Summary
Recent cytophotometric DNA determinations and results of labeling experiments are compared with results of biochemical experiments concerning larval polytene salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. Recent publications (Dennhöfer 1981; 1982 a, b) demonstrate that methodological errors both in hydrolysis of the DNA before Feulgen reaction and in interpretation of the cytophotometric values give raise to the hypothesis of heterochromatic underreplication during polytenization. It is concluded also that methodological difficulties cause the absence of polytene SAT-DNA in biochemical centrifugation experiments since, because of different solubilities of eu- and heterochromatic DNA, the latter is not resolved in DNA isolation procedures from polytene nuclei.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature
Berger, C.A. (1938): Multiplication and reduction of somatic chromosome groups as a regular developmental process in the mosquito, Culex pipiens. Contributions to Embryology, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Nr. 167
Blumenfeld, M.; Forrest, H.S. (1971): Is Drosophila dAT on the Y-chromosome? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 3145–3149
Blumenfeld, M.; Forrest, H.S. (1972): Differential under-replication of satellite DNAs during Drosophila development. Nat. New Biol. 239, 170–172
Blumenfeld, M.; Orf, J.W.; Sina, B.J.; Kreber, R.A.; Callahan, M.A.; Mullins, J.I.; Snyder, L.A. (1978): Correlation between phosphorylated H1 histones and satellite DNAs in Drosophila virilis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 866–870
Botchan, M.; Kram, R.; Schmid, C.W.; Hearst J.E. (1971): Isolation and chromosomal localization of highly repeated DNA sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 1125–1129
Brutlag, D.; Appels, R.; Dennis, E.S.; Peacock, W.J. (1977a): Highly repeated DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Mol. Biol. 112, 31–47
Brutlag, D.; Carlson, M.; Fry, K.; Hsieh, T.S. (1977b): DNA sequence organization in Drosophila heterochromatin. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 42, 1137–1146
Cohen, L.H.; Gotchel, B.V. (1971): Histones of polytene and nonpolytene nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Chem. 246, 1841–1848
Cohen, E.H.; Bowman, S.C. (1979): Detection and location of three simple sequence DNAs in polytene chromosomes from virilis group species of Drosophila. Chromosoma 73, 327–355
Cordeiro, M.; Wheeler, L.; Lee, C.S.; Kastritis, C.D.; Richardson, R.H. (1975): Heterochromatic chromosomes and satellite DNAs in Drosophila nasutoides. Chromosoma 51, 65–73
Dennhöfer, L. (1981): Complete replication of DNA in polytene nuclei of salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. Wilh. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 190, 237–240
Dennhöfer, L. (1982a): Cytophotometric DNA determinations and replication pattern in salivary gland nuclei from larvae with different karyotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma (In press)
Dennhöfer, L. (1982b): Growth of polytene salivary gland nuclei from larvae with different karyotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Wilh. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. (Submitted)
Dickson, E.; Boyd, J.B.; Laird Ch.D. (1971): Sequence diversity of polytene chromosome DNA from Drosophila hydei. J. Mol. Biol. 61, 615–627
Elgin, S.C.R.; Weintraub, H. (1975): Chromosomal proteins and chromatin structure. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 44, 725–774
Endow, S.A.; Gall, J.G. (1975): Differential replication of satellite DNA in polyploid tissues of Drosophila virilis. Chromosoma 50, 175–192
Endow, S.A.; Polan, M.L.; Gall, J.G. (1975): Satellite DNA sequences of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Mol. Biol. 96, 665–692
Endow, S.A.; Glover, D.M. (1979): Differential replication of ribosomal gene repeats in polytene nuclei of Drosophila. Cell 17, 597–605
Entingh, T.D. (1970): DNA hybridization in the genus Drosophila. Genetics 66, 55–68
Fox, D.P. (1970): A non-doubling DNA series in somatic tissues of the locusts Schistocerca gregaria (Foskal) and Locusta migratoria (Linn.). Chromosoma 29, 446–461
