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  • Articles  (449)
  • Male  (374)
  • Kinetics  (93)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (449)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1983  (139)
  • 1982  (144)
  • 1981  (166)
  • Science. 211(4477): 61-3.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4477): 63-5.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4477): 67-70.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4477): 70-2.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4477): 80-2.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4477): 82-4.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4479): 257.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4480): 398-400.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4481): 448-52.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4482): 595-7.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4482): 601-3.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4482): 603-5.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4483): 725-7.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4485): 942-4.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4485): 951-2.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4486): 1048-51.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4486): 1052-4.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4486): 1056-8.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4486): 1062-4.  (1)
  • Science. 211(4486): 1064-6.  (1)
  • 25
  • Natural Sciences in General  (449)
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  • Articles  (449)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (449)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
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    Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardin, C W -- Catterall, J F -- HD-13541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1285-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/metabolism ; Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Estradiol/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Progestins/physiology ; Proteins/secretion ; Rats ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Saliva as a chemical cue in the development of social behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Throughout development, Mongolian gerbils engage in conspicuous naso-oral investigations of their social partners' mouth areas. The behavioral contribution of saliva-related stimuli in regulating oral-directed responses was studied during several important phases of the gerbil's social life. Weanlings were preferentially attracted to their mother's saliva, subadults at puberty preferred saliva of littermates to that of nonlittermates, and sexually experienced males preferred the saliva of estrous females to that of nonestrous females. The use of saliva as a discriminative cue during various developmental periods suggests that oral chemostimuli have a perennial role in regulating social interchanges.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, M L -- Volpe, L C -- Hayes, M J -- R03MH 27346/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1062-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Female ; Gerbillinae/*physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; Saliva/*physiology ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Living tissue formed in vitro and accepted as skin-equivalent tissue of full thickness (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Living skin-equivalent grafts consisting of fibroblasts cast in collagen lattices and seeded with epidermal cells were successfully grafted onto the donors of the cells. The grafts were vascularized, did not evoke a homograft reaction, inhibited wound contraction, filled the wound space, and persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, E -- Ehrlich, H P -- Buttle, D J -- Nakatsuji, T -- GN25561/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7008197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; *Collagen ; Epidermis/cytology ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts/*transplantation ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Rats ; *Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Chemical triggering of reproduction in Microtus montanus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: In a replicated experiment, nonbreeding winter populations of Microtus montanus were given supplements of rolled oats coated with 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, a naturally occurring plant derivative. After 3 weeks of this feeding regime, samples from the populations demonstrated a high incidence of pregnancy in females and testicular hypertrophy in males. Control populations receiving rolled oats coated only with the solvent showed no reproductive activity. These results demonstrate that the presence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone in the plant food resource acts as the ultimate cue to trigger reproductive effort in Microtus montanus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, P J -- Negus, N C -- Sanders, E H -- Gardner, P D -- RR-07092/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*physiology ; Benzoxazoles/*pharmacology ; Diet ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Plants ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Genetic studies of an acardiac monster: evidence of polar body twinning in man (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Two maternally derived chromosome sets and both maternal histocompatibility antigen haplotypes were identified in the tissues of a malformed triploid acardiac twin that developed within the same chorion as its normal twin. These findings indicate that the twins arose as a result of independent fertilizations, by two different spermatozoa, of a normal haploid ovum and its diploid first-meiotic-division polar body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bieber, F R -- Nance, W E -- Morton, C C -- Brown, J A -- Redwine, F O -- Jordan, R L -- Mohanakumar, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/*genetics ; Female ; Fertilization ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Meiosis ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Familial studies of intelligence: a review (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: A summary of 111 studies identified in a survey of the world literature on familial resemblances in measured intelligence reveals a profile of average correlations consistent with a polygenic mode of inheritance. There is, however, a marked degree of heterogeneity of the correlations within familial groupings, which is not moderated by sex of familial pairing or by type of intelligence test used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- McGue, M -- 5 T32 MH14647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1055-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Family ; Female ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sex Factors ; Twins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Morphiceptin (NH4-tyr-pro-phe-pro-COHN2): a potent and specific agonist for morphine (mu) receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The synthetic peptide NH2-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-CONH2 (morphiceptin), which is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta-casein, has morphinelike activities and is highly specific for morphine (mu) receptors but not for enkephalin (delta) receptors. It is as active as morphine in the guinea pig ileum but much less active in the mouse and rat vas deferens. The discovery of this specific morphine receptor ligand substantiates the hypothesis of multiple opiate receptors. The ligand, which may be of physiological significance since a very similar, or identical, activity can be detected in enzymatic digests of beta-casein, may prove useful for further investigation of the functions of opiate receptor subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, K J -- Lillian, A -- Hazum, E -- Cuatrecasas, P -- Chang, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Caseins/pharmacology ; Dihydromorphine/metabolism ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Naloxone/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Lactose facilitates the intestinal absorption of lead in weanling rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: The milk sugar lactose is known to facilitate calcium absorption and has been shown to enhance the uptake of essential trace metals from the intestines as well. Its physiological role as the major carbohydrate source for suckling mammals is thus complemented by its ability to facilitate the absorption of necessary minerals. The studies reported here show that the intestinal absorption of lead and its uptake into blood, liver, kidney, and bone are also increased by lactose in young weanling rats. These data extend the known range of lactose facilitation of mineral absorption to a nonessential, toxic element, confirming the nonspecificity of its action on the gut. In addition, they suggest an explanation for some of the conflicting evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of milk in lead poisoning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushnell, P J -- DeLuca, H F -- ES-05147/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Disaccharides/pharmacology ; Hexoses/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Lactose/*pharmacology ; Lead/*metabolism ; Lead Poisoning/metabolism ; Male ; Milk/metabolism ; Rats ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Benzodiazepine inhibition of the calcium-calmodulin protein kinase system in brain membrane (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Benzodiazepines inhibit Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated membrane protein phosphorylation. The effects of the benzodiazepines on protein phosphorylation are stereospecific and produced by membrane-bound benzodiazepine. The potency of benzodiazepine kinase inhibition is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit electric shock-induced convulsions. These findings provide evidence that some of the anticonvulsant and neuronal stabilizing effects of benzodiazepines may be modulated by the Ca2+-calmodulin protein kinase system and indicate that this calmodulin-kinase system represents an identifiable benzodiazepine receptor in brain that is distinquishable by several criteria from the previously described high affinity benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLorenzo, R J -- Burdette, S -- Holderness, J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NSI-EA-1-K04-NS245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism ; Brain/*enzymology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Calmodulin/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Entorhinal and septal inputs differentially control sensory-evoked responses in the rat dentate gyrus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Averaged sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in naive rats and in rats conditioned to respond in the presence of an auditory stimulus. Two components (negative peaks) of the potentials were functionally distinguished in terms of responsiveness to unique or conditioned auditory stimuli. Each component was independently generated by a separate input pathway to the dentate gyrus: The perforant path provided an "insignificance" or "unexpected" feature of the sensory stimulus when appropriate, and the septum controlled the development of a second component as a function of the behavioral significance of the stimulus during the acquisition of auditory discrimination behavior. A reciprocal relationship between the peak amplitudes of both components of the average evoked potentials dependent on the relative behavioral significance of the sensory stimulus was observed in all animals during extinction and reconditioning of the sensory discrimination task. The findings indicate that the entorhinal and septal projections to the dentate granule cells are activated differentially by sensory stimuli as a function of their acquired behavioral significance to the animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deadwyler, S A -- West, M O -- Robinson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rats ; Septal Nuclei/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
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  • 12
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    Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
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  • 13
