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  • Articles  (287)
  • Drosophila  (116)
  • 42.55  (107)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Springer  (287)
  • 1980-1984  (287)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase: Developmental aspects (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; lactate dehydrogenase ; isozymic pattern ; development ; isozymic conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Partially purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from third-instar larvae displays two bands (one major and one minor) on polyacrylamide gels. Analogous preparations from pupae and adults exhibit three LDH-staining bands (one major and two minor) in a similar pattern. The migration of the major band is similar for larvae, pupae, and adults, while the two minor LDH bands of pupae and adults migrate more slowly than the minor larval band. It has been shown that larval LDH incubated with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exhibits two additional minor bands with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the minor bands of both pupae and adults. The intensity of the minor larval LDH band (exhibited also by untreated preparations) is drastically reduced. This fact indicates that the life-cycle stage-dependent LDH isozymic distribution is possibly due to a posttranslational effect(s). Highly purified LDH from larvae, pupae, or adults, obtained by an affinity chromatography procedure, displays just one dispersed band, located in the area between the band 5 and the band 6 exhibited by crude extract preparations. These data, in combination with the lack of difference in catalytic properties among enzymes from larvae, pupae, and adults, suggest that LDH synthesis is controlled by the same single structural gene at all developmental stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000018
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase: Developmental aspects (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; lactate dehydrogenase ; isozymic pattern ; development ; isozymic conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Partially purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from third-instar larvae displays two bands (one major and one minor) on polyacrylamide gels. Analogous preparations from pupae and adults exhibit three LDH-staining bands (one major and two minor) in a similar pattern. The migration of the major band is similar for larvae, pupae, and adults, while the two minor LDH bands of pupae and adults migrate more slowly than the minor larval band. It has been shown that larval LDH incubated with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exhibits two additional minor bands with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the minor bands of both pupae and adults. The intensity of the minor larval LDH band (exhibited also by untreated preparations) is drastically reduced. This fact indicates that the life-cycle stage-dependent LDH isozymic distribution is possibly due to a posttranslational effect(s). Highly purified LDH from larvae, pupae, or adults, obtained by an affinity chromatography procedure, displays just one dispersed band, located in the area between the band 5 and the band 6 exhibited by crude extract preparations. These data, in combination with the lack of difference in catalytic properties among enzymes from larvae, pupae, and adults, suggest that LDH synthesis is controlled by the same single structural gene at all developmental stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395404
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  • 103
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    Alcohol dehydrogenase thermostability variants in Drosophila melanogaster: Comparison of activity ratios and enzyme levels (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 1071-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; enzyme polymorphisms, activity ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Representatives of five allozymic classes of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase have been compared with respect to their activity levels on two alcohol substrates, quantities of ADH protein, and stability in crude extracts. Within each allozymic class, strains from widely diverse geographic locations differ in their enzyme activity levels but are identical for a measure known as “activity ratio,” which is obtained by dividing the average activity reading on isopropanol by that obtained with ethanol. They are also similar in the rate at which ADH activity declines in crude extracts held at 25°C. For several of the fast-resistant and fast-moderate strains, differences in ADH activity are associated with differences in the amount of enzyme present. The catalytic efficiencies of the fast-resistant forms are considerably lower than those of the fast-moderate allozymes. The origin and persistence of the rare but ubiquitous fast-resistant allozyme is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00488460
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  • 104
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    Genetic localization and sequential electrophoresis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 703-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; polymorphism ; sequential electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were undertaken to investigate two critical aspects of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. The first investigation unequivocally maps the genetic site of the G6PD locus to the X chromosome. The second study subjects a set of isochromosomal lines to sequential electrophoresis in an attempt to uncover common molecular heterogeneity within the global polymorphism, assuming that this variation may have gone undetected under conventional electrophoretic conditions. The genetic site was mapped following the segregation of the two common electrophoretic alleles, a so-called null allele, and two rare electrophoretic variants. From the pooled results, the Zw locus mapped to 62.9 on the X chromosome relative to the flanking markers car (at 62.5) and sw (at 64.7). A set of 126 iso-X chromosomal lines of diverse geographic origin was subjected to sequential electrophoresis under three different acrylamide conditions in addition to the conventional starch electrophoretic system. No additional variation beyond the common diallele polymorphism was seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498917
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  • 105
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    Pupation site selection inDrosophila simulans (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: pupation site ; pupation height ; artificial selection ; Drosophila ; density-dependent behavior ; genotype-environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Selection for increased pupation height was carried out for 17 generations in two lines ofDrosophila simulans derived from a genetically heterogeneous base population. The realized heritability for mean pupation height in each line, calculated over the 17 generations, did not differ significantly from zero. Both selected lines tended to pupate away from the center of the culture medium to a greater extent than the control in the latter generations of the experiment but not in earlier generations. Pupation height may have been refractory to artificial selection because of an adaptation of this species to pupate on the larval food source. In a subsequent experiment, each line was tested at three larval densities in an apparatus different from the one used for selection. Each successively higher density showed a corresponding increase in pupation height. Both selected lines had higher mean pupation heights than the control line. The differences between lines became more pronounced as the larval density increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071741
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  • 106
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    The effect of alcohol stress on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in Drosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; NAD+ levels ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies carried out in mammalian systems indicated that an organism's NAD+/NADH balance is carefully regulated but can be destabilized by dietary stresses. Since Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) uses NAD+ to remove a hydrogen from ethanol in the first step of alcohol catabolism, it is possible that under alcohol stress conditions the in vivo NAD+ levels in Drosophila may decrease. In this study genetically homozygous flies were stressed with maximally sublethal concentrations of ethanol (10%) for periods of up to 24 hr. The results indicate that NAD+ levels do in fact drop by at least 20% in response to ethanol stress. Evidence is presented that suggests that this decrease is the direct result of ADH-mediated catabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499145
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  • 107
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    Interaction of ethidium bromide with yeast cells investigated by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (1983)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 73 (1983), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: electron probe X-ray microanalysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ethidium ; brontophenol blue ; cationic dye ; cytolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary K+ efflux provoked by ethidium proceeds partially as an all-or-none effect by which the diffusion barrier for K+ is disrupted and partially from still intact cells, presumably by exchange against ethidium. This is shown by the application of an electron probe microanalysis X-ray technique by which the K+ content of a number of individual cells is analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870436
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  • 108
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    Effects of disruptive selection on genetic variance (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disruptive selection ; Linkage disequilibrium ; Genetic variance ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Theoretical predictions of changes in variance with disruptive selection have used models of infinitely many genes so the increase in variance was necessarily due to linkage disequilibrium. With small numbers of loci, the disequilibrium is shown still to comprise the major part of the changes in variance. In a replicated experiment with Drosophila melanogaster, disruptive selection was practised for three generations, and this was followed by 5 or 7 generations of random mating. The heritability, as estimated from regression of progeny on parent, rose from 37% to 68% on selection, and subsequently declined to 45% on random mating. Changes of variance can be interpreted invoking the build up of linkage disequilibrium during selection followed by its breakdown upon relaxation. The results agree well with those obtained from Monte Carlo simulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264888
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  • 109
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    Latitudinal variation in octanol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase allele frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Enzyme polymorphisms ; Latitudinal clines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The octanol dehydrogenase (Odh) and acid phosphatase (Acph) loci of Drosophila melanogaster are each polymorphic for two electrophoretically detectable alleles. The frequencies of the Odh and Acph alleles have been analysed in populations sampled from up to a 40 ° latitudinal range in each of Australasia, North America and Europe/Asia. Odh S frequency is found to be significantly negatively associated with distance from the equator in all three zones. The relationship of Acph S frequency to distance from the equator is significant and negative in Australasia but neither significant nor consistent in sign in North America and Europe/Asia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308064
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  • 110
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    An altered electroretinogram transient associated with an unusual jump response in a mutant ofDrosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 3 (1983), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: electroretinogram ; visual mutants ; visual sensitization ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Mutations at thestoned locus ofDrosophila melanogaster produce a reversible temperature-sensitive debilitation. At permissive temperatures they also exhibit an unusual jump response to a light-off stimulus. 2. An increase in the amplitude of the off-transient of the electroretinogram (ERG) is associated with this abnormal jump. Both the jump response and the increased amplitude of the off-transient are shown to be dependent on the duration of the light pulse prior to the light-off stimulus. 3. Instoned flies which are light adapted, the jump response, as measured by recording from the indirect flight muscles, is seen to habituate with increasing light-off frequency. This habituation corresponds to the decrease in the amplitude of the off-transient that also occurs with high-frequency stimulation. 4. Another visual mutanttan, removes the off and on-transients of the ERG. 5. The combining of thestoned mutation withtan in thetan, stoned double mutant results in the loss of the jump behavior as well as the partial restoration of the off-transient to an otherwisetan-like ERG. The relationship between the increase in the amplitude of the off-transient instoned flies and the eliciting of the jump response is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735278
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  • 111
