenges arising from complex intragroup structures, hierarchies, and alliances. However, a fundamental aspect of group living remains largely unexplored as a driving force in cognitive evolution: the competition between individuals searching for resources (producers) and conspecifics that parasitize their findings (scroungers). In populations of social foragers, abilities that enable scroungers to steal by outsmarting producers, and those allowing producers to prevent theft by outsmarting scroungers, are likely to be beneficial and may fuel a cognitive arms race. Using analytical theory and agent-based simulations, we present a general model for such a race that is driven by the producer–scrounger game and show that the race’s plausibility is dramatically affected by the nature of the evolving abilities. If scrounging and scrounging avoidance rely on separate, strategy-specific cognitive abilities, arms races are short-lived and have a limited effect on cognition. However, general cognitive abilities that facilitate both scrounging and scrounging avoidance undergo stable, long-lasting arms races. Thus, ubiquitous foraging interactions may lead to the evolution of general cognitive abilities in social animals, without the requirement of complex intragroup structures.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    PkANN - II. A non-linear matter power spectrum interpolator developed using artificial neural networks (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-09
    Description: In this paper we introduce p k ann , a freely available software package for interpolating the non-linear matter power spectrum, constructed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Previously, using halofit to calculate matter power spectrum, we demonstrated that ANNs can make extremely quick and accurate predictions of the power spectrum. Now, using a suite of 6380 N -body simulations spanning 580 cosmologies, we train ANNs to predict the power spectrum over the cosmological parameter space spanning 3 confidence level around the concordance cosmology. When presented with a set of cosmological parameters ( m h 2 , b h 2 , n s , w , 8 , m and redshift z ), the trained ANN interpolates the power spectrum for z  ≤ 2 at sub-per cent accuracy for modes up to k ≤ 0.9 h Mpc –1 . p k ann is faster than computationally expensive N -body simulations, yet provides a worst-case error 〈1 per cent fit to the non-linear matter power spectrum deduced through N -body simulations. The overall precision of p k ann is set by the accuracy of our N -body simulations, at 5 per cent level for cosmological models with m  〈 0.5 eV for all redshifts z  ≤ 2. For models with m  〉 0.5 eV, predictions are expected to be at 5 (10) per cent level for redshifts z  〉 1 ( z  ≤ 1). The p k ann interpolator may be freely downloaded from http://zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk/~fba/PkANN .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    BET bromodomain proteins regulate enhancer function during adipogenesis [Cell Biology] (2018)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-28
    Description: Developmental transitions are guided by master regulatory transcription factors. During adipogenesis, a transcriptional cascade culminates in the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which orchestrate activation of the adipocyte gene expression program. However, the coactivators controlling PPARγ and C/EBPα expression are less well characterized. Here, we show the bromodomain-containing protein, BRD4,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Terawatt-scale photovoltaics: Transform global energy (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micrometer-spaced platinum interdigitated array electrode: fabrication, theory, and initial use (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 58 (1986), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00294a026
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeation of neutral, cationic, and anionic electrode reactants through a polycationic polymer film as a function of electrolyte concentration (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 89 (1985), S. 1263-1269 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100253a043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential dependence of electrical conductivity and chemical charge storage of poly(pyrrole) films on electrodes (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 107 (1985), S. 872-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00290a024
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