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    Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, E -- Antin, S P -- Bilder, R M Jr -- Gerstman, L J -- Hughes, J E -- Mattis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amnesia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/injuries/*physiopathology ; Skull Fractures/complications
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  • 14
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    Isolation of biological materials by use of erbium (III)--induced magnetic susceptibilities (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, C H -- Tew, W P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cations ; *Erbium ; Kinetics ; *Magnetics
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  • 15
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    Increased intracranial self-stimulation in rats after long-term administration of desipramine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: The effects of long- and short-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on intracranial self-stimulation in rats were studied with electrodes in the A10 region of the dopamine-containing cell bodies of the ventromedial tegmentum. Long-term desipramine administration resulted in a significant shift to the left in the ascending portion of the rate--current intensity function, indicating that the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system was enhanced. These findings point to a possible dopaminergic mechanism of action of antidepressants and support speculations concerning the role of dopamine-containing neurons in the pathophysiology of depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibiger, H C -- Phillips, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression/physiopathology ; Desipramine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Serums and extracts of tissues from the female garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) each act as a pheromone and elicit male courtship behavior when applied to the back of another male. Since pheromonal activity is present in yolk and liver tissue of untreated females and can be induced with estrogen treatment in the serums and livers of males, the pheromone may be associated with the circulating yolk lipoprotein, vitellogenin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garstka, W R -- Crews, D -- 1 KOZ MH 00135/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- HD 12709/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Lipids/physiology ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*metabolism ; Sex Attractants/blood/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Skin/metabolism ; Snakes/*physiology ; Vitellogenins/physiology
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  • 17
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    Vagotomy abolishes cues of satiety produced by gastric distension (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez, M F -- Deutsch, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feeding Behavior ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; *Satiety Response ; Stomach/*physiology ; *Vagotomy
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  • 18
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    Plasmid-assisted molecular breeding: new technique for enhanced biodegradation of persistent toxic chemicals (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: The persistence of synthetic herbicides such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and its release in massive amounts as a herbicide (Agent Orange) have created toxicological problems in many countries. In nature, 2,4,5-T is slowly degraded by cooxidation and is not utilized as a sole source of carbon and energy. The technique of plasmid-assisted molecular breeding has led to the development of bacterial strains capable of totally degrading 2,4,5-T by using it as their sole source of carbon at high concentrations (greater than 1 mg/ml). Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography reveal various intermediates during growth of the culture with 2,4,5-T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kellogg, S T -- Chatterjee, D K -- Chakrabarty, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1133-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*metabolism ; Bacteria/*genetics/metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Cell Division ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Plasmids
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  • 19
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    Rapid massive assembly of tight junction strands (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Incubation at 37 degrees C of excised rat prostate tissue results in massive proliferative assembly of new tight junction strands along the entire lengths of the lateral plasma membranes of the columnar epithelial cells. The new tight junction elements are assembled within 5 minutes and have an average length six times that of those present in the apical tight junction band. Massive assembly occurs in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide) or of metabolic uncouplers (dinitrophenol). Thus, proliferative assembly of tight junction strands involves molecular reorganization from a pool of preexisting, probably membrane-associated, components. The fascia occludens and some examples of experimentally induced tight junction proliferation may reflect the massive emergence of tight junction strands when tissue is subjected to diverse stressful conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kachar, B -- Pinto da Silva, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Prostate/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 20
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    An endocrine approach to the control of epidermal growth: serum-free cultivation of human keratinocytes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: Human keratinocytes, derived from the skin of newborns and of adults, were grown in the complete absence of serum, in a hormone-supplemented medium on fibronectin-coated cell culture dishes at low seed density. The cell culture medium consisted of Medium 199 containing epidermal growth factor, triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, Cohn fraction IV, insulin, transferrin, bovine brain extract, and trace elements. Removal of the brain extract from the hormone supplement had a greater negative impact on proliferation of the keratinocyte cultures than did the removal of epidermal growth factor, hydrocortisone, and triiodothyronine or Cohn fraction IV. The growth of keratinocytes in this hormone-supplemented medium suggests that control of keratinocyte growth depends in large part on endocrine stimulation by other body organs, including the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maciag, T -- Nemore, R E -- Weinstein, R -- Gilchrest, B A -- AG 0599/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HO 07374/HO/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6970413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Chemistry ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques/*methods ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Face ; Fibronectins ; Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Penis ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Skin/*cytology/drug effects
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  • 21
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    Divalent cation ionophores stimulate resorption and inhibit DNA synthesis in cultured fetal rat bone (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and Ionomycin, which are selective for calcium, stimulated the resorption of fetal rat long bones in organ culture at 0.1 to 1 micromolar but not at higher concentrations. Both agents inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations that stimulated resorption. These results might explain the differences in ionophore effects on bone previously reported, and they imply that cell replication is not required for osteoclast formation in fetal rat long bone cultures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenzo, J A -- Raisz, L G -- AM 07290/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 18063/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Resorption/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Fetus ; Ionomycin ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Hibernation and longevity in the Turkish hamster Mesocricetus brandti (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: A positive correlation was found between the length of life of 288 Turkish hamsters and the amount of time spent in hibernation, suggesting that the process of aging is slowed during hibernation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyman, C P -- O'Brien, R C -- Greene, G C -- Papafrangos, E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cricetinae/*physiology ; Female ; *Hibernation ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*physiology ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Temperature
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    Sexual differentiation of the central nervous system (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual differentiation of reproductive and behavior patterns is largely effected by hormones produced by the gonads. In many higher vertebrates, an integral part of this process is the induction of permanent and essentially irreversible sex differences in central nervous function, in response to gonadal hormones secreted early in development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacLusky, N J -- Naftolin, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1294-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6163211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Brain/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/*embryology/physiology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Ovary/secretion ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testis/secretion ; Time Factors ; alpha-Fetoproteins/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    The AF64a-treated mouse: possible model for central cholinergic hypofunction (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: A loss in the number of functional, sodium ion-dependent, high-affinity choline transport sites was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of mice given an intracerebroventricular injection of 65 nanomoles of AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion) 3 days earlier. Such an effect was not observed in the striatum. This effect of AF64A represents a long-term neurochemical deficit at cholinergic nerve terminals in some brain regions which can lead to a persistent deficiency in central cholinergic transmission. The AF64A-treated animal may thus be a model for certain psychiatric or neurological disorders that appear to involve central cholinergic hypofunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mantione, C R -- Fisher, A -- Hanin, I -- MH 26320/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH/AG 34893/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):579-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6894649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aziridines/*pharmacology ; Azirines/*pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Choline/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 25
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    Modulation of parallel fiber excitability by postsynaptically mediated changes in extracellular potassium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: Field potentials and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) were simultaneously monitored in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex during stimulation of the parallel fibers. The synaptic field potential elicited by stimulation was reduced by several methods. Reduction of synaptic field potentials was accompanied by a marked increase in the excitability of the parallel fibers. This change in excitability was related to the degree of extracellular K+ accumulation associated with parallel fiber stimulation. These findings support the proposal that increases in [K+]o associated with activity in postsynaptic elements can modulate the excitability of presynaptic afferent fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malenka, R C -- Kocsis, J D -- Ransom, B R -- Waxman, S G -- NS 15589/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-00473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/*physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cerebellar Cortex/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Male ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 26