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    The regulation of phosphorylation of a specific protein in synaptosomal fractions fromDrosophila heads: The effects of light and two visual mutants (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 3 (1983), S. 127-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: cyclic adenosine monophosphate ; calmodulin ; phosphorylation ; visual mutants ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Protein IV from synaptosomal fractions ofDrosophila heads is phosphorylatedin vitro by an endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. Thein vivo phosphorylation of this protein is affected by light. 2. Two visual mutants,tan andstoned, exhibit altered levels ofin vivo phosphorylation of protein IV. Thetan strain shows depressedin vivo levels of phosphorylation of protein IV, whereasstoned shows an increase in thein vivo level of phosphorylation of this same protein. 3. Protein D is phosphorylatedin vitro by an endogenous Ca2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase and has a molecular weight identical to that of protein IV. Thestoned mutant strain shows an increase in thein vivo level of phosphorylation of protein D. 4. The data presented here suggest that the phosphorylation of protein IV, and perhaps D, may play a role in the early processing of visual information in the fly.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00735277
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  • 112
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    Activities of the nuclear envelope in the salivary glands of Drosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 497-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Larval salivary glands ; Nuclear “oval bodies” ; Annulate lamellae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological data are presented concerning the single-membrane-bound vesicles (“oval bodies”) associated with the nuclear envelopes of larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila. Data are also presented concerning the existence of cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in these same cells. The mode of formation of these structures, as well as the relationships between them and with other cytoplasmic organelles are described. The possible functional significance of these phenomena is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211471
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  • 113
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    Ultrastructure of the compound eye and first optic neuropile of the photoreceptor mutant ora JK84 of Drosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 305-317 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Freeze fracture ; HVEM ; Retina ; Optic neuropile ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The developmental mutant of Drosophila (ora JK84) is characterized by nonfunctional photoreceptor cells (R1–6), while the R7/R8 cells are normal. A fundamental question is: Does the near absence of photosensitive membranes inhibit development of the Rl-6 axons and their synapses at the other end of the cell? The retina and first optic neuropile (lamina ganglionaris) were examined with freeze-fracture technique and high voltage electron microscopy. R1–6 have reduced rhabdomere caps; rhabdomeric microvilli have about 50% of the normal diameter and 20% of the normal length. Affected cells exhibit prominent vacuoles which appear to communicate with some highly convoluted microvillar membranes. Almost no P-face particles (putative rhodopsin molecules) are present in the R1–6 rhabdomeres, and particle densities are lower in R7 than previously reported. Near the rhabdomere caps, microvilli of R1–6 are fairly normal, but at more proximal levels they are greatly diminished in length and changed in orientation, while at still more proximal levels they are lost. R1–6, R7, and R8 axons from each ommatidium are bundled into normal pseudocartridges beneath the basement membrane. No abnormalities are found in the lamina ganglionaris, and all synaptic associations as well as the presumed “virgin” synapses (of R1–6) appear normal. No glial anomalies are present, and R7/R8 axons project through the lamina in the usual fashion. These fine structural findings are correlated with known electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral correlates of both sets of photoreceptors (R1–6, and R7/R8).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238298
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  • 114
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    Multiple effects of colchicine on oogenesis in Drosophila: Induced sterility and switch of potential oocyte to nurse-cell developmental pathway (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Oogenesis ; Colchicine ; Microtubules ; Sterility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult female fruitflies exposed to colchicine admixed to the culture medium show a series of dosage-related abnormalities that affect oogenesis and may induce sterility. Among the effects observed were decreased fecundity and hatchability of laid eggs, formation of oocytes lacking chorionic appendages, abnormal distribution and diminution in number of yolk spheres, inhibition of oocyte growth and abnormally located oocyte nuclei. Potentially the most significant effect was the development of egg chambers which contained the normal complement of 16 cells but in which all the cells had the nuclear morphology of nurse cells. The approach provides for the first time an experimental means to divert a potential oocyte into the developmental pathway of the nurse cell in a wild-type fly, and hence should be helpful in the elucidation of factors which control oocyte and nurse cell differentiation. In addition, the results serve to expand the usefulness of oogenesis in Drosophila as a model system for the evaluation of drug-induced metabolic-morphologic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206261
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  • 115
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    Stepwise photoionization of complex organic molecules in the gas phase induced by UV laser radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured the photoionization cross-sections of anthracene, 1,2-benzanthracene,p-terphenyl, and 2,5-diphenylfuran molecules excited to the singlet and triplet electronic states intermediate in the stepwise two-photon ionization process at 266 nm (all compounds) and at 355, 391 and 417 nm (anthracene).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697297
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  • 116
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    Origin of laser-output noise of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 373-381 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 52
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated noise and fluctuations of the output power of cataphoretic HeSe+ lasers in positive column plasma. Direct coupling of laser output power noise and fluctuations of the local population inversion was found. An investigation of the positive column plasma showed moving striations being responsible for the gain fluctuations. Whereas the local plasma properties are dominated by high frequency striations in the 100 kHz range, integrated quantities such as laser gain per pass are most strongly influenced by low-frequency waves with a continuous noise spectrum below 200 kHz. External modulation of the discharge voltage or current at a frequency near thehf striations reduces laser noise and increases laser output power.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686369
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  • 117
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    Lifetime, photostability, and chemical structure of IR heptamethine cyanine dyes absorbing beyond 1 μm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 15-18 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical absorption,S 1 lifetime, and photostability are investigated for a series of heptamethine ir dyes and related to chemical structure. The high photostability of several dyes and the large range ofS 1 lifetimes make these dyes very interesting for ir dye lasers and for ir mode-locked laser systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694363
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  • 118
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    Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 13-14 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 μm≦λ≦538 μm were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 μm band of a cw CO2 laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 μm≦λ≦783 μm were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694362
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  • 119
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    Temporal analysis of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser by four-wave mixing (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689185
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  • 120
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    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 150-154 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697840
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  • 121
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    Surface spectroscopy (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 229-232 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.65 ; 68 ; 36.40 ; 78 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697849
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  • 122
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    Guided waves and IR lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 283-289 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 85.60 ; 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697857
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  • 123
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    Free electron laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 157-158 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688657
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  • 124
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    New lasers and laser schemes (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 143-148 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Conclusion We have demonstrated the existence of an anomalous polarization coupling mechanism present in the injection locked TEA CO2 laser. As a direct consequence of this work, a new injection technique has been formulated which permits efficient injection coupling and maximises energy extraction whilst eliminating the detrimental optical feedback effects to which other injection locking systems are prone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688654
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  • 125
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    Theory of the synchronously pumped picosecond dye laser (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 27-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The circulation of a synchronously mode locked dye laser pulse in a linear cavity configuration containing a dye cell as an active medium and a bandwidth-limiting element is treated. The condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip provides a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the steady-state pulse shape. For the solution of this equation an approximate method, not limited to small pulse energies, is given and the pulse duration, intensity, energy, asymmetry of the pulse shape, stable regions and other interesting parameters are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697293
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  • 126
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    The He/Cl2 laser at 258 nm (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 49-55 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 34 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lasing from e-beam pumped He/Cl2 mixtures at 258 nm was investigated in a longitudinal pumping geometry. Time dependence, output powers and energies as well as the spectral composition of the laser pulses were determined for different experimental conditions. Optical gain was observed for eight transitions around 258 nm. The fine structure results from isotopic splitting and contributions from different vibrational states. No bottle-necking occurs. However, saturation and absorption by excited states limited the total output power to 6MW and the output energies to 200 mJ. A simple kinetic model is proposed that reproduces the larger number of experimental data quite sufficiently.
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    Ultra-violet excited laser emission in Na2 (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 195-200 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 35
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser emission at different wavelengths in the range of 903–914 nm and around 2.5 μm has been observed upon excitation of Na2 by uv radiation from an excimer laser at 351 nm and an excimer pumped dye laser in this wavelength range. The emission is attributed to a cascade emission $$C^1 \Pi _u \to 2^1 \sum _g^ + $$ followed by $$2^1 \sum _g^ + \to A^1 \sum _u^ + $$ . In addition, coupled with the laser emission around 910 nm, broad-band fluorescence peaking around 855.5 nm is observed which, eventually, may be the first observation of the $$b^3 \sum _g^ + \to x^3 \sum _u^ + $$ bound-free transition in Na2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688667
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    Theory of passively mode-locked cw dye lasers (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 105-113 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The circulation of an ultrashort light pulse in a continuously pumped modelocked dye laser with a linear cavity configuration containing the active dye, the saturable absorber and a bandwidth-limiting elements is treated. The steady-state condition that the pulse shape reproduces after each cavity round-trip leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation for this pulse shape. An approximate method for the solution of this equation not limited to the case of low laser gain and small pulse energies is given. The stable single pulse region and characteristic pulse parameters, as energy, duration, intensity and asymmetry, are considered in dependence on the laser parameters.
