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  • 1
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    Natural Distribution of the Ixodes dammini spirochete (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Spirochetes believed to be the cause of Lyme disease were isolated from white-footed mice and white-tailed deer, the preferred natural hosts of Ixodes dammini, the tick vector. Evidence suggests that deer act as a reservoir of the disease and provide an overwintering mechanism for both spirochetes and adult ticks. Some tick larvae may acquire the spirochete by transovarial passage and the nymphal stage may transmit the disease to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosler, E M -- Coleman, J L -- Benach, J L -- Massey, D A -- Hanrahan, J P -- Burgdorfer, W -- Barbour, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/transmission ; Deer/microbiology/parasitology ; Disease Vectors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Peromyscus/microbiology/parasitology ; Spirochaetales/*growth & development ; Ticks/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual dimorphism and direct and maternal genetic effects on body weight in mice (1973)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 43 (1973), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic and phenotypic parameters for three-, six- and eight-week body weight and for weight gain between three and six weeks of age were estimated from data collected over 14 generations in a randombred control population. Genetic parameters were also estimated for sexual dimorphism in body weight and gain. Heritability estimates were substantial for body weight at all ages and for body weight gain. Additive maternal variances were also large. Estimates of the covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and substantial for three- and six-week weights and gain. Also the covariance between maternal effects on weaning weight and direct genetic effects on six- and eight-week weights were negative. These results indicate a consistent antagonism between maternal and direct genetic effects in this population. The analysis of sexual dimorphism yielded estimates of 0.87±.09 and 0.71±.14 for the correlation between additive direct effects on males and females for six-week weight and body weight gain respectively. Corresponding heritability estimates were 0.07±.09 and 0.11±.09. Heritability estimates for sexual dimorphism in three- and eight-week weights were negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277832
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    A polymorphism in the thyroid hormone receptor gene is associated with bronchodilator response in asthmatics (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-03
    Print ISSN: 1470-269X
    Electronic ISSN: 1473-1150
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    A genome-wide association study of bronchodilator response in asthmatics (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-19
    Print ISSN: 1470-269X
    Electronic ISSN: 1473-1150
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Modification of the analytical procedures for the determination of herbage and faecal n-alkanes used in the estimation of herbage intake (1995)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-01
    Description: SUMMARYThe evaluation of n-alkane concentrations in herbage and faeces is the basis of a methodology that yields precise estimates of herbage intake. Established chemical analysis procedures for the determination of n-alkane concentrations in herbage and faecal samples involve an elaborate sequence of steps utilizing n-hexane as solvent for both the liquid-liquid extraction of n-alkanes from the sample and the solid-phase separation of n-alkanes in the extract. Composites of herbage and faecal samples from studies with sheep provided the experimental material used to evaluate a series of modifications which would simplify and reduce the workload involved in the chemical analysis. The results show that a less hazardous chemical, n-heptane, can replace n-hexane at all stages of the analytical procedure. They also show that evaporation of the sample extract and redissolving it prior to the separation of the n-alkanes, using a silica gel column, is unnecessary and that the volume of solvent used can be reduced. Procedures for saponification of samples prior to extraction can also be simplified as the process can be run overnight involving a slow build-up of temperature to 90 °C. The gain in precision from processing samples in duplicate was negligible and it would be more appropriate to invest extra efforts on an increased number of experimental animals. The results snowed that the workload and cost of using the n-alkane technique to estimate herbage intake can be reduced substantially.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    Some breed effects on the melting point and fatty acid composition of carcass fat in lambs (1980)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Description: SummaryTwo breed comparisons were made: (a) between Galway and Galway x Finnish Landrace (Fingalway) lambs, and (6) between Galway x Fingalway and Galway x (Finn x Texel) lambs, for the melting point and fatty acid composition of subcutaneous tail, subcutaneous 13th rib and perinephric fat. The lambs were slaughtered at market weight from September to January, being finished off on grass except for a small number finished indoors on concentrates and hay.Slaughter age and carcass weight, both of which had significant effects on some of the measurements, were included as covariates in the breed comparisons. Overall breed effects were small. The melting point of the fat from Fingalway lambs was lower than that of the Galway breed in each location, the difference being significant for subcutaneous rib fat. This was associated with a lower concentration of stearic acid and a higher concentration of oleic acid in each fat depot of the Fingalway breed, the difference being significant for oleic in subcutaneous tail and for stearic in subcutaneous rib fat. No significant breed differences or trends were observed for the other fatty acids measured. Results for a small number of pure Finn lambs supported the Finn ancestry influence indicated by comparison (a). In the second breed comparison, no significant breed differences were observed, the values being close to those obtained for the pure Galway lambs.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Faecal sampling for the estimation of herbage intake using n-alkanes: evaluation of sample pooling and the use of rectal grab samples (1995)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-01