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    Intrathecal interferon reduces exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: Ten patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) for 6 months showed a significant reduction in their exacerbation rates compared with their rates before treatment (P 〈 .01). The IFN-B was administered intrathecally by serial lumbar punctures. There was no significant change in the exacerbation rates of ten multiple sclerosis control patients before and during the period of observation. The IFN-B recipients have now been on the study a mean of 1.5 years, the controls, 1.2 years. The clinical condition of five of the IFN-B recipients and one of the control patients has improved, whereas the condition of five of the controls and one of the IFN-B recipients has deteriorated (P 〈 .036). These findings warrant cautious optimism about the efficacy of intrathecal IFN-B in altering the course of multiple sclerosis and support concepts of a viral or dysimmune etiology of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, L -- O'Malley, J -- Freeman, A -- Ekes, R -- CA-18533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy
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  • 27
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    Cancer incidence in the Love Canal area (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Data from the New York Cancer Registry show no evidence for higher cancer rates associated with residence near the Love Canal toxic waste burial site in comparison with the entire state outside of New York City. Rates of liver cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia, which were selected for special attention, were not consistently elevated. Among the other cancers studied, a higher rate was noted only for respiratory cancer, but it was not consistent across age groups and appeared to be related to a high rate for the entire city of Niagara Falls. There was no evidence that the lung cancer rate was associated with the toxic wastes buried at the dump site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janerich, D T -- Burnett, W S -- Feck, G -- Hoff, M -- Nasca, P -- Polednak, A P -- Greenwald, P -- Vianna, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia/epidemiology ; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lymphoma/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; New York ; Registries ; Soil Pollutants/*adverse effects
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  • 28
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    Electroconvulsive shock increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain and adrenal gland of the rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: A single application of electroconvulsive shock produced a rapid but short-lasting increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity above control values in the rat adrenal medulla and striatum. After repeated electroconvulsive shock treatment (once per day for 7 days), tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased significantly in the locus ceruleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex and remained elevated for 4 to 8 days. Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased 1 day after the termination of repeated electroconvulsive shock treatments and remained elevated for at least 24 days, possibly reflecting the establishment of a new and higher steady-state level of catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal. These findings suggest that the persistent changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity produced by repeated electroconvulsive shock may be a factor contributing to the long-lasting antidepressant effects of this treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masserano, J M -- Takimoto, G S -- Weiner, N -- NS 07927/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*enzymology ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; *Electroshock ; Enzyme Induction ; Locus Coeruleus/enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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  • 29
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    Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from a tryptophan pyrolyzate (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: The compounds 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, which are potent mutagens in a tryptophan pyrolyzate, ar hepatic carcinogens when given orally to mice at concentrations of 200 parts per million in a pellet diet. Female mice showed higher susceptibilities to both compounds than male mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsukura, N -- Kawachi, T -- Morino, K -- Ohgaki, H -- Sugimura, T -- Takayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/*pharmacology ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutagens/*pharmacology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Sex Factors
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  • 30
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    Stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization by prolactin in vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: In vitamin D-deficient rats intestinal calcium transport increased significantly 4 hours after an injection of prolactin, reached a maximum after 8 hours, and declined to preinjection levels after 24 hours. Similarly, in vitamin D-deficient rats fed a diet low in calcium or phosphorus prolactin stimulated an increase in serum calcium in both groups and an increase in serum phosphorus in the rats fed the diet low in phosphorus. Thus it appears that prolactin affects organs involved in calcium regulation in a manner that is independent of the vitamin D endocrine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pahuja, D N -- DeLuca, H F -- AM-14881/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1038-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Intestine, Small/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Prolactin/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of a testicular substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: A substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was demonstrated, by immunohistochemical procedures, in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells within the rat testes. In many seminiferous tubules, nuclei of spermatogonial cells were also immunopositive. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of testicular homogenates contain immunoreactive compounds, and this report identifies which cell types contain this substance. The localization of a peptide hormone within the nucleus of a target cell population may indicate its mode of action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paull, W K -- Turkelson, C M -- Thomas, C R -- Arimura, A -- HD14761/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7022653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogonia/metabolism ; Testis/*metabolism
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    Brain tumors in children and occupational exposure of parents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Ninety-two cases of brain tumor in children less than 10 years old were compared with 92 matched controls for parental occupational history. Cases were more likely than controls to show material occupations involving chemical exposure, paternal occupations involving solvents, and employment of father in the aircraft industry. These three factors were not affected by adjustment for the potential confounding variables examined in this study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peters, F M -- Preston-Martin, S -- Yu, M C -- P01CA17054/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA20571/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects ; Brain Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Respiration ; Risk ; Skin Absorption ; Solvents
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    Auditory intensity discrimination after selective loss of cochlear outer hair cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: The contributions of the inner and outer hair cells of the mammalian cochlea to auditory intensity discrimination were evaluated in a combined behavioral-anatomical study of the guinea pig. Intensity difference thresholds were unchanged from baseline values after selective destruction of outer hair cells, suggesting that those cells are unnecessary for normal intensity discrimination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prosen, C A -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- Hawkins, J E Jr -- NS 05065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 05785/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1286-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Auditory Threshold/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects/physiology ; *Hearing/drug effects ; Kanamycin/pharmacology ; Male
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    Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Mice fed a purified diet low in copper display anemia, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed concentrations of liver copper, and elevated concentrations of liver iron. An impaired humoral-mediated immune response (decreased numbers of antibody-producing cells) is observed in mice with severe as well as marginal copper deficiency. The magnitude of this impairment is highly correlated with the degree of functional copper deficiency (hypoceruloplasminemia).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prohaska, J R -- Lukasewycz, O A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ceruloplasmin/metabolism ; Copper/*deficiency/pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/drug effects
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    Medical therapies for mood disorders alter the blood-brain barrier (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The effects of amitriptyline, lithium, and electroconvulsive shock on cerebral permeability and blood flow were tested. These three treatments share in common (i) the ability to influence the functional activity of central adrenergic neurons by way of effects on the release, reuptake, or metabolism of norepinephrine and (ii) therapeutic efficacy in mood disturbances. Under control conditions, cerebral permeability increases linealy with increasing arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hence cerebral blood flow. All three treatments altered this relationship in a manner consistent with their adrenergic effects. Amitriptyline potentiated this increase in cerebral permeability whereas lithium and electroconvulsive shock blunted this phenomenon. These results support the hypothesis that one function of central adrenergic neurons is regulation of the blood-brain barrier and raise the possibility that a related effect may underlie the clinical usefulness of such treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preskorn, S H -- Irwin, G H -- Simpson, S -- Friesen, D -- Rinne, J -- Jerkovich, G -- GM15956/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-00272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS17252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amitriptyline/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Electroshock ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
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  • 36
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    Vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein: immunocytochemical localization in chick kidney (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: A vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in the chick kidney that was detected by immunocytochemical techniques was localized exclusively in the distal convoluted tubule, the initial collecting tubule, and the early part of the collecting tubule. The intercalated (mitochondria-rich) cells in these tubular segments were negative for the calcium binding protein. Subcellularly, the protein was found in the cytosol and the nucleus of the tubular cells. The results suggest a role for vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in intracellular calcium metabolism rather than a direct involvement in membrane-mediated calcium reabsorption in the avian kidney.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roth, J -- Thorens, B -- Hunziker, W -- Norman, A W -- Orci, L -- AM-09012/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-14, 750/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):197-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chickens ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Kidney/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/immunology/*metabolism