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    On the theory of electron motion due to superposed em waves and its application to the free-electron laser with linear polarization (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 15-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 41
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relativistic motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field depending only on one coordinate is shown to be exactly equivalent to the unidimensional motion of a particle having a time and space-varying mass. By means of the averaged Lagrangian method an approximate solution is obtained for the relativistic electron motion in two oppositely moving waves of any polarization, one of them being weaker than the other one, thus generalizing the results previously obtained for circular polarization. A comparison with numerical calculations shows a good agreement. A pendulum-like motion in an effective periodic potential is shown to exist not only for two waves of the same frequency, but more generally when the frequency of the weaker wave is an odd harmonic of the frequency of the stronger one.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693886
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    Novel quantum-electronics phenomena and devices (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 152-156 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688656
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    Electron dynamics in free electron laser resonator modes (1982)
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 101-109 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.50 ; 42.55 ; 52.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the electron phase-space evolution and gain in free electron lasers whose short-wavelength radiation has Gaussian spherial wavefronts. Several free electron laser designs are considered: the undulator, the tapered wavelength undulator, and the optical klystron. We find that the gain spectrum is no longer proportional to the slope of the forward spontaneous emission spectrum, and we determine the design of the Gaussian mode which maximizes the energy extraction from the electron beam.
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    Waveguide CW 118.6 μm H2O laser (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 123-128 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports results of an experimental study of a cw 118.6 μm H2O waveguide laser. The laser cavity is a 3 cm inner diameter, 3.2 m long Pyrex tube, with plane reflectors against its ends, one of them being a copper mesh coupler. The active medium is a H2O:H2 gas mixture. Successive optimizations lead to a reliable output power of 50 mW, for the EH11 mode. The power density is the highest ever reported, and the stability is such that the power drifts by less than 2% per hour. This laser is competitive with the optically pumped 118.8 μm CH3OH laser.
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    Picosecond pulse transmission in germanium of various thicknesses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 201-205 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 78.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transmission of ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Nd: glass laser in germanium of various thicknesses (3 to 8 μm) has been measured as a function of incident irradiance. Transmission is seen to increase with irradiance level in all samples. The degree of enhancement is greater for the thcker samples. At high excitation levels, thinner samples show a peaking of transmission, which does not occur in a thick sample. Taking the sample as composed of thin elements, the parameters characterizing the photoexcited electron-hole plasma have been found by assuming homogeneous excitation within each element. Theoretical curves thus obtained give good quantitative account of the experimental results. Peaking of transmission is seen to due to a balance between absorption enhancement in the front portion of the sample and absorption reduction in the back.
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    Optically pumped14NH3 laser and its stark tuning at 10.78 μm (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 55-62 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Infrared (ir) emissions from a TEA-CO2-laser-pumped NH3 laser are reported. Superfluorescent emissions and selective single-line oscillations have been obtained in the range from 11 to 13 μm. The results make possible the design of a NH3 Stark cell allowing a 1 GHz shift of the 10.78 μm NH3 emission line.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693893
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    On the relation between genetic and environmental variability in animals (1982)
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    Journal of molecular evolution 18 (1982), S. 310-314 
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    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Neutral mutation theory ; Natural selection ; Protein evolution ; Levene model ; Environmental variability ; Genetic variability ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary If a phenotypic character is under stabilizing selection, the selective disadvantage of a nonoptimal genotype will decrease exponentially to zero as the proportion of phenotypic variation that is environmental in origin -V e /V p - increases. Under the modified mutation-drift hypothesis of genetic polymorphism, the proportion of mutations that are effectively neutral and average heterozygosity should increase with this ratio. Invertebrates, because of their small size, fast development, and low degree of homeostasis (relative to vertebrates), are expected to show a larger environmental component of phenotypic variation than vertebrates. This may help explain why invertebrates are in general more genetically variable than vertebrates and why, when laboratory populations ofDrosophila are maintained in heterogeneous environments, genetic variability is lost less rapidly than when they are kept in constant conditions.
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    Immobilization and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in crosslinked, prepolymerized polyacrylamide-hydrazide (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1982), S. 75-80 
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    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Immobilization of yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ethanol production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was immobilized in gels made of prepolymerized, linear, water soluble polyacrylamide, partially substituted with acylhydrazide groups. Gelation was effected by the addition of controlled amounts of dialdehydes (e.g. glyoxal). The immobilized yeasts retained full glycolytic activity. Moreover, the entrapped cells were able to grow inside the chemically corsslinked gel during continuous alcohol production. Glyoxal was found to be the most favourable crosslinking agent for this system. the system employed allowed for the free exchange of substrate and products. The gel surrounding the entrapped cells had no effect on temperature stability profile. On the other hand, substantial enhancement in survival of cells in presence of high ethanol concentrations was recorded for the entrapped yeast. The capability of the immobilized yeast to carry out continuous conversion of glucose to ethanol was demonstrated.
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    Observation and assignment of submillimetre laser lines from CH3OH pumped by isotopic CO2 lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 19-25 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract New laser lines have been generated using methanol when isotopically labelled CO2 is used in the pump laser. 19 lines have been found when13C16O2 is used and 29 when12C18O2 is used. The wavelengths of the emission lines have been measured with a relative accuracy of 5×10−3 using the submillimetre resonator as a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer, and the polarizations of the lines have also been measured. Some of the laser lines have been assigned to pure rotational transitions in the excited state associated with the CO stretching mode, other lines are believed to originate from pumping in combination bands.
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    A new method of measuring ultra-short coherent light pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 177-181 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method of pulse width measurement based on the total energy response of an etalon is presented. The theory is developed and results for several pulse shapes are given. The method is unique because no fast response detector is required and there are practically no spectral region limitations.
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    Applications of ps-pulses (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 246-254 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.65 ; 34 ; 42.55 ; 42.70 ; 78
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    Topics: Physics
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    Theory II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 255-261 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 36.20 ; 36.10 ; 02 ; 36 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
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    On a free-electron-laser in a uniform magnetic field. A solution for arbitrarily strong electromagnetic radiation fields (1982)
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 15-18 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 41 ; 42.55 ; 95
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Exact expressions are derived for the gain of a free-electron laser based on a uniform longitudinal magnetic field configuration operating in the single-particle, low-gain regime. The gain is calculated for different parameters of the system. For strong enough a field, the gain decreases with an increase of the amplitude, becoming negative when passing a threshold value, which depends on the system parameters. Implications regarding the saturation of the lasing process are discussed.
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    New lasers II (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 233-239 
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    Keywords: 42.70 ; 42.55 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Physics
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    Laser fusion (1982)
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 269-273 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55 ; 42.80 ; 51
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    Topics: Physics
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    Correlation between adult transformation and aldehyde oxidase staining pattern in wing discs ofApterous genotypes inDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 285-288 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Imaginal discs ; homoeosis ; Compartments ; Aldehyde oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The aldehyde oxidase staining pattern in wing discs ofDrosophila melanogaster bearing the genotypesap blt /ap blt andap blt andap blt /ap 73n showns changes from the wild-type pattern. Extensive areas of the presumptive dorsal posterior wing blade, which are normally unstained, have enzyme activity in these mutants. In wings of these genotypes, dorsal posterior structures are replaced by dorsal anterior wing structures. A strong correlation has been found between the frequencies of various staining patterns in the discs and the extent of transformation in the cuticular structures of the wing, which is consistent with the idea that aldehyde oxidase activity can be used as an indicator in the wing disc of this transformation. Unlike the homoeotic mutationengrailed, apterous has not been interpreted as a selector gene yet the work reported here shows thatapterous alleles can cause changes resembling those of theengrailed phenotype both in aldehyde oxidase staining behaviour and in the cuticular transformation.
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    Effects of the “sexcombless” chromosome (In(1)sx) on males and females ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 264-269 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Sexcombless ; Foreleg basitarsus ; Genital disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosome which carries the mutationsexcombless (In(1)sx) affects males and females ofD. melanogaster. In the male foreleg basitarsi the number of sexcomb teeth is dramatically reduced from 10 to 0.7 and the number of transverse rows of bristles is increased from 6 to 8. Females homozygous forIn(1)sx show a normal bristle pattern in the foreleg basitarsus. The genital disc derivatives of both male and femaleIn(1)sx flies are strongly affected. While the external genitalia show a duplicated or a reduced bristle pattern, the internal genitalia are mostly absent. However, the sexually dimorphic tergites and sternites of the abdomen remain unaffected. The male-specific effect on the basitarsus and the general effects on the genital disc derivatives are proposed to represent two different phenotypic effects ofIn(1)sx which may derive from mutations at different gene loci in the inverted chromosome.