    Description: SUMMARYHerbage intake estimation, using the n-alkane technique, requires the determination of the ratio of ‘dosed’ to ‘natural’ n-alkane concentrations in faeces. The present study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of intake estimates based on the analysis of pooled samples of total daily faecal output and those derived from rectal grab samples.Wether lambs maintained in individual metabolism crates, offered fresh herbage ad libitumand dosed daily with 120 mg of n-dotriacontane (C32), were used. Actual intake was recorded daily and samples of total faecal output were retained either for individual analysis or to produce 6-day composites by pooling representative amounts of material from each day's faecal output. Different pooling strategies were evaluated: a constant volume of fresh faecal material from each day or a constant weight (or constant volume) of dried and ground material from each day's faecal output. In addition, daily rectal grab samples, obtained at the same time each day, were pooled using a constant daily volume of fresh faeces. Herbage intake was estimated using the ratios of faecal concentrations of n-hentriacontane (C31) or n-tritriacontane (C33) relative to that for C32.Similar patterns of effects were observed for intake estimates derived from the C31: C32 and C33:C32 n-alkane ratios for the different faecal sample types. Comparisons based on intake estimates derived from the use of the C33: C32 ratio showed that there were no significant differences between actual intake and estimates based either on the mean of daily samples or on the different composites of total daily faecal output. Intake estimates based on the analysis of composites of total daily faecal output were consistently lower (c. 3%) than those based on the analysis of daily faecal samples. A difference of this magnitude is expected, based on the algebraic relationship between the mean of a ratio of two variables (e.g. faecal concentrations of C33 and C32) and the ratio of the corresponding means. Intake estimates derived from the use of rectal grab samples, taken 3 h after the daily dose was given, yielded a proportionate overestimation of actual intake of 0·06 (P 〈 0·10). No significant differences were detected in the precision of intake estimates derived either from individual daily samples, composites of total daily faecal output, or composites of rectal grab samples, although the latter yielded the lowest precision.It is concluded that faecal samples can be pooled on a gravimetric or a volumetric basis over several days with negligible loss in precision of intake estimates. Such pooling greatly reduces the workload and costs involved in using the n-alkane technique. Sampling and analytical errors associated with t e technique were found to be very small, and the processing of faecal samples in duplicate would result in a negligible increase in the precision of intake estimates. The need for further evaluation of rectal grab sampling under grazing conditions is highlighted.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Use of n-alkanes for the estimation of herbage intake in sheep: accuracy and precision of the estimates (1991)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-01
    Description: SUMMARYTwo experiments at Belclare, Co. Galway, in late autumn 1988, evaluated the use of herbage and dosed n-alkanes for estimating herbage intake by sheep. The first experiment examined faecal recoveries of dosed and herbage n-alkanes. The second experiment assessed the accuracy and precision of herbage intake estimates obtained using the n-alkane technique, and tested the effect of supplying n-alkanes to animals either in gelatine. capsules (containing different ratios of n-alkane: cellulose fibre) or in pellets prepared from shredded paper onto which the n-alkanes had been adsorbed. Individually penned wether lambs were offered freshly cut herbage ad libitum (+ 10%) and actual dry matter intake was recorded daily. Intake was estimated using the C31:C32 and C33:C32 (natural:dosed) n-alkane ratios.There was no significant effect of n-alkane chain length on faecal recovery rate for either the dosed n-alkanes (C32 and C36), the herbage odd-chained n-alkanes (C29, C31, C33 and C36) or those used for the estimation of herbage intake (C31, C32 and C33). The accuracy and precision of the n-alkane technique for estimating herbage intake were unaffected by whether the dosed n-alkane was supplied in capsules or pellets or by the n-alkane:cellulose fibre ratio in the capsules. The bias in the estimated intake was – 8% (± 1·1%) and + 3% (± 1·2%) for estimates based on C31:C32 and C33:C32 ratios, respectively. The estimates based on C31:C32 and C33:C32 exhibited similar precision in the estimation of herbage intake, with a R.S.D. of 6% in actual intake when adjusted for variation in estimated intake and a correlation of +0·92 between actual and estimated herbage intake. The C.V. for actual herbage intake was 17%. The repeatability of actual dry matter intake over three consecutive 6-day periods was 0·54 while those of estimated intake were 0·57 and 0·60 for estimates based on C31:C32 and C33:C32, respectively. The results show that the n-alkane technique can provide an accurate and precise estimate of herbage intake.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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