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    Early removal of one eye reduces normally occurring cell death in the remaining eye (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: During normal development of the hamster eye, there is a substantial loss of cells from the retinal ganglion cell layer in the first two postnatal weeks. If one eye is lost at birth, this cell death is reduced in the remaining eye. This may account for the increased ipsilateral projection from this eye to the thalamus and midbrain observed in these animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sengelaub, D R -- Finlay, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):573-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Survival ; Cricetinae ; Kinetics ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Retina/cytology/*physiology
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
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    Pentobarbital: dual actions to increase brain benzodiazepine receptor affinity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: The binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors was studied in extensively washed membranes of rat cerebral cortex in the presence of the depressant barbiturate, pentobarbital. Pentobarbital, like the endogenous neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increased the basal binding and also potentiated the GABA-enhanced binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors by increasing the apparent affinity of [3H]diazepam for the benzodiazepine receptor. The concentrations of pentobarbital necessary to elicit these effects in vitro are the same as those observed after treatment with pharmacologically relevant doses, suggesting that a common neurochemical association may exist between these types of compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, P -- Moncada, V -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Male ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Stimulation, Chemical ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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    Studies in histocompatibility (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snell, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):172-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Heterozygote ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Pedigree ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Bee venom enhances guanylate cyclase activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Bee venom and phospholipase A2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. Dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase A2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Phospholipases/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats
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  • 42
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    Biopterin cofactor biosynthesis: independent regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase in adrenal medulla and cortex (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate-limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viveros, O H -- Lee, C L -- Abou-Donia, M M -- Nixon, J C -- Nichol, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/drug effects/*enzymology ; Adrenal Glands/innervation ; Adrenal Medulla/drug effects/*enzymology ; Aminohydrolases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopterin/*biosynthesis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Denervation ; GTP Cyclohydrolase/*metabolism ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pteridines/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology
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    Meprobamate reduces accuracy of physiological detection of deception (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Normal male subjects attempted to deceive an experimenter recording electrodermal, respiratory, an cardiovascular activity. Those who had ingested a placebo or nothing were detected with statistically significant frequency on the basis of their phasic electrodermal responses, which clearly distinguished them from truthful suspects. That was not the case with deceptive subjects who had ingested 400 milligrams of meprobamate, nor did the examiner detect which subjects had received the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waid, W M -- Orne, E C -- Cook, M R -- Orne, M T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Galvanic Skin Response/drug effects ; Humans ; *Lie Detection ; Male ; Meprobamate/*pharmacology ; Overlearning ; Respiration/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/physiology
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    Vitellogenesis and the vitellogenin gene family (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Vitellogenin is synthesized under estrogen control in the liver, extensively modified, transported to the ovary, and there processed to the yolk proteins lipovitellin and phosvitin. In the frog Xenopus laevis there are at least four distinct but related vitellogenin genes. The two genes A1 and A2 have a 95 percent sequence homology in their messenger RNA coding regions, and contain 33 introns that interrupt the coding region (exons) at homologous positions. Sequences and lengths of analogous introns differ, and many introns contain repetitive DNA elements. The introns in these two genes that have apparently arisen by duplication have diverged extensively by events that include deletions, insertions, and probably duplications. Rapid evolutionary change involving rearrangements and the presence of repeated DNA suggests that the bulk of the sequences within introns may not have any specific function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wahli, W -- Dawid, I B -- Ryffel, G U -- Weber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):298-304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; *Genes ; Lipoproteins/*genetics ; Liver/secretion ; Male ; Oocytes/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Vitellogenins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Xenopus laevis/*genetics/metabolism
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    Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Arginine vasopressin and a number of its synthetic analogs augment memory functions in experimental animals. One of these analogs, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), influences human learning and memory. Cognitively unimpaired, as well as cognitively impaired adults, treated with DDAVP for a period of several days, learn information more effectively, as measured by the completeness, organization, and consistency (reliability) of recall. DDAVP also appears to reverse partially the retrograde amnesia that follows electroconvulsive treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Gold, P -- Ballenger, J C -- Smallberg, S A -- Summers, R -- Rubinow, D R -- Post, R M -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Middle Aged
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  • 46
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    Receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface may mediate uptake of fatty acids and other albumin-bound substances (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Kinetic analysis of the uptake of carbon-14-labeled oleate in a single-pass perfusion of rat liver and saturable and specific binding of iodine-125-labeled albumin to hepatocytes in suspension suggest the existence of a receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface. The putative receptor appears to mediate uptake of albumin-bound fatty acids by the cell and may account for the efficient hepatic extraction of many other substances tightly bound to albumin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisiger, R -- Gollan, J -- Ockner, R -- AM-07007/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-13328/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-21899/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Oleic Acids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptors, Albumin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Serum Albumin/*metabolism
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    The hormonal control of sexual development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J D -- George, F W -- Griffin, J E -- AM03892/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Gonadotropins/physiology ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Mullerian Ducts ; Ovary/embryology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/secretion ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Urogenital System/embryology ; Wolffian Ducts
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    Genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: A genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) has been identified in a colony of Brittany spaniels. Immunochemical methods show no detectable C3 in the serum of the affected dogs, and there is no evidence of an inhibitor of C3 in the serum. The C3 deficiency appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winkelstein, J A -- Cork, L C -- Griffin, D E -- Griffin, J W -- Adams, R J -- Price, D L -- AI-11637/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NS-10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR-00130/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1169-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complement C3/deficiency/*genetics ; Dog Diseases/genetics ; Dogs ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote Detection ; Homozygote ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy/genetics/veterinary ; Pedigree
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    Gene for neuraminidase activity on mouse chromosome 17 near h-2: pleiotropic effects on multiple hydrolases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The low activity of liver neuraminidase that is characteristic of mouse strain SM/J is inherited as a single gene on chromosome 17, near the major histocompatibility complex. This gene, neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1), is represented by the low activity allele Neu-1s in SM/J and the high activity allele Neu-1b in C57BL/6J and most other strains. Previously described variations in the posttranslational processing of acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase-B, and alpha-glucosidase are attributed to pleiotropic effects of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Womack, J E -- Yan, D L -- Potier, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):63-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics/metabolism ; Neuraminidase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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    Stress-induced analgesia in humans: endogenous opioids and naloxone-reversible depression of pain reflexes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The cumulative effects of a repetitive stress induced by anticipation of pain (noxious foot shock) were studied on the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb. The threshold of the nociceptive reflex progressively increased with the repetition of the stress. This effect was reversed by naloxone, which even produced hyperalgesia, since a rapid and significant decrease in this threshold, below the initial values, was noted. Tha data provide evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia in normal man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willer, J C -- Dehen, H -- Cambier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Reflex/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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    Nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and novobiocin inhibit yeast glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit the aminoacylation and pyrophosphate exchange activities of glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases from bakers' yeast. Similar types of inhibition are observed for both enzymes, suggesting similar mechanisms. The potency of these inhibitors is comparable to that observed for their inhibition of in vivo DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, H T -- Nurse, K C -- Goldstein, D J -- GM 07654/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23598/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Glycine-tRNA Ligase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Kinetics ; Leucine-tRNA Ligase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Nalidixic Acid/*pharmacology ; Novobiocin/*pharmacology ; Oxolinic Acid/*pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate are highly responsive to epidermal growth factor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, T -- Pratt, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Palate/drug effects/*physiology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy