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    Growth is required for cell competition in the imaginal discs ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
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    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 289-291 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Imaginal discs ; Cell competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Imaginal wing discs from late third-instar larvae were gammairradiated to induce clones of rapidly growingMinute − cells in a background of slowly growingMinute cells and culturedin vivo for periods up to 18 days. Clones in discs cultured for 16 to 18 days did not grow significantly larger than clones in uncultured controls, indicating that competition between populations of cells having potentially different mitotic rates does not occur in imaginal discs after their growth is completed.
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    Sequential gene activation by ecdysteroids in polytene chromosomes ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 103-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Polytene Chromosomes ; Ecdysteroids ; Fat Body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in polytene chromosome 3 L puffing patterns in the fat body ofDrosophila melanogaster larvae and prepupae are compared to those in the salivary gland. While some general features are common to the two tissues, there are differences which reflect their different developmental roles. In vitro experiments with fat body chromosomes show that they have a distinct response to ecdysteroids which is different from that of salivary gland chromosomes, and which does not,in this culture system, reproduce the changes observed in normal development. In short term culture experiments, the fat body chromosomes appear more sensitive to ecdysteroids than the salivary gland chromosomes and, although 20-OH ecdysone is more active than ecdysone in these assays, the possibility is not excluded that ecdysone has a role in normal development as it appears to alter gene activity at physiological levels in these cells.
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    Homologies of positional information in thoracic imaginal discs ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
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    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 293-300 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Imaginal discs ; Positional information ; Homology ; Intercalary regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The regulative behavior of fragments of the imaginal discs of the wing and first leg was studied when these fragments were combined with fragments of other thoracic imaginal discs. A fragment of the wing disc which does not normally regenerate when cultured could be stimulated to regenerate by combination with certain fragments of the haltere disc. When combined with a haltere disc fragment thought to be homologous by the criteria of morphology and the pattern of homoeotic transformation, such stimulated intercalary regeneration was not observed. Combinations of first and second leg disc fragments showed that a lateral first leg fragment could be stimulated to regenerate medial structures when combined with a medial second leg disc fragment but not when combined with a lateral second leg disc fragment. Combinations of wing and second leg disc fragments showed that one fragment of the second leg disc is capable of stimulating regeneration from a wing disc fragment while another second leg disc fragment fails to stimulate such regeneration. It is suggested that absence of intercalary regeneration in combinations of fragments of different thoracic imaginal discs is a result of homology or identity of the positional information residing in the cells of the fragments. The pattern of correspondence of positional information revealed by this analysis is consistant with the pattern of homology determined by morphological observation and by analysis of the positional specificity of homoeotic transformation among serially homologous appendages. The implications of the existence of homologous positional information in wing and second leg discs which share a common cell lineage early in development are discussed.
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    Gap junctions are non-randomly distributed inDrosophila wing discs (1982)
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    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 335-339 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Gap junction ; Wing disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution of gap junctions in mature larvalDrosophila melanogaster wing discs was analyzed by means of quantitative electron microscopy. Gap junctions are non-randomly distributed in the proximal-distal disc axis and in the apical-basal cell axis of the epithelium. In the epithelial cells, the surface density, number and length of gap junctions are greatest in the apical cell region and distal disc region. The average gap junction surface density is 0.0572 μm−1 and 2.77% of the lateral cell surface is composed of gap junctions. In the adepithelial cells, the gap junction surface density is 0.0005 μm−1 and 0.06% of the cell surface is composed of gap junctions. No gap junctions were observed between epithelial cells and adepithelial cells. The absolute area of gap junctions was estimated in a proximal-distal strip of cells in the disc and is considerably less in the folded regions of the epithelium compared to the flat notum and wing pouch regions. The results are discussed with respect to pattern formation and growth control in imaginal discs.
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    Dicephalic — ADrosophila mutant affecting polarity in follicle organization and embryonic patterning (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 28-36 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Polarity ; Maternal effect ; Nurse cells ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutationdicephalic (dic) affects follicle development and thereby alters the antero-posterior polarity of embryonic patterning. It maps at a single locus (3–46.0±1.0) and can be characterized as a semi-dominant maternal effect mutation with low penetrance. Indic follicles, the 15 nurse cells form two clusters located at opposite poles of the oocyte; the numerical distribution of the nurse cells among the clusters varies from 7:8 to 1:14. Thedic egg shell carries a micropyle (anterior marker) at either pole, but the misshapen respiratory appendages are restricted to one of the two poles in most eggs. The malformed eggs rarely yield larvae and these are always abnormal anteriorly and/or posteriorly. The segment pattern expressed in their cuticle may represent two anterior parts of opposite polarities (double head type), two posterior parts of opposite polarities (double abdomen type, rare) or show uniform polarity. Lability of organization at the cystocyte stage appears as the primary developmental defect of the mutant.
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    A clonal analysis of cell lineage and growth in the male and female genital disc ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 42-55 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Clonal analysis ; Growth ; Cell lineage ; Genital disc ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary InDrosophila, the terminalia (i.e. internal and external analia and genitalia, except the gonads) are formed by the genital disc. Comparative studies suggested that this disc may have evolved through fusion of the imaginal primordia of the last 3 or 4 abdominal segments. The present report describes the clonal relationships within the complex genital disc. Genetically marked cell clones were induced in male and female embryos and larvae heterozygous for cell marker mutations. 1) Frequencies and sizes of clones suggest that the embryonic disc anlage consists of 14–17 precursor cells: 4–6 for the analia, some 7 for the male genitalia, and 3–4 for the female genitalia. These cells grow exponentially during larval development. 2) In both sexes, the clones were confined to either analia or genitalia, suggesting two separate cell lineages already established at blastoderm. 3) Internal and external genitalia remain in the same compartment at least up to 60 h (end of first instar). 4) A clonal restriction appeared around 84 h (mid second instar), separating a dorsal from a ventral part in the male genitalia. The ventral compartment comprises the ventral part of the lateral plate and clasper, hypandrium, and all internal genitalia. No such boundary was detected in the female. 5) In the female, analia and parovaria originate from the same precursors; another cell lineage forms eighth tergites, vaginal plates, oviduct, receptacle, and spermathecae. 6) In female analia, dorsal and ventral plate share common precursors at least up to 84 h. A medio-lateral boundary may appear at 84 h in the ventral anal plate. No clonal restriction was found in the male analia. 7) At all times, clones could cross between left and right sides of the symmetrical terminalia; they consistently did so via ventral structures. 8) The results are discussed in a phylogenetic context, and we propose that the clonal relations reflect the evolution of the complex genital disc.
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    Maternal effects of zygotic mutants affecting early neurogenesis inDrosophila (1982)
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    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 191-201 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Neurogenic mutants ; Maternal effects ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The size of the neurogenic region ofDrosophila melanogaster is under the control of several genes of zygotic expression. Lack of function from any of those genes produces an increase of the size of the neurogenic region at the expense of the epidermal anlage. However, differences exist in the extent of neuralisation achieved by each of the genetic loci upon mutation. The present results show that in the case ofN andmam phenotype differences are due to different contributions of maternal gene expression. This could be shown by studying the phenotype which appeared in mutant embryos when the oocytes developed from homozygous mutant precursor cells. Clones of mutant cells were induced in the germ line of females heterozygous for the neurogenic mutationin trans over germ line dependent, dominant female sterile mutations. After removing maternal information the phenotype ofN andmam mutants became identical in both cases. Furthermore maternal information fromN + was found to be necessary for viability of the wildtype.
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    Clonal analysis ofsex-lethal, a gene needed for female sexual development inDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Clonal analysis ; Sex determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutationSxl f , located on the X-chromosome, is a sex-limited recessive lethal that specifically kills 2X; 2A flies while it does not affect X; 2A flies (Cline 1978). We have analyzed the role ofSxl f on sex determination by a clonal analysis of a new spontaneous allele,Sxl fLS . Female embryos and larvae heterozygous forSxl fLS were irradiated at different times of development to generate homozygousSxl fLS clones which were recognized by linked marker mutations. We have studied the phenotype of such clones on sexually dimorphic regions of the fly (foreleg basitarsus, 5th, 6th and 7th tergites, analia and external genitalia). Despite their female (2X; 2A) chromosomal constitution, clones homozygous forSxl fLS differentiated male structures. These results confirm and extend the preliminary report of Cline (1979). They show that the wildtype product ofSxl f is required for female development.