Gage, L.P. (1974): Polyploidization of the silk gland of Bombyx mori. J. Mol. Biol. 86, 97–108
Gall, J.G.; Cohen, E.H.; Polan, M.L. (1971): Repetitive DNA sequences in Drosophila. Chromosoma 33, 319–344
Grimm, Ch.; Kunz W. (1980): Disproportionate rDNA replication does occur in diploid tissue of Drosophila hydei. Mol. Gen. Genet. 180, 23–26
Gurley, L.R.; Walters, R.A.; Barham, S.S.; Deaven, L.L. (1978): Heterochromatin and histone phosphorylation. Expl. Cell Res. 111, 373–383
Heitz, E. (1934): Über α- und β-Heterochromatin sowie Konstanz und Bau der Chromosomen bei Drosophila. Biol. Zentralbl. 54, 588–609
Helmsing, P.J.; van Eupen, O. (1973): Chromatin of Drosophila: isolation and characterization of chromatin of two larval cell types. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 308, 154–160
Hennig, W. (1972): Highly repetitive DNA sequence in the genome of Drosophila hydei. 2: Occurrence in polytene tissues. J. Mol. Biol. 71, 419–431
Hennig, W.; Meer, B. (1971): Reduced polyteny of rRNA cistrons in giant chromosomes of Drosophila hydei. Nature (London), New Biol. 233, 70–72
Holmgren, P. (1980): Variation in histone characteristics among different Drosophila chromatin types. Acta Biol. Yugoslovice, Genetika, Suppl. II, 31
Keyl, H.-G. (1965): Duplikationen von Untereinheiten der chromosomalen DNS während der Evolution von Chironomus thummi. Chromosoma 17, 139–180
Kram, R.; Botchan, M.; Hearst, J.E. (1972): Arrangement of highly reiterated DNA sequences in the centric heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. Evidence for interspered spacer DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 64, 103–117
Laird, C.D.; McCarthy, B.J. (1968 a): Nucleotide sequence homology within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 60, 323–334
Laird, C.D. and McCarthy, B.J. (1968a): Magnitude of interspecific nucleotide sequence variability in Drosophila. Genetics 60, 303–322
Laird, C.D. (1969): Molecular characterization of the Drosophila genome. Genetics 63, 865–882
Lakhotia, S.C. (1974): EM autoradiographic studies on polytene nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster 3: Localization of non-replicating chromatin in the chromocentre heterochromatin. Chromosoma 46, 145–159
Lakhotia, S.C.; Roy, S. (1979): Replication in Drosophila chromosomes. 1: Replication of intranucleolar DNA in polytene cells of Drosophila nasuta. J. Cell Sci. 36, 185–197
Lee, C.S.; Thomas Jr., C.A. (1973): Formation of rings from Drosophila DNA fragments. J. Mol. Biol. 77, 25–55
Mathews, H.R.; Bradbury, E.M. (1978): The role of H1 histone phosphorylation in the cell cycle. Expl. Cell Res. 111, 343–351
Nagl, W. (1976): DNA endoreduplication and polyteny understood as evolutionary strategies. Nature 261, 614–615
Pardue, M.L.; Weinberg, E.; Kedes, L.H.; Birnstiel, M.L. (1972): Localization of sequences coding for histone messenger RNA in the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Cell Biol. 55, 199
Peacock, W.J.; Brutlag, D.; Goldring, E.; Appels, R.; Hinton, C.W.; Lindsley, D.L. (1973): The organization of highly repeated DNA sequences in Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38, 405–416
Peacock, W.J.; Lohe, A.R.; Gerlach, W.L.; Dunsmuir, P.; Dennis, E.S.; Apples, P. (1978): Fine structure and evolution of DNA in heterochromatin. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 42, 1121–1135
Perdrix-Gillot, S. (1979): DNA synthesis and endomitoses in the giant nuclei of the silkgland of Bombyx mori. Biochimie 61, 171–204
Perreault, W.J.; Kaufmann, B.W.; Gay, H. (1968): Similarity in base composition of heterochromatic and euchromatic DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 60, 289–301
Perreault, W.J.; Kaufmann, B.W.; Gay, H. (1973): Repeated DNA sequences in the heterochromatic Y chromosome of adult Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 773–777
Rasch, E.M. (1970): DNA photocytometry of salivary gland nuclei and other tissue systems in dipteran larvae. Wied & Bahr: Introduction to quantitative cytochemistry. 2, 357–397
Renkawitz-Pohl, R. (1977): No underreplication of the repetitive euchromatic 5S RNA genes during endomitosis in Drosophila hydei. J. Cell Biol. 75, 123