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    Electroencephalographic tolerance and abstinence phenomena during repeated alcohol ingestion by nonalcoholics (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Certain measures of the auditory average evoked response are sensitive to alcohol and provide evidence for abstinence and tolerance during and after 10 days of alcohol consumption by nonalcoholics. Electroencephalographic techniques provide a single sensitive measure for the study of the etiology of tolerance and abstinence with particular reference to a new area of investigation with nonaddicted humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zilm, D H -- Kaplan, H L -- Capell, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*physiopathology ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Eye Movements/drug effects ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Posture/drug effects ; *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
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    Induced hearing deficit generates experimental paranoia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: The development of paranoid reactions was investigated in normal people experiencing a temporary loss of hearing. In a social setting, subjects made partially deaf by hypnotic suggestion, but kept unaware of the source of their deafness, became more paranoid as indicated on a variety of assessment measures. The results support a hypothesizes cognitive-social mechanism for the clinically observed relationship between paranoia and deafness in the elderly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimbardo, P G -- Andersen, S M -- Kabat, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Hearing Loss/*psychology ; Hearing Loss, Functional/*psychology ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Male ; Paranoid Disorders/*etiology ; Personality Tests
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    Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Reexamination of acoustic evidence in the Kennedy assassination. Committee on Ballistic Acoustics, National Research Council (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Sounds recorded in Dallas at the time of the assassination of John F. Kennedy were analyzed by two research groups, whose reports formed the basis for the opinion that two gunmen fired at President Kennedy. These reports and the acoustic evidence have been studied by the Committee on Ballistic Acoustics, and further acoustic analyses, including sound spectrograms, have been performed. The committee finds that the acoustic data do not support a conclusion that a second gunman was involved in the assassination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):127-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics ; *Famous Persons ; *Forensic Medicine ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Texas ; *Wounds, Gunshot
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    Prenatal and neonatal exposure to cimetidine results in gonadal and sexual dysfunction in adult males (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Exposure of rats to cimetidine during intrauterine life and the immediate neonatal period results in hypoandrogenization in adult life with decreased weights of androgen-dependent tissues and decreased concentrations of testosterone. Moreover, sexual behavior patterns in adult life are disturbed as shown by a lack of sexual motivation and decreased performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anand, S -- Van Thiel, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling ; Cimetidine/metabolism/*toxicity ; Female ; Guanidines/*toxicity ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/drug effects ; Rats ; Sex Differentiation/*drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
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    Measurement of intracellular free calcium in monkey kidney cells with aequorin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: A method has been developed for the measurement of intracellular free calcium in mammalian cells. The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin can be incorporated into isolated cells by hypo-osmotic treatment without altering the cell viability, permeability, or metabolism. Intracellular calcium activity (Cai2+) was monitored in a perfusion system. In monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2), Cai2+ is approximately 57 nanomoles per liter. Changes in Cai2+ with time can also be followed: exposure of the cells to anaerobiosis or the calcium ionophore A23187 reversibly increases Cai2+. The method has also been successfully tested in rat hepatocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borle, A B -- Snowdowne, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):252-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6806904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aequorin ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Luminescent Proteins ; Macaca mulatta
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    Micromolar affinity benzodiazepine receptors: identification and characterization in central nervous system (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Receptors that selectively bind micromolar concentrations of benzodiazepines are present in rat brain membrane. These micromolar receptors exhibit saturable, stereospecific binding, and the potency of benzodiazepine binding to these receptors is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit maximum electric shock-induced convulsions. Benzodiazepine receptors with nanomolar affinity differ from the micromolar receptors in their binding, kinetic, and pharmacologic characteristics. The micromolar receptors also bind phenytoin, a non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant. These results provide evidence for a distinct class of clinically relevant benzodiazepine receptors that may regulate neuronal excitability and anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowling, A C -- DeLorenzo, R J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1247-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Artificial enzymes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: Simple chemical catalysts have been designed to achieve some desirable features of enzymes. These novel catalysts are not proteins, but they may incorporate the typical enzyme catalytic groups and they achieve selectivity in their reactions by use of geometric control, as do enzymes. Catalysts that carry out geometrically controlled chlorinations of aromatic rings and steroids have been constructed. Other catalysts achieve the selective synthesis of amino acids, and still others imitate ribonuclease in detailed mechanism and hydrolyze RNA. Optimization of geometries has led to a rate acceleration of over 10(8) in one instance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):532-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Cyclodextrins ; *Enzymes ; Kinetics ; Models, Chemical ; Ribonucleases ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Transaminases
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    Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: (+/-)-N-Allylnormetazocine is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomimetic effects. The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Dose-response determinations were made for responses to phencyclidine, to a racemic mixture of N-allylnormetazocine, and to the pure levo and dextro isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. In both rats and monkeys, the dextro isomer and the racemic mixture produced dose-dependent responses appropriate for phencyclidine; the levo isomer did not produce the responses appropriate for phencyclidine at any of the doses tested. In both species, the levo isomer was more potent than the dextro isomer in decreasing the rate of responding. Thus racemic N-allylnormetazocine is a mixture of compounds that produce different behavioral effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, K T -- Balster, R L -- May, E L -- DA-00490/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-01442/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phenazocine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Long-term synaptic potentiation in the superior cervical ganglion (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerves to the superior cervical ganglion enhances the postganglionic response to single preganglionic stimuli for 1 to 3 hours. This long-term potentiation of transmission through the ganglion is apparently not attributable to a persistent muscarinic action of the preganglionic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, since neither the magnitude nor the time course of the phenomenon is reduced by atropine. The decay of long-term potentiation can be described by a first-order kinetic process with a mean time constant of 80 minutes. We conclude that long-term potentiation, once considered a unique property of the hippocampus, is in fact a more general feature of synaptic function. This form of synaptic memory may significantly influence information processing and control in other regions of the nervous system, including autonomic ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, T H -- McAfee, D A -- 12116/PHS HHS/ -- NS 16576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    Ethanol in low doses augments calcium-mediated mechanisms measured intracellularly in hippocampal neurons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: The electrophysiological effects of ethanol in low doses (5 to 20 millimoles per liter or 23 to 92 milligrams per 100 milliliters) were examined intracellularly in CA1 cells of rat hippocampus in vitro. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials were increased when ethanol was applied to the respective synaptic terminal regions. Postsynaptically, ethanol caused a moderate hyperpolarization with increased membrane conductance, even when synaptic transmission was blocked. Ethanol augmented the hyperpolarization that followed repetitive firing or that followed the eliciting of calcium spikes in the presence of tetrodotoxin, but not the rapid afterhyperpolarization in calcium-free medium. Ethanol appears to augment calcium-mediated mechanisms both pre- and postsynaptically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Gurevich, N -- Durand, D -- R01 NS16660-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Theory and observation in cultural transmission (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Cultural phenomena may show considerable stability over time and space. Transmission mechanisms responsible for their maintenance are worthy of theoretical and empirical inquiry; they are complex and each possible pathway has different effects on evolutionary stability of traits, as can be shown theoretically. A survey designed to evaluate the importance of some components of cultural transmission on a variety of traits showed that religion and politics are mostly determined in the family, a mode of transmission which guarantees high evolutionary stability and maintenance of high variation between and within groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavalli-Sforza, L L -- Feldman, M W -- Chen, K H -- Dornbusch, S M -- 10452/PHS HHS/ -- 20467/PHS HHS/ -- 20816/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):19-27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attitude ; Child ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Culture ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Marriage ; Models, Psychological ; *Parent-Child Relations