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    Interactions among genes controlling sensitivity to radiation (RAD) and to alkylation by nitrogen mustard (SNM) in yeast (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Multiple mutants of DNA repair ; Sensitivity to nitrogen mustard and to radiation ; Thermoconditional DNA repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three haploid yeast mutants (snm) sensitive or thermoconditionally sensitive to the DNA cross-linking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) were crossed with four rad strains representing mutations in the three pathways of DNA dark repair. The resulting haploid double and triple mutant strains were tested for their sensitivity to UV, HN2 and HN1. From the observed epistatic or synergistic interactions of the combinations of mutant alleles we could derive the relation of the SNM1 and SNM2 genes to the postulated repair pathways. Alleles snm1-1 and snml-2 ts were found epistatic to genes of the rad3 group, whereas snm2-1 ts was epistatic to rad6. The snm1 and snm2 mutant alleles interacted synergistically. From these data it is concluded that the SNM1 gene product plays a cross-link specific role in excision repair while the SNM2 gene product may be involved in a system of error-prone repair.
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    Genetic transfer mediated by isolated nuclei in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Hybridization ; Polyethylene glycol ; Nuclear transfer ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Viable hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained by transfer of isolated diploid nuclei into haploid protoplasts using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) fusion procedure.
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    A method to sharply delimit a yeast nuclear gene in a cloned DNA fragment (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 6 (1982), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Transformation ; Gene subcloning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have developped a procedure to delimit the boundaries of a cloned gene carried on a DNA fragment as large as 4 to 5 kilobases. The method consists in the following. Two series of limit digest products generated with a tetranucleotide recognition sequence endonuclease and originating from either of the two ends of this DNA segment are tested for their complementing capacity by yeast transformation. The gene is then delimited by the overlap of the two shortest complementing fragments.
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    Isolation of the TRP2 and the TRP3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by functional complementation in yeast (1982)
    Springer
    Current genetics 5 (1982), S. 39-46 
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    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; TRP2 gene ; TRP3 gene ; Cloning in yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the isolation of the TRP2 and the TRP3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two pools of plasmids consisting of BamHI and Sa1GI yeast DNA inserts into the bifunctional yeast — Escherichia coli vector pLC544 (Kingsman et al. 1979) were constructed in E. coli and used for the isolation of the two genes by selection for functional complementation of trp2 and trp3 mutations, respectively, in yeast. The TRP2 gene was isolated on a 6.2 kb BamHl and a 5.8 kb Sa1GI yeast DNA fragment which shared an identical 4.5 kb BamHI-SaIGI fragment. The TRP3 gene was located on a 5.2 kb BamHl fragment. By physical, genetic and physiological experiments it could be shown that the cloned yeast DNA fragments contained the whole structural sequences as well as the regulatory regions of the TRP2 and the TRP3 genes.
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    Sex pheromone of α mating type in the yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri and its synthetic analogues in relation to sex pheromones in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula wingei (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: a Pheromone ; α Pheromone ; Hansenula wingei ; Inducible mutant ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces kluyveri ; Sexual agglutinability ; Shmoo ; Synthetic analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three analogues of the peptidyl pheromone, α pheromone of Saccharomyces kluyveri, synthesized based on the amino acid sequence proposed by Sato et al. (Agric Biol Chem 45:1531–1533, 1981) were tested for both shmoo-inducing and agglutinability-inducing actions. Purified natural α pheromone of the yeast showed the highest activity among the peptides tested. When methionine in the peptides was oxidized, the activity decreased significatly. α Pheromone of S. kluyveri induced sexual agglutinability in a cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and shmoo in a cells of S. cerevisiae and S. kluyveri. a Pheromone of S. kluyveri had no agglutinability-inducing action on α cells of S. cerevisiae. a Cells of S. kluyveri inactivated only α pheromone of the same species, but a cells of S. cerevisiae inactivated α pheromones of both S. cerevisiae and S. kluyveri.
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    Isolation and characterization of a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 141-143 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ; Gluconeogenesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (E.C. 4.1.1.32) was isolated. The mutant did not grow on gluconeogenic sources except glycerol. The mutation was recessive and apparently affected the structural gene of the enzyme. Intracellular levels of metabolites related to the metabolic situation of the enzyme were not significantly affected after transfer of the mutant from a medium with glycerol to a medium with ethanol as carbon source. In these conditions only AMP decreased 3 to 5 times. A search for mutants affected in the other gluconeogenic enzyme, fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase, remained unsuccessful.
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    Localization of trehalase in vacuoles and of trehalose in the cytosol of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 298-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Protoplast ; Compartmentation ; Vacuole ; Trehalose ; Trehalase ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthesized and degraded trehalose when they were incubated in a medium containing traces of glucose and acetate. Such protoplasts were gently lyzed by the polybase method and a particulate and soluble fraction was prepared. Trehalose was found in the soluble fraction and the trehalase activity mostly in the particulate fraction which also contained the vacuoles besides other cell organelles. Upon purification of the vacuoles, by density gradient centrifugation, the specific activity of trehalase increased parallel to the specific content of vacuolar markers. This indicates that trehalose is located in the cytosol and trehalase in the vacuole. It is suggested that trehalose, in addition to its role as a reserve may also function as a protective agent to maintain the cytosolic structure under conditions of stress.
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    Tryptophan degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Characterization of two aromatic aminotransferases (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 242-248 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Tryptophan degradation to tryptophol ; Degradation-defective mutant strain ; Aromatic aminotransferases ; Tryptophan accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tryptophan was found to be degraded in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mainly to tryptophol. Upon chromatography on DEAE-cellulose two aminotransferases were identified: Aromatic aminotransferase I was constitutively synthesized and was active in vitro with tryptophan, phenylalanine or tyrosine as amino donors and pyruvate, phenylpyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate as amino acceptors. The enzyme was six times less active with and had a twenty times lower affinity for tryptophan (K m=6 mM) than phenylalanine or tyrosine. It was postulated thus that aromatic aminotransferase I is involved in vivo in the last step of tyrosine and phenylalanine biosynthesis. Aromatic aminotransferase II was inducible with tryptophan but also with the other two aromatic amino acids either alone or in combinations. With tryptophan as amino donor the enzyme was most active with phenylpyruvate and not active with 2-oxoglutarate as amino acceptor; its affinity for tryptophan was similar as for the other aromatic amino acids (K m=0.2–0.4 mM). Aromatic aminotransferase II was postulated to be involved in vivo mainly in the degradation of tryptophan, but may play also a role in the degradation of the other aromatic amino acids. A mutant strain defective in the aromatic aminotransferase II (aat2) was isolated and its influence on tryptophan accumulation and pool was studied. In combination with mutations trp2 fbr, aro7 and cdr1-1, mutation aat2 led to a threefold increase of the tryptophan pool as compared to a strain with an intact aromatic aminotransferase II.
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    Temperature dependency of induction of sexual agglutinability by α pheromone in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: α Pheromone ; Cycloheximide ; Inducible a strain ; Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sexual agglutinability ; Temperature-sensitive
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When α pheromone-pretreated cells of an inducible a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying the inducible gene saa1 were incubated in a growth medium at 28°C, induction of sexual agglutinability began after a 10 min lag period. If the cells were incubated at 38°C during the lag period, no induction occurred even after incubation at 28°C. Contrary to this, if the cells were incubated at 28°C during the lag period, almost complete induction occurred, even after transfer to 38°C. Temperature shift experiments revealed that 5 min incubation at 28°C was necessary for the initiation of the temperature-sensitive period and further 5 min incubation for the completion of the period. The temperature-sensitive period was sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.
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    Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of intracellular pH, phosphate compartmentation and phosphate transport in yeasts (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Zygosaccharomyces bailii ; Compartmentation ; Vacuoles ; Internal pH ; Phosphate ; Glycolysis ; Nuclear magnetic resonance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 31P NMR spectra were obtained from suspensions of Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii grown aerobically on glucose. Direct introduction of substrate into the cell suspension, without interruption of the measurements, revealed rapid changes in pH upon addition of the energy source. All 31P NMR spectra of the yeasts studied indicated the presence of two major intracellular inorganic phosphate pools at different pH environments. The pool at the higher pH was assigned to cytoplasmic phosphate from its response to glucose addition and iodoacetate inhibition of glycolysis. After addition of substrate the pH in the compartment containing the second phosphate pool decreased. A parallel response was observed for a significant fraction of the terminal and penultimate phosphates of the polyphosphate observed by 31P NMR. This suggested that the inorganic phosphate fraction at the lower pH and the polyphosphates originated from the same intracellular compartment, most probably the vacuole. In this vacuolar compartment, pH is sensitive to metabolic conditions. In the presence of energy source a pH gradient as large as 0.8 to 1.5 units could be generated across the vacuolar membrane. Under certain conditions net transport of inorganic phosphate across the vacuolar membrane was observed during glycolysis: to the cytoplasm when the cytoplasmic phosphate concentration had become very low due to sugar phosphorylation, and into the vacuole when the former concentration had become high again after glucose exhaustion.