Renkawitz-Pohl, R. (1978): Number of the repetitive euchromatic 5S RNA genes in polyploid tissues of Drosophila hydei. Chromosoma 66, 249–258
Renkawitz-Pohl, R. (1979): Proportional polyploidization of 5S RNA genes in the ovary of Drosophila melanogaster containing three 5S RNA gene loci. Chromosoma 70, 305–312
Renkawitz-Pohl, R.; Kunz, W. (1975): Underreplication of satellite DNAs in polyploid ovarian tissue of Drosophila virilis. Chromosoma 49, 375–382
Risler, H. (1959): Polyploide und somalische Reduktion in der Larvenepidermis von Aedes aegypti (Culicidae). Chromosoma 10, 184–209
Risler, H. (1961): Untersuchungen zur somalischen Reduktion in der Metamorphose des Stechmückendarms. Biol. Zentralbl. 80, 413–428
Ritossa, F.M.; Spiegelmann, S. (1965): Localization of DNA complementary to rRNA in the nucleus organizer region of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 53, 737–745
Rodman, T.C. (1967): DNA replication in salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster at successive larval and prepupal stages. Genetics 55, 375–386
Rudkin, G.T. (1964): The structure and function of heterochromatin. Proc. 11th Intern. Congr. Genetics 2, 359–374
Rudkin, G.T. (1965): Non replicating DNA in giant chromosomes. Genetics 52, 470
Rudkin, G.T. (1969): Non replicating DNA in Drosophila. Genetics 61, Suppl. 1, 227–228
Rudkin, G.T. (1972): Replication in polytene chromosomes. In: Developmental studies on giant chromosomes, (ed. Beermann, W.), pp. 59–85. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer
Rudkin, G.T.; Schulz J. (1961): Disproportional synthesis of DNA in polytene chromosome regions in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 46, 893–894
Schachat, F.H.; Hogness D.S. (1973): Repetitive sequences in isolated Thomas circles from Drosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 38, 371–381
Schmidt, E.R. (1980): Two AT-rich satellite DNAs in the Chironomid Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger). Isolation and localization in polytene chromosomes of G. barbipes and Chironomus thummi. Chromosoma 79, 315–328
Schmidt, E.R.; Vistorin, G.; Keyl, G.-H. (1980): An AT-rich DNA component in the genomes of Chironomus thummi and Chironomus piger. Chromosoma 76, 35–45
Skinner, D.M.; Triplett, L.L. (1967): The selective loss of DNA satellites on deproteinization with phenol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 28, 892–897
Spear, B.B. (1974): The genes for ribosomal RNA in diploid polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 48, 159–179
Spear, B.B. (1977): Differential replication of DNA sequences in Drosophila chromosomes. Am. Zool. 17, 695–706
Spear, B.B.; Gall, J.G. (1973): Independent control of ribosomal gene replication in polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 1359–1363
Steinemann, M. (1978): Co-replication of satellite DNA of Chironomus melanotus with mainband DNA during polytenization. Chromosoma 66, 127–139
Swift, H.; Rasch, E.M. (1954): Nucleoproteins in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2, 456–457
Walter, L. (1973): Syntheseprozesse an den Riesenchromosomen von Glyptotendipes. Chromosoma 41, 327–360
Wollenzien, P.; Barsanti, P.; Hearst, J.E. (1977): Location and underreplication of satellite DNA in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 87, 51–65
Woodcock, D.M.; Sibatani, A. (1975): Differential variations in the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster during development. Chromosoma 50, 147–173
Yumis, J.J.; Yasmineh, W.G. (1971): Heterochromatin, satellite DNA, and cell function. Science 174, 1200–1209
Zuchowski, Ch.I.; Harford, A.G. (1976): Unintegrated ribosomal genes in diploid and polytene tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma 58, 235–246
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. F. Linskens
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dennhöfer, L. Underreplication during polytenization?. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 63, 193–199 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303991
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00303991