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Substantia nigra: site of anticonvulsant activity mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: Localization of the anatomic substrate for anticonvulsant activity mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined using intracerebral injections of GABA agonists. Blockade of tonic hindlimb extension in the maximal electroshock test and blockade of tonic and clonic seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole and bicuculline were obtained by elevating GABA in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. Elevation of GABA in forebrain and hindbrain areas had no effect on convulsant activity. Blockade of tonic and clonic seizures was also obtained after microinjections of the direct GABA receptor agonist, muscimol, into the midbrain. The substantia nigra was identified as the critical midbrain site for GABA-mediated anticonvulsant activity. Local injection of GABA agonists into the midbrain provided seizure protection without a widespread augmentation of GABA-mediated activity throughout the brain and without impairing either alertness or motor function. Synapses in the substantia nigra appear to represent an important control mechanism for inhibiting the propagation of generalized convulsions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iadarola, M J -- Gale, K -- DA 02206/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH32359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; GABA Antagonists ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology ; Rats ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Substantia Nigra/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Local administration of human growth hormone in vivo to the cartilage growth plate of the proximal tibia of hypophysectomized rats resulted in accelerated longitudinal bone growth. This finding suggests that growth hormone directly stimulates the cells in the growth plate, and does not support the theory that the increase in the plasma concentration of somatomedin that follows growth hormone administration is the cause of this stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isaksson, O G -- Jansson, J O -- Gause, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects ; Growth Hormone/*pharmacology ; Male ; Prolactin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Somatomedins/pharmacology ; Stimulation, Chemical
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    Evidence that glucose "marks" beta cells resulting in preferential release of newly synthesized insulin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Studies of isolated islets labeled with radioactive leucine show that glucose at a critical time "marks" islets in such a way as to cause preferential release of newly synthesized insulin. The preferential release of insulin from marked islets is relatively independent of subsequent secretagogues or rates of insulin secretion. Previous kinetic studies have indicated that the critical time at which marking occurs is after proinsulin biosynthesis but before the secretory event. Thus, secretory cells may regulate the diversion of newly synthesized material for immediate release as it is approaching or transiting the Golgi apparatus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, G -- Gishizky, M L -- Grodsky, G M -- AM 01410/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):56-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/biosynthesis/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*secretion ; Kinetics ; Leucine ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/pharmacology
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    Serial position curve in rats: role of the dorsal hippocampus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: In an eight-arm radial maze, normal rats demonstrated good immediate retention for the order of first items (primacy component of serial position curve) and last items (recency component of serial position curve) of an eight-item (arm) list. In contrast, rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions displayed, on an immediate retention test, disruption of the primacy but not the recency component of the serial position curve. Furthermore, imposing a 10-minute delay before the retention test impaired all components of the serial position curve. These results support correspondence in mnemonic function of the hippocampus in animals and humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kesner, R P -- Novak, J M -- RR07092-12/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Rats ; *Serial Learning
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    Velocity signals related to hand movements recorded from red nucleus neurons in monkeys (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: Neural activity of the red nucleus was studied in monkeys trained to operate devices requiring shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, or finger movements. Single cell activity was more closely related to movements of the hand and fingers than to movements of the other joints. Discharge consistently preceded movements by a constant time interval; duration of discharge was highly correlated with the duration of movement; and discharge rate was highly correlated with movement velocity. These data suggest a role for the rubrospinal pathway in the initiation and control of hand movements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohlerman, N J -- Gibson, A R -- Houk, J C -- 5-R01-NS14703/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):857-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Hand/*physiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Movement ; Neural Conduction ; Neurons/physiology ; Red Nucleus/*physiology
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    Modulation of striatal dopaminergic function by local injection of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, R D -- Proudfit, H K -- Yeung, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Injections ; Kinetics ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rotation ; Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology
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    Fetal hemoglobin genes turned on in adults (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use ; Fetal Hemoglobin/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Thalassemia/therapy
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    Purinergic regulation of food intake (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Inosine peripherally administered to rats markedly suppressed spontaneous food intake and food intake induced by diazepam, muscimol, insulin, and food deprivation. The purines 2-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyinosine also suppressed food deprivation-induced feeding, whereas 7-methylinosine, which does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on food intake when compared with controls. These results suggest that purines may represent endogenous substances that regulate food intake through interactions with the benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, A S -- Morley, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Deoxyguanosine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Food Deprivation ; Inosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Purines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Autocidal control of screwworms in North America (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-22
    Description: The larva of the blowfly Cochliomyia hominivorax, also known as the screwworm, eats the living flesh of cattle and sheep and other warm-blooded animals. A program to eradicate the screwworm in the United States was initiated in the 1950's. The program was very effective until 1968, but severe screwworm outbreaks occurred in 1972 to 1976 and in 1978. Although the program has again been effective since 1979, the possibility of outbreaks recurring in the future has highlighted the need for a broader understanding of the pest. Studies of screwworm populations in the United Stated and Mexico indicate that much of the genetic diversity of this insect is distributed among sympatric non-interbreeding populations. A new approach may be required to retain the effectiveness of the control program and to prevent a serious outbreak from threatening the economic viability of the U.S. livestock industry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, R H -- Ellison, J R -- Averhoff, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):361-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7199204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; Diptera/classification/*physiology ; Ecology ; Infertility, Male ; Insect Control/methods ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Myiasis/*prevention & control ; North America ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Reproduction ; Screw Worm Infection/*prevention & control
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    Benzodiazepine receptor-mediated experimental "anxiety" in primates (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: The ethyl ester of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid has a high affinity for benzodiazepine receptors in the brain. In the rhesus monkey this substance produces an acute behavioral syndrome characterized by dramatic elevations in heart rate, blood pressure, plasma cortisol, and catecholamines. The effects are blocked by benzodiazepines and the specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788. The benzodiazepine receptor may consist of several subsites or functional domains that independently recognize agonist, antagonists, or "active" antagonists such as beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. These results suggest that the benzodiazepine receptor is involved in both the affective and physiological manifestations of anxiety, and that the administration of beta-carboxylic acid ethyl ester to monkeys may provide a reliable and reproducible animal model of human anxiety.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ninan, P T -- Insel, T M -- Cohen, R M -- Cook, J M -- Skolnick, P -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1332-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/*etiology ; Benzodiazepinones ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Carbolines/pharmacology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Flumazenil ; Heart Rate/*drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Receptors, Drug/*physiology ; Receptors, GABA-A
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    Preferential attack of mitochondrial DNA by aflatoxin B1 during hepatocarcinogenesis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: Administration of the hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 to experimental animals results in covalent binding to liver mitochondrial DNA at concentrations three to four times higher than nuclear DNA. The concentration of carcinogen adducts in mitochondrial DNA remains unchanged even after 24 hours, possible because of lack of excision repair. Similarly, mitochondrial transcription and translation remain inhibited up to 24 hours suggesting long-term effects of aflatoxin B1 on the mitochondrial genetic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niranjan, B G -- Bhat, N K -- Avadhani, N G -- CA-22762/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 1;215(4528):73-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6797067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Aflatoxins/*metabolism ; Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Liver Neoplasms/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver/*metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Brain injury causes a time-dependent increase in neuronotrophic activity at the lesion site (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: A cavity was made in the brain (entorhinal cortex) of developing or adult rats, and a small piece of Gelfoam was emplaced to collect fluid secreted into the wound. The neuronotrophic activity of the fluid was assayed with sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in culture. The results show that wounds in the brain of developing or adult rats stimulate the accumulation of neuronotrophic factors and that the activity of these factors increases over the first few days after infliction of the damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto-Sampedro, M -- Lewis, E R -- Cotman, C W -- Manthorpe, M -- Skaper, S D -- Barbin, G -- Longo, F M -- Varon, S -- AG-00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH-19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16349/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):860-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Injuries/*physiopathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinergic Fibers/physiology ; Kinetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Wound Healing