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    Tissue-specific and substrate-specific detection of aldehyde and pyridoxal oxidase in larval and imaginal tissues of Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 315-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: aldehyde oxidase ; pyridoxal oxidase ; tissue specificity ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The substrate specificities of aldehyde and pyridoxal oxidases in Drosophila melanogaster have been determined with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. This analysis has led to the discovery that 2,4,5-trimethoxy-benzaldehyde is a specific substrate for pyridoxal oxidase, as based on the histochemical distribution of oxidase activity, the absence of enzymatic activity in the lpo 1strains, and the dosage dependence on the number of lpo +genes present. The tissue-specific localization of aldehyde oxidase (AO) and pyridoxal oxidase (PO) in the larval and adult structures showed that AO was present in all the major internal organs of the larvae and adults, including brain, imaginal discs, Malpighian tubules, digestive system, and reproductive structures. Pyridoxal oxidase is present in many of the same structures which possess AO, but is missing from the cardia, crop, imaginal discs, ovarian follicle cells, paragonia, pericardial cells, and wreath cells. The only structure which possesses PO but lacks AO is the larval salivary gland. These histochemical differences in AO and PO distribution were also confirmed by enzymatic analysis of the activities present in homogenates of ovaries, paragonia, and salivary glands. The general pattern of enzyme expression appears to be established during embryogenesis and maintained throughout the life of the individual.
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    Selection at the α-Gpdh locus in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 461-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila ; allozymes ; α-Gpdh ; selection ; genetic background
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sets of experiments have been conducted in order to evaluate the role of natural selection at the α-Gpdh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. (1) The evolution of the F-allele frequency has been followed for many generations in 13 experimental populations having different genetic backgrounds. (2) Egg-to-adult viability has been measured in synthetic populations derived from one locality (Brouilly) and the results have been compared with those of a previous experiment involving a different local population (Tostes). (3) The effects of sodium octanoate on egg-to-adult viability have been measured on the genotypes FF, FS, SF, and SS. The results demonstrate that selection operates on a small block of genes which includes the α-Gpdh locus.
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    An esterase duplication in Drosophila: Differences in expression of duplicate loci within and among related species (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 929-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: esterase ; duplication ; gene expression ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An esterase duplication is described in the sibling species pair Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonensis. We present evidence for two separate structural loci mapping at a distance of less than 0.16 recombination units from each other. Alleles at the two loci have the same substrate specificities and form small amounts of interlocus heterodimers. One locus (Est-5) is functioning throughout the insect's life cycle and appears at high concentrations in the hemolymph and the fat body. Its duplicate (Est-4) functions only during the late larval stage and is concentrated mainly in the carcass. No null alleles at either locus were observed in population surveys. An examination of 12 other species from the repleta group, to which D. mojavensis and D. arizonesis belong, suggests that Est-5 is universally present, but the activity levels of Est-4 vary among species and may be totally absent in some species. Variation in the level of Est-4 activity does not closely follow the phylogenetic relationship.
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    The association between malathion resistance and acetylcholinesterase in Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 179-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: acetylcholinesterase ; Drosophila ; malathion ; insecticide resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the 50% survival time for flies feeding on a malathion-containing medium and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined for 15 isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster. A significant correlation was found (r=0.28, P〈0.05), with more resistant lines tending to have a lower level of AChE activity. An association between AChE and malathion resistance was also observed in a selection experiment. The AChE activity decreased in two of two populations selected for malathion resistance. AChE from these populations was altered in kinetic parameters (measured in crude head extracts) and electrophoretic mobility. Although the “resistant” AChE had a lower activity (V m) on either a per milligram protein or a per individual basis, its apparent K m for acetylthiocholine was lower than that of “susceptible” AChE. Recombination mapping of both low activity and fast electrophoretic mobility localized these traits to the region of the structural locus (Ace) on the third chromosome. The AChE activity of flies heterozygous for a variety of Ace lesions (kindly provided by Dr. W. M. Gelbart) was consistent with this location. The changes in AChE were suggested to have been caused by selection of alleles at the Ace locus.
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    Genetic, ontogenetic, and tissue-specific variation of dipeptidases in Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 407-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: dipeptidases ; Drosophila ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three dipeptidases in Drosophila melanogaster are under independent genetic control and their structural genes have been localized, Dip-A to 2R and Dip-B and Dip-C to 3R (Voelker and Langley, 1978; Ohnishi and Voelker, 1981). These enzymes were characterized with respect to their substrate specificities, genetic variability (electrophoretic mobility and quantitative activity level), ontogeny (activity and isozyme pattern), and tissue localization. The dipeptide substrate specificities of DIP-A and DIP-B overlap each other considerably, but do not overlap with DIP-C. In natural populations, DIP-B and DIP-C are essentially monomorphic electrophoretically whereas DIP-A is polymorphic for three allozymes. Both DIP-A and DIP-B show quantitative genetic variation of activity level within an allozyme class. All three enzymes are expressed at all stages in the life cycle, but DIP-A and DIP-B activities vary considerably according to developmental stage and sex of adult. The tissue localizations of DIP-A and DIP-B activities show similar patterns and a nearly ubiquitous occurrence of both enzymes, but with particularly high values in larval and adult midguts and in the adult female reproductive system. These results suggest a general metabolic role for the enzymes, such as regulation of the concentrated pools of amino acids and oligopeptides found in Drosophila tissues.
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    Selection at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster: Effects of ethanol and temperature (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila ; selection ; ethanol ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila melanogaster larvae were subjected to 10 generations of selection on 6% ethanol at 17, 25, and 30°C. For each temperature there was a significant (P〈0.01) increase in the frequency of the Adh isoallele. Controls with no ethanol showed no change in the frequency of the Adh F isoallele. Larvae subjected to stronger selection on 8% ethanol confirmed the results. When adults of various ages were subjected to 16 and 32°C, the ADHF isoenzyme retained its twofold advantage in activity over ADHS regardless of the temperature. The same result was obtained with larvae at 16 and 35°C. Although some effect of temperature was demonstrated, it was concluded that the effect was not strong enough for temperature to be a selective factor under the conditions studied. However, ethanol is a strong selective factor for laboratory populations.
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    Underreplication during polytenization? (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Polytene nuclei ; Underreplication ; Polytenization ; Cytophotometry ; Heterochromatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recent cytophotometric DNA determinations and results of labeling experiments are compared with results of biochemical experiments concerning larval polytene salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. Recent publications (Dennhöfer 1981; 1982 a, b) demonstrate that methodological errors both in hydrolysis of the DNA before Feulgen reaction and in interpretation of the cytophotometric values give raise to the hypothesis of heterochromatic underreplication during polytenization. It is concluded also that methodological difficulties cause the absence of polytene SAT-DNA in biochemical centrifugation experiments since, because of different solubilities of eu- and heterochromatic DNA, the latter is not resolved in DNA isolation procedures from polytene nuclei.
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    Genetic variation for anemotaxis (wind-directed movement) in laboratory and wild-caught populations ofDrosophilia (1982)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 12 (1982), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: anemotaxis ; Drosophila ; habitat selection ; heritability ; wind-directed movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains ofDrosophila melanogaster were selected for anemotactic response for six generations—one line for upwind response and one line for downwind response. A realized heritability estimate ofh 2=0.131 ±0.029 was obtained for the upwind response, and a realized heritability estimate ofh 2=0.012±0.014 was obtained for the downwind response. The divergent selection estimate wash 2=0.031±0.013. These values are consistent with previously reported heritability estimates for phototaxis and geotaxis, and serve to suggest that wind-oriented movement can be rapidly modified by selection under different habitat conditions. A comparison of wind response among wild-caught individuals of 11 species shows significant response differences between closely related species. Evaluation of these differences in light of the ecology of the flies suggests that upwind movement occurs among the monophagous species, which must move long distances to find their specific feeding sites, while downwind movement is more typical of polyphagous species. Species which are found in riparian or montane forest conditions showed a general reluctance to move under windy conditions. This corresponds to previous observations on these species and reflects the absence of wind generally encountered by these species during their natural periods of activity.
