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  • 1
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    The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-11
    Description: Lyme disease, unknown in the United States two decades ago, is now the most common arthropod-borne disease in the country and has caused considerable morbidity in several suburban and rural areas. The emergence of this disease is in part the consequence of the reforestation of the northeastern United States and the rise in deer populations. Unfortunately, an accurate estimation of its importance to human and animal health has not been made because of difficulties in diagnosis and inadequate surveillance activities. Strategies for prevention of Lyme disease include vector control and vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbour, A G -- Fish, D -- AI24424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28956/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI29731/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 11;260(5114):1610-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8503006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/physiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; *Lyme Disease/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Tick Control ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Spirochetes believed to be the cause of Lyme disease were isolated from white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, the preferred natural hosts of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector. Evidence suggests that deer act as a reservoir of the disease and provide an overwintering mechanism for both spirochetes and adult ticks. Some tick larvae may acquire the spirochete by transovarial passage and the nymphal stage may transmit the disease to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosler, E M -- Coleman, J L -- Benach, J L -- Massey, D A -- Hanrahan, J P -- Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/transmission ; Deer/microbiology/parasitology ; Disease Vectors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peromyscus/microbiology/parasitology ; Spirochaetales/*growth & development ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: A treponema-like spirochete was detected in and isolated from adult Ixodes dammini, the incriminated tick vector of Lyme disease. Causally related to the spirochetes may be long-lasting cutaneous lesions that appeared on New Zealand White rabbits 10 to 12 weeks after infected ticks fed on them. Samples of serum from patients with Lyme disease were shown by indirect immunofluorescence to contain antibodies to this agent. It is suggested that the newly discovered spirochete is involved in the etiology of Lyme disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- Hayes, S F -- Benach, J L -- Grunwaldt, E -- Davis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7043737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/*microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/*microbiology ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microvilli/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Rabbits ; Seasons ; Spirochaetales/ultrastructure ; Spirochaetales Infections/*microbiology ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Linear plasmids of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-07-24
    Description: The genetics of spirochetes, a division of eubacteria, has been little studied. Double-stranded linear plasmids were found in Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease. A 49-kilobase linear plasmid contained the ospA and ospB genes, which encode the major outer membrane proteins of strain B31. Molecules of the 49-kilobase plasmid rapidly reannealed after alkaline denaturation; rapid renaturation was prevented if the 49-kilobase plasmids were first treated with S1 nuclease. When denatured plasmid molecules were examined directly, single-stranded circles of approximately 100-kilobase circumference were seen. These studies provide direct visual evidence that the linear plasmids have covalently closed ends. This form of DNA occurs in some animal viruses, but it has not heretofore been described in prokaryotic organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbour, A G -- Garon, C F -- AI 24424/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 24;237(4813):409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3603026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Borrelia/*genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics/ultrastructure ; *Genes ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Plasmids
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-08
    Description: A gene bank of DNA from the Lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pBR322. Plasmid pTRH32, a recombinant that in Escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete, was identified. One of the recombinant products, designated OspA, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all Lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated OspB, represents a more variable surface protein. This recombinant plasmid provides a foundation for future studies on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Lyme disease as well as on the genetic organization of the etiologic agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, T R -- Mayer, L W -- Barbour, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 8;227(4687):645-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/*genetics ; Borrelia/*metabolism ; *Borrelia burgdorferi ; DNA, Recombinant/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Lyme Disease/*microbiology ; *Plasmids ; Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-04
    Description: A Borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of Ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. After the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other North American tick-borne borreliae as well as from Spirochaeta aurantia, Treponema pallidum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. The spirochete is passed trans-stadially and via eggs by ticks, and it is also excreted in coxal fluid after ticks have fed and detached. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the spirochete may be causally related to epizootic bovine abortion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, R S -- Burgdorfer, W -- Hayes, S F -- Barbour, A G -- 2-S07-RR07006/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):85-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*etiology/parasitology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*etiology/parasitology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pregnancy ; Spirochaeta/*isolation & purification ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic Variation of a Relapsing Fever Borrelia Species (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 44 (1990), S. 155-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.001103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variable antigen genes of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii are activated by promoter addition (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Borrelia hermsii, an agent of replapsing fever, avoids the host's immune response by means of multiphasic antigenic variation. Serotype specificity is determined by variable antigens called the Vmp lipoproteins. Through recombination between linear plasmids a formerly silent vmp gene replaces another vmp gene at a telomeric expression locus. We examined strain HS1 borreliae before and after a switch from serotype 7 to serotype 21. The nucleotide sequences of 5 regions of silent and expressed vmp7 and vmp 21 were determined. Silent and active vmp 7 and vmp 21 genes shared a block of homologous sequences surrounding their 5′ ends. Sequences upstream of silent vmp 7 and vmp 21 genes lacked the promoter and substantially differed from each other. In this antigenic switch a vmp gene was activated by a recombination that placed it downstream of a promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02132.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variable antigens Vmp7 and Vmp21 of the relapsing fever bacterium Borrelia hermsii are structurally analogous to the VSG proteins of the African trypanosome (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii avoids the host's immune response by the strategy of multiphasic antigenic variation. A given Borrelia cell can express one of a number of alleles for polymorphic outer-membrane proteins, known as Vmp proteins. The genes for the variant-specific Vmp proteins of serotypes 7 and 21 of B. hermsii strain HS1 were sequenced. The genes, which were designated vmp7 and vmp21, were obtained from populations of borreliae before and after a switch in serotypes from 7 to 21. The analysis showed that vmp7 and vmp21 are 77% identical in terms of their coding sequence. The deduced translation products of vmp7 and vmp21 are polypeptides of 369 (37.2kD) and 364 amino acids (37.1kD), respectively. Vmp7 and Vmp21 have sequence features of prokaryotic lipoproteins and are processed as such during expression in E. coli. The secondary structure predictions of the Vmp proteins reveals analogous structures to the VSG proteins of the African trypanosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00549.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of a vmp pseudogene in Borrella hermsii: an alternate mechanism of antigenic variation during relapsing fever (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relapsing fever agent, Borrella hermsii, undergoes multiphasic antigenic variation to evade its host's immune response. A frequently observed switch is serotype 7 to 26. Unlike silent vmp genes previously characterized, the transcriptionally silent vmp26 sequence was a pseudogene in lacking a start codon. In serotype 7 the location of the silent vmp26 sequence just downstream of vmp7 on the expression plasmid, as well as on the silent plasmid, was also unique. The demonstration of a predicted circular recombination product in serotype 7 but not serotype 21 populations indicates that the pseudogene was activated by an intramolecular recombination producing a deletion of DNA between 20-nucleotide direct repeats in vmp7 and Ψvmp26.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00423.x
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