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    Hemispheric asymmetries in the behavioral and hormonal effects of sexually differentiating mammalian brain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Estrogen pellets were placed in either the right or left hypothalamus of newborn female rats so that only one side of this brain area was exposed to the postnatal masculinizing and defeminizing effects of the hormone. The effects of estrogen on gonadotropin secretion and reproductive behavior depended on both the region and the side of implantation. Exposure of the left hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in defeminized development. Exposure of the right hypothalamus to estrogen resulted in masculinized development. Thus the response of the developing hypothalamus to gonadal steroids may be asymmetric.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordeen, E J -- Yahr, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/growth & development ; Rats ; *Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
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    Norethisterone, a major ingredient of contraceptive pills, is a suicide inhibitor of estrogen biosynthesis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) is an effective irreversible inhibitor of estrogen synthetase (aromatase), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, even at a 2 X 10(-6) molar concentration. This irreversible inactivation, which is directed toward the active site of aromatase and requires the cofactor-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is both time- and concentration-dependent. Ethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyltestosterone), in contrast, is not a suicide inhibitor of aromatase even at concentrations of 10(-4) molar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osawa, Y -- Yarborough, C -- HDO4945/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aromatase Inhibitors ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Estrogens/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Norethindrone/*pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy
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    Transplantation of leukemic bone marrow treated with cytotoxic antileukemic antibodies and complement (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: The ability of antiserum against murine L1210 leukemia to remove residual leukemia cells from murine bone marrow was investigated. Leukemic marrow was treated in vitro with antiserum and complement and used to hematologically reconstitute mice that had been irradiated with doses lethal to bone marrow. Following infusion of treated leukemic marrow, normal marrow returned without evidence of leukemia. More than 90 percent of the animals have survived for 11 months without untoward effects, suggesting that the technique may be of use in the treatment of acute leukemia in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trigg, M E -- Poplack, D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Survival ; *Complement System Proteins ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Leukemia L1210/*immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA
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    Influence of female hormonal state on rhesus sexual behavior varies with space for social interaction (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: The sexual behavior of rhesus monkeys in 15 male-female pairings was observed in both a large and a small area during the follicular and luteal phases of the female's cycle. Males ejaculated in all tests at the follicular phase of the female's cycle and in 53 percent of tests at the luteal phase. However, a significant decline in ejaculation during tests at the luteal phase occurred in the large, but not in the small area. Thus the degree to which the pair's sexual behavior was influenced by the female's hormonal state depended on the spatial conditions of the test.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallen, K -- MH35835/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):375-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7201164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation ; Ejaculation ; *Estrus ; Female ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Social Behavior ; *Spatial Behavior
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  • 81
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    Asian bull elephants: Flehmen-like responses to extractable components in female elephant estrous urine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: Flehmen-like responses (urine tests) are one of the characteristic behavioral reactions of male Asian elephants (Elephants maximus) to cow elephants in estrus. Components of the urine of estrous cow elephants were extracted with organic solvents and partially purified by chromatography and shown to evoke Flehmen-like responses when they were presented to adult bulls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasmussen, L E -- Schmidt, M J -- Henneous, R -- Groves, D -- Daves, G D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):159-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Estrus Detection ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*urine ; Sex Attractants/isolation & purification/*urine ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 82
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    Inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in the rat by immunoneutralization of corticotropin-releasing factor (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Intravenous administration of rabbit antiserum to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) markedly reduced the CRF-induced rise of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in intact nonstressed adult male rats while blocking more than 75 percent of the ACTH release observed in rats exposed to ether stress. Furthermore, antiserum to CRF significantly lowered ACTH levels in adrenalectomized animals. These results suggest that endogenous CRF plays a physiological role in regulating ACTH secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, C -- Rivier, J -- Vale, W -- AM18811/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):377-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood/*secretion ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*immunology ; Male ; Rats ; Secretory Rate/drug effects
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  • 83
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    Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C B -- Hayes, W C -- AM00749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26740/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Bone Development ; Female ; Femur/*physiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum/*physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia/*physiology
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  • 84
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    Hormonal regulation of gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenesis in cultured fetal rat tests (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Gonadotropic activation of the adult rat testis in vitro and in vivo is followed by down-regulation of luteinizing hormone receptors and decreased androgen responses to subsequent hormonal stimulation. In contrast, treatment of cultured fetal testes with gonadotropins and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate enhanced steroidogenic responsiveness and did not cause the luteinizing hormone-receptor loss and desensitization that is characteristic of the adult gonad. The analysis of gonadotropin receptors and action in cultured fetal testis cells facilitates developmental studies of gonadal function, and has revealed significant differences in the responses of fetal and adult Leydig cells to gonadotropic regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, D W -- Dufau, M L -- Catt, K J -- 1F33-HD06192/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):375-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Hydroxyprogesterones/biosynthesis ; Leydig Cells/*drug effects ; Luteinizing Hormone/pharmacology ; Male ; Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, LH ; Testis/*embryology/metabolism ; Testosterone/biosynthesis
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  • 85
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    Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Spirochetes believed to be the cause of Lyme disease were isolated from white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, the preferred natural hosts of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector. Evidence suggests that deer act as a reservoir of the disease and provide an overwintering mechanism for both spirochetes and adult ticks. Some tick larvae may acquire the spirochete by transovarial passage and the nymphal stage may transmit the disease to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosler, E M -- Coleman, J L -- Benach, J L -- Massey, D A -- Hanrahan, J P -- Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/transmission ; Deer/microbiology/parasitology ; Disease Vectors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peromyscus/microbiology/parasitology ; Spirochaetales/*growth & development ; Ticks/*microbiology
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  • 86
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    Cure of mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and disulfiram rescue (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: Mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense were treatment concurrently with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP), disulfiram, and hydration. Most of the mice (92.5 percent) were cured; inoculation of blood or suspensions of brain or heart from these animals did not produce disease in recipient mice. The dose of DDP needed to eliminate the trypanosomes, 3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day for 7 days, was lethally toxic unless the animals received disulfiram orally and subcutaneous injections of physiologic saline, which reduced the acute renal necrosis caused by DDP alone. Some mild to moderate reversible renal damage was noted upon pathologic examination of the treated mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wysor, M S -- Zwelling, L A -- Sanders, J E -- Grenan, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):454-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7201165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cisplatin/adverse effects ; Disulfiram/*administration & dosage ; Kidney/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Necrosis/chemically induced ; Rats ; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage ; Trypanosoma/drug effects ; Trypanosomiasis, African/pathology/*therapy
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  • 87
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    Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannas, I V -- Burke, J F -- Orgill, D P -- Skrabut, E M -- GM 21700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 14322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Elastomers/therapeutic use ; *Skin Transplantation ; *Wound Healing
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  • 88
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    Translational efficiency of transfer RNA's: uses of an extended anticodon (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Transfer RNA's are probably very strongly selected for translational efficiency. In this article, the argument is presented that the coding performance of the triplet anticodon is enhanced by selection of a matching anticodon loop and stem sequence. the anticodon plus these nearby sequence features (the extended anticodon) therefore contains more coding information than the anticodon alone and can perform more efficiently and accurately at the ribosome. This idea successfully accounts for the relative efficiencies of many transfer RNA's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarus, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):646-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6753149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 89
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    Time course of alpha-flupenthixol action explains "response artifacts" of neuroleptic action on brain stimulation reward (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Flupenthixol/*pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Kinetics ; Rats ; *Reward ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Thioxanthenes/*pharmacology
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  • 90