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    The reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from a ubiquinone-deficient mutant ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 14 (1982), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Respiratory chain ; ATP synthesis ; mitochondria ; ubiquinone ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; cytochrome oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria, isolated from the ubiquinone-deficient nuclear mutant ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae E3-24, are practically unable to oxidize exogenous substrates. Respiratory activity, coupled to ATP synthesis, can, however, be reconstituted by the simple addition of ethanolic solutions of ubiquinones. A minimal length of the isoprenoid side chain (≥3) was required for the restoration. Saturation of the reconstitution required a large amount of exogeneous ubiquinone, in excess over the normal content present in the mitochondria of the wild type strain. A similar pattern of reconstituted activities could be also obtained using sonicated inverted particles. Mitochondria and sonicated particles are also able to carry out a dye-mediated electron flow coupled to ATP synthesis in the absence of added ubiquinone, using ascorbate or succinate as electron donor. This demonstrates that the energy conserving mechanism at the third coupling site of the respiratory chain is fully independent of the presence of the large mobile pool of ubiquinone in the membrane.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00745017
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    The effects of cytochalasin B and colchicine on the morphogenesis of mitochondria in Drosophila hydei during meiosis and early spermiogenesis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; Meiosis ; Spermiogenesis ; Drosophila ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphogenesis of mitochondria in male germ cells in cultivated cytocysts begins in early prophase I at which time mitochondria thicken and become ordered along the spindle apparatus during meiosis. At the end of the second meiotic division they aggregate to form the Nebenkern. In the presence of colchicine or cytochalasin B mitochondria are able to begin differentiation, although the correct course of meiosis is not guaranteed. In medium supplemented with colchicine they undergo normal thickening but do not aggregate, in a pattern known from untreated cultures. This may indicate that microtubules are involved in the aggregation process of mitochondria as colchicine is known to inhibit microtubule formation. Moreover, in cell cultures treated with cytochalasin B mitochondrial aggregation does occur; it is concluded that microfilaments, which are sensitive to cytochalasin B, do not play a detectable role in the aggregation of mitochondria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217275
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    Ultrastructural pathology of the compound eye and optic neuropiles of the retinal degeneration mutant (w rdgB KS222) Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 11-22 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Transmission and high voltage electron microscopy ; Drosophila ; Degeneration ; Retinular cells ; Optic neuropiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The compound eye and the two most distal optic neuropils (lamina ganglionaris and medulla externa) of the Drosophila mutant w rdgB KS222were examined with transmission electron microscopes at conventional (60 kV) and high (0.8–1 MV) voltages. Eye tissue was sampled in the newly emerged and at 3, 7, and 21 days following eclosion. This mutant is known to show a light-induced degeneration of the peripheral retinular cells (R 1–6); the spectral sensitivity is altered and the threshold is increased reflecting the function of the central cells (R7, 8) which do not degenerate. A totally normal appearing visual system (peripheral retina and optic neuropiles) was found in newly emerged adults. After 3 days the somata of some of the peripheral retinal cells are affected and all of their axons show degeneration. At one week the R 1–6 pathology is well advanced in both somal and axonal regions. In affected cells the cytoplasm is more or less uniformly electron dense and contains liposomes, lysosome-like bodies, myeloid figures and vacuoles suggesting autophagy. Such cytoplasm (noted at 3 and 7 days post-eclosion) exhibits an electron dense reticulum and degenerate mitochondria. Microvilli become more electron dense. Retinular axon terminals are electron opaque and lack synaptic vesicles with few if any presynaptic structures. Mitochondrial remains are barely recognizable. Transsynaptic degeneration was not found. After 3 weeks, the structure of R 1–6 in the peripheral retina (somata and rhabdomeres) is greatly reduced or lost while R7 and R8 and higher order neurons are not affected. The debris from cell bodies and axon terminals of R 1–6 seems diminished, so that some phagocytosis probably takes place along with gliosis in the lamina.
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    Comparative study of structure and function of blood cells from two Drosophila species (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1982), S. 607-615 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hemocytes ; Drosophila ; Ultrastructure ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hemocytes of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila yakuba larvae have been defined in terms of their ultrastructure and functions in “coagulation”, wound healing, encapsulation, phenol-oxydase activity, and phagocytosis. The position of these cells among the classical hemocyte types of insects is determined. We distinguish two plasmatocyte types (macrophage plasmatocytes and lamellocytes) which do not seem to belong to the same lineage, and oenocytoids which are the crystal cells of the literature.
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    Autoradiographic studies of protein and polysaccharide synthesis during vitellogenesis in Drosophila (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 315-333 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Vitellogenesis ; Radiolabelling ; Metabolism ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography was used to evaluate metabolic processes that occur during late developmental stages (10–14) of oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Major differences in radiolabelling patterns were found after in vivo (10–45 min) uptake of [3H]-monosaccharides and [3H]-L-lysine. Several different methods of data analysis were required to facilitate interpretation of these patterns. [3H]-L-lysine produced extensive cytoplasmic labelling at all developmental stages. In addition, about 15% of alpha yolk spheres were intensely labelled at stage 10, reflecting the incorporation of radiolabelled vitellogenins synthesized during the incubation period. Subsequent stages showed low silver grain density over alpha yolk spheres until stage 14, when a burst of [3H]-L-lysine incorporation by most alpha spheres was observed, possibly indicative of a maturation process for embryogenesis. [3H]-D-glucose and [3H]-D-galactose (10 min, in vivo) both induced intense labelling of the beta yolk spheres in a manner suggesting in situ assembly beginning at early stage 13. Inasmuch as the polysaccharide of beta yolk spheres has the properties of glycogen (e.g., rosette structure digested by α-amylase) and the radiolabelled monosaccharides were introduced intraabdominally, it is evident that transport systems as well as enzymes utilizing glucose and galactose for glycogenesis must be readily available. It is notable that wide-spread labelling of egg chambers was elicited by [3H]-D-glucose and [3H]-D-galactose (e.g., nurse cells, follicle cells, chorion, vitelline membrane), but the labelling induced by [3H]-N-acetylmannosamine was restricted mainly to the endochorion. A possible role of microtubules in distribution and assembly of yolk spheres was inferred when colchicine, admixed to the culture medium (2–5 ppm), produced abnormal distribution and diminution in number of both alpha and beta yolk spheres. In addition to revealing previously unknown metabolic events of vitellogenesis, the results provide additional criteria for stage characterization as well as a means to specifically label certain macromolecules for purposes of isolation.
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    A magnetically stabilized coaxial laser discharge (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 161-167 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 52.80 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new magnetic discharge stabilization technique for coaxial laser systems is described. The approach utilizes crosses electric and magnetic fields to create and maintain a large and rapidly rotating plasma volume which does not experience glow-to-arc transitions. Very high cw specific discharge power loadings have been achieved even without the benefit of external gas cooling or circulation. Performance is insensitive to gas composition and pressure such that high power coaxial discharges have been run in CO2 laser gas mixtures up to several hundred torr. Stable cw discharges have also been obtained in mixtures containing several torr of SF6. The technique appears to be readily scalable to give very large excited volumes in systems with comparatively small overall physical dimensions.
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    Long wavelength operation of a CW CO-laser up to 8.18 μm (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 73-76 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A liquid nitrogen cooled cw CO-Laser is described, with which laser action up to 8.18 μm (v=36→35) has been achieved.
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    Design criteria and operating characteristics of a single-mode pulsed dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 141-146 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have designed and tested a pulsed single-mode dye laser for spectroscopy experiments. The dye laser is pumped by a 6 kHz copper vapor laser to produce up to 230 mW average power at over 5% efficiency in a nearly diffraction limited beam. The dye laser pulse closely resembles the 30 ns pump pulse. Using an electronic servo loop, the 60 MHz wide line can be scanned, without mode hopping, through the 16 GHz permitted by the travel on the piezo driven mirror mount.
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    A one joule, XeCl pumped dye laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 31-32 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A 4 J XeCl (308 nm) laser has been used to produce ∼ 1 J of dye laser output from selected dyes whose lasing wavelengths sample the spectral range from 330 to 600 nm.
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    Resonant pumping far-infrared NH3 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 33-36 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared (FIR) NH3 laser was resonantly pumped with a line-tunable infrared (IR) NH3 laser. The number of the observed FIR laser lines amounted to 33. Most of them belonged toaR(J,K) rotation-inversion transition in (0, 1, 0, 0) vibrational state. The line tunability of sealed-off FIR NH3 laser was almost achieved in 90, 115, 150, and 220 μm wavelength regions by the selective line tuning of the pumping IR NH3 laser.
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    Optimization of the UV CuII laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 49-56 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cw output power of the uv CuII laser has been optimized with respect to the hollow cathode geometry, the discharge current, the fill gas pressure and the resonator mirror parameters. A maximum laser output power of 900 mW for multiline operation at 248.6, 259.1, 260.0, and 270.3 nm was achieved with 100 A discharge current, 260 V voltage and 16 mbar fillgas pressure, when a hollow cathode of 1.2 m length and 2×6 mm2 cross section was employed. The single-pass pain gl has been estimated to 7%. A hollow cathode cross section of 1.5×4.5 mm2 is suggested as an optimum geometry. In addition, some investigations on the mechanism of the laser power decay in Ne−Cu-discharges are presented.
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    Single picosecond-pulse generation in a mode-locked oscillator and regenerative amplifier system (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 239-242 
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    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.
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    Theory of passive mode-locking of CW dye lasers with contacted and non-contacted absorbers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 197-202 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical treatment of the influence of a saturable absorber in close contact with a highly reflecting mirror on a light pulse is given. The shaping of a Gaussian pulse during a single passage through such an absorber is calculated for various absorber lengths. The influence of absorber position and length on the pulse parameters and the stability of a continuously pumped dye laser are investigated. The shortest pulses and the most favourable operation conditions of the laser are to be expected in the case of a short contacted saturable absorber.
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    Michelson mode selectors and spatial hole burning in single-mode cw dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 133-140 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-mode selection with Michelson selectors in cw standing-wave dye lasers is analyzed. The application of single and double Michelson mode selectors for compensation of spatial hole burning effects is described in detail. Upper limits for the pumping are considered. It is shown that with spatial hole burning compensation, even the single Michelson selector provides sufficient selectivity for high power single-mode operation in linear cavities.
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    A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a He−Ne laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 193-195 
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    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method for single-frequency operation and stabilization of a low power He−Ne laser has been described and used. With a proper resonator length very weak sideband modes on each side of the strong mode produce a feedback signal to a piezoelectric pusher which controls the resonator length. The long-term frequency stability was estimated to be about ±10 MHz.
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    Simultaneous operation at two different wavelengths of an PrLaP5O14 laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 13-20 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous laser operation at the wavelengths of λ1=637 and λ2=717 in Pr0.5La0.5P5O14 single crystals was observed. The crystals were excited by nanosecond publses from a Coumarin 2 dye laser (λ=450 nm). Laser emissions and their interdependence were studied both in crystals without an external resonator and in crystals placed within a plane parallel resonator. The energetic, time and frequency characteristics for both laser actions were examined. The effect of bifrequential emission was also found in crystals of different ratios of Pr and La ions concentration and in pure praseodymium pentaphosphate.
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    Infrared laser emission in two-photon pumped sodium vapour (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 33-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report infrared laser emission in the region of 3 to 5 μm from sodium vapour optically pumped by a pulsed dye laser with wavelengths ranging from 585 to 610nm. Twophoton excitation processes are believed to be responsible for the primary excitation. Both molecular transitions (4 to 5 μm) between high lying states, and atomic transitions (52 S 1/2−42 P 3/2,1/2 at 3.41 μm) have been identified.
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    On the homogeneization of transverse gas discharges by preionization (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 267-272 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n 0 necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.
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    Theoretical and experimental investigations of a passively mode-locked Nd: Glass laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 341-348 
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    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The presented theoretical model for a mode-locked Nd-glass laser simultaneously takes into account dynamics of the mode-locking dye, amplification saturation and radiation background. A systematic variation of laser parameters gives insight into the pulse formation process and allows to improve the laser design. The calculations show that it should be possible to decrease considerably the duration of light pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser. Using a new mode-locking dye with a switching time of τ=2.7×10−12 s we obtained stable laser operation and a pulse duration of 1.7×10−12s.
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    Measurement of atomic parameters for the3 D 1 state of I–II (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
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    Solvent dependent characteristics of XeCl pumped UV dye lasers (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 17-22 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of near uv dye lasers pumped with short duration, 308 nm pulses from a XeCl laser are described with particular emphasis on the parameters influencing high average power operation. The solvent is shown to effect the operation of all dye lasers studied, particularly the photochemical stability. Measurements of the efficiency, as a function of the integrated pump energy have been made for a series of dye-solvent combinations. With the best combinations, average output powers in excess of 1W and conversion efficiencies greater than 25% were obtained at a repetition rate of ∼100 Hz.
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    A hollow cathode carbon atom laser (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 273-274 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Near-infrared laser action of atomic carbon was obtained using a hollow cathode discharge tube. Besides the known 1.4543 μm and 1.0691 μm laser lines, cw laser operation at 1.0683 μm, 0.9658 μm, and 0.9406 μm wavelength was observed for the first time. The source of carbon was due to dissociation of CO, CO2 or CH4 added to the He buffer gas.
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    A linac-pumped excimer laser: Fluorescence and scaling studies (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 329-336 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This work was an experimental investigation of a potential large-scale excimer laser system, in which a high-pressure KrF gas mix was pumped by the 4-MeV electron beam from an available linear accelerator. As a function of the mix and the pressure, fluorescence from KrF* and/or Kr2F* were produced with good efficiency. Comparing measured data with a kinetic model, it was found that the kinetics followed the “normal” patterns seen in low-energy electron pumping. The data fitting process also resulted in a new value for the three-body quenching rate constant for reactions involving Ar. A critical factor in the development of this laser will be an improvement in beam control over that afforded by a simple solenoidal magnet. The conditions necessary for lasing are predicted; no inherent limitations on scaling of the device were found.
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    Bistability of a CO2 laser with SF6 intracavity as an absorber: Transient effects (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
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    Radiocarbon dating by infrared laser spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 381-386 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A tunable diode laser and a multipass optical cell are used to investigate the feasibility of performing radiocarbon dating by means of infrared spectroscopy. We show that the detection of14CO2 at concentrations of14C/12C≲10−12 is not limited by interferences from the background of normal CO2 molecules, provided the gas sample is cooled. Using short-time constants, the present sensitivity of the infrared technique is comparable to that of an ideal disintegration counter. The experimental results are extrapolated to long time constants to demonstrate that radiocarbon dating by infrared spectroscopy is feasible, and that carbon samples with a mass of less than 1 gm can be dated by this technique.
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    Two-wavelength dye-laser operation using a reflecting Fizeau interferometer (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 7-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Newly found reflection properties of the Fizeau wedge interferometer are shown to be of particular advantage in obtaining efficient multi-wavelength operation of dye lasers. Use is made of the fact that the reflecting Fizeau wedge can ensure at once a selective feedback for a given wavelength and quasi-total reflection in an other direction for all other wavelengths. Fully independent tuning of two 0.02 nm lines is obtained with short pulse (2 ns) N2-laser pumping using a single Fizeau wedge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900388
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  • 198
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    Pulse properties of a synchronously mode-locked, cavity dumped, picosecond dye laser system (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A synchronously mode-locked, cavity-dumped picosecond dye laser is described. The structure and intensity of the picosecond pulses measured under different conditions are reported. It was found that the structure of the pulses from the synchronously pumped dye laser depends critically on the length of the Ar+ laser pulses. At the shortest Ar+ laser pulses of about 70 ps the dye pulses are as short as 1.1 ps. With Ar+ laser pulses of 200 ps the dye laser pulses contains a broad satellite pulse which contains a large fraction of the total intensity. When a cavity dumper is added to the system one gets dye laser pulses 15–20 ps long with a substructure, which indicates incomplete mode-locking. Well mode-locked 1.5–2.0 ps pulses were obtained in the red part of the dye laser action spectrum, i.e. 620–650 nm for R6G, 595–608 nm for R 110 and 657–662 nm for RB, respectively. Addition of mode-locking dyes also improved the pulse quality at some wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899763
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Normal and lectin-mediated aggregation in aDrosophila cell line (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Aggregation ; Lectins ; Cell surface ; Embryo-derived cell line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this paper we describe the aggregation of cells from embryo-derived cell lines ofDrosophila, measured by examining the ability of single cells to adhere to one another when suspended in culture medium and swirled on a rotary shaker. Using this method we demonstrated the presence of receptors for Concanavalin A, soybean agglutinin, and possibly wheat germ agglutinin on the surface of Schneider's line-2 cells. Our work provides basic descriptive and background information for further studies onDrosophila cells, including those isolated from imaginal discs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848405
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  • 200
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    Evidence for myosin heterogeneity inDrosophila melanogaster (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Myosins ; Drosophila ; muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electrophoresis of myosin extracts from larvae and adult tissues ofDrosophila melanogaster under non-dissociating conditions indicate that two of the bands seen are myosins. They stain for Ca2+ ATPase activity and when cut and re-run under dissociating conditions are found to contain a myosin heavy chain that co-migrates with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain. One of the forms of myosin seen is found primarily in extracts from the leg. The other is common to the adult fibrillar flight muscles and the larval body wall muscles. The electrophoretic evidence for two myosin types is strengthened by the histochemical demonstration of two myofibrillar ATPases on the basis of their lability to acid or alkali preincubation. The myofibrillar ATPase in the leg and the Tergal Depressor of the Trochanter (TDT) are shown to be relatively acid labile and alkali stable. The larval body wall muscles and the adult fibrillar flight muscles have an ATPase which is acid stable and alkali labile. This distribution of the two myofibrillar ATPase coincides with that predicted by electrophoresis of extracts from whole tissue and also locates the two myosins to specific muscle types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848758
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