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    Pimozide blocks establishment but not expression of amphetamine-produced environment-specific conditioning (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Animals with a history of receiving daily injections of +-amphetamine in a specific environment showed a placebo effect (enhanced activity) when injected with saline and placed there; control animals with similar but dissociated drug histories and experience with the test chamber failed to show the effect. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide antagonized the establishment of conditioning. However, the same dose of pimozide, when given to previously conditioned animals on the placebo test day, failed to antagonize the expression of conditioned activity. Thus, during conditioning dopaminergic neurons mediated a change that subsequently influenced behavior even when dopaminergic systems were blocked. Although schizophrenia may be related to hyperfunctioning of dopamine, neuroleptic drugs, which block dopamine receptors on their first administration, do not have therapeutic effects for a number of days. The results of the pimozide experiments may resolve this paradox.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beninger, R J -- Hahn, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1304-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology)/*drug effects/physiology ; Dextroamphetamine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Pimozide/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/physiology ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
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  • 91
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    Inflammation and collagenase production in rats with adjuvant arthritis reduced with 13-cis-retinoic acid (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Oral administration of 13-cis-retinoic acid (40 or 160 milligrams per kilogram of body weight daily) significantly reduced the inflammation associated with developing and established adjuvant arthritis, an experimentally induced arthritis in rats that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. The amount of collagenase secreted in tissue culture by adherent cells isolated from the inflamed joints of adjuvant rats treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid also decreased as compared to the amount secreted by cells from vehicle-treated adjuvant rats. Collagenase is important in the joint destruction accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. The successful use of retinoids in the treatment of this proliferative but nonmalignant disorder demonstrates a new application of these compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinckerhoff, C E -- Coffey, J W -- Sullivan, A C -- AM14780/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- P60 AM20641/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/*drug therapy ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy ; Female ; Fibrinogen/blood ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Male ; Microbial Collagenase/biosynthesis ; Prostaglandins E/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Sex Factors ; Tretinoin/*therapeutic use
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  • 92
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    Proglumide: selective antagonism of excitatory effects of cholecystokinin in central nervous system (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Extracellular single-unit recording techniques were used to test the ability of proglumide to block cholecystokinin-induced excitation of rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons and dopamine-sensitive prefrontal cortex cells. Intravenous and iontophoretic proglumide administration consistently blocked cholecystokinin-induced excitations while having no effect on glutamic acid-induced increases in activity. This selective blockade of central cholecystokinin effects by proglumide suggests that this drug may be valuable for studying the possible role of cholecystokinin as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiodo, L A -- Bunney, B S -- MH-25642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-28849/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-07136/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cholecystokinin/*pharmacology ; Drug Antagonism ; Glutamine/*analogs & derivatives ; Male ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Proglumide/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 93
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    Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field prevents contralateral inattention (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Brief deprivation of vision after unilateral lesions of the frontal eye field prevents the appearance of contralateral inattention to visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli. The forced circling that accompanies inattention, however, is not affected. An equivalent preoperative period in the dark only partly reduces inattention symptoms. Visual deprivation does not reduce or prevent inattention resulting from lesions of the superior colliculus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowne, D P -- Richardson, C M -- Ward, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):527-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Darkness ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Male ; Movement ; Rats ; Sensory Deprivation/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 94
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    Direct in vivo monitoring of dopamine released from two striatal compartments in the rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Microvoltammetric electrodes were used to monitor dopamine released in the caudate nucleus of the rat after electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. The time resolution of the technique is sufficient to determine in vivo concentration changes on a time scale of seconds. Direct evidence identifying the substance released as dopamine was obtained both voltammetrically and pharmacologically. Administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine terminates the release of dopamine, although tissue stores of dopamine are still present. Thus there appears to be a compartment for dopamine storage that is not available for immediate release. This compartment appears to be mobilized by amfonelic acid, since administration of this agent after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine returns the concentration of dopamine released by electrical stimulation to 75 percent of the original amount.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ewing, A G -- Bigelow, J C -- Wightman, R M -- KO 4 NS000356/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Caudate Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Methyltyrosines/pharmacology ; Microelectrodes ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; alpha-Methyltyrosine
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  • 95
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    Antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which has recently occurred at increasing rates in homosexual men, intravenous drug users, and others, is characterized by the development of Kaposi's sarcoma and several opportunistic infections including pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Serum samples from patients with AIDS and from matched and unmatched control subjects were examined for the presence of antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus. Nineteen of 75 of the AIDS patients had antibodies directed to surface antigens of Hut 102, a reference T lymphoid cell line infected with leukemia virus, as did two of the 336 control subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Essex, M -- McLane, M F -- Lee, T H -- Falk, L -- Howe, C W -- Mullins, J I -- Cabradilla, C -- Francis, D P -- 2T32CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5T32HL07523/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):859-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6342136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/immunology ; Male ; *Retroviridae/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/immunology/*microbiology
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  • 96
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    Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea): culture of third-stage larvae to young adults in vitro (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Infective third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) were cultured to young adults in a cell-free culture system. Third-stage larvae from the tick vector grew, developed, and molted twice in a medium containing NCTC 135 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum under a gas phase of 95 percent nitrogen and 5 percent carbon dioxide. The availability of such a culture system for filariids should facilitate studies of their immunology, biochemistry, and sensitivity to drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franke, E D -- Weinstein, P P -- AI 07030/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 09625/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culture Media ; Dipetalonema/*growth & development ; In Vitro Techniques ; Larva ; Male ; Ticks/parasitology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    Light and propranolol suppress the nocturnal elevation of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Markedly elevated nighttime concentrations of serotonin in rhesus monkey cerebrospinal fluid were reduced to daytime levels by exposing the monkeys to continuous light or to the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Nighttime elevations of melatonin in cerebrospinal fluid were also suppressed by propranolol and light. Serotonin released in large quantities at night appears to be regulated like melatonin, and may act as a cerebroventricular hormone to influence brain and pituitary function at night.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garrick, N A -- Tamarkin, L -- Taylor, P L -- Markey, S P -- Murphy, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6683428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm/drug effects ; Humans ; *Light ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Melatonin/physiology ; Propranolol/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Serotonin/*cerebrospinal fluid/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Drug history modifies the behavioral effects of pentobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Behavior of squirrel monkeys, maintained by the termination of stimuli associated with electric shock, was suppressed by response-dependent shock delivery. The effects of pentobarbital on this behavior depended on whether monkeys had previously received morphine. In monkeys without experience with drugs, pentobarbital increased responding. In monkeys with recent experience with morphine, however, pentobarbital resulted in a smaller increase or decrease in responding. The rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital after a history of morphine administration could be reversed by the administration of d-amphetamine. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of abused drugs may depend on previous experience with other drugs, even when those drugs are from a different pharmacological class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glowa, J R -- Barrett, J E -- DA 02658/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 02873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 07658/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6682244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Saimiri ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    Cortical dopaminergic involvement in cocaine reinforcement (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Neuronal systems involved in the initiation of cocaine reinforcement were investigated by identifying brain sites where direct application of the drug was reinforcing. This was accomplished by allowing rats to self-administer picomolar concentrations of cocaine into discrete brain regions. The medial prefrontal cortex supported self-administration, while the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area did not. Self-administration could be attenuated by including equimolar concentrations of the dopaminergic D2-receptor antagonist sulpiride in the microinjection system. These results imply that cocaine reinforcement is mediated in part through a direct action on mesocortical dopaminergic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goeders, N E -- Smith, J E -- DA-01999-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*drug effects/physiology ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Rats ; Self Administration ; Sulpiride/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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